Current issue

• 2009 Vol.25 No.7 Published:05 April 2009

  畜牧兽医科学

  Study on Effect of Phosphate Levels and pH in Culture Medium on Phosphorus Absorption of Small Intestine of broiler 2009, 25 (7):  1-6.  Abstract + ( 1504 )   PDF ( 616528KB )   ( 727 ) Abstract: (Objctive)This experiment was carried out to provide reference for reasonable selection of pH and phosphate levels when phosphorus absorption experiment in vitro with Chicken small intestine by investigate the effects of phosphate levels and pH in culture medium on absorption of Pi by incubating everted intestinal sacs of broilers. (Method)Two experiments of single-factor four-treament were used. Sacs of duodenum,jejunum and ileum from 48 male broilers at the age of 30 days were random distributioned to eight treaments, each treament was assigned six replicates, one replicate was assigned one sac, culture 50min under condition of 40℃. (Result)The results showed that: pH and phosphate levels in medium have obvious effect on the phosphorus uptake. The phosphorus uptake of gut sacs was increased linearly when pH value between 5.0 and 7.0. Compared with pH 5.0, the intestinal absorption of phosphorus increased significantly (P＜0.01). But the absorption of phosphorus began to reduced when pH up to 8.0; Phosphorus uptake and phosphorus content was positively correlated when phosphorus content in medium among 50μg/ml, 1000μg/ml and 200μg/ml.But the phosphorus uptake of the duodenum and jejunum began to reduced when the phosphate level up to 400μg/ml. (Conclusion)The results suggest: the optimum pH is 6.0～7.0 and phosphorus content can not exceed 200μg/ml in culture medium when assesse feed available phosphorus with method of everted intestinal sacs.

  Advances in Melissopalynology 2009, 25 (7):  7-12.  Abstract + ( 1283 )   PDF ( 488927KB )   ( 790 ) Melissopalynology is an important branch of palynology, dealing with the pollen in honey. It is extensively applied to identification of the botanical and geographical origin of honey, examination of honey quality, recognization of toxic honey source etc. This paper reviews the advances in melissopalynology at home and abroad during the past twenty years.

  Viability and infectivity of C. parvum Oocysts preserved in 2.5 percent of potassium dichromate 2009, 25 (7):  13-17.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   PDF ( 623597KB )   ( 679 ) Object: The present study was undertaken to compare the viability and infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts (CPO) that had been stored for 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 20, 25 and 30 months at 4°C in 2.5% potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), respectively. Methods: An excystation protocol was performed in vitro to evaluate the viability of oocysts. One hundred and eighty female BABL/c mice were used to evaluate the infectivity of oocysts by detecting the prepatent period of C. parvum infection, the quantity of oocysts excreted, and the number of parasites that colonized the villi of the ileum. Results: CPO preserved in K2Cr2O7 for 1–16 months were capable of excystation in vitro and infection of mice in vivo. The prepatent period was extended from 3 to 8 days as the storage time of oocysts increased. There was a strong correlation between prepatent period and duration of oocyst storage (R2＝0.92). Large number of oocysts were isolated and purified from feces of mice inoculated oocysts preserved for 1-16 months in K2Cr2O7, respectively. Cryptosporidia parasitized in the terminal ilea were found in mice inoculated with oocysts stored in K2Cr2O7 for 1-16 months. Conclusion: CPO may be stored at 4°C in K2Cr2O7 for at least 16 months for the purposes of laboratory research, and K2Cr2O7 is a good medium of keeping viability and infectivity of CPO for a long time.

  A control technique on parasites of Nanjiang Yellow goats in the northern mountainous area of Fujian province 2009, 25 (7):  18-21.  Abstract + ( 1568 )   PDF ( 501976KB )   ( 616 ) Through the investigation of egg count and the analysis of variety of egg count after deworming, the results showed that there were Eurytrema sp, Paramphistomum sp, Moniezia expansa, Oesophagostomum sp , Strongyloides papillosus, Haemonchus contortus and Dictyocaulus filaria in the Nanjiang Yellow goats in the northern mountainous area of Fujian province. The ratio of nematode egg was 70.2%, which were the preponderant species in the area. The ratios of the fasciolidae egg and the nematode egg were 20% and 10%, respectively, which were the least at the 15th day after being dewormed with albendazoles by the dose of 20mg/kg in oral administration in the goats, and then during the 30th to 60th day, they were almost or even beyond the pre-administration’s ratios . According to that, the control technology of goat parasitic disease to the northern moist and mountainous area of Fujian province, that is a deworming reference standard of parasites for the 2-6 month old goats per 30 days and the adult goats per 60 days, has been built. The survival rate of the 2-6 month old goats dewormed with th reference standard was 28.3% higher than those dewormed with the local usual control technology.

  Serotype identification and drug sensitive test of broiler pathogenic E coli in Weifang area 2009, 25 (7):  22-25.  Abstract + ( 1756 )   PDF ( 477650KB )   ( 707 ) 78 in 95 strains of avian E coli isolated from different chicken farms in Weifang area were pathogenic by identification of biochemical properties and serology. There were 14 serotypes in 78 strains of Escherichia coli, O78, O2, O15, O11 were predominant serotypes. The average drug resistance was 40.6% by drug sensitive test, the multiple resistance was very popular. Among 21 antibiotics used for drug sensitive test, 4 of them were highly sensitive, they were Cefotaxime Sodium, Fosfomycin Sodium, Florfenicol, Ceftriaxone Sodium respectively. It provides reference to prevention and treatment of broiler pathogenic E coli in this area.

  Artificial Control on Reproduction and Breeding of Rana spinosa David based on Biotechnology 2009, 25 (7):  26-29.  Abstract + ( 1347 )   PDF ( 486729KB )   ( 981 ) 【OBJECTIVE】The reproduction of Rana spinosa David was artificially controlled by using biotechnology, in order to advance and centralize the ovulation, synchronize incubation and batch breeding of tadpole.【METHOD】HCG and LRH-A3 were used to make artificial inducing spawning of R. spinosa【RESULTS】No inducing effect of HCG was found on spawning of R. spinosa. LRH-A3 had obvious effect on spawning, but the insemination of R. spinosa was inadequacy. The combination of HCG and LRH-A3 not only had significant function on spawning, but also made complete insemination. After treated with HCG+LRH-A3 in April to June, the growth time from spawn to young frog was 73-89 d, all before September. 【CONCLUSION】The combination of HCG and LRH-A3 could be used to artificial control R. spinosa in practical breeding.

  The Expression of Recombinant Thymosin alpha 1 in Escherichia coli 2009, 25 (7):  30-32.  Abstract + ( 1260 )   PDF ( 773904KB )   ( 765 ) The recombinant thymosin alpha 1 express in Escherichia coli. According to Escherichia coli codon preference, synthesize Tαl codon and attach them to pMD18-T vector. Insert Tαl ,which was retrieved by two enzymes incide to pET32a , convert Escherichia coli BL21. After the IPTG abduction and 15%SDS-PAGE test, Tαl dissolvability was expressed positively. A positive protein band, which match protein molecular weight about 21.8KDa, was detected in the expression product. The gene of Tαl dissolvability expressed successfully in Escherichia coli expression system.

  Effects of Clenbuterol on Levels of ATP and Antioxidant Capacity of Myocardium in Mice 2009, 25 (7):  33-35.  Abstract + ( 1542 )   PDF ( 457053KB )   ( 983 ) Abstract: Objective To study the effects of clenbuterol on levels of LDH and antioxidant capacity of myocardium in mice. Methods The health mice were chosed and administered different dose of clenbuterol by intraperitoneal injection for 30 days. After 30 days the mice’s heart were isolated and homogenated, the levels of ATP, SOD, MDA, and GSH-PX were detected. Results The enzyme activity of ATP, SOD and GSH-PX seemed to be reduced, while the levels of MDA tended to be elevated with the increase of clenbuterol dosage. Conclusions Clenbuterol could decrease myocardial ATP enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity, which could result in myocardial injury.

  农业生物技术科学

  Determination and Correlation Analysis between the Contents of B vitamin and Total anthocyanin content in in different color wheat varieties 2009, 25 (7):  36-41.  Abstract + ( 1794 )   PDF ( 565111KB )   ( 721 ) There are variety of B vitamins in wheat grain, such as thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine. The objective of this study was to understand the content of B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine) in colored grain wheat, and their Patterns of variation, and provide a theoretical basis for optimization of B vitamins content in wheat breeding. A specific Ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method was developed to accurately determine content in wheat varieties with different color grains. Electrospray MS was operated in postive ion mode and monitored using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Spectrophotometry was used to determine the contents of pigment. The results indicated that there are variations in B vitamins content in Black Wheat 76 and VICTO and its twelve sib-lines of their hybridized offspring. The difference of B vitamins content for Dongjian series was also extremely significant. The contents of B vitamins and total anthocyanin in wheat grain did not show significant correlations. Deep colored grain of wheat was not rich in B vitamins. There are essential differences for B vitamins content of wheat grains among genotypes, controlled by genetic effects. Genetic improvement can raise the B vitamins content of wheat grain. The B vitamins contents are significantly different between the black grain wheat 76 and VICTO, and twelve Sib-lines of their hybridized offspring. Significant heterobeltiosis was achieved through sexual hybridization for breeding wheat cultivars with high B vitamins content.

  Bioinformatic Analysis of cAMP Receptor-like GPCRs in Magnaporthe grisea FANG Kun-Hai , , , , 2009, 25 (7):  42-46.  Abstract + ( 1631 )   PDF ( 647650KB )   ( 1104 ) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a class of important cell surface receptors, which mediate many biological pathways through G proteins. Studies on signal transduction mechanisms mediated by GPCRs and using GPCRs as drug targets have become a new hot area for research. In this study, we analyzed the cAMP receptor-like GPCR genes of Magnaporthe grisea genome sequence through bioinformatics approaches. Our results will facilitate to further understanding the structures and functions of cAMP receptor-like GPCRs.

  Study on PCR Reaction System of Inter-retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) in Lentinula edodes XIAO Yang 2009, 25 (7):  47-51.  Abstract + ( 1310 )   PDF ( 2852908KB )   ( 1074 ) Abstract:. The main factors affecting IRAP-PCR amplification were optimized in order to develop inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism marker and to establish stable IRAP reaction system in Lentinula edodes. The optimal IRAP-PCR system was as follows, within 20μl reaction system, there were 30ng template DNA, 0.3μmol/L primer, 0.3mmol/L dNTPs, 2.0mmol/L Mg2+ and 0.75U Taq DNA polymerase. The optimal annealing temperature was determined as 56.1℃ by gradient PCR. Based on the optimal IRAP-PCR system, primer combination LTR1L and MarY1L was used to amplify genomic DNA of 18 strains. Results indicated that the optimal IRAP-PCR system is reliable.

  Application of Real-time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR in Plant Disease 2009, 25 (7):  52-56.  Abstract + ( 1621 )   PDF ( 542973KB )   ( 1589 ) As an emerging technology, more and more people pay attention to the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. It has been widely used in different research areas, since it is fast, accurate, and easy use. In recent years, with the developing and more detailed of the technology, it has greatly improved the efficiency of detection and prevention and treatment in plant disease. In this review, it was introduced that real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detects plant disease infected by the fungus, bacterial virus and nematode, the design of primers and probes, the reactions and the evaluation of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.

  Multiplication Effect: A Predicted Pattern from Local Trait Vigor to Global Heterosis 2009, 25 (7):  57-61.  Abstract + ( 1583 )   PDF ( 510079KB )   ( 829 ) The puzzle of why hypothesis such as dominance or over-dominance cannot explain the heterosis mechanism properly was discussed. It is considered that global heterosis, such as heterosis of yield, does not necessarily be the result of local heterosis which could be explained fully by these hypothesis. It is proposed that, among the local traits, there is a multiplicative relationship by which the heterosis of local traits could be organized to form global heterosis .And thus, multiplicative relationship and multiplicative effect are considered to be the important basis of global heterosis. Some suggestions concerning breeding practice of hybrid rice were further discussed.

  The Effect of Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation System of Shoot Apex on Transformation Frequency of Different Genotypes of Cotton 孙旭 Sun Xu, , , , , , 2009, 25 (7):  62-66.  Abstract + ( 1286 )   PDF ( 1247616KB )   ( 917 ) The effect of Agrobacterium mediated on transformation frequency of different genotypes of cotton was studied in this experiment. Huakang6 and 06S62, were selected as the materials, which were two different genotypes of upland cotton . By changing the different of concentration of Agrobacterium, duration of infection and negative pressure, the proper transformation condition was confirmed. The results showed that the suitable conditions of Agrobacterium mediated transformation of cotton was that Huakang6, the concentration of Agrobacterium of OD6000.7, duration of infection for 10min, negative pressure for 10min was better. 06S62, the concentration of Agrobacterium of OD6000.9, duration of infection for 10min, negative pressure for 10min was better. The transformation frequency of Huakang6 was higher than that of 06S62. Its peak transformation frequency was 8.81%. Using the genetic transformation system, bar was introduced into the two genotypes of cotton, and genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants were obtained.

  A easy RNA isolation method for the stem of sweetpotato , , , , , 2009, 25 (7):  67-69.  Abstract + ( 1492 )   PDF ( 959747KB )   ( 1106 ) A simple and fast method for stem of sweetpotato RNA isolation was described and the method does not need the special protocol and expensive instruments and it can effectively remove the interference of polyphenol and polysaccharide The integrity and purification of zhe total RNA extracted was eligible by using foumaldehyde a garose gel electrophoresis and UV spectrophotometer. The RNA can be used in many fields of molecular biology such as the synthesis of cDNA and Northern hybridization.

  Primary Study on the Specifically Expression Proteins in in-vitro Cultures of Adult Citrus 2009, 25 (7):  70-72.  Abstract + ( 1466 )   PDF ( 1432900KB )   ( 946 ) Dynamic changes of proteins in in-vitro cultures of Fisher navel over periodical sub-culturings were analyzed with SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results showed that the quantity of total expression proteins in the early in-vitro cultures were lower than that in field plant, however, it increased and trended to stability in the later in-vitro cultures of Fisher navel. The expression quantity of 21 and 31 KDa proteins were increased when sub-cultured for the second cycles, and the former protein was expressed specifically in citrus. The protein of 21 KDa was also identified by mass spectrum after it was purified by modified electric elution method aided with dialysis tube. Results indicated that the sequence similarity of this protein compared with all that of proteins published in database was lower than 50%. It was suggested that this protein was a novel protein with no information about its functions, so that much work remains for realizing the effect of the protein on in-vitro culture of Fisher navel in the process of sub-culturings.

  食品科学

  Introduction on a new subsidiary legislation to pesticide residues of food in Hong Kong 2009, 25 (7):  73-76.  Abstract + ( 1278 )   PDF ( 433950KB )   ( 965 ) To better protect public health, facilitate effective regulatory control of pesticide residues in food and promote harmonisation between local and international standards, the Government proposes to introduce a new subsidiary legislation to govern pesticide residues of food in Hong Kong. Last contents, current regulations, progress of the activity, suggestions and measures against the legislation was introduced and discussed in the paper.

  Clear the Storage Characteristic of Plum fruit Based on Principle Component Analysis 2009, 25 (7):  77-81.  Abstract + ( 1669 )   PDF ( 583063KB )   ( 891 ) The principle component analysis(PCA) was used for statistic analysis on eight direction sign of post-harvest plum fruit. The results showed that all the direction indice could divide into four principal component factors, their dedicative rate was 52.774%，23.154%，15.025% and 7.987%，respectively, and the accumulative proportion was 98.941%. The integrated evaluate model on these basics showed that plum fruit mature during 0 to 4 days of storage and the quality of fruit was better in this period. The physiological change of plum fruit was senescent during 4 to 10 days of storage, the fruit lost value at the 10th day.

  Effect of Calcium Treatment on the Quality and Delaying agingof Mudong Red Bayberry 2009, 25 (7):  82-85.  Abstract + ( 1629 )   PDF ( 596321KB )   ( 1086 ) In order to provide basic theory for the optimal storage conditions and methods for Red bayberry Mudong fruits , the influences of calcium treatment(preharvest spraying Calcium) on storabilities of Red bayberry Mudong fruits were studied . Results indicate that the calcium treatments effectively retained the fruit firmness and soluble solid,titratable acid and Vc content ; calcium treatments significantly reduced the rate of fruit loss , rotten fruit rate and fruit respiration ; calcium treatments could inhibit the increase of fruit membrane permeability and MDA content , and remarkably restrain the decrease of SOD activities. Thus the storage quality is inproved and the shelf life Red bayberry Mudong can be prolonged . the effect of 0.25% CaCl2 was the best among the three kinds of calcium concentrations treatments.

  Effects of Different Fresh-keeping Agents on Storage Quality of Lingwu Long Jujube 2009, 25 (7):  86-88.  Abstract + ( 1446 )   PDF ( 498875KB )   ( 603 ) The changes of storage physiology and quality of six types fresh-keeping agents on Lingwu Long Jujube were studied in this paper.The result showed that the fumigation of 5g•m-34.5% TBZ could remarkably delayed the acid reduce rate and the change of reduced sugar conten,preferably reserved vitamin C,the percentage of hard fruit was 37.5% and accepted fruit was 94.34% after 105 days storage.

  农业基础科学

  An Improved HPLC Method for Analyzing Pyrethroids in Vegetables 2009, 25 (7):  89-93.  Abstract + ( 1368 )   PDF ( 689595KB )   ( 966 )

  Determination of Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from Macleaya cordata by GC-MS 2009, 25 (7):  94-96.  Abstract + ( 1533 )   PDF ( 440176KB )   ( 709 ) To analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil of Macleaya cordata, the essential oil was extracted from M. cordata by steam distillation, and then an analysis was conducted by applying GC-MS. The result shows that 48 ingredients have been found, and 39 of them have been identified, accounting for 92.464% of the total essential oil. The main chemical components of M. cordata are: 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol（11.270%）, Benzoic acid, 4-nitroso-, ethyl ester（11.178%）, 2-Hexenal, (E)-（10.415%）, Cedrol（7.371%）, 2-Undecanone, 6,10-dimethyl-（6.929%）, Phthalic acid, isobutyl octyl ester （5.700%）, 2-Phenylpropenal（4.509%）etc.

  林业科学

  Studies on regeneration of major canopy tree in Malan forest region on the Loess Plateau 2009, 25 (7):  97-102.  Abstract + ( 1386 )   PDF ( 542950KB )   ( 609 ) The demography of seedling and sapling populations of five tree species was studied in dominanted Quercus liaotungensis and Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Malan forest region on the Loess Plateau. The results showed the seedling and saplings of Q. liaotungensis, Acer ginnala and Acer grosseri dominated the understory of the forest, with high densities and occurrence frequencies. P. tabulaeformis and Taxicodendron vernicifluum had abundant seedlings but few saplings. The inverse J-shaped size structure indicated the continuous regeneration and the existence of persistent seedling banks and sapling banks. Q. liaotungensis seedlings occurred more likely in the gaps, suggesting that canopy gaps might be contribute to the regeneration of this species. Therefore, it seemed that advance regeneration by seedling bank under the canopy was as important as new regeneration in gaps as a strategy to maintain dynamics of Q. liaotungensis population. A. ginnala and A. grosseri seedlings and saplings were more inclined to occupy the forest floor under the canopy, due to their strong shade tolerance and/or shade avoidance. Seedling/sapling bank was a main strategy for regeneration of A. ginnala and A. grosseri. In terms of regeneration strategies, the key to understanding the coexistence of the principle co-occurred species were different regeneration niches including other factors such as the different ecological properties of the seedlings/saplings.

  Effects of the heating treatment on the dimensional stability of planted Chinese fir 2009, 25 (7):  103-108.  Abstract + ( 1596 )   PDF ( 944245KB )   ( 750 ) This paper deals with the water absorption of planted Chinese fir treated by hot air and hot vegetable oil respectively for different processing times and temperatures were reported, the water repellence efficiencies(RWE)、anti-shrink efficiencies(ASE) and surface contact angles of samples which were treated by heating treatment were determined, and changing rules of main components of heat treated samples were investigated by using chemical analyzing method. The results showed that heat-treatment evidently decreased the water absorption of treated samples compared to the reference samples, the higher the temperature and longer the heat-treating times, the higher the RWE and ASE, in addition, the effect of heat medium on the dimensional stability of samples were obvious, the dimensional stability of the samples when the treatment in hot oil appeared to be slightly higher than that of samples when the treatment in hot air under the same conditions for processing temperatures and times. The chemical analysis of wood component indicated the mechanisms of heat treatment on improving dimensional stability of wood mainly be attributed to chemical changes of wood cell wall components such as the degradation of the most hemicelluloses and less cellulose during heat treatment.

  Interspecific Relations of Herbage Species under Artificial Pinus tabulaeformis Forests 2009, 25 (7):  109-113.  Abstract + ( 1569 )   PDF ( 729570KB )   ( 710 ) The herbage species under artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forests in Chengde ciunty were regarded as the main study object in this paper,and the interspecific relations of 595 pairs of species were studies byχ2-test,Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.The results indicate that(1) In showing the associations of the species,Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test is more sensitive thanχ2-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test.(2)The number of negative correlation pairs of species are more than positive correlation; the pr oportion of significant and very significant pairs of species is low;it means that most species are not closely related with each other and independently distributed and the communities are in the phase succession.(3)The positive correlations between species-pairs are the indication of niche overlap and owe to the similar biological adaptability; The negative correlations between species-pairs are the results of niche separation.

  Based on MapObject forest resources statistical table automatic generating system 2009, 25 (7):  114-117.  Abstract + ( 1370 )   PDF ( 475951KB )   ( 763 ) This article takes the object of study by the Henan Province Nayang Neixiang County valuable day graceful state-level nature protection area , take GIS module MapObject, database and Visual C++ programming tool as technical support, has established this local forest resources statistical table automatic generating system. This system major function is from two kind of cruising data the automatic extraction forest resources each kind of statistical returns, and supports the output, the printing.

  EFFECT OF FESTUCA ARUNDINACEAS GROWTH WITH THE DIFFERENT SOILLESS MEDIUM 2009, 25 (7):  118-121.  Abstract + ( 1528 )   PDF ( 481705KB )   ( 844 ) We made Festuca Arundinacea growing experimentation with the new soilless medium that made of Humus、ashes、peat in different volumetric proportions. Observation contain the physical and chemical properties, the growth index and biology quantity of The Festuca Arundinacea. Then analyse the Variance of the growth index of the four medium, all the Analysis comes to a conclusion: the best soilless medium is medium C.

  农艺科学

  Effects of Cultivation Pattern on yield and Water Use Efficiency and Production Cost of Rice Lvhanyihao 2009, 25 (7):  122-126.  Abstract + ( 1520 )   PDF ( 466451KB )   ( 683 ) Effects of cultivation pattern on yield and water use efficiency and production cost of rice Lvhanyihao was studied by use of random complete block in open field.The result showed that yield of rice cultivated in plastic film mulching increased by 6.5% and significantly higher than that in water(as acheck) under the soame conditions of seeding and transplanting time.The growth period of direct sowing shortened 15～25 days and the yield decrease 9.2% compared with control. Lvhanyihao had higher water use efficiency and needed less irrigated water in drying cultivation pattern. Of all the treatments, production efficiency and water use rate in film mulching drying cultivation were both highest and were 8.3 and 3.2 times of the control, respectively. The highest net income was obtained in drying boardcast sowing followed by less water drilling, unarmed transplanting, plastic film mulching and straw mulching. It is suggested that Lvhanyihao could be produced by broadcast sowing and irrigating little water in regions of lack of water and labor.

  Grain weight improving mechanism of deep tilling root cutting in high yield winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 2009, 25 (7):  127-131.  Abstract + ( 1305 )   PDF ( 878114KB )   ( 788 ) Grain weight improving mechanism of deep tilling root cutting in high yield winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lu Bu1, Yu Songlie2, Yu Zhenwen2, Miao Guoyuan3 (1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regeinal Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, 2.Shandong Agricultural University，Tai`an 271018, 3.Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801) Abstract: For having a better understanding of deep tilling root cutting (DTRC) improving grain weight in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 2 varieties are employed in a 4 treatments trail in 1997-1999. Several physiologic indexes were tested after anthesis of the wheat. The results indicated that DTRC can improve wheat to have a better “source activity ”with denying peak of Pn in flag leaf, denying leaf aging by more chlorophyll and improving root activity. DTRC can enhance wheat “sink activity” with higher SS activity and higher ATP content in youth spikes. DTRC cause leaf SPS more active, help to “flow” 3-PGA to sucrose more effectively. A mechanic model was established to summary the physiologic mechanism of DTRC improving grain weight in high yield winter wheat.

  Genetic Differences of Agronomic Characters among Near-isogenic lines of Fertility Restorer Genes for K-type Sterile Line in Wheat 2009, 25 (7):  132-136.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 477977KB )   ( 750 ) Abstract: The characterization of genetic backgrounds is favorable to select good near-isogenic lines (NILs). Seventeen Near-isogenic lines (N1-N17) for fertility restorer genes of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in wheat were bred By successive backcrossing and individual selection，and their agronomic characters such as plant height, spike number per plant, length of the flag leaf, width of the flag leaf, length of the second leaf under spike, neck length, length of the first joint under spike, length of the second joint under spike, spike length and spikelet number were measured. Genetic difference comparisons between the NILs and the K-type sterile line and clustering analysis were carried out in this paper. The results indicated that the genetic backgrounds of 17 NILs were highly accordant to that of the sterile line after 5 successive backcrossing. N14, N1, N7, N16, N15 and the sterile line Yumai 3 were classed into the same group, but N1 and N15 had greater variation, so N14, N7 and N16 were better NILs.

  Effect Of Usage Of Nitrogen On Group Development And Feeding Quality Of Triticale Dongnong 96026 , , , 2009, 25 (7):  141-144.  Abstract + ( 1512 )   PDF ( 542960KB )   ( 748 ) In order to obtain higher yield and better quality for feed of “Dongnong96026” in Harbin of Heilongjiang Province, we start the study base on the density and nitrogen fertilizer and using Split-plot design. Through four plant densities treatments(7.5million basic seedling per hectare, 6million basic seedling per hectare, 4.5million basic seedling per hectare, 3million basic seedling per hectare) and three N fertilizer application levels(75kg/hm2, 150kg/hm2, 225kg/hm2), we studying the effect of density and N level on yield and feeding quality of triticale. The result indicated that lower density and higher N level were beneficial to biological yield and feeding quality. The best quality was found in this treatment of 4.5million basic seedling per hectare and 150kg/hm2.

  Breeding of high quality and high yield genic male sterility hybrid variety shuangyouza No.1 in Brassica napus 2009, 25 (7):  145-148.  Abstract + ( 1144 )   PDF ( 526878KB )   ( 647 ) Shuangyouza No.1 was bred by Institute of industrial Crops Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,it was recessive genic male sterility “two-line” hybrid with high quality, high yield ,resistant to cold and virus disease, tolerance to Scleroinia Scleroliorum and wide adaptablity. The average yield was 2731.2kg/hm2 in Henan province regional test of high quality, it outyielded the check variety Za98009 by 8.58%. Its yield was 2489.1kg/hm2 in Henan province productive regional test of high quality, it outyielded the check variety Za98009 by 3.93%. The seeds quality was very good in which near zero erucic acid in fat acid, 18.85μmol/g glucosinolates in it’s meal, the oil content was 40.96%.

  植物生理科学

  The Effects of NaCl, Light and Temperature on the Activities of GPX of the Embryogenic Callus in Longan CHEN Yi-Ting , , , , , , 2009, 25 (7):  149-153.  Abstract + ( 1970 )   PDF ( 645051KB )   ( 810 ) In this experiment the Line LC2 of longan embryogenic callus was used as the material for the study on the changing tendency of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities in the embryogenic callus of longan under the stress of salt (NaCl), light, and temperature. The results showed that: (1) compared with the control, the short-time salt treatment enhanced the activity of GPX, and with the time of stress prolonged, the activities of GPX under low-salt stress treatment ascending first and then descending, while it showed the downtrend under high-salt stress treatment; (2) under the treatment of the white light and green light, with the light intensity increased, the activities of GPX ascending first and then descending, and when the light intensity was the same, the activities of GPX was higher under the treatment of the white light than the green light; (3) under the treatment of low-temperature (high-temperature), with the temperature decreased (increased), the activities of GPX in the embryogenic callus of longan ascending first and then descending compared with those of the control. The above results indicated that under a certain stress, GPX played a role in response to external stimulation, and had a regular expression, and it was one of the main indicators of ROS injury defense under stress.

  Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Physiology and Biochemistry of Tree Peony under High 2009, 25 (7):  154-157.  Abstract + ( 1475 )   PDF ( 708729KB )   ( 947 ) Effects of AMF on physiological and biochemical Indexes of tree-peony seedlings were investigated with pot experiment under high temperature stress.Results showed that under the same high temperature,root activity,chlorophyll(a+b) content,proline content,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of mycorrhizal seedlings were higher and conductivity and MDA content were lower than those of control.With the temperature increasing,the decrease rates of chlorophyll(a+b) content and soluble protein content of mycorrhizal seedlings were lower,the increasing extent of conductivity and MDA content were lower and the increasing extent of proline content and soluble sugar content were higher than those of control.This showed that AMF improved the resisting heat of tree peony.

  Effects of high phosphorus on phosphorus absorption, transportation and use efficiency of tobacco 2009, 25 (7):  162-165.  Abstract + ( 1264 )   PDF ( 512602KB )   ( 861 ) Hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effects of high phosphorus on the phosphorus absorption, absorption and use efficiency of tobacco. Compared with normal phosphorus (0.66mmol.L-1 H2PO4-) treatment, high phosphorus (3.30-6.6 mmol•L-1 H2PO4-) significantly decreased the biomass, and increased inorganic phosphorus content of tobacco. Along with the increase of phosphorus concentration (0-6.60mmol.L-1) , the phosphorus concentration ratio of tomato’s upper-position leaves to roots dropped, showing high phosphorus inhibited the transportation of phosphorus from the roots to the tip in tomato plants. The phosphorus use efficiency of high phosphorus treatment decreased significantly by 31.25%-37.5%, compared with normal phosphorus treatment.

  土壤肥料科学

  Application Effects of Controlled-release（ Slow-release ）and Compound Fertilizer in Drought Spring Sorghum and Effects on Available Nitrogen in the Different Soil Layers , , , , 2009, 25 (7):  166-170.  Abstract + ( 1426 )   PDF ( 629338KB )   ( 656 ) Abstract: The study was designed two types of fertilizers and two ways of fertilizations for comparative research, and analyzed the variations of available N in the different treatments using randomized blocks design, in order to finding the best way of fertilization, the maximum water and nitrogen utilization and decreasing the environmental pollution. The result showed that, there were significant variations between the different fertilizers and the different fertilizations, respectively. 1 Compared SRCF (Slow-release and compound fertilizer) with CCF (general compound fertilizer) at the same total nutrient content, the yield and the N agronomic efficiency, the N apparent efficiency, the N physiological efficiency increased by 27.69%~28.71%, 40.24%~42.05%, 4.18%~5.26%, 34.58%~34.95%, respectively; 2 Compared SAF(Spring application fertilizer) with AAF（Autumn application fertilizer），there was no significant variation in yield, N efficiency ,etc. 3 In 0-60cm soil layer, the available N content of CCF was higher than that of SRCF in seedling stage, but the jointing stage was in contrast. The available N of soil was decreased with the plant growing, and the peak of available N appeared 0-20cm soil layer by SAF, but 20-40cm soil layer appeared by AAF. 4 The available N content of two types of fertilizers had significant variation in 0-60cm soil layer in seedling stage, but after jointing stage, it was no significant variation. 5 The available N mainly existed in 0-60cm soil layer, and the lowest point was in 60cm soil layer. Below the 60cm soil layer, it was rebounded.

  Effects of Mineral Elements Formulas on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Red Fuji Apple Trees 2009, 25 (7):  171-175.  Abstract + ( 1450 )   PDF ( 524509KB )   ( 750 ) To explore the influences of mineral elements formulas on yield ,the content of chlorophyll,leaf photosynthesis rates ,transpiration rates and stomatal conductance of Red Fuji apple trees was conducted in two years. Results showed that the optimal quantity offertilization of improving the content of chlorophyll was Fe 30g each tree. The optimal quantity offertilization of improving the leaf photosynthesis rates and transpiration rates were Zn 80g，Mg 50g and Ca 150g each tree. The optimal quantity offertilization of improving stomatal conductance of Red Fuji Apple Trees were Zn 40g、Mg 50g and Ca 150g each tree. The influences of B on photosynthetic characteristics of Red Fuji apple trees was insignificant.Consequently, The optimal quantity offertilization of improving photosynthetic characteristics of Red Fuji apple trees were Fe 0 g、Zn 40g、Mg 50g and Ca 150g each tree.

  Improvement of the Determining Method of Nitrate Nitrogen in Compost Process 2009, 25 (7):  176-178.  Abstract + ( 1458 )   PDF ( 466761KB )   ( 1088 ) The influences of several pretreatment conditions to nitrate nitrogen of contents of the composting process tested by UV-spectrophotometry are analyzed are compared with phenoldisulfonic acid colorimetry. The result showed that there is no difference between the nitrate nitrogen testing value of the phenoldisulfonic acid colorimetry and that of the UV-spectrophotometry, which the sample is extracted by KCl solutions and ultrasonic wave, and is treated by activated carbon. Also the influence of organic substance is removed and the operation is simple and convenient. The recovery of the modified method is 96%～108% and the coefficient of variation is 1.7%～5.5%.

  Quality Evaluation of the Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel’s as Organic Manure Luo Ying,, Liu Zhuang,, Gao Ling,, Wang Haihui,, Li Chunhua,, Liu Guodao 2009, 25 (7):  179-182.  Abstract + ( 1402 )   PDF ( 515981KB )   ( 942 ) Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel is a kind of poisonous weed. At present, it is expanding more and more in southwestern part in China day by day, which is severely dangerous. Up to now, there is not an effective method to control them. Recently, people are gradually shifting from the management and control of E. adenophorum to the exploration and utilization of it, trying to transform the disadvantages to the advantages. The content of mineral nutrient elements in the 12 samples of E. adenophorum form Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi province or autonomous region were analysed, and evaluated its quality of organic manure. The result shows that E. adenophorum belong to the second class organic fertilizer.

  园艺园林科学

  The selection on breeding of autotetraploid eggplant 2009, 25 (7):  183-187.  Abstract + ( 1471 )   PDF ( 507612KB )   ( 647 ) Abstract: At the lower generation（C5）of the autotetraploid eggplant, plant shape index and the ratio of the well-balanced plants (9.19%)are low. The average shape index for 12 strains of the three different female parents is 0.4779. But it’s genetic rate is : h2B = 96.39% ±3.52%. Plant shape index shows strong minus correlation with average fruiting ability, it’s relique interrelated coefficient is: rg=-0.9989 and correlative heritability is: hxy= -95.22%.Going with the increase of recurrent generations and augment of genetic stability, plant shape index shows strong linear positive correlation not only with total yield(rg=0.8871，hxy=86.18% ) but also with prematurity which can incarnate the prophase yield（rg=0.9592,hxy=93.64%）. The shape index shows strong genetic correlation with plant height, stem width, plant diameter, foil index and the first node.The genetic ability and it’s indirect seletion rate show as the followings:fiol index＞ plant diameter＞ the first node ＞stem width ＞plant height.Among these numerical values, plant height, stem width and the first node are negative, but the foil index and plant diameter are positive, as same as the seletion direction. Key words: autotetraploid；eggplant；shape index；genetic variation；correlative selection

  Analysis of Correlations between Heterosis of Net Photosynthetic Rate and Agronomic Character in Pepper (Capsicum annuum.L) Zou Xuexiao,, Ma Yanqing,, Zhang Zhuqing,, Chen Wenchao,, Dai Xiongze,, Li Xuefeng,, Cao Xiaobing 2009, 25 (7):  188-192.  Abstract + ( 1378 )   PDF ( 496175KB )   ( 581 ) In order to breed high-yield hybrid pepper varieties, this study was conducted to analyse the correlation between heterosis of net photosynthetic rate and agronomic character in pepper by the use of 15 combinations hybridized from 6 parents by (1/2)n (n-1) diallel crosses. The results indicated that the heterosis over the mean parental value (mid-parent heterosis) of net photosynthetic rate in pepper was relatively greatly affected by leaf blade and phytophthora resistance at the early phase of flowering and fruiting; then mainly influenced by leaf blade, plant growth vigour and branching ability at the medium phase, which had relatively great effects on fruit growth, yield formation and nutrient content; and then mainly affected by plant growth vigour and branching ability at the late phase, which exerted relatively great effects on yield formation and disease resistance. The heterobeltiosis was more greatly influenced by leaf blade, CMV and phytophthora resistance than by plant growth vigour and branching ability at the early, medium and late phases of flowering and fruiting, which had relatively great effects on fruit growth, yield formation, dry matter and cellulose content.

  Responses of photosynthesis and PSII photochemistry activities to chilling treatment under low irradiance in two cultivars of pepper 2009, 25 (7):  193-197.  Abstract + ( 1158 )   PDF ( 1390379KB )   ( 740 ) Responses of photosynthesis and PSII photochemistry activities to chilling treatment under low irradiance, a simulated unfavorable condition of sunshine greenhouse in deep winter, were investigated in two cultivars of pepper with different chilling sensitivity. Chilling treatment (15℃/5℃, day/night) under low irradiance (100 μmol•m-2•s-1, 12h photoperiod) for 1~7 days resulted in less decreases in carboxylation efficiency (CE), stomatal conductance (Gs), photosynthesis capacity and maximum regeneration of RuBP in chilling-tolerant pepper “Jiamusi” than in chilling-sensitive pepper “Longjiao No. 6”. Chilling treatment under low irradiance for 1~7 days had little effects on Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡand qP in Jiamusi. But such treatment caused decreases in Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡand qP in longjiao No. 6 after 3 days. The Gs of Longjiao No. 6 was highly sensitive to chilling treatment under low irradiance, and the maximum Gs decreased by 66.41% in Longjiao No. 6, but only by 15.20% in Jiamusi when treated 1 day. In Longjiao No. 6, Pn could not be detected when treated 1 day, but in Jiamusi it could be until treated 5 days. Chloroplast pigments contents decreased in leaves of both two cultivars of pepper during chilling treatment under low irradiance. Chla / Chlb ratios changed little, and Car / ChlT ratios reduced in leaves of Jiamusi, but Chla / Chlb ratios and Chla / Chlb ratios increased in leaves of Longjiao No. 6 under low temperature and low irradiance. During the treatment, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were higher in Jiamusi than in Longjiao No. 6. Chilling treatment under low irradiance for 1~3 days enhanced the activities of SOD, APX and GR simultaneously in Jiamusi. But GR activity was not enhanced as the activities of SOD and APX in Longjiao No. 6 during the treatment.

  Changes of Quality-related Factors during Fruit Growth and Development of 2009, 25 (7):  198-201.  Abstract + ( 1448 )   PDF ( 559919KB )   ( 792 ) 【OBJECTIVE】To provide relative evidence for the regulation of flat peach fruit quality and to determine the proper time for fruit picking, the changes of quality-related factors during fruit growth and development of flat peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. Yingger) were studied at present research.【METHOD】Flat peach fruits of "Yingger" were picked every 10 days during fruit growth and development. Vertical diameter, horizontal diameter, fresh weight, soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and ascorbic acid were measured during storage.【RESULTS】The results showed that the whole fruit development period of Yingger flat peach was around 100 to 110 days after fully blossom. The changes of horizontal and vertical diameters showed the same trend with the change of fresh weight. Soluble solid content increased till 70 days after fully blossom and then decreased smoothly. Besides, ascorbic acid increased steadily till 50 days after fully blossom, and then decreased. After 90 days, ascorbic acid content increased a bit and stayed constant until picking, while the content of titratable acidity declined all the time. 【CONCLUSION】Thus, Yingger flat peach shows its own characteristics in Xinjiang and the best time for picking up the fruit is around 100 days after fully blossom.

  Growth Characters of the Mycelium and Food Body of Different Strains of Pleurotus ferulae and Pleurotus nebrodensis Chen Qingjun, Cheng Jihong 2009, 25 (7):  202-205.  Abstract + ( 1387 )   PDF ( 1221196KB )   ( 666 ) Abstract: 2 Pleurotus nebrodensis strains and 2 Pleurotus ferulae strains were used as the materials for the antagonistic test and cultivation test. The results showed that there were great distinguish on morphology and growth characters of the mycelium and food body under the different temperature between them. The days of the mycelium of the Pleurotus nebrodensis strains fully colonized in the PDA slant were 3-5days earlier than the Pleurotus ferulae strains. So as in the cultivate bag. There were obvious antagonistic lines and non-growth region between them. The primordium appeared easily in tube slant medium under the low temperature 15-25℃ of the both mycelium. The color of the fruit body and the time of producing food bodies of the Pleurotus ferulae changed largely with the different sowing time. In autumn the time of producing food bodies were delay with the sowing time delay of the Pleurotus nebrodensis ，but the fruit body morphology had no change. The average biological efficiencies had no significant difference between two strains.

  Studies on the Relationships between Sucrose Accumulation and Related Enzymes Activities in Developing ‘Shuguang’ Peach Fruit 2009, 25 (7):  206-209.  Abstract + ( 1396 )   PDF ( 631273KB )   ( 735 ) The changes of sucrose accumulation and related enzyme activities in sugar metabolism were studied with ‘Shuguang’ peach during fruit development. The results showed that fructose and glucose were the main soluble sugar at the early development stage, and then declined gradually with fruit developing. On other hand, the sucrose content increased significantly and become the mostly sugar at the later stage of fruit development. The correlation analysis indicated that the activities of the cell wall-bounded acid invertase and soluble neutral invertase had significant negative correlation with sucrose contents in the whole stage of fruit development. Moreover, the activity of sucrose synthase also showed a highly positive correlation with sucrose accumulation during fruit development. It is concluded that the sucrose accumulation in ‘Shuguang’ peach fruit mainly dominated by invertase and sucrose synthase.

  Study on Landscape Diversity of the Roads Greenbelts in Zhengzhou city 2009, 25 (7):  210-213.  Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 454293KB )   ( 886 ) According to landscape ecology， based on qualitative and quantitative analysis， the paper firstly analyses landscape ecological construction indicators about the Roads Greenbelts such as landscape diversity index， landscape dominance index， landscape evenness index in Zhengzhou city .Four types of the greenbelt landscape：the composition of the plant community，the number of the species， the level as well as the color of plants are considered for the study of the landscape diversity， whose application and influence on the road greenbelts are also analyzed．The result shows that the landscape diversity of the road greenbelts in Zhengzhou city is of little difference on the analysis of the composition of the plant community， so the composition of the whole is simple and the types are few； But the diversity index is the biggest on the analysis of the species， which shows that there are much difference on species for the different road greenbelts in Zhengzhou city； The diversity index is a bit low from the point of the level．which shows that there is little difference between different parts of the greenbelts； The diversity index is a bit high from the point of the color， which shows that there is difference between different parts of the greenbelts . and the predominance is the highest， so one type of color is dominant among those colors of the greenbelts．

  植物保护科学

  Impact of transgenic Bt cotton on non-target insects Ma Hui, Xia Xiaoming, Zhou Yu, Zhao Ming, Wang Hongyan 2009, 25 (7):  214-218.  Abstract + ( 1836 )   PDF ( 494472KB )   ( 642 ) The impact of transgenic Bt cotton on non-target pest, natural enemies and economic insects along with impact factors were discussed in this article. Numerous studies indicated that the transgenic Bt cotton make the population of the secondary pests which are not susceptible to Bt protein in plant increase evidently or show aggravating trend，but there are no evidences proving that the transgenic Bt cotton have direct stimulative effect on the occurring of other pests in the cotton field. After the exotic Bt gene introduced into cotton genome, the changes of content of important cotton nutrition and form frame of cotton leaf maybe affect the number of cotton pests population directly. And transgenic Bt cotton field is more in favor of the occurring and harming of the secondary insects originally fed on other plant. The pests population number and Bt protein also affect the enemy number directly or indirectly. Now, many studies indicated that the transgenic Bt cotton have no evident impact to economic insects such as silkworm and bee etc.

  Evaluation of the uncertainty of measurement for determination residue of pyrethroids pesticide in vegetables by GC 2009, 25 (7):  219-222.  Abstract + ( 1295 )   PDF ( 617553KB )   ( 632 ) The uncertainty of measurement for determination residue of pyrethroids in vegetable and fruit by GC method was evaluated. Many Possible sources of uncertainty of measurement in this measurement were analyzed by developing mathematic model and concluding mathematic expression of uncertainty in this measurement. With the use of standard samples, each standard uncertainty was calculated, thus the combined standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty were determined.

  Identification techniques and Screening of Sharp Eyespot Resistance of Wheat 2009, 25 (7):  223-226.  Abstract + ( 1402 )   PDF ( 473475KB )   ( 1113 ) Abstract: Wheat Sharp eyespot (Rhizoctonia cerealis vander hoeven) has already been the main disease of wheat in the Yellow-Huai and Yangtze river valley region, it is frequently and severely occurred recently. Screening of resistant materials is the prerequisite of wheat breeding for controlling the disease. In this paper we implemented two inoculation methods, the toothpick embedding and grain embedding methods, respectively,, and found the grain embedding method had better effect than that of toothpick. 439 wheat from Yellow-Huai and Yangtze river valley and CIMMITY were then inoculated by using grain embedding method, results showed that materials were different in resistant level obviously. The strategic of breeding for controlling sharp eyespot was also discussed.

  Application of the Genetic Engineering in Breeding for Flax Disease Resistance 2009, 25 (7):  227-229.  Abstract + ( 1322 )   PDF ( 473671KB )   ( 829 ) The study was discussed on the research progress of the genetic engineering in breeding for flax disease resistance:(1) Clone and molecular markers for flax disease resistance.(2) Research progress in resistance genetic modification.(3) Some questions about genetic modification for flax.

  生态农业科学

  Stemflow rate research of Zea mays L Nie Wenguo, Zhang Dunming, Xu Xianying, Tang Jinnian, Jin Hongxi 2009, 25 (7):  230-234.  Abstract + ( 1652 )   PDF ( 620640KB )   ( 866 ) Abatract: Using Sap Flow System, the daily changes rule, seasonal changes rule and water consumption of stem-flux of the main crops-maize which was planted in oasis edge of the desert were tested. The results showed that the daily changes of maize stem-flux had a single peak curve at 14:00 pm and the peak value was 69.7303 gm/hr. The highest value of the daily changes of maize stem-flux occured in July (Mean Value) and was 68.71 gm/hr in the whole growth period. 67500 individual/ha of maize density calculating water consumption of stemflow, the peak period of water consumption of maize stem-flux was in June, July and August during the growing season, physiological water of three months for transpiration was 6478.2 m3/hm2. A total of physiological water in May and September was 160m3.The water requirement in the whole growth was 8878.2 m3/hm2, compared with the cultivation of medicinal plants-Astragalus in the same conditions, water requirement was more 4678.2 m3/hm2. In addition, stem-flux of maize and photon density(PFD), air temperature(Tair)，relative humidity(RH), vapor pressure deficit(VPD) of environmental factors had a close relationship. By regression analysis, the regression equation between maize and their impact factors were gained. This provides with the data basis of physiological water requirement of maize for planting maize in oasis edge of the desert.

  Studies on the rhizosphere microorganism of theglasshouse cucumber wilt disease Yu Wenying, Zheng Hong, Zhang Shaosheng 2009, 25 (7):  235-238.  Abstract + ( 1379 )   PDF ( 620519KB )   ( 871 ) Under Fusarium oxysporum(Scl11．)f．sp．cucumerinum owen stress, the rhizosphere microorganism population fluctuation for cucumber was analyzed at diferent living stages of plants, soil texture and solar greenhouse soil continuous cropping in Super Corporation. With the year increased and the soil sandy increased，the glasshouse cucumber’s wilt disease increased. While the number of fungi appeared an liner increase, the number of bacteria，actinomyce as well as total micmflora showed a trend with a saddle—shaped curve. Fusarium oxysporum were mainly physiology groups. Namely, and it was higher in loam soil than those in sandy soil. The quantity of rhizosphere fungi and actinomyces increased markably at flowering phase and fruiting period． Respectively, however， a sharp dicrease happened at flowering phase for rhizosphere bacterium quantity．

  Analysis of Terrestrial Ecosystem Productivity and Its Carrying Capacity in Heilongjiang Province 2009, 25 (7):  239-242.  Abstract + ( 1581 )   PDF ( 570579KB )   ( 639 ) Terrestrial ecosystem productivity and its carrying capacity are the important index of ecological carrying. With observational daily meteorological data, areas data of terrestrial ecosystem, output data of livestock and marine product in Heilongjiang Province from 1967 to 2006, based on the overall views of terrestrial ecosystem productivity, the model calculation methods were applied, the terrestrial ecosystem productivity and its carrying capacity were analyzed. The results show that the total average yearly productivity of terrestrial ecosystem was 1.67×1011 kg DM• a-1 in Heilongjiang Province from 1967 to 2006, the total average yearly productivity of forest, agriculture, grassland and wetland were respectively 0.85×1011,0.43×1011 ,0.13×1011 and 0.25×1011 kg DM• a-1, the total average yearly carrying capacities were respectively 0.85×108、0.72×108 and 0.63×108 under three consumption levels of well-off, comparatively well-off and surplus consumption levels. The total yearly productivity of terrestrial ecosystem were respectively 2.21×1011, 2.32×1011 and 2.41×1011 kg DM• a-1 in 2020, 2050 and 2100, the total carrying capacities were respectively 1.15×108,0.98×108, 0.88×108；1.22×108,1.03×108,0.94×108；1.27×108,1.07×108,0.98×108 for the above consumption levels in Heilongjiang Province. The total population is 0.38×108 at present in Heilongjiang Province, the food export capacity is considerably powerful under surplus consumption levels for Heilongjiang Province, the status of Heilongjiang Province is important for the food safety strategy in China.

  The Application of Ecology in Soil Rehabilitation for Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi 2009, 25 (7):  243-245.  Abstract + ( 1659 )   PDF ( 466921KB )   ( 1246 ) As a functional link between soil and roots，arbuscular mycorrhiza Fungi can not only give a direct influence to the physiological function, such as the plant mineral nutrition, the growth, the natural resistance, the disease resistance and many other aspects, but also take an indirect impact on the growth of the host plant through the structure of the soil and the biotic community. This article makes a summary on it in the above various aspects brief application. In addition, the viewpoints those use the molecular biology technology for AMF taxonomy system and so on for the further study to AMF

  农业资源与环境科学

  The study on rainfall distributing rule with landform of hill and gully 2009, 25 (7):  246-249.  Abstract + ( 1476 )   PDF ( 555354KB )   ( 816 ) Based on the rainfall observation with different elevation(1158m、1270m、1341m、1407m),and different slop directions(peak、positive slop、shade slop、positive chimb slop、shade chimb slop) about 20 observation station. The research results showed that without the influence of slop direction the rainfall increase first and reduce then, in the same elevation the rainfall distributing rule with different slop directions is shade chimb slop>shade slop>peak>positive chimb slop>positive slop,and the conditions of different elevation is the same.

  Fijian Province Formalization Poultry Breeding Farm Methane Resources Investigation and the Analysis Ye Xia, Huang Huizhu, Ruan Miaohong, Xu Qingxian 2009, 25 (7):  250-253.  Abstract + ( 1370 )   PDF ( 598312KB )   ( 891 )

  热带农业科学

  The comparative analysis of tropical fruits’ production advantage in Hainan Liu Haiqing, Hu Shenghong 2009, 25 (7):  254-257.  Abstract + ( 1693 )   PDF ( 506009KB )   ( 854 ) After China had been a member of WTO,along with subscribing of the ,the tropical fruit industry in Hainan will be faced with the challenge of the market of national and international,exerting the comparative advantages of the tropical fruit sufficiently had been the consensus of the development of Hainan economy.Along with the improve of the standard of living,the demand for tropical fruit will be strict than ever,the planting structure of primary products will be faced with adjusting too,how to adapt the needs of the market,and exerting the comparative advantages of the tropical fruit sufficiently will be very important.This paper based on the comparative advantages,calculating the comparative advantages of the tropical fruits in Hainan province,meanwhile,this paper also puts farward some suggestion on the development of the tropical fruit industry in Hainan province.

  农业信息科学

  A wireless data transmission system based on nRF2401 2009, 25 (7):  258-263.  Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 567267KB )   ( 2296 ) Nonstandard wireless data communication is realized, based on the RF chip nRF2401 for the 2.4GHz ISM band. The main characteristics of nRF2401 are introduced. The hardware interface circuit between the +5V microchip AT89C51 and nRF2401 is designed to solve the problem of level conversion. The control process of software is introduced in detail. Actual operation indicates that the system can be easily controlled, it run steadily, and the bi-directional data transfer is realized.

  Grey relational analysis based on space concept and evaluation research on cost-benefit of wheat 2009, 25 (7):  264-267.  Abstract + ( 1292 )   PDF ( 679218KB )   ( 736 ) From grey relational analysis, this paper used a space distance formula that put together the best relational degree with the worst relational degree. From that, a comprehensive degree can be got. And through researching cost-benefit of wheat-producing areas , a new way of thinking has been provided.

  Economic Analysis of rural Information products market Ma Mingyuan, Qin Xiangyang 2009, 25 (7):  268-271.  Abstract + ( 1087 )   PDF ( 592289KB )   ( 592 ) The problem of China’s rural information products market is caused by the multi-factors at the present stage, but the author believes that the key questions in rural information market are the information asymmetry and externalities. On this basis we mainly study these kinds of elements of enterprises and peasant household: the Prisoner’s Dilemma, lemon market, price increase and the negative external effects which due to the special nature and information asymmetry of the rural information market.

  农业工程科学

  Research about Variable Rate Fertilization closed-loop Control system of Electro-hydraulic speed 2009, 25 (7):  272-275.  Abstract + ( 1406 )   PDF ( 809503KB )   ( 729 ) Variable fertilization technology is an important part of the precision agriculture technology. Because fertilizing machine is driven by hydraulic motors, in this paper, a variable fertilization controller based on MCU was presented under the corresponding way. The controller receives orders from the field-computer through the RS232 serial port. After it carries on analysis processing, it generates the corresponding I / O port signal to control the action implementation by the driving amplification circuit. At the same time, the use of vehicle speed sensor and magnetoresistive sensor collect the speed information through the exclusive sampler. The information feedback controllers in order to achieve closed-loop control. Results show that the design of the variable fertilizer controller is suitable for the variable-operating requirements.

  Thermodynamic Characteristics of Hot-blast stove for Drying 2009, 25 (7):  276-278.  Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 544594KB )   ( 805 ) In this paper,the elementary notion of hot-blast stove for Drying is introduced,its state of the design be analyzed.And its characteristics of operation parameter are illustrated by compared with that of heating furnace.In view of the importance of heat exchanger for hot-blast stove,The differentiations are discussed between heat exchanger for hot-blast stove and remaining heat exchanger according to thermodynamic theories.

  水产渔业科学

  Tolerance of broodstock, larvae and juvenile of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) to chlorine dioxide Chen Jing-Hua 2009, 25 (7):  279-283.  Abstract + ( 1436 )   PDF ( 554227KB )   ( 586 ) Four experiments were respectively conducted to determine the tolerance of broodstock, larvae and juvenile of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) to different concentrations of chlorine dioxide for safe use in disease prevention and cure. Each experiment had six treatments with three repetitions according to the concentrations of chlorine dioxide. Each experiment last out for 24h, and data of mortality rate were respectively determined at 12h and 24h. The results showed that the safe concentrations of chlorine dioxide for broodstock, D larva, eyebot larva and juvenile were respectively 20 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 10 mg/L.

  三农问题研究

  Analysis of the status of rural labors ' employment in Jinjiang city of Fujian province Zhou Jiangmei,, Zeng Yurong, Zheng Xiaomei, Xu Shenxian, Liu Rongzhang 2009, 25 (7):  288-291.  Abstract + ( 1794 )   PDF ( 533188KB )   ( 837 ) Rural labors’ employment out of home is a main method of rural labor transfer. As a nonesuch in developed coastal areas, Jinjiang city has some own characteristics of rural labor employment.Based on the investigation to this city, some aspects, such as the characteristics of employment, the cause of deficiency in rural labors, the trend of employment in the future and countermeasures, were studied. The characteristics ,such as big amount of employment and a structural shortage of rural labor workers etc, had been analyzed. The causes include less possibility of the transfer of rural surplus labor force, industry enlargement and upgrade, employment selection under supply exceeding demand in labor force market. The enlargement of the labor force shortage would be the tend recently and the insufficient supply would be mitigated after technical progress in the long run. The government should take some measures, for example, establishing the perfect employment service system, enlarging training strength, developing labor cooperation. The enterprises should also take actions including improving the treatment of employment and making him or her have a good expectation of employment opportunities, promoting the technical transformation actively.

  Study on Leaping Development Strategy of New Countryside in Shandong--Later Development Model of Nanshan 2009, 25 (7):  292-295.  Abstract + ( 1078 )   PDF ( 549391KB )   ( 613 ) Abstract: Based on spot investigation in Nanshan Group, the paper discussed its achievement and shortages in construction of socialism new countryside, presented solutions and suggestions, and put forwad using leaping development model to realize later development.

  Character and Inspiration of Agricultural Science Popularization and Education in Taiwan-Take Butterfly Science Popularization and Education as Example 2009, 25 (7):  296-299.  Abstract + ( 1401 )   PDF ( 538873KB )   ( 792 ) The Science Popularization and Education in Taiwan are very mature. Take butterfly science popularization and education as example, they promoting science education by associations, museums and schools; popularizing butterfly knowledge and educating the importance of butterfly reserves by butterfly websites, books and periodicals, and butterfly-watching activities. Butterfly science popularization and education in Taiwan have been quite successful, their experience are worth our learning.

  From the state and social structure comparison study of village self-government and clan revival 2009, 25 (7):  304-306.  Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 423908KB )   ( 584 ) Village self-government and the revival of clan are both two big things which took place in Chinas vast rural community two big things since the 1980s,though all occurred in the rural community, but from the state and society research framework, they have essentially different. In this paper, like that at the national and social studies under the framework of these two almost simultaneous events a comparative study, this study will enrich our democratic politics, such as for rural governance, rural grassroots organizations, rural modernization, the burden on farmers, such as a series of rural issues.’’’