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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (15): 56-61.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3213

所属专题： 生物技术； 油料作物； 园艺

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

高海拔旱地油菜开花盛期光合生理特性研究

蒋菊芳 陈雷 魏育国 丁文魁 马兴祥   

  • 收稿日期:2011-11-02 修回日期:2011-12-21 出版日期:2012-05-25 发布日期:2012-05-25
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技部气象行业专项“农田水分利用效率对气候变化的响应与适应技术”和国家科技部气象行业专项“西北旱作农业对气候变暖的响应特征及其预警和应对技术研究”

Study on the Photosynthetic Physiology Characteristics of Blooming Rape in the High Altitude Dryland

  • Received:2011-11-02 Revised:2011-12-21 Online:2012-05-25 Published:2012-05-25

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摘要：

为了探索气候变化对作物光合生理特性的影响，在油菜开花盛期，采用LI-6400便携式光合仪测定祁连山高海拔旱地环境因子和油菜叶片光合生理指标，并分析油菜光合生理指标在不同年型、不同播期的差异。结果表明：油菜叶片净光合速率日变化呈双峰型曲线，存在“午休”现象，且上午的光合速率高于下午。油菜的蒸腾速率日变化呈双峰型曲线，气孔导度日变化大体呈“S”型曲线。而光合有效辐射和空气温度均呈单峰型日变化曲线，而空气湿度呈“S”型日变化曲线。通过显著性相关分析，油菜开花盛期光合有效辐射是影响叶片净光合速率的主导环境因子之一(R2=0.6916)，光合有效辐射和空气温度是蒸腾速率的主导影响因子之一(RPAR2=0.7133，RT2=0.5611)，空气湿度是气孔导度的主导影响因子之一(R2=0.5503)。湿润年油菜不论是外在环境还是植株体内在环境均处于适宜状态，作物各项光合参数均高于干旱年。分期播种的油菜叶片蒸腾速率表现出极显著性差异（P<0.001），净光合速率、气孔导度差异显著（P<0.05），细胞间隙CO2浓度差异不显著。

关键词: 植物, 植物

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence on climate change to crop’s photosynthetic physiology characteristics, the environmental factors and rape’s photosynthetic physiology indexes were measured by using LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system in rape blooming period. The rape’s photosynthetic physiology index’s difference was studied in different years and in different sowings. The results showed that: diurnal change of rape leaf’s net photosynthetic rate presented a bimodal pattern, and had a midday depression, also morning’s net photosynthetic rate high to afternoon’s. The rape’s transpiration rate presented a bimodal pattern. The stomatal conductance presented “S” pattern in all. The diurnal change of photosynthetic active radiation and temperature presented a signal pattern. The air humidity presented “S” pattern. By significantly relativity analysis, the photosynthetic active radiation was a main environmental factor which effected net photosynthetic rate in rape blooming period (R2=0.6916). The photosynthetic active radiation and temperature were main environmental factors which effected transpiration rate (RPAR2=0.7133，RT2=0.5611). The air humidity was a main environmental factor which affected the stomatal conductance (R2=0.5503). The rape not only external environment but also internal environment were all in suitable state in moist year, which rape’s photosynthetic physiology indexes were higher than in drought year. The different sowing rape’s transpiration rate showed very significantly different (P<0.001). The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance showed significantly different (P<0.05). But the intercellular CO2 concentration showed not significantly different.