氮素对茶树生长及茶园土壤环境的影响研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0433

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (16): 82-87.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0433

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

氮素对茶树生长及茶园土壤环境的影响研究进展

廖金梅(), 黄维, 李安生, 刘少群, 孙彬妹, 郑鹏()

华南农业大学园艺学院，广州 510642

收稿日期:2022-05-30 修回日期:2022-07-05 出版日期:2023-06-05 发布日期:2023-05-22
通讯作者: 郑鹏，男，1986年出生，助理研究员，博士，研究方向：茶树栽培。通信地址：510642 广东省广州市天河区五山路483号华南农业大学园艺学院，Tel：020-85287245，E-mail：zhengp@scau.edu.cn。
作者简介:
廖金梅，女，1996年出生，硕士研究生，研究方向：茶树栽培。通信地址：510642 广东省广州市天河区五山路483号华南农业大学园艺学院，Tel：020-85287245，E-mail：1940646736@qq.com。
基金资助:
广州市科技计划项目“氮素对清凉山茶主要品质成分生物合成的影响机制研究”(202102020290); 广东省自然科学基金项目“茶树叶片茸毛形成关键转录因子CsEGL3克隆和功能鉴定”(2018A030313089); 广东省自然科学基金项目“氮素对蜜兰香单丛茶主要品质成分生物合成的影响机制研究”(2021A1515012091)

Effects of Nitrogen on the Growth of Tea Trees and Soil Environment in Tea Gardens: Research Progress

LIAO Jinmei(), HUANG Wei, LI Ansheng, LIU Shaoqun, SUN Binmei, ZHENG Peng()

College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642

Received:2022-05-30 Revised:2022-07-05 Online:2023-06-05 Published:2023-05-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

茶树是一类喜氮的多年生叶用经济作物，氮肥的施用能够有效提高茶叶的经济效益。本研究从茶树中氮素营养诊断与需求量，氮素对于茶树生长以及茶园土壤环境的影响等方面进行总结。适量施氮可以提升茶叶产量及品质；调节茶园土壤微生物数量及群落多样性；还可以提高茶树的耐寒性，降低螨类的侵扰及其引起的叶片损伤症状。目前中国36%的茶园过量施肥，80%的茶园氮磷钾比例并不符合茶叶对养分的需求，导致养分利用率低，造成肥料浪费，同时对环境造成负面影响。为此如何精准把控氮肥的施用量，提高其利用效率，减少其在土壤中的损失，并解决因此造成的环境问题，是农业面源污染防治、推进生态环境综合治理的重要举措，今后可加强茶园土壤氮素损失及氮素高效利用方向的研究，进一步明确茶园氮素淋溶挥发、地表径流和氮排放量等去向及其影响因素，提升养分利用效率，削减农业面源污染负荷。

关键词: 氮素营养, 茶树, 产量, 品质, 土壤微生物

Abstract:

Tea tree is a kind of perennial cash crop which likes nitrogen, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively improve the economic benefit of tea industry. This study summarized the diagnosis and requirement of nitrogen nutrition in tea trees, and the effect of nitrogen on the growth of tea trees and soil environment in tea gardens. Moderate amount of nitrogen can improve the yield and quality of tea, and adjust the number of microorganisms and the diversity of community of tea garden soil. It can also improve the cold resistance of tea trees, and reduce the interference of mites and the symptoms of leaf injury. At present, 36% of China’s tea gardens have excessive fertilization, and the proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in 80% of the tea gardens do not meet the needs of tea on nutrients, resulting in low nutrient utilization rate and waste of fertilizer, and has caused negative impact on the environment. Therefore, how to accurately control the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, improve its utilization efficiency, reduce its loss in soil, and solve the relevant environmental problems are important measures to prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution and promote the comprehensive management of the ecological environment. In the future, we can strengthen the research on the direction of nitrogen loss and efficient utilization of nitrogen in tea garden soil, and further clarify the whereabouts and influencing factors of nitrogen leaching and volatilization, surface runoff and nitrogen emission in tea gardens, thus improving nutrient utilization efficiency and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution load.

Key words: nitrogen nutrition, tea tree, yield, quality, soil microorganism

廖金梅, 黄维, 李安生, 刘少群, 孙彬妹, 郑鹏. 氮素对茶树生长及茶园土壤环境的影响研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(16): 82-87.

LIAO Jinmei, HUANG Wei, LI Ansheng, LIU Shaoqun, SUN Binmei, ZHENG Peng. Effects of Nitrogen on the Growth of Tea Trees and Soil Environment in Tea Gardens: Research Progress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(16): 82-87.

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氮素对茶树生长及茶园土壤环境的影响研究进展

Effects of Nitrogen on the Growth of Tea Trees and Soil Environment in Tea Gardens: Research Progress

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