氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对植烟土壤酶活性与微生物总量的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0030

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对植烟土壤酶活性与微生物总量的影响,分别在湖南的浏阳永安和永州江永两地进行了150 kg/hm²氰氨化钙(T1)、150 kg/hm²氰氨化钙配施600 kg/hm²生物炭(T2)、150 kg/hm²氰氨化钙配施600 kg/hm²饼肥(T3)和常规施肥（CK,不施用氰氨化钙）4个处理,结果表明,在酶活性上,浏阳永安和永州江永两地除了酸性磷酸酶表现为CK显著高于T1、T2、T3处理的外,其他的均表现为T2和T3处理的显著高于T1处理,而T1处理的又显著高于CK的;在配施中,除了土壤脲酶活性在浏阳永安表现为T2处理效果最好但与T3处理的差异不显著外,其他的均表现T3高于T2处理,说明配施生物炭和饼肥可以提高土壤酶活性;除了土壤磷酸酶活性在移栽后的100天（后期）外,其他3种酶活性均表现为浏阳永安的效果显著优于永州江永的,这可能与两者的土壤质地（前者为红壤土后者为砂质土）的差异有关。在微生物总量上,浏阳永安和永州江永两地均表现为T1处理的显著高于CK的;浏阳永安和永州江永两地在氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施的细菌总量上均表现为T3>T2>T1>CK,在真菌总量上均表现为T1>T3>T2>CK,在放线菌总量上均表现为T1>T2>T3>CK,这说明与对照相比,施用氰氨化钙可以促进微生物总量的增加;但氰氨化钙与生物炭和饼肥配施则对植烟土壤微生物数量的影响不同,其中氰氨化钙配施生物炭和饼肥可以促进土壤中细菌总量生长,而单独施用氰氨化钙则有益于促进真菌和放线菌总量的增加。

关键词: 植烟土壤, 氰氨化钙, 土壤改良剂, 生物炭, 饼肥, 土壤脲酶, 酶活性, 微生物

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of calcium cyanamide and its combination with biochar and cake fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and total microbial biomass in tobacco planting soil, four treatments were conducted, including 150 kg/hm² calcium cyanamide (T1), 150 kg/hm² calcium cyanamide combined with 600 kg/hm² biochar (T2), 150 kg/hm² calcium cyanamide combined with 600 kg/hm² cake fertilizer (T3) and conventional fertilization (CK, no application of calcium cyanamide), in Yong’an of Liuyang and Jiangyong of Yongzhou in Hunan Province. The results showed that in terms of enzyme activity, except the acid phosphatase activity of CK treatment was significantly higher than that of T1, T2 and T3 treatments in the two test areas, the other enzyme activities of T2 and T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of T1 treatment, which were significantly higher than those of CK treatment; in the combined application, except the urease activity of T2 treatment in Yong’an was the best but there was no significant difference from T3 treatment, the other enzyme activities of T3 treatment were higher than those of T2 treatment, indicating that biochar and cake fertilizer could improve soil enzyme activity; except the phosphatase activity of Jiangyong at 100 d after transplanting (late stage) was higher than that of Yong’an, the other three enzymes’ activities in Yong’an were significantly better than those in Jiangyong, showing the difference of soil texture (the former was red soil, the latter was sandy soil). In terms of the total amount of microorganism, T1 treatment was significantly higher than CK in Yong’an and Jiangyong. In terms of the total amount of bacteria of calcium cyanamide and its combined application with biochar and cake fertilizer, the order was T3>T2>T1>CK, in terms of the total amount of fungi, the order was T1>T3>T2>CK, in terms of the total amount of actinomycetes, the order was T1>T2>T3>CK, indicating that compared with the control, the application of calcium cyanamide could promote the increase of total microbial biomass; however, the combined application of calcium cyanamide with biochar and cake fertilizer could have different effects on the microbial biomass in tobacco planting soil: the application of calcium cyanamide combined with biochar and cake fertilizer could promote the growth of total bacteria, while the application of calcium cyanamide alone is beneficial to the increase of the total amount of fungi and actinomycetes.

Key words: tobacco planting soil, calcium cyanamide, soil amendments, biochar, cake fertilizer, soil urease, enzyme activity, microorganism

中图分类号:

S572

戴林建, 陈昱安, 刘晨祥, 钟军. 氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对植烟土壤酶活性与微生物总量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(34): 97-102.

Dai Linjian, Chen Yu’an, Liu Chenxiang, Zhong Jun. Effects of Clcium Cyanamide and Its Combined Application with Biochar and Cake Fertilizer on Enzyme Activity and Total Microorganism Biomass in Tobacco Planting Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(34): 97-102.

图/表 7

图1. 氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对土壤脲酶活性的影响

图2. 氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对土壤转化酶活性的影响

图3. 氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对土壤磷酸酶活性的影响

图4. 氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响

图5. 氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对土壤细菌的影响

图6. 氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对土壤真菌的影响

图7. 氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对放线菌的影响

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