Effect of Potassium Application Rates on Potato Growth and NPK Accumulation and Distribution

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0059

Abstract

Abstract:

Potassium (K) shows significant effects on the growth and development of potato. To optimize application rate of K fertilizer and improve the yield potential of potato, effects of K application rates on potato growth and NPK accumulation and distribution were studied. Split plot experiment design was adopted, 2 cultivars (‘Favorita’ and ‘Chuanyu 117’) were used as the materials, and five K application rates (0, 112.5, 225, 337.5, and 450 kg/hm²) were set. The plant height and canopy coverage at different growth stages, the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) content in each organ of mature plants, and the total yield and other related factors were measured. The results showed that the plant height, canopy coverage, NPK accumulation and distribution in each organ and the total yield of potato were all significantly affected by both K application rates and cultivars. The plant height and canopy coverage increased with the K application rate. The highest nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content and accumulation amount were found in the two cultivars at the K application rate of 225 kg/hm². However, with the increase of K application rate, the distribution proportion of K in potato tubers decreased significantly, and compared with that of control, the decrease range of the two cultivars was 34.1%-45.7% and 26.5%-59.1% respectively. The yield of the two cultivars were the highest at the K application rate of 225 kg/hm², reaching 29263 kg/hm² and 32922 kg/hm², respectively, 80.3% and 55.6% higher than that of the control. In conclusion, the growth and development of potato is good when the potassium application rate is 225 kg/hm², which can not only promote the absorption and accumulation of NPK, but also ensure the highest yield.

Key words: potato, potassium, potassium accumulation, yield, growth and development

LIU Kexin, WANG Kexiu, TANG Mingxia, HE Wei, YANG Wenting, LI Ping, HU Jianjun. Effect of Potassium Application Rates on Potato Growth and NPK Accumulation and Distribution[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(2): 51-56.

Figures/Tables 7

References 25

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品种	施钾量/(kg/hm²)	氮含量/%		氮素积累量/(kg/hm²)		氮素分配比例/%
品种	施钾量/(kg/hm²)	茎叶	块茎	茎叶	块茎	茎叶	块茎
费乌瑞它	0	2.70a	1.44a	14.27 c	53.92 a	19.87 c	80.13 a
	112.5	3.05a	1.56a	41.47 b	60.50 a	40.86 b	59.14 b
	225	3.22a	1.74a	60.40 a	66.61 a	47.53 ab	52.47 bc
	337.5	3.04a	1.62a	60.74 a	54.31 a	52.91 a	47.09 c
	450	2.75a	1.60a	68.59 a	54.97 a	55.31 a	44.69 c
川芋117	0	3.35a	1.34b	43.00 c	42.61 c	50.14 b	49.86 a
	112.5	3.36a	1.37b	93.24 b	55.52 b	62.70 a	37.30 b
	225	3.88a	1.53a	109.18 ab	75.24 a	59.18 a	40.82 b
	337.5	3.41a	1.43ab	107.56 ab	64.01 b	62.36 a	37.64 b
	450	3.42a	1.37b	115.12 a	62.82 b	64.66 a	35.34 b

品种	施钾量/(kg/hm²)	氮含量/%		氮素积累量/(kg/hm²)		氮素分配比例/%
品种	施钾量/(kg/hm²)	茎叶	块茎	茎叶	块茎	茎叶	块茎
费乌瑞它	0	2.70a	1.44a	14.27 c	53.92 a	19.87 c	80.13 a
	112.5	3.05a	1.56a	41.47 b	60.50 a	40.86 b	59.14 b
	225	3.22a	1.74a	60.40 a	66.61 a	47.53 ab	52.47 bc
	337.5	3.04a	1.62a	60.74 a	54.31 a	52.91 a	47.09 c
	450	2.75a	1.60a	68.59 a	54.97 a	55.31 a	44.69 c
川芋117	0	3.35a	1.34b	43.00 c	42.61 c	50.14 b	49.86 a
	112.5	3.36a	1.37b	93.24 b	55.52 b	62.70 a	37.30 b
	225	3.88a	1.53a	109.18 ab	75.24 a	59.18 a	40.82 b
	337.5	3.41a	1.43ab	107.56 ab	64.01 b	62.36 a	37.64 b
	450	3.42a	1.37b	115.12 a	62.82 b	64.66 a	35.34 b

品种	施氮量/(kg/hm²)	磷含量/%		磷素积累量/(kg/hm²)		磷素分配比例/%
品种	施氮量/(kg/hm²)	茎叶	块茎	茎叶	块茎	茎叶	块茎
费乌瑞它	0	0.17a	0.17b	0.80 b	6.43 a	11.21 b	88.79 a
	112.5	0.19a	0.19ab	2.40 a	7.24 a	24.88 a	75.12 b
	225	0.20a	0.21a	2.81 a	7.83 a	26.56 a	73.44 b
	337.5	0.19a	0.20a	2.22 a	6.89 a	24.77 a	75.23 b
	450	0.18a	0.20ab	2.15 a	7.01 a	23.27 a	76.73 b
川芋117	0	0.15a	0.18b	3.17 b	5.60 d	36.10 a	63.90 a
	112.5	0.18a	0.20ab	4.93 a	7.91 c	38.29 a	61.71 a
	225	0.18a	0.21a	5.51 a	10.59 a	34.23 a	65.77 a
	337.5	0.18a	0.20a	4.94 a	9.13bc	35.02 a	64.98 a
	450	0.15a	0.21a	4.59 a	9.56 ab	32.46 a	67.54 a

品种	施氮量/(kg/hm²)	磷含量/%		磷素积累量/(kg/hm²)		磷素分配比例/%
品种	施氮量/(kg/hm²)	茎叶	块茎	茎叶	块茎	茎叶	块茎
费乌瑞它	0	0.17a	0.17b	0.80 b	6.43 a	11.21 b	88.79 a
	112.5	0.19a	0.19ab	2.40 a	7.24 a	24.88 a	75.12 b
	225	0.20a	0.21a	2.81 a	7.83 a	26.56 a	73.44 b
	337.5	0.19a	0.20a	2.22 a	6.89 a	24.77 a	75.23 b
	450	0.18a	0.20ab	2.15 a	7.01 a	23.27 a	76.73 b
川芋117	0	0.15a	0.18b	3.17 b	5.60 d	36.10 a	63.90 a
	112.5	0.18a	0.20ab	4.93 a	7.91 c	38.29 a	61.71 a
	225	0.18a	0.21a	5.51 a	10.59 a	34.23 a	65.77 a
	337.5	0.18a	0.20a	4.94 a	9.13bc	35.02 a	64.98 a
	450	0.15a	0.21a	4.59 a	9.56 ab	32.46 a	67.54 a

品种	施钾量/(kg/hm²)	钾含量/%		钾素积累量/(kg/hm²)		钾素分配比例/%
品种	施钾量/(kg/hm²)	茎叶	块茎	茎叶	块茎	茎叶	块茎
费乌瑞它	0	0.85d	1.43c	3.66 c	53.75 b	6.49b	93.51a
	112.5	3.26c	1.70b	41.47 b	66.39 ab	38.41 a	61.60 b
	225	4.24bc	1.88ab	60.40 ab	71.40 a	45.60 a	54.41b
	337.5	5.27ab	1.87ab	63.66 a	63.43 ab	49.85a	50.15b
	450	5.63a	2.03a	68.59 a	70.41 ab	49.27 a	50.74b
川芋117	0	1.05d	1.13c	22.09 d	35.77 c	37.71c	62.29a
	112.5	2.42c	1.42b	67.93 c	57.71 b	54.21 b	45.80b
	225	3.62b	1.48b	109.18 b	72.90 a	59.95ab	40.05bc
	337.5	4.13a	1.64a	115.96 ab	73.09 a	61.17 a	38.84c
	450	4.44a	1.72a	133.24 a	78.86 a	62.77 a	37.24c