Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.2 Published:15 January 2023

  Effects of Varieties, Planting Densities, Nitrogen Application Rates and Sowing Modes on Biological Characters and Yield of Waxy Sorghum ZHANG Yanjun, LIU Jia, ZHANG Zhong, ZHANG Cuiping, LI Jianzeng, HU Xuanjiang, SHI Li’an, GAO Yuxi, LUO Lei, CAI Shujiang, LI Huaihong, RAO Min 2023, 39 (2):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0036 Abstract + ( 355 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF ( 1278KB )   ( 50 ) The purpose of this paper is to clarify the correlations between different varieties, planting densities, nitrogen application rates and sowing modes and the biological characters and yield of waxy sorghum. The L9 (34) orthogonal experiment method was adopted in the study. The results showed that the effects of waxy sorghum varieties on biological characters were quite different. As the planting density increased, the plant height increased, while the number of grains per ear and the single ear weight decreased. The planting density had no obvious influence on the number of leaves, stem diameter, ear length and 1000-grain weight. Waxy sorghum with nitrogen application rate of 255 kg/hm2 had the best ear length, number of grains per ear, single ear weight and 1000-grain weight. Different planting modes had little effect on biological characters. The plant height, leaf number, number of grains per ear and single ear weight were positively correlated with the yield, while stem diameter, ear length and 1000-grain weight were negatively correlated with the yield. Variety is the main factor affecting the yield, followed by planting density and planting mode. The yield of the combination A2B3C1D2 was the highest, reaching 12257.28 kg/hm2, followed by that of the combination A2B1C2D3, reaching 11553.91 kg/hm2. The yield difference of different varieties reached a very significant level, the yield difference of different planting densities reached a significant level, and the yield difference of different nitrogen application rates and planting modes were not significant, so the optimal combination was A2B3C1D2 or A2B1C2D3. This study provides a scientific basis for high-yield and high-quality planting technology of waxy sorghum.

  Cultivation and Breeding Assessment of Rice Transgenic Restorers Carrying Herbicide-resistant EPSPS Gene XIAO Benze, WANG Zilin 2023, 39 (2):  8-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0657 Abstract + ( 203 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1296KB )   ( 27 ) For cultivating the herbicide-resistant rice cultivars with excellent agronomic traits, 3 derived herbicide-resistant restorer lines (Hua 84EP-1, 2 and 3) harboring EPSPS gene were mated with 5 sterile lines (Hongxiang2A, Y58S, Guangzhan63-4S, Hua1015S and Tianyuan6S). The herbicide resistance of parents and mated hybrids and the combining ability of 10 main agronomic traits of those mated hybrids, including YP (yield per plant), SSR (seed setting ratio), TGW (1000-grain weight), GP (growth period), PH (plant height), EP (effective panicles per plant), GD (grain density), NG (number of grains per panicle), NFG (number of filled grains per panicle) and PL (panicle length), were analyzed. The results showed that the herbicide resistance of 3 restorer lines was nearly complete (>96%), and it was very effective for improving the purity of rice hybrids to spray herbicide Roundup at seedling stage; the general combining ability of restorer lines and sterile lines reached significant differences in 5 traits (SSR, GP, etc.) and 7 traits (SSR, TGW, etc.) respectively; and the special combining ability of the mated hybrids only reached significant difference in GP. Among these hybrids, Tianyuan6S/Hua84EP-1, Hongxiang2A/Hua84EP-3 and Hua1015S/Hua84EP-1 had the highest yield increase compared with the control. Therefore, using herbicide-resistant restorer lines as male parent can not only improve the purity of hybrids, but also cultivate strong-heterosis combinations.

  Preliminary Study on Introduction of Moringa to Yuanmou of Yunnan RUAN Mingju, WANG Rui, ZHANG Hui, YANG Yuege, ZENG Qianchun 2023, 39 (2):  16-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0035 Abstract + ( 199 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1392KB )   ( 36 ) In order to determine the adaptability of introduced Moringa in Yuanmou of Yunnan Province, six germplasms of Moringa from Ethiopia, Rwanda, Laos and India were subjected to seed germination and seedling transplanting study. The seed germination rate, seedling rate, plant height, stem diameter and crown width were obtained. The results showed that the difference of germination rate of the tested materials was very significant. The germination rate of sample 19-1 from Ethiopia was the highest of 83.33%, while that of sample 19-2 from Rwanda was the lowest of 5.33%. The high seedling rates were obtained in sample 19-2 and sample 19-1, which were 88.57% and 85.67%, respectively, and the lowest seedling rate was of sample 19-3 from Laos at 29.26%. The growth curve of plant height and stem diameter was ‘slow - fast - slow’, and the growth curve of crown width was ‘fast - slow - fast - slow’. Among the germplasms, the control ‘PKM1’ had the largest plant height and crown width, which were 228.8 cm and 144.86 cm, respectively. Sample 19-1 had the thickest stem diameter of 42.00 mm. The fresh leaf yield was CK>19-1>19-2>19-5>19-3>19-4, the dry leaf yield was CK > 19-1 > 19-2 > 19-5 > 19-4 > 19-3, and the seed yield was CK>19-3>19-5>19-4>19-2. The preliminary evaluation showed that 19-1(from Ethiopia) was a good germplasm for leaf use and 19-3(from Laos) could be a potential variety as fruit type.

  Evaluation of Cultivated Land Soil Fertility Based on Membership Function and Principal Component Analysis JIANG Bing, WANG Songtao, SUN Zengbing, ZHANG Hairui, WANG Jian, LIU Yang 2023, 39 (2):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0063 Abstract + ( 206 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1470KB )   ( 55 ) The soil fertility of cultivated land in Gaomi City of Shandong Province was investigated and the spatial distribution of soil fertility was clarified. Eight soil fertility indexes, including soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, were acquired by gridded sampling and analysis of surface soil. The membership value of each index was determined by the membership function model of fuzzy mathematics, and the weight of each index was determined by principal component analysis. The integrated soil fertility index was calculated using membership value and weight, and then interpolated for mapping. The results showed that the soil in the study area was mainly alkaline, accounting for 37.77% of the total samples, followed by neutral, accounting for 29.52% of the total samples. Organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium were mainly insufficient, total nitrogen and total potassium were mainly medium, and total phosphorus and available phosphorus were mainly rich. The membership value of organic matter and total nitrogen were significantly lower than that of other indexes, showing they were the main limiting factors of cultivated land soil fertility. Total nitrogen had the maximum weight value and contributed the most to soil fertility. Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen had the minimum weight value and contributed the least to soil fertility. In the study area, the spatial distribution of integrated soil fertility index of cultivated land was mainly medium.

  Effects of Long-term Intercropping and No-tillage on Soil Physical Properties and Crop Yield LIU Min, ZHAO Cai, FAN Hong, YIN Wen, FAN Zhilong, HU Falong, SUN Yabin 2023, 39 (2):  28-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0071 Abstract + ( 184 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1463KB )   ( 41 ) The long-term traditional film mulching farming system in the oasis irrigated area of northwest China has caused problems such as decreased stability of soil structure, excessive mulching film residue and deteriorated soil quality. This study explored the effect of no-tillage with film mulching of cereal-legume intercropping on soil physical properties and crop yield, aiming to provide theoretical support for mulching film residue reduction and soil quality improvement, as well as the optimization of tillage practices and crop planting modes. A field experiment was conducted in Hexi Oasis irrigated area from 2013 to 2020. The two factors, tillage practice and planting mode, were designed. The tillage practices included conventional tillage with film mulching (CT) and no-tillage with film mulching (NT); and the planting modes included monoculture of pea (P), monoculture of maize (M), and maize-pea intercropping (M//P). The related indicators concerning soil physical properties and crop yield were determined after maize harvest in 2019 and 2020. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences in the content of ≥0.25 mm water-stable aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD), soil bulk density and total soil porosity in 0-30 cm soil layer between NT and CT, compared with those of CT, the content of ≥0.25 mm water-stable aggregates, MWD and total soil porosity of NT increased by 2.02%-7.76%, 19.4%-26.0% and 1.97%-2.28%, respectively, and soil bulk density of NT decreased by 1.31%-1.57%; (2) compared with monoculture of pea and maize, maize-pea intercropping significantly increased the content of water-stable soil macro-aggregates by 12.60%-20.11% and 7.05%-11.55%, respectively, MWD increased by 9.61%-12.44% and 4.01%-8.01%, respectively, soil bulk density decreased by 2.97% and 1.98%, respectively, and soil porosity increased by 4.50% and 2.98%, respectively; (3) the tillage practice had no significant effect on crop yield, but planting mode had a significant effect on maize kernel yield, compared with monoculture of maize, maize-pea intercropping in unit area increased the yield of maize kernel by 29.41%-31.68% under NT, and by 31.92%-33.38% under CT. In summary, no-tillage with film mulching of cereal-legume intercropping was an effective agronomic measure to achieve the efficient utilization of resources, the reduction of mulching film residue pollution, the increase of crop yield and the improvement of the physical properties of farmland soil in oasis irrigated area.

  Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Microbial Communities in Poplar Forest Land SUN Hui, WU Zhongneng, MIAO Tingting, LIU Junlong, SU Xiaohua, DING Changjun, CAO Zhihua, YAN Caixia, WANG Tao 2023, 39 (2):  36-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0149 Abstract + ( 206 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2198KB )   ( 32 ) Soil microbial diversity is one of the important factors to improve soil productivity in planted forests. Due to the serious soil degradation of the second-generation Poplar forest and with the aim of improving the soil microbial diversity of degraded land and finding out the suitable ratio of fertilizer solution, 5-year-old second-generation Poplar forests in northern Anhui were used as the study objects. After 4 consecutive years of fertilization experiment, soil samples were collected, and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the change characteristics of soil microbial communities in Poplar forests under different fertilization treatments with an RDA analysis of environmental factors. The results showed that the MND1, Gaiella, Pirellula and RB41 were the dominant bacterial genera in the second-generation Poplar forest, and there were significant differences of bacterial genus between fertilized soil surface and unfertilized soil. Lecanicillium, Mortierella and Fusarium were 3 dominant fungal genera and the distribution of fungal communities in the soil layer was less relevant. Application of nitrogen fertilizer 250 g/plant, phosphate fertilizer 500 g/plant, organic fertilizer 500 g/plant and soil improvement biological bacterial fertilizer 200 g/plant and application of nitrogen fertilizer 125 g/plant, phosphate fertilizer 500 g/plant, potash fertilizer 75 g/plant and soil improvement biological bacterial fertilizer 100 g/plant had a more uniform distribution and higher diversity of bacteria in the surface soil, and were suitable for improving the diversity of forest surface soil bacterial community. Application of nitrogen fertilizer 500 g/plant, potash fertilizer 75 g/plant, organic fertilizer 500 g/plant and soil improvement biological bacterial fertilizer 150 g/plant and application of nitrogen fertilizer 250 g/plant, phosphate fertilizer 750 g/plant, potash fertilizer 25 g/plant and soil improvement biological bacterial fertilizer 150 g/plant had a more uniform distribution of species and a higher diversity of fungi in the deep soil, and were suitable for improving the diversity of forest deep soil fungal community. Urease had a great influence on the community composition of soil bacteria and fungi, and can be an important soil environmental factor in Poplar forest land.

  Effects of Soybean-Maize Rotation on Community Structure and Diversity of Soil Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria of Spring Maize TI Junyang, ZHANG Yuqin, YANG Hengshan, ZHANG Ruifu, TAI Jicheng, SA Rula, HAN Meiqi 2023, 39 (2):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0044 Abstract + ( 181 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1716KB )   ( 36 ) To study the effects of soybean-maize rotation on soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria, using maize continuous cropping as control (MMM) and nif-H gene as indicator, we adopted high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the community structure and diversity of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria under two-year soybean-maize rotation cycle (MSM) and three-year soybean-maize-maize rotation cycle (SMM). The results showed that soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers increased significantly under soybean-maize rotation. Chao1 index and ACE index of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers under rotation were higher than those under control, and the indexes under MSM were significantly higher than those under SMM. Shannon index and Simpson index under rotation in 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly higher than those under control (MMM); and the indexes under MSM in 20-40 cm soil layer were significantly higher than those under MMM. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers under MSM and SMM were higher than that under MMM. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium, Frankia and Leptotrichia in 0-20 cm soil layer under the two rotation types were significantly higher. The relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium, Pseudoacidibacter, Geobacillus and Nitrogen-fixing Vibrio in 20-40 cm soil layer were significantly higher. In 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers, Bradyrhizobium, Methylocystis and Nitrogen-fixing Vibrio under MSM were higher than those under SMM. Variance analysis showed that the abundance indexes of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Chao1 index and ACE index) were significantly and positively correlated with the content of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, and the abundance of Rhizobium was extremely significantly and positively correlated with the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen. In summary, higher soil nutrients in soybean-maize rotation were important factors for increasing the abundance of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria and changing community structure, and the abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soybean-maize two-year cycle was relatively high. Soybean-maize rotation can increase the beneficial microbial groups with high nitrogen-fixing efficiency and multi-functions in soil.

  Effect of Potassium Application Rates on Potato Growth and NPK Accumulation and Distribution LIU Kexin, WANG Kexiu, TANG Mingxia, HE Wei, YANG Wenting, LI Ping, HU Jianjun 2023, 39 (2):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0059 Abstract + ( 182 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1311KB )   ( 29 ) Potassium (K) shows significant effects on the growth and development of potato. To optimize application rate of K fertilizer and improve the yield potential of potato, effects of K application rates on potato growth and NPK accumulation and distribution were studied. Split plot experiment design was adopted, 2 cultivars (‘Favorita’ and ‘Chuanyu 117’) were used as the materials, and five K application rates (0, 112.5, 225, 337.5, and 450 kg/hm2) were set. The plant height and canopy coverage at different growth stages, the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) content in each organ of mature plants, and the total yield and other related factors were measured. The results showed that the plant height, canopy coverage, NPK accumulation and distribution in each organ and the total yield of potato were all significantly affected by both K application rates and cultivars. The plant height and canopy coverage increased with the K application rate. The highest nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content and accumulation amount were found in the two cultivars at the K application rate of 225 kg/hm2. However, with the increase of K application rate, the distribution proportion of K in potato tubers decreased significantly, and compared with that of control, the decrease range of the two cultivars was 34.1%-45.7% and 26.5%-59.1% respectively. The yield of the two cultivars were the highest at the K application rate of 225 kg/hm2, reaching 29263 kg/hm2 and 32922 kg/hm2, respectively, 80.3% and 55.6% higher than that of the control. In conclusion, the growth and development of potato is good when the potassium application rate is 225 kg/hm2, which can not only promote the absorption and accumulation of NPK, but also ensure the highest yield.

  Effects of Potassium Fertilizer Types on the Growth and Yield of Pepper ZHANG Wu, HUANG Wenyan, LIU Yueyan, WANG Jianjian 2023, 39 (2):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0026 Abstract + ( 535 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 51 ) The effects of different potassium fertilizer types on the growth and yield of pepper were studied to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization and efficient planting of pepper. Under the potted soil culture condition, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate were used as the source of fertilizer. The plant height, stem diameter, biomass of root, stem and leaf, and yield of pepper were measured based on three different treatments: no potassium fertilizer (CK), potassium chloride (K1) and potassium sulfate (K2). The tested pepper varieties were ‘Zhenghong 189’ and ‘Yanjiao 425’. The results showed that: compared with CK group, the application of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate could promote the plant height, stem diameter, and biomass of root, stem and leaf of pepper, and enhance the growth and development of pepper. The total biomass of ‘Zhenghong 189’ under K1 and K2 increased by 19.26% and 25.88%, respectively, compared with that of CK, and the total biomass of ‘Yanjiao 425’ under K1 and K2 increased by 49.22% and 73.93%, respectively, compared with that of CK. The two types of potassium fertilizers increased the number of pepper seeds, the weight of single fruit and the seed setting rate of pepper, thus increasing the yield of pepper. The yield of ‘Zhenghong 189’ under K1 and K2 increased by 6.43% and 10.46%, respectively, compared with that of CK, and the yield of ‘Yanjiao 425’ under K1 and K2 increased by 20.23% and 22.49%, respectively, compared with that of CK (P<0.05). Comparing the two pepper varieties, ‘Yanjiao 425’ was more sensitive to potassium fertilizer. Under the conditions of this experiment, pepper was not sensitive to chlorine, and potassium sulfate was better than potassium chloride in promoting the growth and yield of pepper under the normal application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer. In order to achieve high yield and high quality in pepper cultivation, potassium sulfate treatment is an appropriate choice.

  Estimation of Evaporation Between Plants Based on Micro-evaporators: Research Progress GUAN Ting, FAN Mingshou, JIA Liguo 2023, 39 (2):  63-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0010 Abstract + ( 164 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1118KB )   ( 29 ) Evaporation between plants is an important part of field water balance, so accurate estimation of evaporation between plants is of great significance to the efficient utilization of water resource in arid and semi-arid regions. Micro-evaporator is a common method to estimate the evaporation of farmland soil. This paper summarized the application methods of micro-evaporators and their application status on greenhouse crops such as vegetables, wheat, maize etc. The evaporation between plants of different vegetables in greenhouse accounted for about 40% of the total evapotranspiration; the daily evaporation intensity of field crops such as maize and wheat were affected by farming methods, varieties, meteorological factors and plastic film residues in soil. At the same time, current problems existing in the use of the micro-evaporators were pointed out, and how to use the micro-evaporators correctly for ridge tillage crops was discussed. Suggestions were given on further research and application of micro-evaporators.

  Biological Behavior Study of Zamacra excavata Dyar in Changji of Xinjiang CHEN Haizhou, AIKEBAIER·Ahemai, YAO Anping, ZHAO Xinying, WEI Jianhua 2023, 39 (2):  68-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0043 Abstract + ( 195 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1839KB )   ( 28 ) Zamacra excavata Dyar is a medium-sized moth which can cause the outbreak of leaf eating hazards. In order to effectively control its invasion, it is important to study in detail its proliferation, occurrence and development process, biological behavior and control strategy. With many years of multi-place observation and laboratory verification, the life history of the moth from eclosion, oviposition, hatching, pupation to dormancy, as well as oversummering and overwintering were systematically investigated, and the biological characteristics of each stage were observed and obtained in a careful manner. The results show that the moths strongly adhere to the roots of trees as cocoon pupae, and fully develop into adults in pupa for overwintering. In the middle and late of March, adult moths unearth after eclosion in Changji of northern Xinjiang. It is estimated that the ratio of female to male moth is about 5:1. The females lay a large number of eggs, and the hatching rate is up to 95%. The appetite of the 3rd-5th instar larvae surges dramatically, feeding day and night, causing serious harm. Strengthening inspection and quarantine, winter irrigation, wrapping the tree trunk with adhesive tape and controlling the 1st and 2nd instar larvae with medication can reduce the hazard and achieve better control effect. The moth is an insect with concentrated eclosion, high oviposition and hatching rate, and its outbreak can cause serious damage. Strict inspection and quarantine, early detection, timely control, killing pupae in winter and blocking the moth from attaching to the trees are important methods for the comprehensive control of the hazard.

  Preparation and Application of Test Strip for Rapid Detection of Bovine Pregnancy-associated Glycoprotein 6 LI Zhiming, XU Haitao, GAO Yuping, CAI Delin, WANG Xiangguo, XIAO Longfei, AN Hong, WANG Yingqiu, WANG Qian, GUO Yong, QI Xiaolong, NI Hemin 2023, 39 (2):  75-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0985 Abstract + ( 165 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1652KB )   ( 20 ) The early diagnosis of bovine pregnancy is very important. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 6 (PAG6) is a specific protein secreted by maternal placental tissue to the peripheral circulation. Therefore, this study is to prepare a test strip for rapid detection of bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 6. The polyclonal antibody against bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 6 was prepared and diluted and added to the NC membrane. A rapid detection strip for boPAG6 was prepared by fixing and sealing. The serum to be tested was added to the test strip for incubation and then washed, and then the second antibody was added for washing. Finally, the chromogenic solution was added for rapid detection. The standardized rapid test strip diluted the antibody to 10 μg/mL with PBS and put it on the NC film. The antibody was fixed at 37℃ for 30 min and sealed with 5% skim milk powder. The serum to be tested was dropped onto the test strip and incubated at 37℃ for 1 h, then washed and secondary antibody was incubated. Finally, DAB chromogenic kit was used for 3 min to determine the detection. The preliminary application in clinical detection showed that pregnancy could still be determined in the mixed serum of non-pregnant cows and pregnant cows, and the specificity of rapid detection of the test strip was strong. The sensitivity of the rapid detection of the test strip was good at the minimum detection limit of 3200 times dilution of serum. The coincidence rate with ELISA was above 80%. The experiment has good repeatability and the test strip can be stored at 4℃ and -20℃ for 2 weeks. The test strip for rapid detection of early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows is established and can be applied to preliminary pregnancy diagnosis.

  Comparative Study on Blood Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Main Meat Sheep Breeds in Jilin Province WANG Guanghui, XU Wei, WANG Jiaojiao, YANG Yujiang, JIANG Huaizhi 2023, 39 (2):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0014 Abstract + ( 216 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1311KB )   ( 25 ) In order to evaluate the metabolic capacity and disease resistance of three main meat sheep breeds in Jilin Province, the blood physiological and biochemical indexes of Qianhua mutton Merino sheep, Black-head Suffolk sheep and Small Tail Han sheep raised in Jilin Province were measured and compared. The results showed that the blood physiological indexes of the three sheep breeds were different. The blood physiological indexes such as MID%, GRAN, GRAN%, RBC, HCT, MCH, MCHC, PLT, PDW, and PCT of Qianhua mutton Merino sheep were significantly higher than those of Black-headed Suffolk sheep and Small Tailed Han sheep (P<0.05). The WBC index value of Small Tail Han sheep was the highest, followed by that of Qianhua mutton Merino sheep, and then that of Black-head Suffolk, and there were significant differences between the breeds (P<0.05). The index value of LYM in the blood of Small Tail Han sheep was significantly higher than that of the other two breeds. MID, HGB and MCV index values in blood of Black-headed Suffolk sheep were significantly higher than those of Qianhua mutton Merino sheep (P<0.05), and the above indexes of the latter were significantly higher than those of Small-tailed Han sheep (P<0.05). However, the index values of RDW-SD, RDW-CV, MPV and P-LCR were not significantly different among the three breeds (P>0.05). The sequence of the values of 7 biochemical indicators, including ALB, TP, TBIL, PHOS, GLU, CREA, and GLO of the three breeds, from high to low was as follows: Qianhua mutton Merino sheep> Black-headed Suffolk sheep> Small-tailed Han sheep, and there were differences between the breeds (P<0.05). BUN, CHOL, AMYL, ALT, ALK and other biochemical indexes had obvious differences among the breeds (P<0.05), and Black-head Suffolk sheep had the highest BUN, followed by Qianhua mutton Merino sheep, and Small Tail Han sheep had the lowest. CHOL of Small Tail Han sheep was the highest, followed by that of Black-head Suffolk sheep, and Qianhua mutton Merino sheep had the lowest CHOL. AMYL of Black-head Suffolk sheep was the highest, followed by that of Qianhua mutton Merino sheep, and the lowest was found in Small Tail Han sheep. The index value of ALT was the highest in Qianhua mutton Merino sheep, followed by that of Small Tail Han sheep, and then that of Suffolk sheep. ALK of Black-headed Suffolk sheep was the highest, followed by that of Qianhua mutton Merino sheep, and then that of Small-tailed Han sheep. This study provides theoretical reference for the feeding management, breeding improvement, disease monitoring and environmental adaptability enhancement of the three breeds.

  Effects of Different Doses of Cyclophosphamide on the Peripheral Blood Biochemical Indicators of Fujian Yellow Rabbit WANG Yan, YU Chunying, ZHOU Jianhua, YANG Yanyan, XIE Jindong, ZHONG Qiuming, WANG Xunli 2023, 39 (2):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1197 Abstract + ( 165 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 31 ) The study aims to investigate the effects of different doses of cyclophosphamide on the peripheral blood biochemical indicators of Fujian yellow rabbit, and provide experimental reference for establishing the immunosuppressive animal model of Fujian yellow rabbit. Eighteen Fujian yellow rabbits (4 months old) were randomly divided into control group and model groups. The model groups were intraperitoneally injected with 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide for 7 consecutive days, respectively. Peripheral blood was collected on the 8th day. The results showed that different doses of cyclophosphamide caused significant changes in electrolytes (K, Na, Cl, Ca, Mg, P, HCO3-, AG and POP), muscle enzymes(LDH, CK and CKMB), blood glucose(GLU), blood lipids(CHOL, TG, HDLC, LDLC, A1APOA1 and BAPOB), liver function(TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, TP, ALB, GLB, ALT, AST, GGT, AST/ALT and ALP), renal function(BUN, CR and UA) and other indicators in peripheral blood compared with the control group, and a dose-dependent relationship was observed. Different doses of cyclophosphamide had no significant effects on the level of BAPOB/A1APOA1(B/A1) and ALB/GLB(A/G). With the increase of the dose of cyclophosphamide, the liver and renal functions of Fujian yellow rabbit were seriously affected, indicating a decreasing trend in the physiological and immune functions.

  Effect of Combinations of Different Concentrations of PMSG and HCG on Rabbit Superovulation ZHOU Na, TIE Yanan, YANG Yanan, WANG Xinrong 2023, 39 (2):  93-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1118 Abstract + ( 146 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1264KB )   ( 24 ) The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of different concentrations of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on superovulation in rabbits. Twenty-four five-month-old pubertal rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, one of which was the control group, the other three groups were injected with 50 IU, 70 IU and 90 IU PMSG respectively and 100 IU HCG. After the injection, the rabbits were mated, and dissected and embryos removed 24 hours later. The physical state of fallopian tube and the quality and quantity of embryos were observed and analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of PMSG injection concentration, the change of fallopian tube was not significant; the number of congested follicles and abnormal embryos increased and the difference among the groups was significant (P<0.01), while the number of high-quality embryos increased first and then decreased. When PMSG+HCG injection was 70 IU+100 IU, 213 high-quality embryos were obtained at most. The combination of superovulation at different concentrations of PMSG+HCG did not affect the physical fallopian tube morphology in rabbits, but the effect of superovulation was different. The rate of embryonic malformation increased with the increase of PMSG concentration. Therefore, it is recommended that the concentration of PMSG +HCG should be 70 IU+100 IU in practice.

  Difference Analysis of Main Fatty Acids in Riwoqê Yak Meat from Qamdo of Tibet PU Jifeng, WU Xuelian, PAN Hu 2023, 39 (2):  98-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0051 Abstract + ( 177 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1466KB )   ( 29 ) To investigate the difference of main fatty acids in Riwoqê Yak meat from different towns of Qamdo in Tibet and different parts of Riwoqê Yak, and identify the characteristics of fatty acids in Riwoqê Yak meat, the gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was adopted to determine the content of fatty acids in Riwoqê Yak meat, and the SPSS method was used to analyze the differences of fatty acids in Riwoqê Yak meat from different towns and different parts of Riwoqê Yak. The meat of Riwoqê Yak mainly contained 11 kinds of saturated fatty acids (SFA), 7 kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 9 kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and the average content of the three types of fatty acids was 42.53%, 53.27% and 4.21%, respectively. The main fatty acids in Riwoqê Yak meat were oleic acid (C18:1n9c, 44.47%), stearic acid (C18:0, 21.08%) and palmitic acid (C16:0, 14.78%). There was no significant difference in the total amount of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in Riwoqê Yak meat from different towns, while the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids had significant differences. The main polyunsaturated fatty acids were linoleic acid (2.74%), arachidonic acid (0.66%), linolenic acid (0.39%), eicosapentaenoic acid (0.11%) and docosahexaenoic acid (0.07%). The mean value of n-6/n-3 in Riwoqê Yak meat was 4.85, while the mean value of n-6/n-3 in rump and tendon of Riwoqê Yak was 3.20 and 3.35, respectively. Taken together, the main fatty acids in Riwoqê Yak meat are oleic acid and stearic acid, the polyunsaturated fatty acids in Riwoqê Yak meat from different towns are significantly different, and the rump and tendon have high nutritional value.

  Effects of Hypoxic Stress and Reoxygenation on Hypoxic Response Genes and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes in the Gill Tissue of Leiocassis longirostris LI Yao, YANG Zhiru, CHENG Jinghao, LI Jie, WANG Tao, ZHANG Kai, ZHANG Guosong, YIN Shaowu 2023, 39 (2):  107-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0076 Abstract + ( 152 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2248KB )   ( 27 ) In order to study the effects of hypoxic stress [(0.8±0.1) mg/L] and reoxygenation [(7.3±0.5 mg/L] on oxygen sensing, respiratory metabolism, oxidative stress, tissue structure, and apoptosis in the gill of L. longirostris, by using qRT-PCR, enzyme activity measurement, H&E staining and TUNEL slice detection, the experiments of hypoxic stress (0, 2, 4, 6 h) and reoxygenation (2, 4, 6 h) on L. longirostris were conducted and the changes of hypoxic response genes, and physiological and biochemical indexes in the gill of L. longirostris were analyzed. The results showed that: the expressions of genes related to oxygen sensors (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, PHDs and Vhl) were upregulated in the gill of L. longirostris during hypoxia, after reoxygenation, there was still a significant difference compared with the control (P<0.05). Expression activities and contents of glycolysis related enzymes (PFK, HK and PK), anaerobic respiration enzymes (LDH), antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, CAT and SOD) and oxidative stress indicators (MDA and LPO) significantly increased. The activities of TCA cycle-related enzymes (SDH and MDH) decreased significantly during hypoxia, but most physiological indexes gradually recovered to the level of the control upon reoxygenation. H&E staining showed that under hypoxic stress, the epithelium of the gill was uplifted, and some blood cells gathered in large numbers to make the gill small pieces have rod-like tips, and tissue changes such as swelling and proliferation of mitochondria-rich cells occurred, but these changes in tissue morphology caused by hypoxia were not improved after the recovery of dissolved oxygen. TUNEL sections showed that the number of apoptotic cells in the gill of L. longirostris increased with the prolongation of hypoxia time, the mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Caspase 3, p53 and Apaf-1) increased significantly and Bcl-2 decreased significantly during hypoxia, and the apoptosis still existed compared with control upon reoxygenation. Hypoxic stress and reoxygenation can significantly affect the gill oxygen sensors, respiratory metabolism, oxidative stress, tissue structure, and apoptosis of L. longirostris. The results lay a theoretical foundation for exploring the molecular regulation mechanism of fish under hypoxic stress, and provide basic data for future development of new hypoxia tolerant varieties of L. longirostris.

  Reproductive Biology and Hatching Mode of Cherax quadricarinatu: Research Progress GUO Guocai, WANG Guangjun, ZHANG Kai, GUO Zhaoliang, LIANG Zhihui 2023, 39 (2):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0013 Abstract + ( 182 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1283KB )   ( 27 ) The artificial breeding technologies of Cherax quadricarinatus are not mature and have not been widely promoted. The market demand is far from being satisfied by the semi-natural breeding technology of C. quadricarinatus. As a result, the development of C. quadricarinatus market is slow, which greatly restricts the rapid and high-quality development of C. quadricarinatus industry. This paper reviewed the biological characteristics of C. quadricarinatus, the internal and external factors affecting its reproduction and incubation mode, and discussed the possibility of C. quadricarinatus egg-carrying in different seasons and at different times in the future. The study could provide reference for improving ovigerous rate, egg laying amount and hatching rate of C. quadricarinatus, and support the large-scale and industrialized breeding of C. quadricarinatus.

  Isolation, Identification and Antibiotics Susceptibility Test of Exiguobacterium profundum from Procambarus clarkii SHI Ruixue, LI Yanhe 2023, 39 (2):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0066 Abstract + ( 157 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1636KB )   ( 21 ) To identify the disease and mortality cause of Procambarus clarkii, a dominant strain isolated from hepatopancreas of the dying crayfish was identified as Exiguobacterium profundum by colony morphology observation, Gram staining, physiological and biochemical identification, 16srRNA sequencing analysis and phylogenetic tree construction. The resistance of this strain to 30 kinds of antibacterial drugs, including mycin G, ampicillin, cephalexin, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, norfloxacin, cotrimoxazole and so on, was determined by disc diffusion method, and the results showed that the strain was sensitive to all the 30 kinds of drugs. After the regression infection experiment, it was inferred that the strain might be involved in the pathogenic process of P. clarkii. The current study could provide certain reference and a theoretical basis for the pathogen identification, drug diagnosis and treatment of E. profundum in P. clarkii.

  Migration Biology and Stress Response of Coilia nasus: A Review ZHU Chunyue, YANG Peimin 2023, 39 (2):  130-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1070 Abstract + ( 154 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1189KB )   ( 31 ) Coilia nasus, commonly known as tapertail anchovy, belongs to the order of Clupeiformes, the family of Engraulidae, and the genus of Coilia. It is one of the important commercial fishery resources in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and related lakes in China. It has delicious taste, superior nutritional value and higher economic value. This paper summarized relevant research on Coilia nasus, including its migratory habits and stress response, and aimed to provide basic information for its resource conservation and industrialization development.

  Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Seawater Ponds FANG Minjie 2023, 39 (2):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0890 Abstract + ( 147 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1259KB )   ( 27 ) In order to study the changes of phytoplankton community in fish-shrimp-shellfish integrated multi-trophic aquaculture seawater ponds and provide a scientific basis for the optimization of culture model and the ecological regulation of aquaculture ponds, sampling and detection were carried out regularly to analyze the phytoplankton community in water and its correlation with nutrient content during the culture period. The results showed that the species number of phytoplankton in the ponds was higher than that in the natural sea areas. The cell density of phytoplankton in the ponds was higher than that in the natural sea areas in the middle and late stage of culture, except that it was slightly lower in the early stage of culture. Skeletonema costatum was the dominant species in the early stage of culture, Scippsiella trochoidea was the absolute dominant species in the middle stage, and Skeletonema costatum, Karenia mikimotoi and Scippsiella trochoidea were the main species in the later stage. The fluctuations of phytoplankton diversity index (H') and evenness index (J) in the ponds were significantly greater than those in the natural sea areas. It showed a trend of succession of phytoplankton community in the ponds from diatoms to dinoflagellates, while diatoms were absolutely dominant in the natural sea areas. There was a significant correlation between the cell density of Karenia mikimotoi and the content of active phosphate.

  The Way of Water Spinach Planting Affecting the Micro-ecological Environment of Pond Water Ecosystem FAN Limin, WANG Qing, CHEN Xi, QIU Liping, MENG Shunlong, SONG Chao, SU Yongteng, HU Gengdong, CHEN Jiazhang 2023, 39 (2):  142-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0046 Abstract + ( 242 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1807KB )   ( 31 ) In order to explore the way of water spinach planting in floating bed affecting the water micro-ecological environment of tilapia aquaculture ponds, water spinach floating beds were set up in the ponds under the 10% coverage. These ponds served as the treatment group, while the other ponds without floating beds served as the control group. After the vigorous growth of water spinach, the samples of water from treatment ponds, control ponds, and the samples of water spinach roots were collected respectively. The DNA of the samples was extracted, part of them was used to amplify the 16S rRNA genes and carry out the high-throughput sequencing, to investigate the effect of water spinach planting on the bacterial community structure in water, and analyze the relationship between the root system of water spinach and the bacterial community structure of surrounding water. Another part of DNA was used to conduct the fluorescent quantitative PCR to determine the copy number of nitrogenase gene, and analyze the effect of water spinach planting on the nitrogenase genes in tilapia aquaculture pond ecosystems. The results showed that the direct effect of water spinach planting on the community structure of planktonic bacteria in the water was not significant; however, the root biofilm of water spinach played an important role as a key part of the pond micro-environment. At the same time, water spinach root biofilm also increased the number of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms per unit volume in pond water.

  Protection Status and Development Countermeasures of National Geographical Indication of Sweetpotato ZOU Yuyan, WANG Lianjun, LEI Jian, CHAI Shasha, JIN Xiaojie, CHENG Xianliang, YANG Xinsun, LI Yanzhi 2023, 39 (2):  152-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0054 Abstract + ( 162 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 34 ) In order to promote the development of sweetpotato geographical indication industry and agricultural economy, a statistical analysis was carried out on the number, protection scope, protection variety and application status of sweetpotato geographical indication and the industrial status of sweetpotato in China. The results showed that: (1) as of December 31 in 2020, a total of 49 kinds of sweetpotato products, produced in 15 provinces including Henan, Sichuan, Shandong etc., had become national geographical indication products; (2) among all sweetpotato national geographical indication products, only the protection scope of Tongren sweetpotato vermicelli was at the prefecture-city level, while the protection scope of other sweetpotato geographical indication products were at the county level or township level; (3) some of these sweetpotato geographical indication products were existing bred varieties, while others were local traditional varieties; (4) by the end of 2020, a total of 18 companies had been authorized by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine to use sweetpotato ‘Geographical Indication Product Special Marks’; (5) the sweetpotato geographical indication industry has gradually developed in China, but there are still some problems. The development countermeasures were proposed according to the status quo: (1) strengthening variety breeding and utilization; (2) establishing national quality standards; (3) enhancing the protection of place of origin; (4) standardizing the use of special marks; (5) building well-known brands. This research will provide reference for promoting the protection of Chinese sweetpotato geographical indications and the development of industrial economy.

  Urban-Rural Integration Development Level of Xinjiang Under the Background of Rural Revitalization: Comprehensive Evaluation of Population, Industry and Public Services WU Wenjie, CHEN Qiao, LU Yongrong, ZHAO Yanmei 2023, 39 (2):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0024 Abstract + ( 247 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1390KB )   ( 35 ) Promoting the integration, coordination and relevance of urban-rural development in economic, social, and ecological aspects is an important way to realize rural revitalization. The article constructed the comprehensive evaluation system of urban-rural integrated development in Xinjiang, measured the urban-rural integrated development index of the study area from 2014 to 2019, and analyzed the influencing factors in order to reveal the trend characteristics and regional differences of urban-rural integrated development within the study area. The results showed that during the study period, (1) Xinjiang’s urban-rural integration development level was generally increasing, and the urban-rural integration development continued to be strengthened; urban-rural public services and industrial economy were the main driving forces for the integrated development, and the population factors and the life quality were the restricting factors of the integrated development; (2) the gap of urban-rural integration development levels among the cities in Xinjiang had been gradually narrowed, and the overall development level grew steadily; the integration of population factors increased rapidly but the integration of public services increased slowly. Therefore, building a multi-level urban spatial pattern of large, medium and small cities and towns, strengthening the construction of main functional areas in central cities, promoting the integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, and accelerating the construction of urban-rural equalized public service systems can be helpful to objectively understanding and evaluating the practice of the integrated urban-rural development in Xinjiang, and coordinating the development of new urbanization and the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy.