Effects of Nitrogen Top-dressing by Stages on Yield and Post-flowering Photosynthetic Characteristics and Nitrogen Utilization of Maize Under Shallow-buried Drip Irrigation

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0078

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the differences of post-flowering photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen utilization and yield formation of maize with different nitrogen fertilizer top-dressing methods under shallow-burial drip irrigation, the maize with one-time top-dressing (CK) and top-dressing by stages (NFQ) of nitrogen were taken as the research object, and the post-flowering leaf source characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen utilization, as well as the yield and yield components were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the post-flowering leaf source characteristics of NFQ were significantly better than those of CK from 2018 to 2020, and the leaf area index, chlorophyll SPAD value and leaf nitrogen content of NFQ increased by 6.35%, 11.02% and 5.34%, respectively. The post-flowering photosynthetic characteristics of NFQ were also significantly better than those of CK, and net photosynthetic rate, instantaneous light energy use efficiency, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation rate of NFQ increased by 6.98%, 4.28%, 20.49% and 12.73%, respectively. The nitrogen accumulation and transport amount of NFQ were significantly higher than those of CK, increased by 23.73% and 19.29% respectively; the yield of NFQ was significantly higher than that of CK, with an average increase of 9.40% in the experimental years, and the significant increase of kernel number per ear and 1000-kernel weight was the main reason for the yield increase. This study recommended that the suitable nitrogen fertilizer top-dressing method for maize production in the well-irrigated area of the West Liaohe Plain should be top-dressing at a ratio of 3:6:1 at the jointing stage, the big flare stage and the silking stage.

Key words: shallow-buried drip irrigation, top-dressing by stages, maize, nitrogen utilization, yield

CLC Number:

S513.047

GE Xuanliang, YANG Hengshan, ZHAO Peijun, LIU Jing, ZHANG Yushan. Effects of Nitrogen Top-dressing by Stages on Yield and Post-flowering Photosynthetic Characteristics and Nitrogen Utilization of Maize Under Shallow-buried Drip Irrigation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(19): 1-7.

Figures/Tables 7

References 23

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项目		数量
灌水定额/(m³/hm²)	播种—出苗期	550
	拔节期—小喇叭口期	425
	大喇叭口期—吐丝期	385+385
	吐丝期—灌浆期	275
	灌浆期—成熟期	190+190
	总计	2400
总灌溉频次/次		7

项目		数量
灌水定额/(m³/hm²)	播种—出苗期	550
	拔节期—小喇叭口期	425
	大喇叭口期—吐丝期	385+385
	吐丝期—灌浆期	275
	灌浆期—成熟期	190+190
	总计	2400
总灌溉频次/次		7

处理	播种—出苗期	拔节期—小喇叭口期	大喇叭口期—吐丝期	吐丝期—灌浆期	灌浆期—成熟期	氮肥追施总量
CK	0	575.86	0	0	0	575.86
NFQ	0	172.76	345.52	57.58	0	575.86

处理	播种—出苗期	拔节期—小喇叭口期	大喇叭口期—吐丝期	吐丝期—灌浆期	灌浆期—成熟期	氮肥追施总量
CK	0	575.86	0	0	0	575.86
NFQ	0	172.76	345.52	57.58	0	575.86

年份	处理	穗数/(×万穗/hm²)	穗粒数/粒	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
2018	NFQ	8.98±0.28a	460±7.33a	356.2±4.11a	12990.0±457.15a
2018	CK	8.64±0.42a	422±14.46b	339.3±7.63b	11640.0±476.24b
2019	NFQ	8.79±0.48a	532±18.87a	364.3±7.02a	13120.0±456.71a
2019	CK	8.47±0.45a	463±10.38b	347.6±7.44b	12093.3±398.04b
2020	NFQ	8.62±0.34a	543±9.10a	370.6±4.02a	13280.0±456.71a
2020	CK	8.41±0.51a	482±6.66b	360.6±3.82b	12283.3±362.95b
施氮方式		ns	^**	^**	^**
年份		ns	^**	^**	ns
施氮方式×年份		ns	ns	ns	ns