Abstract: Based on constructing evaluation index system for regional potentiality of land consolidation and rehabilitation, potentiality of cultivated land consolidation and rehabilitation in Chongqing municipality was quantificationally evaluated using entropy weight method and synthetical evaluation method. The results indicated that indicator weight was followed such a sequence: input-output rate>increasing ratio of forestland proportion >increasing ratio of cultivated land output> increased cultivated land coefficient. The potentiality of cultivated land consolidation and rehabilitation was divided into four grades, and it was highest in ecological economic zones in Three Gorges reservoir area and higher in Western Chongqing Region. Western Chongqing Region, whose development rate and input-output rate were higher, played an important role in the economic development of Chongqing, thus the advantages of cultivated land consolidation potentiality were prominent. The ecological benefits of Three Gorges reservoir area were so high that cultivated land consolidation and rehabilitation could achieve the sustainable development.