Abstract: To analyze the distribution of microalgae in saline lakes of Heilongjiang Province and the influence of physical and chemical factors on the biomass of dominant algae, the saline area lakes of Daqing, Zhaodong and Zhalong in Heilongjiang Province were taken as the research objects, a total of 7 algae strains were isolated and screened in this study, Plackett- Burman test design was used to screen out the significant influence factors, and response surface design was used to optimize the important factors. The results showed that the biomass and oil content of Chorella sorokiniana HDA04, which was separated in saline lakes of Zhaodong, reached the highest. The algal biomass had certain correlation with environmental factors. Under certain conditions, the higher the pH value and salinity, the higher the biomass of C. sorokiniana HDA04 was. When glucose was 21.46 g/L, FeC6H5O7·5H2O was 12 mg/L, K2HPO4·3H2O was 120 mg/L, MgSO4·7H2O was 75 mg/L, pH value was 8.89, fermentation temperature was 32.91℃, the speed was 120 r/min, inoculated in 100 mL BG11 medium with 20% inculation quantity, C. sorokiniana HDA04 biomass was 7.855±0.08 g/L, which was 1.99 times as much as that before optimization, the biomass level increased by 98.9%. This study clarified the influence of physical and chemical factors on the growth rate of C. sorokiniana HDA04, and laid a foundation for further study on microalgae.