The Effect of Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0160

Abstract

Abstract:

The paper aims to explore the interaction effects of nitrogen application rate and planting density on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat. Under the condition of field positioning experiment in 2017 and 2018, ‘Aikang 58’ was used as experimental material to study the effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation and transport, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat, with three sowing densities of 112.5, 150 and 187.5 kg/hm² and four nitrogen application levels of 0, 180, 240 and 300 kg/hm². The results showed that under the same sowing density, the transport amount of dry matter stored after anthesis and its contribution rate to grain yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level, while the trend before anthesis was opposite; the population tiller number, spike number, grain number per spike and yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application level, but the thousand seed weight and nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level. In addition, the negative effects of reducing nitrogen application rate on wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency could be offset by increasing planting density. Therefore, the reasonable combination of nitrogen application rate and planting density can improve wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The recommended nitrogen application rate for winter wheat is 240 kg/hm² and the planting density is 150 kg/hm².

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, planting density, nitrogen use efficiency, dry matter transport, grain yield, winter wheat

CLC Number:

S512.1
S311

Liu Weixing, Zhang Wenjie, Wang Jiarui, Ma Geng, Kang Juan, Wang Chenyang. The Effect of Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(22): 5-10.

Figures/Tables 5

References 25

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处理	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	硝态氮/(g/kg)
N0	7.35a	8.02a	0.42b	14.51a	152.04b	11.27c
N1	7.32a	6.59c	0.48a	9.98c	95.81c	21.17b
N2	7.22b	7.52ab	0.49a	12.16b	151.41b	26.78b
N3	7.19b	6.92bc	0.47a	15.06a	191.43a	36.56a

处理	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	硝态氮/(g/kg)
N0	7.35a	8.02a	0.42b	14.51a	152.04b	11.27c
N1	7.32a	6.59c	0.48a	9.98c	95.81c	21.17b
N2	7.22b	7.52ab	0.49a	12.16b	151.41b	26.78b
N3	7.19b	6.92bc	0.47a	15.06a	191.43a	36.56a

处理		营养器官花前储藏同化物转运量/(kg/hm²)	营养器官花前储藏同化物转运率/%	开花前储藏干物质转运量对籽粒的贡献率/%	开花后光合同化量（输入籽粒部分）/(kg/hm²)	开花后干物质积累量对籽粒产量的贡献率/%
D1	N0	2875.93b	31.91a	59.47a	1960.25d	40.53d
	N1	618.11c	5.15d	7.16d	8019.04a	92.84a
	N2	2747.89b	19.33c	32.97c	5586.13b	67.03b
	N3	4041.99a	25.43b	47.88b	4399.06c	52.12c
D2	N0	2901.98b	31.33a	60.33a	1908.42d	39.67d
	N1	929.95d	7.25d	10.80d	7682.19a	89.20a
	N2	2603.19c	18.05c	31.75c	5596.43b	68.25b
	N3	4019.90a	25.16b	47.94b	4365.68c	52.06c
D3	N0	2978.70a	32.07a	60.41a	1952.02d	39.59c
	N1	1276.09d	9.82c	14.90c	7289.18a	85.10a
	N2	2632.88b	18.25b	31.99b	5596.43b	68.01b
	N3	2636.69b	16.48b	35.01b	4895.32c	64.99b

处理		营养器官花前储藏同化物转运量/(kg/hm²)	营养器官花前储藏同化物转运率/%	开花前储藏干物质转运量对籽粒的贡献率/%	开花后光合同化量（输入籽粒部分）/(kg/hm²)	开花后干物质积累量对籽粒产量的贡献率/%
D1	N0	2875.93b	31.91a	59.47a	1960.25d	40.53d
	N1	618.11c	5.15d	7.16d	8019.04a	92.84a
	N2	2747.89b	19.33c	32.97c	5586.13b	67.03b
	N3	4041.99a	25.43b	47.88b	4399.06c	52.12c
D2	N0	2901.98b	31.33a	60.33a	1908.42d	39.67d
	N1	929.95d	7.25d	10.80d	7682.19a	89.20a
	N2	2603.19c	18.05c	31.75c	5596.43b	68.25b
	N3	4019.90a	25.16b	47.94b	4365.68c	52.06c
D3	N0	2978.70a	32.07a	60.41a	1952.02d	39.59c
	N1	1276.09d	9.82c	14.90c	7289.18a	85.10a
	N2	2632.88b	18.25b	31.99b	5596.43b	68.01b
	N3	2636.69b	16.48b	35.01b	4895.32c	64.99b

处理		穗数	穗粒数	千粒重/g	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²)
D1	N0	327.33b	30.09b	49.13a	4836.25c
	N1	603.63a	31.31a	48.23b	7896.18b
	N2	612.94a	31.63a	46.58c	8441.32a
	N3	617.36a	31.95a	46.25c	8395.65a
D2	N0	328.57b	30.53b	49.02a	4930.74c
	N1	612.95a	31.04a	47.68b	8437.28b
	N2	620.56a	31.37a	47.02b	9024.27a
	N3	625.13a	31.72a	46.05c	8831.62b
D3	N0	345.83b	30.28a	48.85a	4810.41d
	N1	623.96a	29.84b	47.45b	8199.26c
	N2	630.24a	30.26a	46.72c	8565.27a
	N3	635.68a	30.81a	46.03c	8109.21b