Analysis of Growth and Development of Hybrid F1 Generation of German Simmental and Holstein

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0314

Abstract

Abstract:

The study aims to analyze the growth and development law of the hybrid F₁ generation between German Simmental bulls and Chinese Holstein cows, build model of the body size growth law of hybrid F₁ generation cows, and explore the difference of body size between hybrid F₁ generation cows and Holstein cows at 3, 6, 13 and 18-month-old levels under the same condition. The body size data, including body height, cross height, body oblique length, chest circumference, abdominal circumference and maximum hip breadth of hybrid F₁ generation bulls (0-6 months)，hybrid F₁ generation cows (0-23 months) and 3, 6, 13, and 18-month-old Holstein cows were measured. Logistic, Brody, Gompertz and Bertallanffy were used as models to fit the relationship between body size and month age of hybrid F₁ cows, and the curve fitting effect was evaluated by curve fitting degree R². The results showed that the body size indicators of hybrid F₁ generation cattle all showed an increasing trend with the increase of months, but the growth rates of different body size indicators were different. Before the age of 5 months, the average growth of body height, cross body height, body oblique length, chest circumference and abdominal circumference of F₁ generation cows was 5.31, 5.99, 8.33, 11.11 and 16.29 cm/month. At the age of 6 months, the growth rate of each indicator became smaller, increased by 1.76, 2.99, 6.34, 7.81 and 7.56 cm/month, respectively. However, this slow growth trend was alleviated at the age of 7 and 8 months. After the age of 9 months, the body size indicators increased relatively steadily, and after reaching the age of 17 months, the indicators increased slowly. The average growth rate of body height, cross body height, body oblique length, chest circumference and abdominal circumference of hybrid F₁ generation bulls at 6 months of age was 4.29, 4.76, 6.76, 9.34 and 14.73 cm/month. After 3 months of age, all the body size indicators of hybrid F₁ generation cows were higher than those of Holstein cows. The body size index curves fitted in this experiment can be used as a model for estimating the growth law of hybrid F₁ generation of German Simmental and Holstein, and provide basic data for the hybridization improvement of Chinese Holstein cattle with the introduction of German Simmental cattle.

Key words: German Simmental, hybrid F₁ generation, growth and development, body size

CHEN Lili, ZHAO Kang, ZHANG Man, XU Baoliang, LU Na, YANG Chunlei, LIU Jiashuang, QI Xingyu, MA Yi. Analysis of Growth and Development of Hybrid F₁ Generation of German Simmental and Holstein[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(10): 123-129.

Figures/Tables 6

References 18

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项目		含量
日粮组成	玉米	0.72%
	豆粕	3.62%
	喷浆玉米皮	2.90%
	低脂DDGS	2.90%
	菜籽粕	1.45%
	脱霉剂	0.07%
	预混料	1.45%
	青贮玉米	50.69%
	裹包苜蓿	28.96%
	麦秸	7.24%
营养水平	干物质	48.99%
	代谢能	1.40 Mcal/kg
	粗蛋白	15.70%
	过瘤胃蛋白比例	60.60%
	能量	3.03%
	淀粉	13.42%
	中性洗涤纤维	40.57%
	酸性洗涤纤维	24.95%
	钙	1.07%
	磷	0.41%

项目		含量
日粮组成	玉米	0.72%
	豆粕	3.62%
	喷浆玉米皮	2.90%
	低脂DDGS	2.90%
	菜籽粕	1.45%
	脱霉剂	0.07%
	预混料	1.45%
	青贮玉米	50.69%
	裹包苜蓿	28.96%
	麦秸	7.24%
营养水平	干物质	48.99%
	代谢能	1.40 Mcal/kg
	粗蛋白	15.70%
	过瘤胃蛋白比例	60.60%
	能量	3.03%
	淀粉	13.42%
	中性洗涤纤维	40.57%
	酸性洗涤纤维	24.95%
	钙	1.07%
	磷	0.41%

月龄	体高		十字部位高		体斜长		胸围		腹围	尻宽
0月龄	76.29±4.58		81.40±4.55		69.81±4.30		81.34±6.28		86.22±4.09	5.31±1.01
1月龄	82.27±4.10		88.75±5.49		78.37±7.22		92.68±12.28		101.95±8.34	6.82±2.17
2月龄	87.14±5.01		94.78±17.34		85.92±6.71		102.86±23.24		114.41±7.57	7.82±1.58
3月龄	93.21±4.93		100.22±5.35		95.85±8.10		117.22±13.97		141.51±10.19	8.77±1.97
4月龄	97.44±5.11		105.08±3.95		103.52±8.21		124.78±10.67		152.51±6.95	9.67±1.39
5月龄	102.89±3.64		111.36±4.49		111.46±6.03		136.90±8.00		167.67±5.30	10.40±1.61
6月龄	104.65±12.59		114.35±3.89		117.80±6.76		144.71±7.86		175.23±7.02	11.34±1.66
7月龄	108.31±4.18		116.80±4.52		120.75±5.98		149.37±9.73		181.99±7.37	11.63±1.29
8月龄	111.41±4.08		120.41±3.59		125.59±6.94		155.00±7.83		189.82±7.96	12.05±1.22
9月龄	113.73±4.45		123.03±4.13		128.35±5.77		159.45±6.79		194.77±7.11	12.70±1.94
10月龄	114.4±3.98		124.71±3.94		130.24±4.86		160.00±6.99		196.69±7.99	13.13±1.08
11月龄	116.29±3.68		126.05±4.11		132.07±5.05		162.98±7.90		201.14±6.28	13.13±1.15
12月龄	119.18±3.36		128.99±4.04		134.54±5.61		168.15±8.43		204.96±5.93	13.66±1.30
13月龄	121.28±4.15		130.81±3.81		137.39±6.49		170.73±9.20		206.43±6.92	14.26±1.03
月龄	体高	十字部位高		体斜长		胸围		腹围		尻宽
14月龄	124.38±4.07	132.45±4.48		141.24±6.48		175.81±7.87		213.58±6.55		14.56±1.49
15月龄	126.31±4.00	135.42±3.01		143.93±4.00		183.65±7.10		219.33±9.46		15.34±1.66
16月龄	127.30±4.13	135.81±5.03		143.75±8.60		188.21±10.2		220.26±11.97		15.94±2.27
17月龄	131.47±5.13	138.21±4.94		146.53±8.25		187.18±10.27		226.53±8.67		16.44±1.57
18月龄	133.65±4.42	141.35±3.43		146.39±7.18		194.49±8.08		234.63±7.56		17.84±2.60
19月龄	134.87±4.95	140.64±3.85		149.80±5.86		195.91±5.81		235.14±5.27		17.11±3.02
20月龄	134.90±4.64	141.67±3.47		153.98±6.82		200.74±7.94		241.46±5.76		16.30±2.74
21月龄	134.01±2.98	141.49±2.95		160.27±5.26		200.08±10.83		244.70±5.64		17.08±2.06
22月龄	135.44±2.59	143.14±2.85		162.94±5.79		204.18±7.81		247.61±4.40		15.80±1.55
23月龄	137.50±4.10	145.68±3.10		163.95±9.78		206.95±6.84		253.35±6.54		18.15±1.12

月龄	体高		十字部位高		体斜长		胸围		腹围	尻宽
0月龄	76.29±4.58		81.40±4.55		69.81±4.30		81.34±6.28		86.22±4.09	5.31±1.01
1月龄	82.27±4.10		88.75±5.49		78.37±7.22		92.68±12.28		101.95±8.34	6.82±2.17
2月龄	87.14±5.01		94.78±17.34		85.92±6.71		102.86±23.24		114.41±7.57	7.82±1.58
3月龄	93.21±4.93		100.22±5.35		95.85±8.10		117.22±13.97		141.51±10.19	8.77±1.97
4月龄	97.44±5.11		105.08±3.95		103.52±8.21		124.78±10.67		152.51±6.95	9.67±1.39
5月龄	102.89±3.64		111.36±4.49		111.46±6.03		136.90±8.00		167.67±5.30	10.40±1.61
6月龄	104.65±12.59		114.35±3.89		117.80±6.76		144.71±7.86		175.23±7.02	11.34±1.66
7月龄	108.31±4.18		116.80±4.52		120.75±5.98		149.37±9.73		181.99±7.37	11.63±1.29
8月龄	111.41±4.08		120.41±3.59		125.59±6.94		155.00±7.83		189.82±7.96	12.05±1.22
9月龄	113.73±4.45		123.03±4.13		128.35±5.77		159.45±6.79		194.77±7.11	12.70±1.94
10月龄	114.4±3.98		124.71±3.94		130.24±4.86		160.00±6.99		196.69±7.99	13.13±1.08
11月龄	116.29±3.68		126.05±4.11		132.07±5.05		162.98±7.90		201.14±6.28	13.13±1.15
12月龄	119.18±3.36		128.99±4.04		134.54±5.61		168.15±8.43		204.96±5.93	13.66±1.30
13月龄	121.28±4.15		130.81±3.81		137.39±6.49		170.73±9.20		206.43±6.92	14.26±1.03
月龄	体高	十字部位高		体斜长		胸围		腹围		尻宽
14月龄	124.38±4.07	132.45±4.48		141.24±6.48		175.81±7.87		213.58±6.55		14.56±1.49
15月龄	126.31±4.00	135.42±3.01		143.93±4.00		183.65±7.10		219.33±9.46		15.34±1.66
16月龄	127.30±4.13	135.81±5.03		143.75±8.60		188.21±10.2		220.26±11.97		15.94±2.27
17月龄	131.47±5.13	138.21±4.94		146.53±8.25		187.18±10.27		226.53±8.67		16.44±1.57
18月龄	133.65±4.42	141.35±3.43		146.39±7.18		194.49±8.08		234.63±7.56		17.84±2.60
19月龄	134.87±4.95	140.64±3.85		149.80±5.86		195.91±5.81		235.14±5.27		17.11±3.02
20月龄	134.90±4.64	141.67±3.47		153.98±6.82		200.74±7.94		241.46±5.76		16.30±2.74
21月龄	134.01±2.98	141.49±2.95		160.27±5.26		200.08±10.83		244.70±5.64		17.08±2.06
22月龄	135.44±2.59	143.14±2.85		162.94±5.79		204.18±7.81		247.61±4.40		15.80±1.55
23月龄	137.50±4.10	145.68±3.10		163.95±9.78		206.95±6.84		253.35±6.54		18.15±1.12

月龄	体高	十字部位高	体斜长	胸围	腹围	尻宽
0月龄	77.04±4.04	81.59±4.92	72.90±5.40	82.88±6.11	87.73±7.93	4.96±1.38
1月龄	82.98±3.69	90.35±3.50	80.52±3.60	93.88±3.82	103.17±7.40	6.55±1.14
2月龄	87.18±3.84	93.69±4.32	87.78±4.19	107.00±17.23	116.77±10.56	6.33±1.53
3月龄	89.06±6.61	96.73±6.06	91.94±9.80	108.18±12.08	128.27±22.31	7.53±2.00
4月龄	97.41±3.93	105.31±4.13	105.06±5.91	125.14±6.51	156.90±8.45	8.79±1.14
5月龄	102.75±4.18	110.54±4.57	112.95±5.97	138.98±6.11	172.54±7.80	9.25±1.24
6月龄	102.79±4.37	110.17±3.81	113.46±4.25	138.93±4.12	176.09±4.68	9.73±1.96

Analysis of Growth and Development of Hybrid F₁ Generation of German Simmental and Holstein

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月龄	组别	体高	十字部	体斜长	胸围	腹围	尻宽
3月龄	杂交F₁代	93.21±4.93	100.22±5.35	95.85±8.10	117.22±13.97	141.51±10.19	8.77±1.97
3月龄	荷斯坦	96.52±4.48	101.88±5.81	100.08±7.56	114.19±9.47	135.42±17.86	8.13±0.85
6月龄	杂交F₁代	104.65±12.59	114.35±3.89	117.80±6.76	144.71±7.86	175.23^a±7.02	11.34±1.66
6月龄	荷斯坦	103.52±4.46	112.37±4.16	115.55±7.06	143.84±10.81	165.17^b±14.29	10.62±0.65
13月龄	杂交F₁代	121.28±4.15	130.81±3.81	137.39±6.49	170.73±9.20	206.43±6.92	14.26±1.03
13月龄	荷斯坦	120.55±7.72	128.03±5.74	135.63±5.86	168.75±5.67	204.80±6.10	12.95±0.49
18月龄	杂交F₁代	133.65±4.42	141.35±3.43	146.39±7.18	194.49±8.08	234.63±7.56	17.84±2.60
18月龄	荷斯坦	131.94±2.22	140.41±3.01	145.57±2.19	184.61±5.25	227.00±3.97	15.67±2.05

项目	模型	公式模型	A	B	K
体高	Brody	Y=A(1-Be^-^kt)	150.120	0.474	0.074
十字部位高	Brody	Y=A(1-Be^-^kt)	150.434	0.447	0.099
胸围	Bertallanffy	Y=A(1-Be^-^kt)³	214.806	0.256	0.110
腹围	Brody	Y=A(1-Be^-^kt)	251.614	0.645	0.117
体斜长	Bertallanffy	Y=A(1-Be^-^kt)³	159.799	0.236	0.135

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