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  Ecological Adaptability and Comprehensive Evaluation of Tobacco Leaf Yield and Quality of 7 Tobacco Varieties in Lijiang Tobacco Planting Area of Yunnan Province RONG Lei, XUE Zhiqin, DENG Chenxiao, LUO Kun, GAO Chongliang, LI Shenghai, WANG Yijie, WANG Yanni, CAI Xianjie, YAN Ding, YU Lei, HUANG Feiyan, HAN Tianhua Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (22): 17-23.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0639 Abstract + (409)    HTML (1)    PDF (1304KB) (121)       Knowledge map    The paper aims to explore the ecological adaptability of different tobacco varieties in Lijiang tobacco planting area, select the dominant tobacco varieties suitable for local planting, and improve the yield, quality and leaf style of cultivation of tobacco. Using the main locally grown variety ‘Yunyan 87’ as a control, a total of 7 tobacco varieties were selected for field experiments to investigate the growth and agronomic traits of tobacco during the field stage. The economic traits of each variety were counted and various quality indicators of cured tobacco leaves were evaluated. The results showed that the field growth period of ‘Yunyan 116’ variety was shorter and the economic characteristics were better, the comprehensive quality of cured tobacco leaves from ‘PVH1452’ and ‘Yunyan 121’ was high, and the agronomic characteristics of the conventional main planting variety ‘Yunyan 87’ were better, but the growth period was longer and the chemical composition was not coordinated. In the wet valley tobacco planting area with similar ecological environment in Lijiang City, ‘Yunyan 116’ had strong ecological adaptability and good tobacco quality, and the economic benefits were high, which could be widely verified and promoted as the main local variety. The comprehensive quality performance of ‘PVH1452’ and ‘Yunyan 121’ tobacco leaves was excellent, but there was still a lot of room for improvement in yield and revenue. They can be further developed and researched as reserve varieties to enhance the regional characteristics of Lijiang.

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  Characteristics Analysis of Nationally Approved Rice Varieties in Huanghuai Rice Area from 2013 to 2022 GAO Guoliang, GAO Farui, ZHANG Qiaoling, FENG Wenjie, WANG Qiuyun, HUANG Xincheng Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (21): 1-11.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0664 Abstract + (265)    HTML (8)    PDF (1760KB) (31)       Knowledge map    In order to explore the breeding direction of new rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region, this study focused on nationally approved rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region in the past 10 years (2013-2022), and analyzed the basic situation, characters, and change trends of rice varieties. The results showed that the number of nationally approved rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region first increased and then decreased. The average annual increment in yield was 49.5 kg/hm2. The four yield factors including effective panicles, grain numbers per panicle, seed setting rate, and 1000-grain weight all assumed an increase with each year, increasing by 3600/hm2, 1.03 grains, 0.12%, and 0.11g respectively. Grain numbers per panicle and 1000-grain weight contributed more to the yield growth, while the effective panicles were negatively correlated with yield. The head rice rate and amylose content were relatively ideal, while chalkiness degree was poor. Gel consistency showed a decreasing trend. The neck blast gradually became heavier. The breeding of rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region should focus on pursuing large panicles on the basis of appropriate number of panicles, and ensure seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight by enhancing photosynthetic characteristic through ideal plant type; chalkiness was the main indicator limiting the quality of rice in the Huanghuai rice region, and attention should be paid to the selection of gel consistency; the resistance of rice blast resistant genes was weakening, and it was necessary to continue exploring and introducing resistance sources or resistance genes.

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  Control Effect of Isopyrazam·Tebuconazole 40% SC on Controlling Citrus Melanose LIN Jieying, HUANG Feng, CUI Yiping, LING Jinfeng, GUO Bin, SONG Xiaobing Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (28): 143-147.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0025 Abstract + (256)    HTML (1)    PDF (1215KB) (154)       Knowledge map    The study aims to screen the safe and efficient fungicide for controlling citrus melanose, clarify the control effect and the appropriate dosage of the new compound isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC on citrus melanose. Field efficacy tests of the new compound isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC for controlling citrus melanose were carried out for two consecutive years from 2021 to 2022. The results of the two years experiments showed that isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC 200 mg/kg had a good control effect on citrus melanose. After three times of application in 2021, the control effect of isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC 200 mg/kg on citrus leaves citrus melanose and fruits citrus melanose were 79.60% and 77.97%, respectively. After three times of application in 2022, the control effect of isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC 200 mg/kg on citrus leaves citrus melanose and fruits citrus melanose were 81.65% and 76.37%, respectively, which were significantly better than 20% isopyrazam wettable powder and 430 g/L tebuconazole suspension. The isopyrazam·tebuconazole 40% SC is safe and efficient for the prevention and treatment of citrus, which is worthy of application in the demonstration and promotion of citrus melanose control.

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  The Quality Protein Maize ‘Quanyu No.9’: QTL Mapping of Main Nutritional Quality Traits LI Yan, LIANG Zenghao, YANG Rongzhi, LIU Zhitao, TAN Jun, DENG Luchang, CHEN Jie, YANG Lin, HE Wenzhu, ZHU Yonghui, TANG Haitao Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (23): 16-21.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0889 Abstract + (251)    HTML (3)    PDF (1204KB) (43)       Knowledge map    Oil, protein and starch are the main nutritional components of maize kernels, and they are also important quality traits of maize. In order to explore more QTLs related to maize quality, the F2:3 population constructed by quality protein maize 'Quanyu No.9' was used as the material to measure the quality traits in Xindu and Jianyang. QTL analysis was performed using ICIM mapping4.1 software. In this study, a total of 24 QTLs for quality traits were detected in the two locations, of which 9, 9 and 2 QTLs were only associated with oil content, protein content and starch content, respectively, and 4 QTLs were associated with multiple quality traits. These QTLs were distributed on 10 chromosomes, and the phenotypic contribution rate explained by a single QTL was 1.92%-34.43%. The QTL located in Bin7.01 (6399330-8305989) on the chromosome was detectable in both environments, explaining 12.68%-18.13% of phenotypic variation with additive effects. It is the major QTL controlling oil content in corn. This study provides basic data for molecular assisted breeding of maize quality improvement and provides strong support for subsequent breeding practice.

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  Advances in Leaf Color Change Mechanism and Breeding of Osmanthus fragrans TU Xunliang, JIANG Yu, QIN Fan, WANG Jin, WAN Bin Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (28): 42-50.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0836 Abstract + (235)    HTML (1)    PDF (1961KB) (962)       Knowledge map    The author briefly outlined the fundamental concepts of the Osmanthus fragrans colour group and categorized the existing new varieties based on leaf coloration-emerging into two types of monochromatic and polychromatic (chimera). This article elaborated on the three types of pigments presented in the leaves-chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins, their contents and ratios, as well as the influencing factors and leaf color change mechanisms. Furthermore, it summarized the characteristics and current applications of cross-breeding, mutation breeding, and genetic engineering in O. fragrans. It also suggested strengthening the functional analysis of genes involved in the O. fragrans colour group and innovation in breeding technology, to obtain breakthrough new varieties with superior traits, strong adaptability, and excellent ornamental qualities, aiming to propel the continuous development of the O. fragrans colour group breeding program.

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  Analysis of Impact of Freezing Damage from April 28th to 29th, 2023 on Flowering Period of Apples in Longdong QIU Ninggang, ZHANG Tianfeng, ZHOU Zhongwen, ZHANG Hongfen, CHEN Fan, SONG Yanan Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (20): 109-114.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0087 Abstract + (234)    HTML (1)    PDF (1375KB) (171)       Knowledge map    The aims were to optimize apple planting areas, improve varieties, increase the output value of economic forests and fruits, revitalize rural economy, and achieve high-quality development of fruit industry. Taking the severe freezing damage process of apples in Longdong from April 28th to 29th, 2023 as an example, the hourly meteorological element changes during this process in representative areas of apple cultivation in Longdong, such as Qingcheng (Chicheng), Heshui (Hejiapan), Xifeng (Wenquan), Ningxian (Zaosheng, Panke), Zhengning (Gonghe), Zhenyuan (Fangshan), and Pingliang (Jingning) were used to study the correlation between the minimum temperature and low temperature duration of different varieties and different planting areas and the freezing grade of apple stamens by statistical methods. Temperature observation data from 8 national meteorological stations from 1971 to 2023 and apple development period data from Xifeng Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station from 1994 to 2023 were also utilized. The results showed that frost damage had a relatively small impact on early maturing apple varieties such as Gala series, Micui, and Pink Lady, as well as late maturing apple varieties such as Ruiyang, Ruixue, and Ruixiang Hong in Longdong. It had a significant impact on the mid maturity variety Fuji. The apple cultivation area is more severe in mountainous and plain areas than in river areas and along the plateau. Due to climate change, the flowering period of apples in Longdong is advanced. When the temperature drops below -2℃, the degree of frost damage will increase with the decrease of temperature and the increase of duration. During the flowering period of apples, low temperature is the dominant factor affecting frost damage, while the minimum temperature and duration of low temperature are key indicators determining the degree of frost damage. If the temperature continues to fall below the tolerance limit of apple flowering, the occurrence and severity of frost damage will increase with the prolongation of low temperature, and will be verified by actual disaster situations.

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  Preliminary Study on Control Effects of Five Herbicides on Invasive Species of Xanthium sibiricum in Ningxia LU Zhanjun, YANG Hongbo, DU Wei, LI Zongze, SUN Faguo, YANG Junli, CHEN Caifang, GAO Yong, WANG Shengming, WU Ping Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (24): 129-132.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0833 Abstract + (219)    HTML (2)    PDF (1100KB) (79)       Knowledge map    This study aims to screen one or two kinds of herbicides which are suitable for the control of X. sibiricum in Ningxia region. The plant control effects and fresh weight control effects of 5 herbicides, including 2 methyl 4 chlorodimethylamine salt, fluroxypyr, saflufenacil·glyphosate, nitrosulone, topramezone on X. sibiricum, were determined by field experiments. After 21 days, the results of plant control effects showed that among the five herbicides, 2 methyl 4 chlorodimethylamine salt 60% AS with 750 mL/hm2, fluroxypyr 200 g/L EC with 900 mL/hm2, and saflufenacil·glyphosate 40% OD with 1500 mL/hm2 presented excellent plant control effect, and the control effects were 96.62%, 98.31%, and 100%, respectively; the results of fresh weight control effects showed that fluroxypyr 200 g/L EC with 900 mL/hm2 and saflufenacil·glyphosate 40% OD with 1500 mL/hm2 had remarkable control effects, which were 93.94% and 100%, respectively. Based on the results of control effects, as well as the different crops, the biocidal herbicide saflufenacil·glyphosate can be selected for the control of X. sibiricum in wasteland, forest land, ditches, etc. In the control of X. sibiricum in gramineous crop fields such as wheat and corn, fluroxypyr herbicides were the first choice.

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  Effect of Spraying Time of Atailing on Prevention and Control of Grape Diseases and Grape Quality HAO Jianyu, CHEN Wenchao, WANG Weijun, JING Gang, JIA Qingbing, WANG Yan, HU Yang, DING Jie, ZHANG Bochao Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (22): 137-142.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0595 Abstract + (206)    HTML (2)    PDF (1254KB) (31)       Knowledge map    An experiment was conducted to explore a suitable period for spraying the biological pesticide Atailing on grapes in the area of Zhangjiakou, which would realize the prevention and control of grape diseases rationally and enhance the quality of grapes. In the experiment, 0.1% concentration of Atailing was sprayed at different growth stages of 1-year old ‘Miguang’ grape and 2016 planted ‘Fengguang’ grape respectively from 2020 to 2022 in order to observe the occurrence of grape downy mildew, the growth condition of the 1-year old ‘Miguang’ grape, and the fruit quality of ‘Fengguang’ grape. The results showed that the incidence rate of downy mildew was reduced by 14.2 percentage points, the disease index was reduced by 7.53, the perimeter of the grape trunk 20 cm above the ground was increased by 0.86 cm, and the length of the mature branch of the grape was increased by 65.17 cm when 0.1% concentration Atailing was sprayed twice at the stages of 4-6 leaves on the 1-year old ‘Miguang’ grape. While, the experiment results also showed that the incidence rate of downy mildew was reduced by 15.73 percentage points, the disease index was reduced by 9.64, the peel color of the grapes became blue black, the weight of a single ‘Fengguang’ grape was increased by 2.60 g, and the soluble solids content of the grape was increased by 1.47 percentage points, and the titratable acid content of ‘Fengguang’ grape was reduced by 0.12 percentage points, and the solid-acid ratio of ‘Fengguang’ grape was increased by 15.09 when 0.1% concentration Atailing was sprayed twice before the flowering time of ‘Fengguang’ grape. In conclusion, the biological agent of Atailing could enhance the grape resistance to diseases and reduce the incidence rate of grape diseases; also, it had certain effects on improving the growth condition and fruit quality of grapes.

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  Increase of Organic Carbon Accumulation in Deep Soil of Paddy Fields by Long Term Continuous Cropping of Zizania latifolia ZHANG Lijun, ZHANG Mingkui Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (15): 88-95.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0519 Abstract + (169)    HTML (3)    PDF (1051KB) (160)       Knowledge map    To understand the changes of organic carbon pool and its components in paddy soils after long-term continuous cropping of Zizania latifolia, six groups of farmlands with the same soil type, varying in Zizania latifolia plantation years of 0 (control), 2-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-35, were selected, and soil samples of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm layers were collected. Soil organic carbon, different stable forms of organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of the plantation time of Zizania latifolia, the soil bulk density decreased gradually from the upper layer to the lower layer, the total amount of soil organic carbon, highly active organic carbon, moderately active organic carbon, low active organic carbon, inert organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in each of soil layers gradually increased, with the most obvious increase in 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers. Meanwhile, the proportion of highly active organic carbon in deep soil increased significantly. The storage proportion of total organic carbon and various forms of organic carbon of 20-80 cm soil layers in all of 0-80 cm soil layers also increased gradually, showing the characteristics of organic carbon accumulation in deep soil. The main reasons for the rapid accumulation of organic carbon and the increase of organic carbon activity in the deep soil of farmland planted with Zizania latifolia were the gradual disappearance of the plough pan and the formation of the soft paste layer caused by deep tillage, long-term flooding and frequent human trampling in the field during the production of Zizania latifolia.

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  Migration Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soil-Wheat System XUE Zhiwei, GAO Feng, HUANG Qingqing, YANG Chunling Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (30): 48-54.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0171 Abstract + (168)    HTML (5)    PDF (1236KB) (330)       Knowledge map    Winter wheat is one of the main food crops in China. The enrichment characteristics and potential risks of heavy metals were discussed to provide reference for rational planting of wheat and grain safety and quality. The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni in soil and wheat grain samples collected from typical farmland in northern Henan were determined, and the pollution and ecological risk of heavy metals were evaluated. The results showed that the average contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni in soil were 11397.33, 287.83, 23.33, 7.41, 31.41 and 8.56 mg/kg, respectively. Most of the elements showed a significant positive correlation; the single pollution evaluation and comprehensive pollution evaluation of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni were clean. The average contents of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni in wheat grains were 30.42, 61.75, 23.17, 1.52, 0.28 and 0.16 mg/kg, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between individual elements. The contents of Fe, Zn, Cu were lower than the maximum tolerable content of wheat, and the content of Mn was higher than the maximum tolerable content of wheat. The comprehensive pollution evaluation of Cr was mild pollution, and the pollution evaluation of Ni was clean. There was a synergistic or antagonistic effect between heavy metals in the soil-wheat system. The enrichment coefficient of wheat grain to soil heavy metals was Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Fe. The risk of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in northern Henan is low.

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  Effects of Combined Application of Cow Manure and Desulfurized Gypsum on Coastal Saline Soil and Growth of Wheat ZHANG Keyi, XIAO Hui, TIAN Xiuping, ZHANG Hui, CHENG Wenjuan, PAN Jie, DONG Yuchen Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (30): 66-74.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0016 Abstract + (168)    HTML (1)    PDF (1480KB) (11)       Knowledge map    To investigate the effect of combined application of livestock manure and desulfurized gypsum on improving coastal saline-alkali soil, this study used coastal saline-alkali soil in Jinghai District, Tianjin as the experimental object. Through setting up field plot experiments, the effects of different application rates of cow manure and desulfurized gypsum on soil pH, total salt, soil ion composition, wheat plant height, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per spike and yield were analyzed to provide technical reference for the treatment of coastal saline-alkali land. The results showed that all 9 different combinations of desulfurized gypsum and cow manure could reduce soil pH, with LDLG, LDMG and LDHG treatments having the best effect, reducing pH by 2%-5%. Compared with the ion composition of CK, under the same application amount of cow manure, the contents of Na+, HCO3- and Cl- in LDLG, LDMG and LDHG were significantly reduced, while the contents of K+, SO42-, Mg2+ and Ca2+ showed increasing trends. Na+ decreased by 15.71%-24.21% compared with CK; Ca2+ increased by 110.69%-880.67%. Mg2+ increased by 133.41%-525.31%; HCO3- decreased by 22.91%-59.01%; Cl- decreased by 35.51%-48.22%; K+ increased by 16.41%-70.02%; SO42- increased by 123.21%-351.19%, and SAR value decreased by 65.59%-89.81%. The application of desulfurized gypsum and cow manure could significantly increase wheat plant height and yield, with plant height increasing by 4.78%-14.79%, and HDLG treatment reaching the maximum plant height of 64.67 cm; yield increased by -11.37%-19.55%, reaching the maximum value in LDMG. The study showed that the amount of desulfurized gypsum was significantly positively correlated with soil total salt content, and the amount of desulfurized gypsum and cow manure was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH. Under a fixed amount of cow manure, the soil total salt content showed an increasing trend with the increase of desulfurized gypsum application; under a fixed amount of desulfurized gypsum, the soil total salt content decreased with the increase of cow manure application.

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  Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Climate Change and Its Impact on Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Qinghai Province from 1980 To 2022 LEI Youhong, LEI Zhanjiao, ZHANG Ying, MA Ning, HU Wenjuan, REN Deping Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (29): 87-95.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0846 Abstract + (162)    HTML (3)    PDF (1712KB) (240)       Knowledge map    To explore the rules of climate change in the Qinghai Plateau Region and its impact on agricultural and animal husbandry production, based on the temperature and precipitation data of 39 meteorological stations in Qinghai and the highland barley yield observed by Menyuan Agricultural Meteorological Station from 1980 to 2022, the linear trend analysis method and Pearson correlation coefficient method were adopted, the rules of spatial and temporal distribution of air temperature and precipitation in Qinghai Region and its impact on agricultural and animal husbandry production were studied and analyzed. Research showed that the average air temperature in the whole province increased at a rate of 0.47℃/(10a) in the last 43 years. The air temperature was relatively low from the 1980s to the 1990s. In 1998, the air temperature started to increase; the spatial distribution of the air temperature was uneven, it was the highest in the east, followed by that in the southwest and northwest, and that in the central region and southeast was the lowest; and the increase of air temperature was related to altitude. The higher the altitude is, the higher the increase rate of the air temperature is, and vice versa. The precipitation had a trend of increase, the changing trend was 11.5mm·(10a)-1, the annual fluctuation of precipitation was relatively large, and increase and decrease alternated, but there was no obvious rule; the increase rate was relatively low in the 1980s, that in the 1990s was negative, and precipitation in the 2010s increased greatly; and the precipitation was characterized by uneven spatial distribution and it decreased level by level from southeast to northwest. Besides, water and heat conditions are indispensable in agricultural and animal husbandry production. Especially in the growing season of crops, water and heat conditions complement each other and are indispensable. Climate change of increase of air temperature and humidity has more advantages than disadvantages to agricultural and animal husbandry production.

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  Effects of Topping Methods on Grade Structure, Yield and Quality of ‘Yunshai-1’ Yellow Sun-cured Tobacco ZHEN Anzhong, TANG Xubing, ZHAO Bin, DUAN Kaiwei, LEI Jiazhong, FANG Bao, LI Guangxi, FU Yanyan, LU Yao Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (19): 1-6.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0558 Abstract + (161)    HTML (7)    PDF (1234KB) (104)       Knowledge map    In order to meet the application demand of cigarette industry for yellow sun-cured tobacco materials in flue-cured cigarettes, the best topping method and topping time of yellow sun-cured tobacco in Dehong of Yunnan Province was clarified, and the effects of four topping methods (T1 pinching the top, T2 topping at bud stage, T3 topping at early flowering stage, T4 topping at flowering period) on the agronomic, economic, grade structure and intrinsic chemical quality of ‘Yunshai 1’ yellow sun-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that the comprehensive performance of T1 treatment was the best, followed by T3 treatment. And the chemical components content of upper and middle tobacco could meet the requirements of high-quality tobacco leaves and the needs of cigarette industry. The chemical quality comprehensive performance of T2 and T3 treatment were better. The nicotine content of upper leaves was over 2% in four treatments, in which T2 treatment was the best, over 2.5%, and T3 treatment was nearly 2.5%. The nicotine content of middle leaves was more than 2.4%, and that of T2 and T3 treatments were close to 3%. So it is suggested that the best method for yellow sun-cured tobacco in Dehong is to top at early flowering stage, followed by topping at bud stage. The best time for topping is in mid-to-late March, or about 110 days after transplanting.

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  Effects of Different Biological Diets on Reproductive Performance and Offspring Quality of Horseshoe Crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) CHEN Zhi, ZOU Shuangyan, WENG Zhaohong, ZOU Lizhen, FANG Chuihong Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (30): 149-154.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0001 Abstract + (158)    HTML (0)    PDF (1349KB) (300)       Knowledge map    The aim of this study is to identify biological diets that effectively enhance gonadal development and spawning in T. tridentatus. Five groups of biological diets were administered to T. tridentatus, comprising Ruditapes philippinarus (A), Perinereis bidentata (B), Ostreagigas (C), R. philippinarus + P. bidentata combination (D), and Ostreagigas + P. bidentata combination (E). The effects of different diets on the quality of offspring were analyzed by comparing the egg diameter, hatching rate and the width of the first-age larva's cuticle, and the effects of different diets on reproductive performance were evaluated. The results showed that the number and frequency of spawning in group D were higher than those of other test groups, followed by group E, and the number and quality of spawning in mixed test group were higher than those of single test group. R. philippinarus and P. bidentata are more suitable for the development of parent T. tridentatus gonadal enhanced culture, which can significantly promote the gonadal development and spawning. The conclusion of this study provides reference for the development of safe, efficient and high-quality gonadal ripening food for T. tridentatus.

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  Analysis of Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Diversity Between Root Rot Diseased and Healthy Polygonatum cyrtonema Plants Under Different Cultivation Modes GE Xiumei, LI Fang, WAN Xiaoting, HAN Bangxing, CHEN Cunwu Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (3): 59-68.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0493 Abstract + (157)    HTML (2)    PDF (2819KB) (930)       Knowledge map    The changes of community structure and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and root rot diseased Polygonatum cyrtonema under varied cultivation modes were studied to provide theoretical support for the rational cultivation of P. cyrtonema and the targeted improvement of soil microbial community. Based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform, the Paired-end was used to systematically analyze the changes of community structure and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and root rot diseased P. cyrtonema that planted in the field and understory. The results showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants under different cultivation patterns. Compared with the field cultivation, the rhizosphere soil fungal amount and the relative abundance of Ascomycota (except 4a diseased samples) were significantly increased in understory cultivation, while the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Fusarium genera (except 4a diseased samples) were significantly decreased. Except for the 2a healthy plants, the rhizosphere soil fungal diversity of P. cyrtonema planted in understory was significantly higher than that in field. Among them, the Ace index and Chao1 index of the 2a diseased plants, 4a healthy plants and 4a diseased plants in the understory cultivation were 9.09%, 20.95%, 24.22% and 24.36%, 12.19% and 12.27% higher than those in field, respectively. Compared with healthy plants, the rhizosphere soil fungal amount of 2a diseased plants in field and 4a diseased plants in understory were significantly reduced, but the relative abundance of Fusarium genera in the rhizosphere soil of 4a diseased plants was significantly increased. There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity index between healthy and diseased P. cyrtonema under different cultivation modes (P>0.05). In conclusion, there were large differences in the rhizosphere soil fungal community structure and fungal diversity between healthy and diseased P. cyrtonema plants under different cultivation modes, and the relative abundance of harmful fungal genera, such as Fusarium in the rhizosphere soil, was one of the important reasons for the occurrence of P. cyrtonema root rot.

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  Visualization Analysis of Research Progress on Genetic Characteristics of Yield Traits in Maize GAO Jing, QIN Mengfan, LI Kun, LI Wu Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (16): 156-164.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0032 Abstract + (156)    HTML (5)    PDF (3484KB) (32)       Knowledge map    Based on the relevant literature in the CNKI and WoS core collection databases, we used VOSviewer software to make visualization analyses on the literature quantity, authors, institutions, journals, keywords and other data of the literature related to the genetic characteristics of maize yield traits in the form of graphs and tables. A total of 782 Chinese literatures and 2140 English literatures included in CNKI database and WOS database from 1976 to 2022 were collected. According to the keywords co-occurrence network analysis, the research contents of CNKI database in this field mainly involved the genetic research related to maize yield traits such as grain and root, QTL mapping, genetic effect of combining ability, and the association analysis of hybrid yield traits; and the QTL mapping of yield traits and physiological and ecological studies on the effects of abiotic factors on maize yield by regulating maize morphology were focused by the WoS database. This study found that before the 21st century, the research of genetic characteristics of maize yield traits were mainly focused on the physiological and ecological research of related morphological indicators, and then gradually expanded to the mining of molecular mechanisms affecting yield expression. In general, the research hotspots of maize yield genetic characteristics will continue to focus on gene mining and multi-omics analysis that regulates the genetic expression of yield traits and physiological and ecological studies that affect the expression of yield factors by abiotic factors in the future. The Co-authorship and Co-institution networks showed that domestic cooperation was relatively close, while international cooperation was relatively insufficient. In addition, the ranking and cited frequency of the literatures included in the two databases showed that genetic characteristics of maize yield traits had been well studied in China, but the outstanding achievements needed to be strengthened in the world. Therefore, it is recommended to further deepen the research and strengthen the cooperation between domestic and foreign teams to enhance the strength of genetic analysis of maize yield traits in China and promote the attention and recognition of domestic research on genetic characteristics of maize yield.

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  Bioremediation Methods of Saline-alkali Land HU Shiqin, GU Huaiying, GUO Longbiao, HAO Zhiqi, LIU Changhua, MENG Lijun Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (17): 36-42.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0585 Abstract + (155)    HTML (3)    PDF (1230KB) (1153)       Knowledge map    The area of saline alkali land in China accounts for one tenth of the total area of saline alkali land in the world, which seriously restricts agricultural production. It is very important to repair and make good use of saline alkali land. At present, the methods of saline-alkali land remediation include chemical remediation, engineering remediation and bioremediation, among which bioremediation is an economical, efficient, green and sustainable method. Bioremediation improves the soil and environment of saline-alkali land through biological resources such as plants and microorganisms. Halophytes can grow and reproduce in saline-alkali soil and have the ability to repair high concentration saline-alkali soil, while common crops can enhance their salt tolerance through gene mining and variety cultivation to achieve the purpose of repairing saline-alkali soil. Microorganisms can also be used to improve crop salt tolerance or degrade salt and alkaline substances in saline-alkali soil. Bioremediation is a green and environmentally friendly method for the remediation of saline-alkali land, which is in line with the development strategy of sustainable agriculture and circular economy in China.

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  Effect of Decomposed Chicken Manure Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Utilization Rate and Soil Physicochemical Properties XUN Xianyu, XIA Yangyang, ZHONG Yuehua, MENG Aihong, HE Lingling, ZHANG Junqiang, MA Hongbo, WANG Xiaoyun Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (25): 1-5.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0131 Abstract + (154)    HTML (4)    PDF (1165KB) (51)       Knowledge map    The effects of decomposed chicken manure on the yield and quality of rice and soil physicochemical properties were studied for the poor soil structure of the foot-entangled soil in Dongtai. According to the principle of equal nitrogen substitution, seven treatments were set up, including no fertilization treatment, conventional treatment, and chicken manure replacing nitrogen fertilizer by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. The results showed that compared with conventional treatment, chicken manure replacing nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased soil total nitrogen (0.86%-3.45%) and organic matter content (0.57%-9.53%), but decreased bulk density (0.73%-4.41%). Chicken manure replacing nitrogen fertilizer improved the yield and quality of rice, of which 20% nitrogen fertilizer substitution significantly increased rice yield by 19.44% (P<0.05) and the nitrogen utilization rate by 16.58% (P<0.05). Based on the economic benefits, chicken manure replacing 20% nitrogen fertilizer had the highest economic benefits, increasing rice yield and quality and improving soil structure. It is a relatively optimal proportion of chicken manure replacing nitrogen fertilizer and is worth promoting and applying.

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  Effects of Two Rootstocks on Quality and Mineral Nutrition of ‘Eureka’ Blueberry Fruit YU Ran, GUO Peipei, WU Shuangshuang, ZHU Xinyi, ZUO Zhaorui, ZHANG Chunlong, ZHU Bo, XIAO Jiaxin Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (16): 57-62.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0554 Abstract + (153)    HTML (3)    PDF (1328KB) (159)       Knowledge map    In order to further clarify the effects of different rootstocks on fruit quality of blueberry, the fruit quality traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and mineral nutrient changes of the southern highbush blueberry ‘Eureka’ (Vaccinium corymbosum) grafted on the rabbit eye blueberry ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’ (V. virgatum) were studied. Seven fruit quality traits, such as the fresh weight of single fruit, were determined and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was carried out. The photosynthetic parameters were measured by a portable photosynthesizer, and the contents of mineral elements of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in fruits and leaves were determined with a plasma emission spectrometer. The anthocyanin and vitamin C contents in the fruit of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were the highest, and the comprehensive quality of the fruit was good, while the comprehensive quality of the fruit of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Baldwin’ and own-rooted ‘Eureka’ were medium. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were significantly lower than those of own-rooted ‘Eureka’, while there was no significant difference in the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) between the grafted and non-grafted ‘Eureka’, and Pn was only positively correlated with Gs. It was speculated that the relatively low Pn value of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ was mainly caused by non-stomatal factors. The contents of Ca and Mn in the leaves of the grafted and non-grafted ‘Eureka’, the contents of Mg in the leaves of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’, and the contents of B and Cu in the leaves of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were all at a low level, while others were at a moderate or high level. ‘Choice’ rootstock significantly improved the fruit quality of ‘Eureka’, but significantly reduced the Pn value. Both ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’ reduced the Mg content of ‘Eureka’ leaves, and ‘Choice’ rootstock also reduced the B and Cu content of ‘Eureka’ leaves. Therefore, in addition to increasing the application of Ca and Mn fertilizers in the production of ‘Eureka’ blueberries, Mg fertilizer should also be applied to the ‘Eureka’ grafted on two rootstocks, and B and Cu fertilizers need to be added to the ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’.

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  Study on Dynamic Changes of Cyclocodon lancifolius Fruit Under Different Growth Periods and Light Conditions YANG Xin, SUN Qingwen, ZHU Jiujie, XU Wenfen, DAI Daodie, CHEN Chunling Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (31): 63-68.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0835 Abstract + (151)    HTML (2)    PDF (1379KB) (7)       Knowledge map    By investigating the dynamic changes of Cyclocodon lancifolius fruit in different growth periods under light conditions, it provides a scientific basis for the determination of the reasonable harvest period of C. lancifolius and the selection of artificial cultivation light conditions. The external quality and internal quality indexes of C. lancifolius fresh fruit under different growth periods and light conditions were measured and the correlation analysis was carried out. The fruit quality of C. lancifolius was the best under the condition of no shading light. In general, from October, with the delay of harvest time, fruit size, single fruit weight, soluble solids, soluble sugar, total acid and Vc all increased to varying degrees, and fruit hardness gradually decreased. Most of the indicators reached the best in early January, so early January was determined as the best mature harvest period. This study basically proved the cultivation light conditions and the best harvest time of C. lancifolius, which laid a theoretical foundation for the standardized planting of C. lancifolius.