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  Analysis of Agro-meteorological Factors Causing Apple Florescence Freezing in Zepu ABASI Kerimu, MENG Fanxue, KUDERETI Rehanguli, WANG Jun, LI Huimin Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (36): 97-101.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1030 Abstract + (4894)    HTML (2303)    PDF (1210KB) (13898)       Knowledge map    Low temperature and freeze injury is one of three major disasters that endanger the development of fruit trees in Xinjiang. The daily meteorological data during 1991 to 2022 from meteorological station of Zepu and investigation data about freezing injury of apple florescence in recently years were used to analyze the cause of freezing injury. The results showed that: from 1991 to 2022, the apple flower bud expansion period, flower bud opening period, the beginning of flowering were ahead of time by 2.0 to 5.1 d/10 a; apple florescence freezing damage was significant when the temperature dropped suddenly in flowering period, the lowest temperature reached -2.0℃, and the duration below 0℃ was 0.5 h; the dominant disaster-causing factors included the maximum diurnal range of temperature (no less than 22℃), the extreme minimum temperature (no more than -2℃), the spring cold weather, severe cooling, long duration, precipitation weather with dust weather (sandstorm, sand-blowing and floating dust) and severe wind. After freezing injury, the soluble solids content and other indicators of apple decreased to different extents. Freezing injury in apple flowering period affected the quality of apple. It will be of great scientific significance and application value to study on the freezing damage in flowering period of Fuji apple in Zepu apple producing area.

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  Analysis of Climate Quality Certification Indexes and Evaluation for Figs in Yuepuhu Kerimu ABASI, MENG Fanxue, Nuerpatiman MAIMAITIREYIMU, XIE Ye, Alimu AIERKEN Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (1): 78-82.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0002 Abstract + (4892)    HTML (2130)    PDF (1224KB) (14089)       Knowledge map    In this paper, the daily average temperature, extreme maximum temperature, extreme minimum temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours data of Yuepuhu General Weather Station during from 1991 to 2022 were analyzed by using climate tendency rate, cumulative anomaly climate statistical method to verify the climate quality for figs, and the effect of meteorological conditions on figs phenological phase and impact of meteorological factors, meteorological disaster on fig quality were primarily analyzed as well. The results showed that, according to this classification, the climate quality for figs in Yuepuhu garden spot were “excellent”. The research conclusion aims to provide scientific basis for improving fruit quality of fig cultivation and future rational management.

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  Genetic Background of National Certified Wheat Variety ‘Shannong116'and Stability Analysis of High Yield and Quality WANG Yanxun, TIAN Jichun, YANG Ming, PENG Li Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (21): 7-11.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0665 Abstract + (2502)    HTML (7)    PDF (1209KB) (208)       Knowledge map    In order to widely promote the newly approved wheat variety ‘Shannong 116' with high yield and strong gluten into production as soon as possible, we conducted an in-depth analysis from the genetic background of its hybrid parents, the performance of high and stable yield in regional trials, and the performance of strong gluten stability in many years of quality test results. The results showed that the yield of ‘Shannong 116' increased significantly compared with the control, the national test increased by 4.0% compared with ‘Zhoumai 18', and the Shandong test increased by 3.8% compared with ‘Jinan 17'. In the national wheat quality evaluation for four consecutive years from 2018 to 2021, the quality test indicators of ‘Shannong 116' all met the GB/T17892 standard for strong or medium gluten wheat. The plant height of ‘Shannong 116' is 76.9 cm, with compact plant type, neat ear layer and good ripening. It combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent of strong strength, disease resistance, early maturity and the male parent of high yield, water saving and lodging resistance. It is suitable for large-scale planting and market order acquisition and utilization in the Huang-huai wheat region.

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  Relationship Between Musk Yield, Apparent Traits and Age, Musk-extracted Time of Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) WANG Yongqi Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (23): 94-101.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0177 Abstract + (848)    HTML (10)    PDF (1492KB) (47)       Knowledge map    The study aims to explore the relationship between age, musk-extracted time and yield, quality of musk, and to supplement the information of musk secretion mechanism, quality traits and appropriate musk-extracted time. Stratified Random Sampling method was used to observe and statistically analyze the musk yield and color, shape of 59 forest musk deer (1-5 years old). The results showed that there was no significant effect on musk yield by age and musk-extracted time, but the musk yield of forest musk deer of 2.7-3.7 years old was higher than that of other age groups; the average musk yield of adult musk deer (>2 years old) was (17.636±6.642) g, which was 4.129 g higher than that of bred musk deer (≤ 2 years old) (13.444±3.356) g (P=0.002<0.05); the average musk yield of adult musk deer in March was (19.955±7.267) g, which was 4.759 g higher than that in September (15.196±5.0113) g (P=0.023<0.05); although there was no significant difference between the observed group and control group (P=0.230>0.05), individual forest musk deer had higher musk yield and a larger yield range. The proportion of powdery musk was 61.02%, blocky musk was 6.78%, dry mud or mud musk was 15%~17%, brown musk was 52.54%, dark brown musk was 13.56%, dark tan and tan musk were respectively11.86%, light brown musk was 6.78%, and chocolate brown and black tan musk were 1.69%, respectively; the powdery musk (85%) of bred musk deer was higher than that of adult musk deer (48.72%), and the proportion of brown musk was the highest (60%, 51.28%); Powdery musk of adult musk in March and September were 35% and 63.16%, blocky musk was 5% and 15.79%, dry mud musk was 15% and 21.05%, mud musk was 45% and 0.00%, respectively. In summary, there was no significant correlation between different ages, musk-extracted time and musk yield, musk yield of adult musk deer was significantly higher than that of bred musk deer, and musk yield in March was significantly higher than that in September; the observed musk deer population had the characteristics of wider distribution of musk yield and higher yield, which indicated that years of breeding had promoted the separation of quantitative characters of musk yield, and provided a preliminary basis for the establishment of the core population later; brown and powdery musk accounted for the highest proportion, and the musk with mud and high water content collected in March was significantly higher than that in September.

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  A Study on Heat Tolerance of Six Fern Species from Northern China WU Fei, LI Peng, WANG Wei, CUI Yulian, XU Yuqing, LU Shanshan, ZHAO Baolin Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (34): 92-97.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0248 Abstract + (620)    HTML (3)    PDF (1373KB) (1080)       Knowledge map    In order to guide the selection of fern materials for landscape in the summer high-temperature environment of northern China, this study compared the heat resistance of six native fern species from northern China using parameters such as electrical conductivity, half-lethal temperature, and cell damage rate. Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Onoclea sensibilis var. interrupta, Matteuccia struthiopteri, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, D. expansa, and Athyrium sinense were selected for heat stress treatment. The relative conductivity of them was determined under gradient temperature treatment conditions, and the half-lethal temperature (LT50) was calculated by a Logistic equation. Simultaneously, measurements of fern leaf epidermis structure (leaf area, leaf weight, stomata density), chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic data were also conducted. On such a basis, the correlation between the heat resistance of ferns and each measurement indicator was analyzed and then tested using field observation data. Combining with geographical distribution characteristics of ferns, the thermal resistance of each experimental material was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that with the increase of temperature, the cell damage rate showed an ‘S’ curve (slow-fast-slow). The ranking of six fern species based on half-lethal temperature ranges from highest to lowest was as follows: D. crassirhizoma (63.77℃)> A. sinense (62.07℃)> D. expansa (61.63℃)> M. struthiopteris (61.13℃)> O. sensibilis var. interrupta (58.10℃)> P. aquilinum var. latiusculum (56.70℃). The field observation data were generally consistent with the conductivity data and the geographical distribution characteristics of ferns. LT50 could be used as one of the evaluating factors for the heat tolerance of ferns. The epidermal morphology of leaves can also be used as a reference for heat tolerance. The selection results can enrich the types of ferns used in garden display in Beijing.

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  Effects of Four Functional Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Flowering Chinese Cabbage HUANG Wenyin, LI Jiawei, SONG Zhao, CHANG Jingjing, CHEN Xiao, LI Jing, JIAO Jiabin, ZHANG Baige Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (4): 83-90.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0090 Abstract + (562)    HTML (4)    PDF (3356KB) (405)       Knowledge map    To screen the functional fertilizers suitable for the cultivation of flowering Chinese cabbage, this study explored the effects of four different types of functional fertilizers on the growth and quality of flowering Chinese cabbage. These fertilizers included PSO4 fermentation broth (PSO4), corn extract (CE), hydrolyzed feather powder (HFP), and inositol powder (IN). The results showed that an appropriate amount of four functional fertilizers could significantly increase the yield of flowering Chinese cabbage, with an order of increasing rate of IN>HFP>PSO4>CE. The HFP and IN promoted the lateral growth of flowering Chinese cabbage roots. PSO4 solution promoted the longitudinal growth of the root and significantly increased the contents of soluble solids, soluble sugar, and vitamin C, thus improving the quality of flowering Chinese cabbage. In flowering Chinese cabbage cultivation, the optimum concentration of PSO4 and CE is 300 times diluted, the optimum concentration of HFP is 0.05%, and the optimum concentration of IN is 0.1%. These research results provide a theoretical basis for the application of these four functional fertilizers in the production and quality cultivation of flowering Chinese cabbage.

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  Leaf Color Temporal Variation of Three Acer Species in Autumn LI Hong, SUN Bo, QU Yanting, ZHANG Hongyun, YANG Yihua Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (19): 22-26.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0169 Abstract + (555)    HTML (2)    PDF (1463KB) (252)       Knowledge map    The paper aims to evaluate the ornamental value of Acer leaf color in autumn, the Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, A. triflorum and A. mandshuricum leaves were chose as the experimental materials to observe and analyze the leaf morphological characteristics, leaf color temporal changes and leaf color parameters during the discoloration period. The results showed that there were significant differences in leaf morphological characteristics (leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/ width, leaf circumference and leaf area) among the three Acer species. The leaf morphology of A. mandshuricum and A. triflorum was similar. The leaf area of A. triflorum was the largest, and that of A. pseudo-sieboldianum was the smallest. The leaf circumference from large to small was: A. mandshuricum> A. pseudo-sieboldianum> A. triflorum. The ornamental period of the three Acer species was from the end of September to the end of October, and A. triflorum had the longest ornamental period. A. mandshuricum had the richest changes in leaf color in autumn and the most ornamental. The leaf color parameters L* and b* both showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, while the leaf color parameter a* showed a trend of increasing gradually, which was consistent with the change of leaf color.

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  Effects of Pruning and Topping on Fresh Yield and Yield Components of Different Faba Bean Varieties ZHONG Xiaojuan, YANG Mei, LI Xin, WANG Hua, XIAN Dongfeng, WANG Xianshu, FAN Yuanfang, XIANG Chao Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (26): 17-25.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0280 Abstract + (537)    HTML (7)    PDF (1399KB) (34)       Knowledge map    This study aimed to explore the effect of different pruning and topping methods on agronomic characters and yield of different faba bean varieties, and summarize the optimum pruning and topping methods of different varieties. ‘Chenghu 10’, ‘Chenghu 18’, ‘Chenghu 19’ and ‘Chenghu 25’ were used as materials, and four pruning and topping treatments including pruning and topping, removal of main stem, removal of invalid branches and topping were set up for each faba bean variety to analyze the effects of different treatments on the agronomic traits and yield components of different faba bean varieties. The results showed that among different treatments, the topping treatment can effectively control plant height. The average yield of fresh pod and fresh grain of ‘Chenghu 10’ were increased by 20.9% and 25.7%, respectively, and were significantly higher than that of the control under the topping treatment. Under the treatment of removal of main stem, the average yield of fresh pod and fresh grain of ‘Chenghu 19’ increased by 61.2% and 35.5%, both of which were significantly higher than that of the control. Each pruning and topping treatment had no significant effect on yield-related traits and fresh yield of ‘Chenghu 18’. Topping treatment could improve the 100-grain weight and seed emergence rate of ‘Chenghu 25’. In summary, the effect of pruning and topping on fresh yield of faba bean varies among different faba bean varieties, as well as among different pruning and topping methods. Different pruning and topping methods can be selectively adopted to improve some yield-related characters among different special varieties in order to obtain higher economic benefits.

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  Influence of Climate Change on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Effective Accumulated Temperature in Shanxi Province HOU Qi, LI Shuai, ZHAO Yujie, CUI Guangshu Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (32): 138-144.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0852 Abstract + (519)    HTML (14)    PDF (3521KB) (872)       Knowledge map    To understand the impact of climate change on crop planting in Shanxi Province, based on the temperature grid data from 1961 to 2016, this paper used Mann-Kendall trend/mutation test, coefficient of variation and multiple regression interpolation method to analyze the effective accumulated temperature ≥5℃ and ≥10℃ in Shanxi Province. The results showed that: (1) the effective accumulated temperature of both ≥5℃ and ≥10℃ showed obvious increasing trends in time distribution, and the effective accumulated temperature increased rapidly in northern Shanxi Province and the valleys and basins with low terrain, and the spatial distribution was zonal from northeast to southwest. (2) The effective accumulated temperature of ≥5℃ and ≥10℃ showed decreasing trends from south to north in spatial distribution, and its spatial distribution was greatly affected by altitude. The effective accumulated temperature of ≥5℃ had a larger distribution area in the accumulated temperature range suitable for crop growth, and was more suitable for cold-loving crop cultivation in most areas. (3) The effective accumulated temperature was abruptly changed in 1997, after the change, the northern boundary of accumulated temperature moved to high latitude and high altitude areas. (4) The effective accumulated temperature initial date was mostly advanced, and the end date tended to be delayed. The duration of effective accumulated temperature was extended, and this trend was more obvious in the south of Shanxi Province, valleys and basins. The coefficient of variation of the effective accumulated temperature start date increased from northeast to southwest, and the rate of variation of the initial date of Fenhe Valley was large; the coefficient of variation of the end date was smaller and the distribution was more stable.

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  Control Effect of 5 New Compound Fungicides on Pitaya Canker SONG Xiaobing, CUI Yiping, CHEN Xia, PENG Aitian, LING Jinfeng, HUANG Feng Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (31): 147-151.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0921 Abstract + (488)    HTML (2)    PDF (1299KB) (28)       Knowledge map    The compound fungicides with better control effect on pitaya canker were screened to provide the basis for scientific prevention and control of the disease. The inhibitory effect of five new compound agents on pitaya canker was determined by the mycelial rate growth method, and the field control effect test was carried out. The results of indoor toxicity test showed that fluorobacteria·tebuconazole 400 g/L SC, benzodiazepine·azoxystrobin 325 g/L SC and trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole 75% WDS had strong inhibition on Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. When the concentration of the medicine was 10 μg/mL, the inhibitory effect of the three fungicides on pathogenic bacteria ranged from 92.57% to 97.21%. The results of the field efficacy test showed that the above three fungicides had good control effects on pitaya canker in the field, and the average control effect was between 71.12%-77.45% after 12 days of three treatments. The three fungicides of fluorobacteria·tebuconazole 400 g/L SC, benzodiazepine·azoxystrobin 325 g/L SC and trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole 75% WDS are safe and efficient for pitaya, and are worthy of application in the prevention and treatment of pitaya canker.

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  Nutritional Component Analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated with Reed Instead of Wood Chip as Substrate JI Yuliang, WANG Yanjie, LI Yingzhuo, MA Ronghui, CHEN Jiabo, WANG Qiong Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (34): 53-62.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0985 Abstract + (480)    HTML (1)    PDF (1455KB) (524)       Knowledge map    To enrich high-quality mushroom cultivation substrates and expand the high-value utilization of reed straw, the raw material ratio for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus with reed base was studied by using test fungus ‘Xiahui No.1’. Seven modified substrates with 0%, 25%, 33%, 50%, 67%, 75%, and 100% reed substitution ratios were set up to cultivate the P. ostreatus, and the impact of the reed addition amount on the nutritional quality of P. ostreatus fruit bodies was analyzed. The zinc and selenium contents of P. ostreatus fruit bodies increased by more than 18.9% when reeds replaced 50% of wood chips compared to pure wood chips. In addition, their crude protein, medical amino acid, essential amino acid, and total amino acid contents increased by more than 10.5%, sweet and delicious amino acids increased by more than 11.6%. Similarly, selenium content increased by 65.9%, and zinc, iron, and vitamin B2 increased by more than 30.4% when reeds replaced 67% of wood chips compared to pure wood chips. In addition, medical amino acid, essential amino acid, and total amino acid contents increased by 3.3%, 14.9%, and 6.8%, respectively. Moreover, the score of ratio coefficient of amino acids, essential amino acid index, biological value, and nutrition index values were the highest among the seven modified substrates. The substrate with a 50% reed substitution ratio had higher medicinal value and better edible flavor. The amino acid composition of mushrooms grown with a 67% substitution ratio was closer to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and egg model protein, with higher contents of multiple trace elements and better overall nutritional value. From the nutritional balance perspective, the reed substitution ratio in substrate should not be too high.

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  Investigation of Wild Ornamental Plants in Shanxi Luya Mountain Nature Reserve CAO Dongmei, JIA Minlong, ZHANG Xiaogang, WANG Yunshan Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (19): 73-79.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0546 Abstract + (465)    HTML (2)    PDF (1274KB) (38)       Knowledge map    Luya Mountain Nature Reserve is a high-altitude scenic spot in Shanxi Province, with rich and diverse wild vegetation which has great research and development value. Based on general survey and designated survey, field research on the ornamental plants in the reserve was conducted. The investigation shows that there are 155 species of wild ornamental plants belong to 42 families and 113 genera, and the vast majority of them are herbaceous plants, accounting for 81.3%. Among them, there are 113 species of wild medicinal plants, belonging to 89 genera of 35 families. The reserve has 2 national protected plants, namely Malaxis monophyllos and Tamarix taklamakanensis, and 2 local protected plants of the province. There are also some distinctive plants which can serve as chemical raw materials, directly edible plants and oil crops. In summary, the wild ornamental plant resources in Luya Mountain are abundant. The results of this study can provide reference for the rational development and utilization of wild plant resources, the biodiversity research and the formulation of conservation strategy.

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  Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Accumulated Temperature in the Great Khingan Forest Area of Inner Mongolia from 1970 to 2019 ZHANG Ru, DU Jinling, MA Xiuzhi, ZOU Yihang, HAO Chenyang, FU Yu Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (19): 93-101.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0543 Abstract + (459)    HTML (2)    PDF (2555KB) (63)       Knowledge map    Based on the daily average temperature data from 1970-2019 at 11 meteorological stations in the Great Khingan forest area of Inner Mongolia, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of accumulated temperature under the background of climate change. MK mutation test and wavelet analysis were used to study the changes of the initial date, termination date, continuous days and accumulated temperature under different boundary temperatures. The results showed that the first day of positive accumulated temperature was advanced and the last day was postponed; the negative accumulated temperature showed the opposite trend. In terms of time, the variation range of accumulated temperature at different boundary temperatures was different, but as a whole, it showed an increasing trend due to the change of continuous days, and the variation trend of each station was basically the same as that of the whole stations. The positive accumulated temperature mutated around 1994, rose significantly in the later period and passed the 0.05 level significance test. There were multiple mutation time points in the negative accumulated temperature in 1980s. The cyclical changes of each accumulated temperature fluctuated significantly within the 2 a scale. Spatially, latitude and altitude had obvious effects on the variation of accumulated temperature, and the overall accumulated temperature decreased from south to north, and the accumulated temperature in Aershan decreased due to the influence of altitude.

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  The Quality Evaluation of Foeniculi fructus from Different Production Origins LIANG Huan, AN Yue Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (19): 148-152.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1009 Abstract + (457)    HTML (2)    PDF (1233KB) (40)       Knowledge map    The purpose of this study was to comprehensively understand the quality of Foeniculi fructus from various production origins in China. 21 batches of samples were collected from seven major production origins, and the volatile oil, trans anisole, Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb and 9 kinds of organochlorine pesticide residues were evaluated in accordance with the People's Republic of China Pharmacopoeia. The study showed that the quality of F. fructus was good, the volatile oil and trans anisole indexes of F. fructus from all production origins were higher than the pharmacopoeia standard requirements. The content of Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb heavy metals were low and the residues of nine organochlorine pesticides were zero, which meant that all samples of F. fructus met the safety requirements. The content of volatile oil and trans anisole was the highest in Yumen of Gansu Province, while the content of cumin in Minqin, Haiyuan, Jingtai of Gansu Province, Shuozhou of Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia was little different. The content of volatile oil of cumin in Minqin was higher than that in other producing areas, and the content of volatile oil in Jinta of Gansu Province was the lowest.

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  Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits of New Weak-Gluten Wheat Cultivar ‘Ningmai 36’ YAO Jinbao, YANG Xueming, ZHANG Peng, FAN Xiangyun, YU Guihong, HE Yi, WANG Huadun Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (9): 20-24.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0356 Abstract + (450)    HTML (4)    PDF (1165KB) (51)       Knowledge map    To further understand the production characteristics and applicable value of the new wheat variety ‘Ningmai 36’, its yield potential, yield stability and adaptability as well as quality traits closely related to the weak-gluten wheat were analyzed. The trial data were obtained from the regional tests and production tests of wheat varieties in Huainan wheat consortium of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences consisted of institutions and enterprises during 2019-2022, and the quality tests conducted in the breeding base of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2021-2022, with ‘Yangmai20’ as a check variety. The results showed that the average yield of ‘Ningmai 36’ increased by 4.02%, 5.60% and 5.99% respectively compared with the check variety ‘Yangmai 20’ during 2019-2022 yield tests, and the yield increase reached a very significant level. The high stability coefficient (HSC) and fitness of ‘Ningmai 36’ were significantly higher than that of check variety ‘Yangmai 20’. The quality indexes of ‘Ningmai 36’ tested in the 2020 regional trial were all up to (GB/T17893-1999) and (GB/T17320-1998) standard for weak-gluten wheat. The four solvent retention capacities (SRC) of ‘Ningmai 36’ were lower than that of the check variety ‘Yangmai 20’, and the cookie diameter of ‘Ningmai 36’ was 0.91 cm larger than that of ‘Yangmai 20’. ‘Ningmai 36’ with high yielding-potential, good stability, broad adaptability and better weak-gluten quality has a wide application prospect in the Huainan area of Jiangsu Province.

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  Ecological Adaptability and Comprehensive Evaluation of Tobacco Leaf Yield and Quality of 7 Tobacco Varieties in Lijiang Tobacco Planting Area of Yunnan Province RONG Lei, XUE Zhiqin, DENG Chenxiao, LUO Kun, GAO Chongliang, LI Shenghai, WANG Yijie, WANG Yanni, CAI Xianjie, YAN Ding, YU Lei, HUANG Feiyan, HAN Tianhua Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (22): 17-23.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0639 Abstract + (409)    HTML (1)    PDF (1304KB) (121)       Knowledge map    The paper aims to explore the ecological adaptability of different tobacco varieties in Lijiang tobacco planting area, select the dominant tobacco varieties suitable for local planting, and improve the yield, quality and leaf style of cultivation of tobacco. Using the main locally grown variety ‘Yunyan 87’ as a control, a total of 7 tobacco varieties were selected for field experiments to investigate the growth and agronomic traits of tobacco during the field stage. The economic traits of each variety were counted and various quality indicators of cured tobacco leaves were evaluated. The results showed that the field growth period of ‘Yunyan 116’ variety was shorter and the economic characteristics were better, the comprehensive quality of cured tobacco leaves from ‘PVH1452’ and ‘Yunyan 121’ was high, and the agronomic characteristics of the conventional main planting variety ‘Yunyan 87’ were better, but the growth period was longer and the chemical composition was not coordinated. In the wet valley tobacco planting area with similar ecological environment in Lijiang City, ‘Yunyan 116’ had strong ecological adaptability and good tobacco quality, and the economic benefits were high, which could be widely verified and promoted as the main local variety. The comprehensive quality performance of ‘PVH1452’ and ‘Yunyan 121’ tobacco leaves was excellent, but there was still a lot of room for improvement in yield and revenue. They can be further developed and researched as reserve varieties to enhance the regional characteristics of Lijiang.

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  Effects of Slow-release Fertilizer Application and Film Mulching on Growth of Cassava WEI Yundong, ZHOU Shiyi, CHEN Ruirui, PAN Huan, LI Jun, HE Cuicui, XU Chuan, ZHENG Hua Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (22): 16-22.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0681 Abstract + (403)    HTML (5)    PDF (1274KB) (25)       Knowledge map    In order to provide scientific basis for the development of special slow-release fertilizer for cassava and improve the benefit of cassava planting, a field trial was conducted in 2021 with 8 treatments, including no fertilization (CK) and conventional fertilization, and other 6 combinations of two slow released fertilizers (C1, single-film slow released fertilizer with small particle; C2, double-film slow released fertilizer with small particle), and two types of mulching, including plastic film mulching (PF) and ground cloth (GC) mulching. Cassava growth and root yield, nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization were investigated. The results showed that cassava growth such as plant height and stem diameter were stimulated by fertilization, as well as the biomass accumulation and cassava yield. Compared with conventional fertilization, slow-release fertilizer improved the growth of cassava, the root yield increased by 21.29%-53.00%, the starch yield increased by 25.46%-58.1%, and the nutrient utilization rate increased by 1.9%-27.1%; C1 and C2 combined with mulching film/ cloth had better effect on promoting the growth of cassava, increasing cassava yield and fertilizer utilization rate, increasing the yield of fresh root by 37.41%-52.00% and starch by 39.58%-58.1%; compared with conventional fertilization, slow-release fertilizers C1 and C2 reduced the amount of phosphate fertilizer and greatly improved its utilization rate by 14.0%-47.3% while ensuring the yield of cassava. In conclusion, applying C1 and C2 is an effective way to increase cassava growth and root yield, and fertilizer utilization rate, and it is more helpful when combined with plastic film or cloth mulching. The application of C1 with N 100 kg/hm2, P2O5 33.3 kg/hm2 and K2O 100 kg/hm2, together with ground cloth covering is the optimum for cassava in this study.

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  The Control Effect of Two Kinds of Insecticides on Solenopsis invicta in Different Seasons in Hainan Province HAN Dongyin, LI Lei, ZHU Junhong, FU Yueguan, ZHANG Fangping Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (8): 126-131.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0732 Abstract + (392)    HTML (8)    PDF (1369KB) (17)       Knowledge map    In order to find out whether applying insecticides to control Solenopsis invicta in winter can achieve good control effect, this experiment compared the control effects of 0.6% cypermethrin powder and 0.08% indocarb baits in winter and summer. The results showed that the time after treatment, the difference of seasons and the kinds of agents had significant effects on the control effect of the nests of S. invicta. The control effect of 0.6% cypermethrin on the nests of S. invicta was significantly better than 0.08% indocarb in the range of 7-30 d after treatment in winter, and the effect of 0.08% indocarb on the nest of S. invicta was higher than 0.6% cypermethrin in the range of 15-45 d in summer. The effect of 0.08% indocarb baits on the nests of S. invicta in winter increased with the increase of time after treatment, and the highest effect (82.03%) was found at 45 d after treatment. The effect of 0.08% indocarb baits on S. invicta in summer was 92.49% at 15 d after treatment, which had no significant difference compared with 30 d and 45 d. The control effect of 0.6% cypermethrin on the nest of S. invicta decreased with the increase of time after treatment, but the decrease rate was slower in winter than in summer. The control effect of the two agents on the workers of S. invicta decreased with the increase of time after treatment. The control effect of 0.08% indocarb baits on the workers was significantly higher in winter than in summer except 7 d after treatment. The control effect of 0.6% cypermethrin powder on worker ants had no significantly difference within 7 d to 30 d. But at 45 d, it was significantly higher in winter (97.86%) than in summer (80.57%). In conclusion, when the weather in Hainan is fine in winter and the temperature is between 13-21℃, 0.08% Indocarb baits or 0.6% cypermethrin powder can be used to control S. invicta. The evaluation of the control effect is postponed to 30-45 d after treatment.

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  The National Approved Wheat Variety ‘Weimai 9’: Analysis of Yield Stability and Adaptability ZHANG Yangli, CAO Sanchao, YAN Miaomiao, LI Qian, NIE Song, CHENG Min Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (36): 28-32.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0019 Abstract + (368)    HTML (4)    PDF (1180KB) (28)       Knowledge map    In order to comprehensively understand the production characteristics of the national approved wheat variety ‘Weimai 9’, the summary data of the regional test and production test of Shaanxi Province from year 2016 to 2018, the regional trial production test of the dry and thin group in the national Huanghuai winter wheat area from year 2018 to 2020, as well as the production test results of the demonstration field of ‘Weimai 9’ in 2021 and 2022 were used. The productivity, stability and adaptability of ‘Weimai 9’ and ‘Jinmai 47’ (CK) were compared by the indicators of yield, coefficient of variation (CV), high stability coefficient (HSC) and adaptability, and the comprehensive resistance of cold resistance, drought resistance, hot resistance and disease resistance were analyzed to clarify the variety characteristics of ‘Weimai 9’. The results showed that the yield of ‘Weimai 9’ was more than 3 % higher than that of ‘Jinmai 47’ in the regional test and production test of 6 years. The CV of yield was slightly lower than that of the control ‘Jinmai 47’, and the HSC was lower than that of ‘Jinmai 47’. The ability to resist dry and hot wind was strong, the yellowing was good, and the quality was also greatly improved compared with ‘Jinmai 47’. ‘Weimai 9’ has outstanding yield, well stability, wide adaptability, excellent quality and well combined resistance, which is suitable for further promotion and utilization in the dry and thin land of Huanghuai area.

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  Effects of Application Methods of Magnesium Fertilizer on Nutritional Status, Yield and Quality of Honey Pomelo CHEN Jiajie, ZHANG Yan, SHANGGUAN Yilin, WEI Sifan, ZHANG Peng, QIU Aihua, SU Da, SHEN Bingrong, XU Jinxian, YE Delian Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (31): 67-75.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0924 Abstract + (358)    HTML (5)    PDF (1261KB) (275)       Knowledge map    The experiment aims to investigate the effects of magnesium fertilizer application strategies on the nutritional status, yield and quality of pomelo, and the results may provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of magnesium fertilizer in pomelo production. Three magnesium fertilizer treatments were designed, including control (no magnesium fertilizer), soil application of magnesium fertilizer and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer. Results showed that both soil and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer significantly increased the SPAD value, magnesium concentration and nitrogen concentration of the annual spring shoot leaves and biennial spring shoot leaves of pomelo at maturity stage in 2019 and 2020. However, magnesium fertilizer application did not affect the phosphorus, calcium and zinc concentrations of pomelo leaf. Different application methods of magnesium fertilizer generally increased magnesium concentration and nitrogen concentration of honey pomelo pulp. Both soil and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer significantly increased the photosynthetic rate of honey pomelo leaves and foliar application of magnesium also significantly increased the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves. Compared with the control, the average pomelo yield in two years was increased by 13.8% and 4.1% under foliar application of magnesium and soil application of magnesium fertilizer, respectively. Moreover, foliar application of magnesium significantly increased the Vc concentration, soluble solid concentration and solid-acid ratio of honey pomelo fruit, and soil application of magnesium fertilizer significantly reduced the titratable acid concentration and increased the solid-acid ratio of the fruit for two years. Both Magnesium application methods improved nutritional status of pomelo leaves and fruits, photosynthesis, yield and quality of pomelo. Foliar spraying 4% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate can be recommended as an important practice of magnesium supplementation in the honey pomelo production.