Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.33 Published:25 December 2011

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  A Study on Improving Regeneration Rate of Agrobacterium-Mediated Callus of Mature Embryo for Indica Rice 2011, 27 (33):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 563977KB )   ( 1201 ) In order to improve the regeneration frequency and the rate of genetic transformation of agrobacterium-mediated callus of mature embryos for maintainer line (YTB) of HL-CMS, indica rice, a series of experimental program were carried out, such as, composition of culture medium, concentration of bacilli, infection method, co-culture methods, callus drying method, concentration of selection agent. The results revealed that both of LB and YEB medium can culture agrobacterium; vacuum treatment can significantly improve the rate of conversion; adding filter paper on co-culture medium is in favor of subsequent sterilization and can improve the conversion efficiency; callus dried properly can significantly improve the conversion efficiency; the appropriate concentration of hygromycin is between 40-50mg.L-1-1; the use of V-type screening method can increase the positive rate of transgenic plants. So, the systematic optimization of culture methods for agrobacterium can improve regeneration frequency of callus of mature embryos for indica rice.

  Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of TaSnRK2.9 in Wheat 2011, 27 (33):  6-12.  Abstract + ( 1331 )   PDF ( 1327810KB )   ( 1337 ) In order to reveal the structure and function characteristics of TaSnRK2.9 in wheat, and provide the basis for the research and application of this gene, the cDNA of TaSnRK2.9 was cloned in wheat by RT-PCR based on the nucleotide sequence of SAPK9 gene in rice, and the bioinformatics analysis was also finished. The results showed that the length of ORF was 1092 bp, encoding 363 amino acids, Sequence analysis and the phylogenetic trees showed that this gene was closely related to SAPK9 (AB125310) of rice, belonged to the subfamily Ⅲ. Subcellular localization predicted TaSnRK2.9 gene located in the cytoplasm. Gene expression profile analysis found that TaSnRK2.9 gene expressed in roots, stems, leaf, flowers, and was more highly expressed in leaf. The cloning of the TaSnRK2.9 gene full length cDNA provides the basis and guidance for its characteristics and function.

  Effect of Genotype on Wheat Anther Culture and Selection of Choiceness Genotype 2011, 27 (33):  13-17.  Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 589505KB )   ( 1003 ) For further improving the efficiency of wheat anther culture, and quicken the course of anther culture breeding. One hundred and forty different genotypes of wheat materials and F1, F3 hybrids were used for anther culture, and the Anther Culture Response (ACR) of different genotypes on different hybrid generations were also studied. The results showed that: the callus induction of different genotypes of wheat materials ranged from 2.89% to 41.25%, the average was 3.55%, the frequency of differentiated plantlets ranged from 0% to 70.00%, the average was 33.05%. Among the one hundred and fourteen different genotypes of F1 hybrids, there were one hundred and seven genotypes ,which could induce callus, the frequency of callus induction ranged from 0% to 76.25%, the average were 11.59%, the frequency of differentiated plantlets ranged from 0% to 160.00%, the average was 29.20%. The F3 hybrids all could induce callus, and the frequency of callus induction ranged from 4.58% to 80.83%, the average was 16.39%, the frequency of differentiated plantlets ranged from 0% to 71.43%, the average was 34.99%. So there were significantly difference on callus induction, frequency of differentiated plantlets and green plantlets of different genotypes of wheat materials. According to ACR of different genotypes, selected some materials (varieties) that could be used as bridge parents, such as ‘Ningchun 4’, Jinghong No.2, ‘Jian 63’, Chuanmai 18, Synthderiv.29589, S111, D-27, ‘Jinyan 746-9’, K6-39, and so on.

  Anhui Winter Wheat Growing Remote Sensing Monitoring and Evaluation Methods Research 2011, 27 (33):  18-22.  Abstract + ( 1208 )   PDF ( 2789203KB )   ( 1060 ) The Huaihe River and Huaibei of Anhui Province were the winter wheat main planting area. For real-time and dynamic monitoring the winter wheat, The EOS/MODIS data set from 2005 to 2010, which used as the main remotely sensed data. The combining comprehensive model of crop's monitoring based on NDVI change vector and trapezoidal area were constructed, the cloudless NDVI time of series image was reconstructed by HANTS and planting area of winter wheat was extracted in Anhui Province. The winter wheat crop was quantitative analyzed in the study, area with years of crop's annual change in time and space. The results showed that: the influence of lack of cloud and data were effective eliminated by Hants. The crops growth tread of change was clear reacted after reconstructed. The comprehensive monitoring model of NDVI change vector and Trapezoidal area analysis was more suitable for single growth season's growing remote sensing monitoring and the good monitoring result was obtained in 2011.

  Response of Growth Period of Winter Wheat to Climate Change in Weifang 2011, 27 (33):  23-27.  Abstract + ( 1085 )   PDF ( 595332KB )   ( 890 ) In order to explore the law of the period of winter wheat in Weifang adaptation to climate change, based on the growth period observation data of winter wheat and accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, precipitation data in every growth period during 1980-2010 in Weifang, the response of the growth period of winter wheat to climate change was statistically analyzed by using linear regression and path analysis methods. The results showed that: the accumulated temperature and precipitation throughout the growth period of winter wheat in Weifang all showed decreasing trends, and the sunshine hours significantly reduced by 7.58 h/a. The growth period length of winter wheat significantly shortened by 0.43 d/a. The sowing date delayed. The seedling and maturity stage length shortened. The over-wintering stage, jointing and earring stage and filling stage length prolonged. Before jointing, sunshine hours played the most important role in the growth period length. And after jointing, accumulated temperature played the most important role in the growth period length.

  Analysis about the Effect of Stage Sowing on Maize Yield and Optimum Sowing Time in Longdong Region 2011, 27 (33):  28-33.  Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 690796KB )   ( 933 ) In order to respond the climate change, and investigate the effect of Maize planting in different sowing time as a result of climate change, we use the test method of sowing in different time, research the optimum sowing maize in Eastern Gansu Province. The analysis about the experiment data of Maize sowing by stages show us: different sowing time’s growth speed change of maize mainly displayed in seedling stage, it grew more slowly which was seeded earlier, and time interval between two developmental phases was longer; it grew faster which was seeded later, and time interval between two developmental phases was shorter. Dry matters’ increment of every developmental phase in different sowing time weren’t same, this difference mainly displayed in reproductive stage, increment of dry matters were the highest in the second and the third sowing stage, and in vegetative growth period the difference of dry matters’ increment was unconspicuous. Soil water storage’s effect to yield was not the same in different sowing time and at different level of soil, no matter superficial layer or deep layer, soil water storage present positive effect from seeding stage to elongation stage, and present negative effect from tasseling stage to maturation stage, and especially had a major influence to yield at superficial layer. Meanwhile, result for analysis showed that the third sowing stage was the most optimum sowing stage, in growth period of this stage, light, temperature and water were matched well, dry matters had a good increment and yield. According to these conclusions, climatic change made the optimum sowing time of maize in Longdong region pulled off.

  Relatives of Salt Tolerance of Different Kinds Inbred Lines of Maize in Embryoism 2011, 27 (33):  34-39.  Abstract + ( 1291 )   PDF ( 791946KB )   ( 1084 ) Aimed to provide theoretical reference for selecting salt tolerant maize varieties, cultivating maize on saline-alkali soil and breeding salt tolerant species. In this study, 9 different kinds inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) were treated with different concentrations of NaCl solution. Germination energy, germination rate, the length of buds and roots were used as indicators to identify and classify the salt stress tolerance in the germination period. Results showed: 30 mmol/L NaCl treatment, rootlength of ‘Jidan519’ and ‘Pingquan 9’ was 31.17% and 14.17% higher than 0 mmol/L treatment, P<0.05. The study showed that the seedlings were promoted when concentration of NaCl (≤30 mmol/L)was comparatively low, germination rate,the length of buds and roots were increased. All the indicators reveal that ‘Jidan 519’ and ‘Xianyu 335’ have a wider salt resistance, so we suggest these varieties can be widely planted in higher salinity soil.

  Effect of Light Stress on the Plants Characters of Maize Inbred Lines 2011, 27 (33):  40-43.  Abstract + ( 1581 )   PDF ( 500108KB )   ( 1144 ) Eight maize inbred lines were used as tested materials, with shading treatment (90% shading control) from seeding stage to maturity stage. The experiment of two factors split-plot design was carried out to study the shade-tolerance and plant traits’ changes of the maize inbred lines. The order of the shade-tolerance level of the materials was: 06CIn967-11>06CIn892-2>06CIn967-4>06CIn892-11>06CIn891-4>06CIn891-15>06C984-2>06 C984-8, the difference of the inbred lines of same source wasn’t significant; there was certain difference among inbred lines of different source. The plant and leaf growth, tassel differentiation was restrained significantly; the shading reaction between different genotype lines was different. The shading reaction of different character was also different. The reaction of the tassel differentiation was the strongest of all. The shade-tolerance type inbred lines should be selected based on the traits changes of different maize inbred lines.

  Analysis on the Combining Ability of Sorghum Brewing Quality Characteristics 2011, 27 (33):  44-47.  Abstract + ( 1045 )   PDF ( 493396KB )   ( 969 ) In order to evaluate the sorghum parents scientifically and accurately, provide the basis for making use of materials, for further improving quality breeding efficiency, three sterile lines and five restorer lines were chosen, 15 hybrid combinations were matched by incomplete diallel crosses method in this study. The brewing qualities about protein, fat, starch, tannic were analyzed by combining ability. The results showed that, in the three sterile lines, ‘Liao3401A’ exhibited higher general combining ability in protein, fat and tannic. ‘Hu45A’ only presented higher general combining ability in starch. In the five restorer lines, 741324 presented higher general combining ability in tannic. R111 showed higher general combining ability in fat and tannic. 038R and C52R-11 showed higher general combining ability in starch. ‘961541/0-30 red grain’ showed higher general combining ability in protein and fat. The order of VA/VG (the ratio of additive genetic variance to genotype variance) was as follows, protein, starch, fat, tannic.

  Effects of Waterlogging Tolerance at the Full Flowering Stage of the Sesame in Two Planting Patterns 2011, 27 (33):  48-52.  Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 780733KB )   ( 912 ) Effects of waterlogging tolerance at the full flowering stage of the sesame in differences planting patterns. The sesame in ridge planting and flat planting patterns were treated by waterlogging at full flowering stage (after 28 days of early flowering), and surveyed area of wilting plant, rate of wilting plant, degree of disease occurrence and other indicators of the sesame in two planting patterns after the sprinkler of water, determined dry matter accumulation of sesame at the different stages, tested species and determined yield indoor in maturity stage, calculated input-output ratio, compared economic benefit. The results showed that ridge planting pattern were effective better than flat planting pattern at the occurring of sesame wilting, lodging, leaf spot, stem blight; waterlogging at full flowering stage were inhibition to sesame in two planting patterns, but was letter to ridge planting sesame, waterlogging significant impacted the agronomic traits and yield of the sesame in two planting patterns, and the impact of the sesame in flat planting pattern was greater than the sesame in ridge planting pattern, which, Significance test showed that the differences were capsules per plant > yield per plant > yield > length of capsule axis > capsule nodes per plant > height per plant, and significant test was highly significant, the difference of length per capsule was significant, the differences of seeds per capsule and 1000 seeds weight were not significant. Input-output ratio of ridge planting sesame and flat planting sesame were 1:2.86 and1:2.04, ridge planting sesame increased in net income per hectare was 5 492.7 yuan.

  Determination of Phthalate Ester in Cotton Stalk by Ultrasonic Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography 2011, 27 (33):  53-56.  Abstract + ( 1195 )   PDF ( 756017KB )   ( 857 ) This paper aimed to study and analyse the distribution of PAEs in cotton stalk and biological accumulation process. Cotton stalk (not including cotton peach shell) was divided into three section (Upper, middle and lower), and smashed by the grinder. Each section’s PAEs was extracted by ultrasonic method, and Ultrasonic’s extraction was detected respectively by gas chromatography method. The results indicated that each sample Contained PAEs, PAEs had transferred from environment to soil, then to plants. Six kinds of PAEs (DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DAP, DEHP) using GC analysis had a good linear relationship in a certain range, and a high degree of six kinds of material separation. The different section of cotton stalk had different content PAEs. Cotton stalk of the amount of PAEs arrive 158.86 mg/kg, DEHP in cotton stalk reached 125.300 mg/kg. It was the highest in six kinds of PAEs, cotton stalk of PAEs was rich in the middle section.

  Study on the Correlation Between Stem Diameter and Bark Rate of ‘Fuhong992’ 2011, 27 (33):  57-59.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 529379KB )   ( 849 ) To kenaf stem diameter and Bark rate relation have a clearer understanding and for the subsequent kenaf breeding and cultivation to provide a better basis. The correlation of stem diameter and Bark rate of ‘Fuhong 992’ was studied by the analysis of Variance, phenotype and regression. The results showed that stem diameter has significant or highly significant effect on Bark rate and there is parabolic relationship between the two factors in phenotype. The Bark rate of ‘Fuhong 992’ was best when stem diameter range is 1.5mm to 2.0 mm. According to the data from experiment, using the method of nonlinear regression analysis and finding that index model and polynomial model have hige fitting degree. The related coefficients are 0.9837 and 0.9310, respectively.

  Effects of Biological Replacement on Fungi Communities’ Diversity of Soil Invaded by Flaveria bidentis 2011, 27 (33):  60-66.  Abstract + ( 1169 )   PDF ( 992200KB )   ( 975 ) The aim was to reveal the mechanism of alien plant invasion on soil microbiology, the PCR-DGGE combined with cloning of V3 region of fungi 18S rDNA fragments were used to analyze the effects of biological replacement on fungi diversity of soil invaded by Flaveria bidentis, and with the changing of soil nutrient contents. The analysis of DGGE profiles showed that: fungal community structure significantly changed and the similarity between the biological replacement treatment and the no-treatment was only 45%, the index of replacement control on fungi communities’ diversity of soil invaded by the F. bidentis was only 2.04, but the no-treatment was 2.78. Besides, soil fungi diversity index of different plant communities was positively related with the content of organic matter and microbial biomass carbon, but significantly negative with phosphorus content of soil. So that the biological replacement of F. bidentis induced the changes of soil nutrient contents by changing fungi communities diversity. In conclusion, biological replacement has effect on the soil environment F. bidentis grow, and further control its spread effectively.

  Seasonal Dynamic of Soil Enzyme Activity in Cold Black Farmland 2011, 27 (33):  67-72.  Abstract + ( 1009 )   PDF ( 734127KB )   ( 872 ) Seasonal dynamic of catalase, phosphatase, urease, invertase activity of four black farmland areas with maize growth in Shuangcheng City in Heilongjiang Province was analyzed. The results showed that four enzyme activities differed during maize growth. Catalase activity increased firstly and then reduced steady, and finally increased, its peak appeared in the tasseling-silking stage. Phosphatase, urease activity increased at first, then decreased, its peak value was in the jointing stage. Invertase activity in maize growth period showed a downward trend, while enzyme activity was the highest in the seedling stage. Correlation analysis results indicated that there were no significant correlations between four enzyme activities and soil carbon nitrogen nutrient.

  Study of Soil Nutrients of Sugarcane Field Status in Canyuan County 2011, 27 (33):  73-78.  Abstract + ( 1168 )   PDF ( 590519KB )   ( 1078 ) According to soil nutrient abundance and deficiency conditions, we carried out scientific and reasonable fertilization to sugarcane, and then sugarcane can ultimately achieve higher yield and sugar. Nutrients of 185 soil samples from Cangyuan County, Lincang Region, Yunnan Province were tested. The result indicated that most of soil samples were of slight acidity, the pH value of 53.51% samples were between 5.5 and 6.5, the average SOM reached to 2.74%, the total N was extremely low (75.14% samples of total N were less than 0.050% and the average total N reached to 0.042% only), available N was medium with a average value 101.43 mg/kg, the total P and available P were low with average value 0.082% and 6.33 mg/kg respectively, the total K of 52.97% samples were between 1.01% and 1.50% and the average total K was 1.403% only indicated that the total K was low, available K was medium with a average value 146.32 mg/kg, Zn content of soil was available which 79.75% was lower than 1.5 mg/kg. 93% samples of available Mn, Fe and Cu were more than their critical value respectively indicated there were not Mn, Fe and Cu deficit among soil samples. According to results, the fertilizing way that organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer with available N, P and K were fertilized together in Cangyuan cane region should be applied in order to getting more cane and sugar yield.

  Effect of Straw-Bentonite-PAM Improved Material on Phosphorus Adsorption-Desorption of Sandy Soil 2011, 27 (33):  79-84.  Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 723540KB )   ( 1031 ) In order to improve the fertilizer retention and reduce the risk of phosphorus leaching of sandy soils that distributes widely in Chongqing City, improved materials confected by biological pretreatment straw, bentonite and PAM were used, the influences on phosphorus adsorption and desorption of the sandy soil result from different materials, dose and ratio were studied. The results showed that: Langmuir equation could reflect the adsorption reaction well. Improved materials could significantly increase the phosphorus adsorption rate of sandy soil, while reduce the desorption rate. The maximum adsorption capacity (Xm) was reduced obviously, while the adsorption constant (K) and maximum buffering capacity of phosphorus (MBC) of the sandy soil was significantly increased. The improvement materials made of rape stalk was better than that of wheat straw. With the increasing amount of application and PAM level, the improvement effect of sandy soil increased gradually. After 90 days in culture, the improvement materials of rape stalk (dose of 10 g/kg, PAM level of 3%) showed the most obvious improvement effect to the sandy soil. This research provided theoretical basis of applying modified straw materials into sandy soil.

  Studies on Physical and Chemical Properties and Slow- Release Properties of Compound Coating Agent for Slow-Release Fertilizer 2011, 27 (33):  85-89.  Abstract + ( 1150 )   PDF ( 666316KB )   ( 1238 ) To explore the physical and chemical properties and slow-release properties of compound coating-agent for slow-release fertilizer (KSFF-2), the viscosity, forming film property, forming film time, film tenacity, coating off rates of coating agent, and the nutrient initial-release ratios, nutrient micro-release ratios and nutrient accumulation-release curves of coating slow-release fertilizer were determined. Results showed that the viscosity of the compound coating-agent was 44.5 MPa/s, forming film property was better, forming film time was 7 min, film stretch ratio was 2.8 times, coating off rates was less than 5%. The initial release ratio of N, P, K in the coated fertilizer was less than 15%, the micro release ratio was less than 2%, which was consistent with the slow-release fertilizer standard GB/T23348-2009 constituted by China. The initial dissolution rate of P was less than those of N and K, and the micro release ratio of N, P, K was almost the same. The nutrient accumulation-release curves were S-shape, which was consistent with the nutrient demand of crops. These results indicated the physical and chemical properties of compound coating-agent for slow-release fertilizer were good, and it could effectively control the slow-release of nutrients of general compound fertilizer.

  The Comparison between Natural and Artificial Fertilization Se-rich Soil 2011, 27 (33):  90-97.  Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 790211KB )   ( 1045 ) Researched the Se non-rich soils of high-quality rice producing area of Jiangmen by pot experiment. Increase soil available Selenium in Se non-enrich soil to the level of available Se content of Se-rich soil. Experiments showed that the artificially imposed Se fertilizers can improve Se content of rice quickly; making it close to or above Se content of rice that grown in the natural Se-rich soil area. Artificial fertilization not only can improve Se content of rice, but also can increase the absorption capacity of nutrients and the antagonistic capacity of harmful elements. But made the maturity of rice advance and thus affect the normal physiology of rice, to some extent affecting the rice of physical and chemical composition and synthesis of nutrients. Such as reducing the unpolished rice yield of paddy and head rice rate, increased the chalky rice rate, having some impact on eating quality points and gel consistency. Artificial Se fertilizer was also affect soil pH value, soil redox conditions, adsorption capacity of organic matter, thus affecting the chemical equilibrium between the soil nutrient elements and toxic elements.

  Phosphorus of Orchards Soil Profile and its Improvement Measures of ‘Ganximiyou’ in Pinghe County 2011, 27 (33):  98-103.  Abstract + ( 1184 )   PDF ( 670565KB )   ( 1499 ) Phosphorus of orchards soil profile in the main product areas ‘Ganximiyou’ in Pinghe County were analyzed for resolving the problem of phosphorus bioaccumulation, by the method of field investigation and laboratory analysis, phosphorus leaching criterion of surface soil (0-20 cm) were approached. The results were as follows: Olsen-P of orchards was higher than phosphorus of soil profile, the best bioaccumulation factors was 289.1, and the available P was bigger than the criterion which the plant need P fertilizer or not. There were obvious different layers in CaC12-P of orchards, decline as the deep of soil profile. CaC12-P of all layers was bigger than the same deep of nature soil profile, the best bioaccumulation factors was 152.0. CaC12-P increased sharply when Olsen-P reached to a certain level, phosphorus leaching criterion of surface soil (0-20 cm) of 1, 2, 3, 11 soil profile were 101.99, 90.59, 68.54, 56.03 mg/kg, but when the soil were added phosphorus to 400 mg/kg, there were not sharply change of 7, 12 nature soil profile. Improvement measures were brought forward. Ratio of different fertilizer was optimized through soil testing and formulated fertilization, stops fertilizing or reduce the input of P fertilizer. Applied soil phosphorus activator and cooperated planting mulch grasses.

  Effects of Potassium on Direct-seeding Rapeseed Along the Yangtze River Regions in Anhui Province 2011, 27 (33):  104-107.  Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 531389KB )   ( 927 ) The research aimed to study effects of potassium supply on direct-seeding rapeseed yield, phosphorus recovery efficiency and economic benefits. The results indicated that potassium fertilizer could increase direct-seeding rapeseed yield significantly. Rapeseed yield was enhanced with the amount of K fertilizer added. The treatment K120 achieved the highest yield in the three test plots. With the increase of K application rate, partial factor productivity and K agronomic use efficiency were all decreased. The results also showed that K fertilizer significantly improved the economic benefits of direct-seeding rapeseed. The treatment of K120 achieved the maximum income and net profit of 6556.61 yuan/hm2 and 6052.61 yuan/hm2, respectively. The value to cost ratio (VCR) of K60 and K120 were higher than 2.0. We advise to take the treatment K120 as the optimum along the Yangtze River Regions in Anhui under the condition of this experiment.

  Research on Intensive Use of Cultivated Land and Its Driving Forces in Gansu Province 2011, 27 (33):  108-113.  Abstract + ( 1192 )   PDF ( 1455213KB )   ( 909 ) In order to explore the intensive use of arable land in Gansu Province over the past decade the driving force, the use of comprehensive analysis, cluster analysis and factor analysis, analysis of the impact of its intensive use of land space and time differences in various factors. The results showed that: (1) Cultivated land intensive use in Gansu province is increased year by year, but the level is low and improved slowly. The time characteristics is not obvious; (2) Restricted by different factors such as rainfall, terrain etc., the cultivated land intensive use of spatial characteristics is significant in Gansu province. There is more outstanding in the west and east of Yellow River. In 2008, for example the highest intensive degree city is Jiayuguan, it's up to 0.12. The lowest intensive degree city is Gannan, it's only 0.05; (3) Through the factor analysis, there are three major types of the driving forces of cultivated land intensive use in Gansu province: social economic factors, farming conditions and natural factors. Through the research，we found that the cultivated land intensive use of Gansu province mainly affected by the population, the scientific and technological level of policy and system, economic development, natural disasters restrictions. Relevant departments should from the above five aspects improve the level of cultivated land intensive use of Gansu province.

  Effects of Different Nutrient Management Models on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Early Rice 2011, 27 (33):  114-120.  Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 837535KB )   ( 1064 ) The effects of different nutrient management modes on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of early rice were studied in field-plot experiments. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase rice yield, compared with black treatment, the early rice increased by 41.06%-76.90%. different nitrogen management significantly influenced by the mode on yield, high yield and high efficiency model and the super-high-yield compared with farmers mode high mode, the yield were greatly increased by 16.62%-25.41%, and the nitrogen use efficiency also could be improved in varies degrees. While improving the effective ear of unit area, but also promote the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus nutrients.

  Analysis of the Potential Influence of Growth Stages and Yields for Double Rice in Hunan Province 2011, 27 (33):  121-126.  Abstract + ( 1086 )   PDF ( 712346KB )   ( 930 ) Using the localized crops growth model analyzes the change of the all growth periods and yields for double rice in Hunan Province and Hubei Province under the B2 scene. It provided the scientific basis on food security and the influence of dealing with climate change on agricultural production in China. Using the meteorological element predicted value under the B2 scenarios and the crops growth model, analyzed the potential influence of growth stages and yields for double rice in Hunan Province and Hubei Province from 2011 to 2050. The results showed that: all growth periods of irrigation for double rice in Hunan Province and Hubei Province from 2011 to 2050 would reduce for 1-7 days than from 1961 to 1990. The yield would reduce for 5%-12%. All growth periods for early rice in Hunan Province and Hubei Province from 2011 to 2050 would reduce for 1.5-4.5 days than from 1961 to 1990. The yield would reduce for 7%-14%. All growth periods for late rice in Hunan Province and Hubei Province from 2011 to 2050 would reduce for 1-3 days than from 1961 to 1990. The yield would reduce for 2%-10%. The difference between all growth periods of rain-fed for double rice in Hunan Province and Hubei Province from 2011 to 2050, and all growth periods of irrigation wouldn’t be big. But difference between yield of rain-fed for double rice in Hunan Province and Hubei Province from 2011 to 2050, and yield of irrigation would be big. The yield of rain-fed for double rice in Hunan Province and Hubei Province from 2011 to 2050 would reduce for 9%-21% than the yield of irrigation. The yield of rain-fed for early rice in Hunan Province and Hubei Province from 2011 to 2050 would reduce for 3%-14% than the yield of irrigation. The yield of rain-fed for late rice in Hunan Province and Hubei Province from 2011 to 2050 would reduce for 13%-33% than the yield of irrigation. The preliminary analysis indicated that the growth stages and yield for double rice in Hunan Province and Hubei Province would reduce under the B2 scenarios. Especially the decline of the yields of rain-fed for late rice would be big. We must positively deal with the influence of agricultural production on climate change.

  Screening of Different Japonica Rice Germplasm Tolerance to Nitrogen Deficiency in Cold Region of China 2011, 27 (33):  127-136.  Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 645685KB )   ( 966 ) In order to use the hereditary properties of japonica rice, reduce N applying rate and supply a foundation in rice breeding programme, the resistance of japonica rice to N stress was investigated. 110 different japonica rice germplasms were used in a soil pot culture and a field plot trial respectively. The main results were showed as following: The difference of the resistant ability to nitrogen deficiency between each individual rice germplasms used in the experiment was significant. According to the average values of membership function, 6 nonsensitive and 8 sensitive japonica rice germplasms to nitrogen stress were selected. The green leaf number and tillers at tillering stage, and the characters included straw dry weight, valid tillers, panicle length, spikelet number per panicle, grains per panicle and grain yield at harvest stage were all sensitive to nitrogen deficiency. These agronomic characters can be used as the indexes in screening rice tolerance to nitrogen deficiency program.

  Effects of Crop Rotation on Rice Quality 2011, 27 (33):  137-141.  Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 562996KB )   ( 942 ) We studied the influence to the rice quality in crop rotation through using contrast experiment method between the continuous cropping and the crop rotation. The results showed: From the appearance on the quality of it, the grain length and grain shape had no significant difference between crop rotation and continuous cropping. Chalky percentage and chalkiness were generally increased in crop rotation field. The milling quality of early rice was improved in the rotation field. Treatment D showed the best result. But the milling quality of late rice in continuous cropping field was generally better than it in crop rotation field. Different rotations have no effect on the transparency level of grain. The moisture content of early and late rice and the alkali spreading value of early rice had no significant difference between crop rotation and continuous cropping. Even for the amylose content of early rice in continuous cropping field was lower than it in crop rotation field, but the gelatination consistency was higher. The amylose content of late rice in continuous cropping field was also lower than it in crop rotation field, but the alkali spreading value and the gelatination consistency of late rice of treatment C were 20% higher than treatment A, and it had significant differences between the succession cropping and treatment C. Thus it could be seen the cooking quality of rice were not improved in the rotation field. And the cooking quality of rice in continuous cropping was better than it in crop rotation field.

  Spring Nitrogen Wheat on Different Soluble Sugar Content and Yield 2011, 27 (33):  142-145.  Abstract + ( 1122 )   PDF ( 524065KB )   ( 1113 ) Nitrogen assimilation and efficiency of usage are different for different varieties of wheat. In order to study the differences of assimilation and efficiency of usage for different varieties, choose ten wheat varieties with large promotion area in North China Plain area as materials, and adopt randomized group design. The research studies different influences of spring nitrogen treatment on different wheat varieties on different soluble sugar and yield during 2009-2010. The research showed that different nitrogen treatment had little influences on different wheat varieties at jointing stage, while it could improve the soluble sugar of wheat varieties at blooming stage. Different nitrogen treatment had influence on production of wheat, and improved the production of wheat, and the 8th (‘Zhongke9818’) has the maximum output, among the varieties tested. The test showed that spring nitrogen treatment was conducive to improving the wheat in the latter part of Carbon metabolic ability so as to increase production. The result provides foundation of the efficient breeding production and appropriate nitrogen provision.

  Analysis on Vulnerability of Winter Wheat in Anhui Province Basing on GIS 2011, 27 (33):  146-150.  Abstract + ( 1023 )   PDF ( 687184KB )   ( 1048 ) The disaster body, environment and ability of anti-disaster ability are the major factors of influencing meteorological disaster degree of damage if the disaster intension keeps unvarying. In order to confirm distribution characteristics of winter wheat drought vulnerability in Anhui province, and adopt corresponding solutions, the agriculture drought of winter wheat was chosen for research. The density of winter wheat, yield level, soil character, DEM, DEM standard deviation, rate of tree cover, network of rivers, effective irrigation areas, ensure stable yields despite drought or excessive rain area and average GDP were chosen for analysis index of disaster vulnerability. The hierarchy analysis was used to define weight coefficient. The drought vulnerability of winter wheat in Anhui Province was analyzed by using GIS space analysis function. Therefore the distribution map of drought vulnerability was created. The results showed that: the drought vulnerability of winter wheat was obvious in south and north in Anhui Province. Along the winter wheat production of Huaibei area was vulnerability of agriculture drought. Network of rivers, soil character, rate of tree cover and ensure stable yield despite drought or excessive rain area were major influence for agriculture drought. The measurements of anti-drought ability of winter wheat in production area should improve, decreased winter wheat agriculture drought vulnerability along Huaihe River, improving winter wheat high and stable yields level in Anhui Province.

  Effect of Root Exudates on Biomass and Nitrogen Uptake of Maize under Different Cropping Patterns 2011, 27 (33):  151-155.  Abstract + ( 1217 )   PDF ( 551401KB )   ( 914 ) In order to explore effect of root exudates on nitrogen uptake of maize under different cropping patterns, in this study, in the condition of different activated carbon treatment, through the quartz sand culture experiment, study on the changes of a large bell and the maturity period of biomass and nitrogen uptake of maize under different cropping patterns. The results showed that the treatment with adding activated carbon treatment maize biomass and N uptake were decreased than that without, large bell during total biomass and total N uptake were decreased by 16.12% and 34.96%, but not significantly on maturity. Adding activated carbon, as the root exudates were adsorbed, leading to in both periods maize biomass and N uptake Inter-cropping between the two modes was no significant differences. While not adding activated carbon, soybean root exudates increased maize biomass and N uptake, on the maturity total biomass and total N uptake of maize under maize/soybean model were higher than maize net by 30.58% and 71.24%. Sweet potato root exudates reduced maize biomass and nitrogen uptake, the maturity under maize /sweet potato model in total biomass and total N uptake were lower than maize net by 17.14% and 8.30%.

  Effect of Cultivation Density of Main Traits and Economic Benefit of Anti-season Waxy Corn in Mindong High Mountain 2011, 27 (33):  156-160.  Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 657029KB )   ( 914 ) In order to determine the optimum planting density of the alpine-anti-season waxy corn, the effect of cultivation density on the main traits and economic benefits of the waxy corn ‘Minnuo 0018’ was studied in Mindong. The results showed that: when the planting density was 57000 plants/hm2, both the commodity traits and yield of fresh ear could be balanced better, and reached to higher economic benefit. Too high or too low planting density could weaken the yield of fresh ear and economic benefit. Therefore when the alpine-anti-season waxy corn ‘Minnuo 0018’ was cultivated in a large scale in the eastern Fujian, the optimum density was 5700 plants/hm2.

  Effect of Different Population Structure of Soybean on its Growth and Development in Albic Soil 2011, 27 (33):  161-165.  Abstract + ( 1206 )   PDF ( 826697KB )   ( 973 ) Three factors and three-level orthogonal experimental design was used in this test. The results indicated that: The plant height, LAI, dry weight per plant was all changed obviously along with the changes of different genotype varieties, densities, row spacing. Therefore, different population structures affected the soybean growth and development very large, which were all reached 0.05 or 0.01 significant level. That is to say, the population structure and soybean growth and development had very close relationship. Therefore, the use of dwarf varieties, increase density, reduce the row spacing was an important way to increase soybean yield.

  Effect of Topping and Retention of Vegetation Branches on Cotton 2011, 27 (33):  166-170.  Abstract + ( 1042 )   PDF ( 702199KB )   ( 1115 ) To study the simplified cotton production technology, a field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of topping and pruning on cotton. With transgenic insect-resistance hybrid cultivars ‘Huazamian H318’ as materials, 4 treatments (A, B, C, D) were set up. A, B, C, D was topping and pruning, topping and non-pruning, non-topping and non-pruning, non-topping and pruning, respectively. The results indicated that: topping could delay the mean maturity days by 5-6 days. Topping and retention of vegetation branches was beneficial to the dry matter accumulation of stem, leaf and reproductive organs. More bolls per plant, lower boll weight and lint percentage appeared to result from the retention of monopodium. When plant density was the same, non-pruning can produced the same yield as pruning. Topping and pruning had little impact on the fiber quality, so topping and non-pruning was the best.

  The Study on Application of Humic Acid Liquid Fertilizer and Conditioner 2011, 27 (33):  171-175.  Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 628755KB )   ( 1430 ) In order to provide the evidence for resource utilization of black liquor, the field experiments of humic acid product from black liquor were carried out in Xinjiang Province. With designing three treatments and fixed-point & fixed-plant method, physiological indexes of cotton were investigated and biochemical indexes were determined to study the effect of humic acid product on the cotton growth, production and drought resistance. The experiments showed that, compared with the conventional solid fertilizer, liquid fertilizer could remarkably promote the growth of cotton and increase the number of bud, flower and boll in the growing period in drip irrigation. The crop was not easy to decline and mature time was prolonged with the treatment of liquid fertilizer. The liquid fertilizer also can enhance the economic characteristics of cotton, and the crop’s yield treated with liquid fertilizer was increased by 12.3% than that of solid fertilizer. Moreover, the cotton experiment results supported that humic acid product from black liquor could evidently reduce transpiration rate of cotton leaf, and increase water-retention capacity and CAT activity. Therefore drought resistance of cotton was elevated. The study concluded that humic acid product from black liquor had positive effect on cotton growth, yield and drought resistance.

  The Effect of Nantong Meteorological Element on Cotton Yield and its Component Factors 2011, 27 (33):  176-179.  Abstract + ( 1099 )   PDF ( 550731KB )   ( 1058 ) In order to study meteorological factors on cotton yield and its composition factors in Nantong, the author used the information of regional cotton variety test in Nantong in 2009, analyzed cotton yield and component factors associated with meteorological factors in the three pilot. The results showed that: it had significant correlation between the average temperature in the growth period and seed cotton yield, boll weight. In the whole growth period of cotton, with the higher the temperature and the higher the yield of cotton in the appropriate temperature range, it was one of the important factors about appropriate water in the cotton growth. It had adverse affects in the cotton growth if the precipitation would be too much or too little. There was a significant negative correlation between the precipitation in boll stage and lint yield. More rainfall during the blooming period, the lower the yield of cotton, it was because too much rain falling result to increase take off the cotton, and decrease in the number of bolls. It had significant positive correlation between sunshine hours and cotton lint yield, boll weight. In the blooming period, it had significant positive correlation between sunshine hours and lint yield. In short, weather conditions in Nantong correlated with cotton production, and light was affecting the key factor in cotton production.

  Study on the Evaluation of Farmland Productivity in Beixing Farm of Heilongjiang Province 2011, 27 (33):  180-186.  Abstract + ( 1309 )   PDF ( 1014012KB )   ( 929 ) This paper describes the technology farmland productivity evaluation process in Beixing farm of Heilongjiang Province and investigation land-based production, soil fertility, land utilization, and make a comprehensive evaluation as Beixing block farm for unit. Evaluation of farmland productivity grading, to verify the evaluation results, evaluation results for the proposed construction of land quality protection and rationalization proposals in order to promote soil testing and fertilizer, and to provide a scientific basis for sustainable agricultural development.

  The Advance of Protein Oxidation and Proteomics in Plant Cells 2011, 27 (33):  187-193.  Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 843620KB )   ( 2047 ) Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative modification of amino acids is one of the main mechanisms of protein oxidative damage. This article gave an overview of the advances in ROS production in plant cell, protein oxidation and identification, oxidation proteomics in plant-related applications. At last, the current problems in this area were analyzed and the prospects were provided.

  Cloning and Expression of the α-amylase Gene from Bacillus subtilis FS321 2011, 27 (33):  194-198.  Abstract + ( 1026 )   PDF ( 1355030KB )   ( 1033 ) The thermostable α-amylase was widely used in the fields of food industry etc., in the present study, a moderate thermostable α-amylase gene was cloned from Bacillus subtilis FS321, which was isolated from the dunghill soil in the northern of China, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The α-amylase gene from B.subtilis FS321 (BSA) was cloned using PCR method, the complete ORF of BSA was in a size of 1980 bp. The recombinant expression vector of pET-28a/BSA was constructed, and transformed to E. coli BL21 (DE3). A fusion protein with a size of about 73.0 kDa displayed in SDS-PAGE and the clear zones developed in the soluble starch plate demonstrated that the BSA was functional expressed in E. coli after induction by IPTG. The optimum reaction temperature of the recombinant α-amylase was of 50℃, and optimum reaction pH of 7.5.

  Research Advance of Suppression Effect of Soil Habitat on Tobacco Black Root Rot 2011, 27 (33):  199-202.  Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 536983KB )   ( 1034 ) Tobacco black root rot once resulting in great loss is a worldwide fungal disease. This paper gave a concise introduction on the outbreak of Tobacco black root rot in our nation recent years and the pathogenicbacteria, biological characteristics, infection and symptom of this disease, and then summarized the effects of soil habitat factors, included soil physi-chemical properties, soil nutrient status, root exudates and soil microorganism, on tobacco black root rot. At last, we raised some procedures, such as improving field management and cultivation strategies, reasonable fertilization and biocontrol, to ameliorate soil habitat and control the disease.

  Bionomics of the Larvae of the Pachliopta aristolochiae adieus 2011, 27 (33):  203-206.  Abstract + ( 1129 )   PDF ( 581181KB )   ( 975 ) To utilize and effectively control Pachliopta aristolochiae adaeus, the life habit, food amount and body weight of Pachliopta aristolochiae adaeus larva being fed on leavies of Aristolochiae tagala were studied in the laboratory. The results showed that larvae had the habit of feeding on their own sloughs and killing each other. Food amount of the 1st to 3rd instars was smaller, accounted for 5.23% of the total food amount, while that of the 5th instars was the biggest, accounted for 77.11%. The trend of the feeding rate was similar to that of the feeding amount. The changes of body weight showed S-type in the larval stage.

  Evaluation of the biocontrol potential of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and Beauveria bassiana isolates against Macrosiphoniella Sanborni 2011, 27 (33):  207-212.  Abstract + ( 1095 )   PDF ( 1263139KB )   ( 1120 ) Eight isolates of P. fumosoroseus (Pfr116, Pfr612, Pfr2175 and Pfr153) and B. bassiana (Bb2880, Bb2860, Bb2861 and Bb2879) were bioassayed against M. Sanborni under laboratory conditions. Aphids on the leaves were separately exposed to conidial suspension spray under a Potter Spray Tower at the concentrations of 21-902 conidia/mm2 for the P. fumosoroseus isolates, or at 10-646 conidia/mm2 for the B. bassiana isolates. As a consequence, the cumulative mortalities were 17.4-100.0% for P. fumosoroseus and 37.3-100.0% for B. bassiana, respectively. The estimates of LC50 (unit: conidia/mm2) were 126 for Pfr116, 442 for Pfr612, 213 for Pfr153, 234 for Pfr2175, 155 for Bb2880, 86 for Bb2860, 99 for Bb2861 and 138 for Bb2879 on day 5 after exposure, respectively. The estimates of LT50 for the 8 isolates against the pest species decreased with higher conidial concentrations, and the differences among the isolates tended to decline with the increasing concentrations. At 150 conidia/mm2, the LT50 estimates ranged from 4.5 to 7.7 days for the P. fumosoroseus isolates and from 4.5 to 5.1 days for the B. bassiana isolates. Based on comparison of both LC50 and LT50 estimates, the isolates Bb2860 and Pfr2175 were desirable candidates with high virulence and fast infection to the aphid pest.

  Research on Present Status of Rice Blast Monitoring and Prediction Methods and Preliminary Establishment of Disease Epidemic Risk Assessment System 2011, 27 (33):  213-216.  Abstract + ( 1398 )   PDF ( 574676KB )   ( 800 ) Rice blast is one of the most serious diseases in rice production, and precise monitoring and predicting on the occurrence and epidemic condition of rice blast is the basis of effective disease prevention and control. In this paper, present status of rice blast monitoring and prediction was analyzed from three aspects of application bacteria information, meteorological information and rice canopy spectral information. Problems and difficulties concerning with different methods of monitoring and prediction were summarized. Based on the above analysis, the method of establishing disease epidemic risk assessment system applying multi-source information relative with blast occurrence was put forward from the perspective of system research. The study can advance the precision of rice blast monitoring and prediction and also give references to other diseases monitoring and prediction.

  Progress in research of active antimicrobial peptides from the skins of frog 2011, 27 (33):  217-220.  Abstract + ( 1708 )   PDF ( 544340KB )   ( 1085 ) Progress in research of active antimicrobial peptides from the skins of frog ZHOU Qing-feng1, ZHAO Wen-feng2，ZHANG Xiang-fei3 (1. Department of Life Science and Technology, ShangQiu Normal College, ShangQiu, 476000; 2. School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009) Abstract: Antimicrobial peptide from the skins of frog is a kind of bioactive peptide existed extensively in nature, and is one key component of the host-resistance apparatus so-called innate immunity. At present, a series of antimicrobial peptide with novel structures and unique function were isolated from frog resources, which are potential resources for anti-infective and diabetes therapeutic drug. By literature retrieval and induction, the progress in research of antimicrobial peptide from the skins of frog was reviewed in this paper. Key words: the skin of frog; antimicrobial peptide; insulin-releasing; activity

  Study on the Supply and Demand of Primary Products in China Based on the Balanced Diet 2011, 27 (33):  221-226.  Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 722340KB )   ( 895 ) In order to ensure the supply of agricultural products, improving the production has been our main goal of agriculture. But our agricultural production hasn’t been considered with the balanced diet of our resident, the agricultural production is blindness. The paper calculated the demand of primary products in the condition of balanced diet，according to the dietary standard in the “China 'dietary guidelines” drew by Chinese Nutrition Society, then compared with the supply of our primary products. The score showed that most kinds of agricultural production exceeded the reasonable demanding. Therefore, adjusting the agricultural structure and advocating balance diet will become an important approach to balance the supply and demand of the agricultural product.

  Analysis of Aroma Compositions and Smoking Quality of Five Different Genotypes of Flue-cured Tobacco in West Henan wei fengjie 2011, 27 (33):  227-232.  Abstract + ( 1063 )   PDF ( 867093KB )   ( 817 ) Abstract: This paper is aimed to discuss the contrast analysis of the In order to provide the basis information for the selection of genotype of flue-cured tobacco in west Henan, the aroma compositions and smoking quality of five main cultivated flue-cured tobacco species were determined and compared. The volatile aromatic components was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC/MS) and the smoking quality was evaluated by comprehensive evaluation based on hierarchical systems of unblended cigarette sensory quality. The results showed that: total contents of aroma compositions of tobacco leaves varied among different genotypes. The order of the content of aroma compositions of different genotype was ‘Luoyang 4’, ‘Zhongyan 100’, ‘K326’, ‘Yunyan 202’ and ‘Changbohuang’. Content of neophytadiene showed the consistent tendency with aroma compositions among different genotypes. Products degraded by phenylalanine in ‘K326’ were the highest，followed by ‘Zhongyan 100’, ‘Luoyang 4’. The dissolutions of browning reaction in ‘Zhongyan 100’ was the highest, followed by ‘Luoyang 4’, the lowest one was ‘Changbohuang’. ‘Luoyang 4’ had the highest content of products degraded by carotenoid and cembranenoid, followed by ‘Zhongyan 100’. The results of the smoking quality evaluation showed that cutter and lower leaves of ‘Zhongyan 100’ had the highest smoking score, followed by ‘Luoyang 4’, and ‘Changbohuang’ had the lowest score. Upper leaves of ‘Luoyang 4’ had the highest smoking score, followed by ‘Zhongyan 100’, and ‘K326’ had the lowest score.

  Effects of Bagging Treatments on Fruit Qualities and Contents of K, Ca, Mg of ‘Cuiguan’ Pear under Plastic Tunnel Culture 2011, 27 (33):  233-237.  Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 1931093KB )   ( 823 ) Different types of bags, including normal double-layer bag (treatⅠ), Kobayashni double-layer bag (treatⅡ), and Kobayashi sing-layer bag (treatⅢ), were chosen to study the effects of different bag types on fruit quality of ‘Cuiguan’ under plastic tunnel culture. The contents of mineral elements K, Ca and Mg in peel, pulp and kernel were also detected. The results showed that all the three treatments improved significantly skin surface brightness (L*). As treatⅠandⅡ, the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid in peel decreased, but the degree of fruit surface rust aggravated. The rust index increased by 15.2%, and 3.6% respectively in comparison with control (CK). As treat Ⅲ, the rust index, chlorophyll and carotenoid in peel have no significant differences with CK. Weight per fruit and TSS (total soluble solid) were deceased significantly by bagging, with the weight of single fruit decreased by 8.3% and 7.9% respectively for treatⅠandⅡ,and TSS reduced by 0.54% and 0.74% for treatⅡand Ⅲ. While fruit-shape index, total soluble sugars, total acid and sugar-acid ratio of the bagged fruits showed no significant differences with CK.The contents of Ca in peel and pulp decreased by bagging as well. As a result, the technique of non-bagging or Kobayashi single-layer bagging should be chosen for the cultivation of ‘Cuiguan’ pear under the condition of plastic tunnel culture.

  Research on the Purity of Polysaccharide of Pleurotus geesteranus Extracted from Suspension Fermentation 2011, 27 (33):  238-242.  Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 1037456KB )   ( 710 ) Although soy dreg, which was the leavings of making tofu, which could be used to cultured edible fungi by suspension fermentation and further to extract the polysaccharide, the purity of polysaccharide prepared by this method was still unknown. In this research, the fungal biomass grown on the surface of soy dreg particles was estimated by the ergosterol contents, and the purity of polysaccharide of Pleurotus geesteranus was estimated based on the yield of polysaccharide from controlled mycelia of Pleurotus geesteranus and the yield of polysaccharide extracted from fermented residue of soy dreg. Moreover, the orthogonal design of L9(34)of culture medium was used to optimize the purity of polysaccharide. Range Analysis indicated that the sequence of significance for main factors was: wheat bran > soy dreg > glucose > potato. The optimized suspension fermentation of soy dreg for Pleurotus geesteranus was: glucose 3%, soy dreg 5% (without filtered), wheat bran (filtrate) 0.5%, MgSO4 0.15%, KH2PO4 0.3%, VB1 0.01%, yeast powder 0.15%, pH natural. After 7 days’ fermentation, the purity of polysaccharide of Pleurotus geesteranus was 75.27% with yield of 3.67% fermented residue.

  Analysis of Protein Contents in Panicum miliaceum L. by Near Infrared Transmittance Spectroscopy 2011, 27 (33):  243-247.  Abstract + ( 1217 )   PDF ( 598536KB )   ( 864 ) To explore a rapid determination method of protein content in grains of Panicum miliaceum L., the predicted models for quantitative analysis of protein contents in the grains was built using near infrared transmittance spectroscopy (NITS), and the influence of optics derivative treatment methods combined with different regression methods on the model was studied. The results showed that the predicting effects of the four combinations between the partial least squares (PLS), the modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression method and first derivative and second derivative were similar. MPLS in combination with first derivative was the best model. In this model, the correlation coefficient (1-VR) was 0.8570, the average determination coefficient of validation (R2) was 0.8806, the square error of cross (SEC) was 0.3424, the square error of cross validation (SECV) was 0.3751, and the standard error of prediction (SEP) was 0.454. The NITS model of intact Panicum miliaceum L. grain for protein content determination could be substituted for traditional chemical method.

  Study on Ultrasonic-Assisted Organic Solvent Extraction Process 2011, 27 (33):  248-253.  Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 731129KB )   ( 842 ) The aim of this study was to better exploit and utilize silkworm faeces, and provided experimental data and theoretical basis for industrial production of chlorophyll from silkworm faeces. Silkworm faeces as raw material, chlorophyll was prepared with mixture solution of acetone and ethanol (2:1) using the method of ultrasonic-assisted organic solvent extraction in this study. The influences of main process parameters, including ratios of solid material to solvent volume, softening time, ultrasonic temperatures and ultrasonic time on chlorophyll extraction efficiency from silkworm faeces were compared and analyzed, moreover, the extraction process was optimized via single-factor tests and a four-factor three-level orthogonal array experimental design (L9(34)). The results showed that the method of ultrasonic-assisted organic solvent extraction was an effective and practicable one for chlorophyll extraction from silkworm faeces. The most suitable conditions for chlorophyll extraction from silkworm faeces were as follows: ratio of solid material to solvent volume was 1:200 (g/mL), softening time was 10 min, ultrasonic temperature was 50℃ and ultrasonic time was 60 min. And the concentration of chlorophyll a reached 13.825 mg/L when the optimal conditions were met. Therefore, the ultrasonic-assisted organic solvent extraction process was with easy operation and high safety, low cost, high product quality, and provided reference value for further industrial production of chlorophyll from silkworm faeces.

  Effects of Different Pretreatments on Micorganism of Fresh-cut Ananas comosus 2011, 27 (33):  254-257.  Abstract + ( 1019 )   PDF ( 636045KB )   ( 1065 ) In order to maintain and improve the storage quality of fresh-cut Ananas comosus, Ananas comosus ‘Bali’ was used to investigate the effects of different pretreatments (control, organic acid, blanching and organic acid combined with blanching) on micorganism during storage. The results showed that: there were fewer and lower number of coliform bacteria in storage of fresh-cut pineapple; for the impact of mold, the effect of blanching was the most obvious, the number of fungus was only 1/10 of control when the day 5, followed by the integrated treatment. With the extension of storage time, the yeast content of fresh-cut pineapple increased, the yeast increasing of control treatment was the fastest, followed by organic acid treatment, while, the yeast increasing of blanching and integrated treatments were most slowly, at the end of storage (11 d), the yeast contents of blanching and integrated treatments were lower 1.7×106 cfu/g and 1.5×106 cfu/g than the control, respectively, there were significant differences among treatments (P<0.01). The colony of fresh-cut pineapple continued to grow during storage, the increase in colony of control was the fastest, followed by organic acid treatment, and blanching treatment. The results indicated that mold and yeast were the main microorganisms of fresh-cut pineapple, blanching can prevent rot and deterioration of fresh-cut pineapple, it was due to that the increasing in mold, yeast and the total number of colonies can be significantly inhibited by blanching, whereas the effects of control and organic acid treatments were poor for maintaining quality of fresh-cut pineapple.

  The Liability Incentives of Food Safety in the Traceability System 2011, 27 (33):  258-265.  Abstract + ( 967 )   PDF ( 672610KB )   ( 768 ) This paper is mainly to analysis the liability incentives of the main body of the supply chain in the traceability system, and provides a framework for empirical analysis. This paper develops a formal model of how, by making liability feasible, traceability causes the degree of food safety to increase. This paper model a stylized marketing chain composed of farmers, marketers, firms and consumers，use of comparative static approach to analysis the supply chain responsibility to stimulate the body. The model explores in detail the relationships between traceability and the provision of food safety: The greater the degree of the main efforts and the greater are the liability incentives to supply safer food; the higher the levels of traceability and the greater the liability incentives to supply safer food; the larger the number of farmers, marketers and firms its responsibility to provide safe food incentive is smaller, then the larger the number of farmers, marketers and firms, the larger is the free-rider problem and the greater are the liability incentives to supply safer food provided by increase the traceability. The model captures some important features of the creation of liability incentives through better traceability. And a potential consequence of the current trend in seeking better traceability is an increase in vertical coordination and integration.

  3D Reconstruction of Virtual Agricultural Field Scene Based on Digital Camera 2011, 27 (33):  266-272.  Abstract + ( 1085 )   PDF ( 1056390KB )   ( 1156 ) In this paper, we present a new approach for 3D reconstruction of agricultural field scene using a hand-hold digital camera. Firstly, EXIF information such as focal length was abstracted from image in JEPG format, camera intrinsic matrix could be solved based on these parameters. Camera extrinsic matrix was acquired from SVD decomposition of essential matrix which stand for matching relationship between two images, with intrinsic and extrinsic matrix camera projection matrix was available. Secondly, in order to generate dense 3D points cloud of field scene, each pixel was matched up according to SSD value, under the searching threshold from the differences of SIFT matching points in two images. Finally, the initial 3D model was refined with bundle adjustment, map the RGB value to correspondence 3D point, we got the final agricultural field scene. From the 3D reconstruction result, we can draw the conclusion that, our method has a good reflection of real world, and has the advantage of concision, and highly automated.

  Design of Heat Preservation System of External Surface and Its Impaction on the Amount of Incident Light of Greenhouses ZHANG YaPing 2011, 27 (33):  273-277.  Abstract + ( 1018 )   PDF ( 4971018KB )   ( 687 ) In order to improve the performance of greenhouse, the location of heat protection blanket was changed. We mainly weld a storage rack in the back slope of the greenhouse, which was used to store heat. Storage at 16.7° was to facilitate the decentralization of heat protection quilt. In so doing, improve the high of heat protection quilt at 40 cm by rolling up a high degree, may also enhance the light intensity in greenhouse in winter. On the other hand improve roof vent about 20 cm height may increase the greenhouse ventilation capacity. At the same time, heat can be stored in the storage without taking off the shelves in the summer. This saved manpower, storage space, reduced wear and tear of heat protection quilt and improved the number of years heat protection quilt used to be, so the greenhouse can save about 18000 yuan in its life time. But there were also disadvantages of the design, stored on the ceiling may increase the ridge of high of greenhouse, which could increase the shadow length about 89 cm back of greenhouse in winter. In this study, we determine the light through the greenhouse, ventilation capacity, financial and material resources to save, to examine the feasibility’s short comings and propose improved solutions.

  Design of Embedded Wireless Temperature Control System for Agricultural Greenhouse 2011, 27 (33):  278-282.  Abstract + ( 894 )   PDF ( 1025189KB )   ( 950 ) In order to dynamically real-time monitor the agricultural greenhouse temperature effectively, it proposes to design a greenhouse temperature control system based on Zigbee wireless network and Linux embedded operating system. The system designed with C/S structure, is composed of lower computer and upper computer in two parts. The lower computer system including temperature acquisition nodes and aggregation nodes: the temperature acquisition nodes complete function of temperature information collection and wireless data transmission in different locations inside the greenhouse, aggregation nodes in addition to completing the data gathering tasks can turn on the fans or heating systems according to feedback control commands from upper computer. The server-side upper computer system stores and analyzes data, and real-time controls lower computer system according to its analysis results. It has proved in practice that the system can accurately monitor the greenhouse temperature, effectively reduce wiring costs and it is helpful to reduce labor costs and increase crop yields.

  Study on Construction of Database of Plants Varieties of Common Knowledge 2011, 27 (33):  283-287.  Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 587337KB )   ( 1092 ) Database of plants varieties of common knowledge (short for ‘PVCK’) includes information of characteristics, pictures and DNA fingerprints of plants varieties, as well as some useful information, such as varieties name, VCU, protection, promotion, transfer, breeding, cultivation, propagation, preservation and other management and technical information, have functions that to imitate human decision process, selecting similar varieties and reviewing varieties name automatically. Web-based database of PVCK, with a high degree of sharing, can greatly improve exchanging efficiency of variety protection, VCU trial, seed testing and other management information. It’s a important technical support to the authorities of agricultural seed quality control on maintaining the market order. This database is good for saving social costs, it can help seed companies or breeders to select varieties and to develop breeding objectives by providing important reference information. So, based on the study on domestic and foreign plants varieties management system, this thesis points out the key information and functions of plants varieties management and comes to the conclusion of construction method of China PVCK database.

  Discuss Existing Problems on DUS Testing Guidelines Revision of New Cotton Varieties Protection 2011, 27 (33):  288-291.  Abstract + ( 1341 )   PDF ( 549473KB )   ( 763 ) Cotton DUS test guidelines revision (2010) with 2008 edition cotton DUS test guidelines compared reflects more practical and efficient advantage in the choice of test traits, but for some, the division of the characters will side on grading not accurate enough refinement, in the practice application still exist in the quality traits of some false choice whether you choose, the determination of standard varieties and approximate varieties such as how to choose, etc. This paper analyzes and discusses the reason of the existence of the these problems, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, in order to provide some references for the general cotton breeders and succeeding work of cotton DUS testing.

  Generalization Research of Digital Land Use Current Situation Map 2011, 27 (33):  292-296.  Abstract + ( 952 )   PDF ( 697997KB )   ( 843 ) In order to seek a more convenient, fast, high accuracy map generalization solution, the author used the second development interface of ArcObjects component to come true the fast, effective and high efficiency shortening the map size of land use from 1:10000 to 1:50000 by use ArcMap soft based on county cultivated land resources management system construction project. It refers to two aspects, that is, small polygon aggregation and narrow features broken and merger. The result shows work efficiency increasing and precision improving, and these two aspects herein ensure the higher quality of map generalization of land use as well. It can be recommended as an important reference and good methods to realize the map generalization of land use from 1:10000 to 1:50000.

  Research on Information Consultation Service of Library of Agricultural Colleges and Universities in China 2011, 27 (33):  297-301.  Abstract + ( 1005 )   PDF ( 574570KB )   ( 714 ) Agricultural university libraries and other types of libraries and intelligence agencies information consultation service are comparing to emerge lower in the overall level of service in China, then it is important to enhance agricultural university library information consultation service of capability. Using the internet survey, the author aimed to 10 agricultural university libraries information consultation service survey and analysis, and pointed out that agricultural university libraries resources and services would establish the great development of large systems, diversification of service delivery system, information public service capacity system, co-sharing system, librarian team building system, the new technical support system, integrated marketing system and other means to improve agricultural university libraries information consultation service.

  The Analysis on Agricultural Science and Technology Documents and Files Management 2011, 27 (33):  302-305.  Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 495745KB )   ( 803 ) The characteristics and types of the agricultural science and technology documents, and the work of assembling files were analyzed. The collection, management and filing of the agricultural science and technology documents should start from the characteristics of the agricultural science and technology documents. It should collect the important files completely, and also consider the convenience and practicability. The feasible method was that the set of documents and the important level of science and technology documents were used to be the principle combing many methods to assemble files.

  Exploration on the Development, Multifunction and Construction of Community Gardens in the United States 2011, 27 (33):  306-313.  Abstract + ( 1288 )   PDF ( 1159519KB )   ( 953 ) Community garden which is any piece of land gardened and maintained by a group of people， as one form of urban agriculture, has become an effective way to improve the relationship between human and land. To learn the foreign advanced experiences of community garden so as to stimulate China’s urban agricultural development, the history, main functions and basic forms of community gardens in America were briefly introduced．And a field survey about 14 community gardens in Los Angeles was conducted. The studies indicated that the community garden with a track record going back to one hundred years ago, fulfill multi-functions such as produces food, environmental benefits, as well as provide far reaching social, economical and cultural benefits. The community garden boasts various construction types and perfect management system. The public lands reclaimed have been used for food production first. The gardeners encourage frugality and organic farming. But the innate defects such as tenant would hinder the development of community garden. It has good reference significance for the urban agriculture and green space planning of China. This paper from urbanization, aging and development of communities perspective, explores the potential of community gardening as an important tool for city planning and urban agriculture. At last, the development strategies for community garden were discussed.

  Research on the Development of Leisure Agriculture Industrialization in China 2011, 27 (33):  314-317.  Abstract + ( 869 )   PDF ( 524037KB )   ( 1040 ) In order to widen the space of leisure agriculture development, Industrialization development is an effective way to improve competitiveness of leisure agriculture and raises economic benefit. Industrialization development should solve the question of the farmer organization, safeguard the fundamental interests of the farmers and realize the integration of production and business. Leisure agriculture industrialization can be realized by establishing a new type of leisure agriculture industrialization organization, setting up modern enterprise system and creating a leisure agricultural brand.

  Research on Dynamic Mechanism of the Development of Agricultural Tourism in Shanghai 2011, 27 (33):  318-322.  Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 585595KB )   ( 748 ) According to the concept of agricultural tourism, proposed two stages of development of agricultural tourism in Shanghai. They were growth stage and mature stage. And these were five types of agricultural tourism. This paper argued that demand system, gravitational system, intermediary system and rural support system constituted the dynamic mechanism of agricultural tourism. Further pointed out that in the development process of agricultural tourism in Shanghai, reform momentum, market momentum, image momentum and social momentum plays the leading role respectively in dynamic mechanism, and then they form a dynamic change. Finally, pointed out that these four momentum formed endogenous capacity of rural self-development and exogenous driving force of urbanization which maintain the operation of dynamic mechanism of agricultural tourism.