Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.32 Published:15 December 2011

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  The Effect of Micro-climate Control System to Relieve Heat Stress 2011, 27 (32):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1135 )   PDF ( 679242KB )   ( 884 ) n this study we chose 2 microorganism fermentation bed pigsty. The improvement of pigsty temperature, humidity, THI and the effect of body temperature, feed intake, weight daily gain, feed conversion ratio, economic benefits in the fermentation bed pigsty installed with the micro-climate control system are for comparative analysis. The results show that using the south area micro-climate control system in the fermentation bed pigsty in summer can significantly improve the micro-climate in pigsty, ensure the health of swine, increase the daily gain and feed efficiency.

  CETP gene of Arctic Fox polymorphism and production performance-related analysis 2011, 27 (32):  6-9.  Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 786296KB )   ( 826 ) By PCR-SSCP technique Daxinganling arctic fox breeding areas of cholesterol ester transfer protein gene and flanking exon sequences analysis of genetic variation to investigate the arctic fox CETP gene genetic characteristics. The results showed that: in its 5 'flanking sequence polymorphism, there are three kinds of genotypes (AA, BB, AB). Arctic fox population in the proportion of AA, respectively, was 0.019%, BB is 0.778%, AB is 0.203 percent, while use of software analysis SPSS13.0 polymorphisms and the relationship between performance results and more states and their growth performance exists between the difference was significant (P> 0.05).

  Correlated Analysis on Egg Quality Traits of Huainan Spotted-yellow Chicken 2011, 27 (32):  10-13.  Abstract + ( 892 )   PDF ( 585419KB )   ( 842 ) The egg quality traits of 526 Huainan spotted-yellow chicken eggs were measured and correlated analysis was conducted. The results showed that, the values and its standard deviation of average egg weight, egg-shape index, shell thickness, shell strength, yolk color, Haugh unit, percentage of yolk were 43.49±2.79 g, 1.28±0.05, 0.42±0.03 mm, 4.75±0.80 kg/cm2, 5.85±1.03, 85.06±5.29 and 31.53%±3.00%, respectively. The main color of shell color was pink and had a percent of 69.0. There were significant correlation between egg weight and shell strength, shell thickness and shell strength, yolk color and Haugh unit, Haugh unit and percentage of yolk (P<0.01). The egg weight presented a significant correlation with shell thickness (P<0.05). This study suggested that eggs of Huainan spotted-yellow chicken had high quality and egg weight should be increased for genetic improvement of egg quality in future, considering the correlation between other egg quality traits.

  Study on the Relationship between Grain Production and Development of Animal Husbandry in Heilongjiang Province 2011, 27 (32):  14-20.  Abstract + ( 998 )   PDF ( 796254KB )   ( 822 ) Heilongjiang Province is not only an important commodity grain production base in China, but also the country's major livestock-producing province, the relationship of food production and animal husbandry development of Heilongjiang Province is significant to the commodity grain base construction, which has been one of the important problems in Heilongjiang Province. From the food production and the development of animal husbandry coordination degree, the relationship between food production and development of animal husbandry were studied from two aspects of timing and space to sum up the trends of food animal production coordination degree in Heilongjiang Province, which can be divided into three stages: (1) 1985-1993 years of frequent fluctuations in the period; (2) 1994-2003 years of sustained period of decline; 2004-2009 years of hovering rise, food animal production has been in a contrary mode, which can be divided into: extreme contrary to district, moderate contrary to district and Low contrary to district. Finally, the industrial structure for coordinating the relationship between food production and animal husbandry should be adjusted, a reasonable structure of farming should be determined, the structure of livestock breeding should be optimized, and then it would play an active role in promoting food production and animal husbandry.

  Advance in Detection Methods of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J 2011, 27 (32):  21-24.  Abstract + ( 980 )   PDF ( 594671KB )   ( 1044 ) Avian leukosis was a tumor infection disease harmed to chicken industry of China and prevalent in decade years. Avian leukosis virus subgroup J was the pathogeny of avian leukosis subgroup J of broilers and egg chickens. This paper summarized the advance in detection methods (etiology method, immunology method and molecular biology method) of avian leukosis virus subgroup J.

  The research of pholiota adiposa polysaccharide on antioxygenic ability and gastric mucosa barrie protection mechanism in Rats 2011, 27 (32):  25-29.  Abstract + ( 1018 )   PDF ( 700698KB )   ( 803 ) Abstract: Research of pholiota adiposa polysaccharide on antioxygenic ability,and the effect of gastric mucosa barrie protection mechanism of high-intensity endurance training rats.Through set up animal movement models to test the contents of antioxygenic in blood and gastric mucosa after training , to observation the effect on gastric mucosa barrie improvement of pholiota adiposa polysaccharide. The result is compared with the quiet group, the antioxidant enzyme activity of the high-intensity endurance training group obvious improvement, the MDA content have no obvious change , the injured gastric mucosa has been improved.Therefore the pholiota adiposa polysaccharide can improve the oxidative stress levels in high-intensity endurance training rats, and enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity to help protect the integrity of the structure and function of gastric mucosa barrie. It can be used as natural antioxidants and sports nutrition tonics for further research and development.

  Isoalantolactone reduces α-toxin production by Staphylococcus aureus 2011, 27 (32):  30-33.  Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 794077KB )   ( 924 ) In the study, we are aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of isoalantolactone against Staphylococcus aureus, and further assess the influence of isoalantolactone on the production of α-toxin by S. aureus. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by a broth micro-dilution method. The effects of isoalantolactone on α-toxin production were assessed by hemolysis, western blot, and real-time RT-PCR assays. The MICs of isoalantolactone against S. aureus strains were greater than 1,024 μg/ml. However, low concentrations of isoalantolactone could substaintially inhibit the expression of α-toxin by S. aureus. The data present here indicate that isoalantolactone may potentially be used as a lead compound for the development of anti-virulence drug.

  Expression of Vibrio TDH-VVC-VMHA Fusion Protein and Development of Double Antibody Sandwich ELISA for Vibrio Toxin 2011, 27 (32):  34-37.  Abstract + ( 1019 )   PDF ( 641568KB )   ( 956 ) In order to improve the detection speed and efficiency, a double antibody sandwich ELISA was developed to detect Vibrio parahaemolyticus，Vibrio vulnificus or Vibrio minicus in food simultaneously. The cytorrhyctes of the fusion protein were purified by the electroeluting to immunize cavia cobaya,anti-serum were uesed as capture antibody，goat anti-guinea pig IgG/HRP were uesed as labelled-antibody,optimizing condition was determined by use of the chessboard titration method. The result showed that,the double antibody sandwich ELISA having obvious positive reaction with the culture supernatant of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio mimicus , but no positive reaction with 8 other culture supernatant of contrast strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria, etc. It indicated that this method can be used to detect Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and V. mimicus toxin in food simultaneously.

  Review of Studies on the Germplasm Resources of the Schizothoracinae Fishes 2011, 27 (32):  38-46.  Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 778292KB )   ( 1477 ) The schizothoracinae fishes, commonly known as mountain carp, which belong to Schizothoracinae, Cyprinidae and Cypriniforme, comprise 90 species (subspecies) and 12 genera. Almost all species in Schizothoracinae are the wild species of big to middle size with highly scientific and economic value. The group of fishes are mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and its adjacent area. Especially, most of the species in Schizothoracinae live in China and many are endemic to China. The germplasm resources, also called genetic resources, means the gene pool of species. The germplasm resources can be studied by the methods of morphology, cell biology, biochemistry and molecular biology. With the development of study on the germplasm resources of fishes, the germplasm resources of the schizothoracinae fishes has become one of research foci today. This paper reviews the progress of study on the germplasm resources of the schizothoracinae fishes, including the researches in the classification, species diversity, geographic distribution, cell biology, biochemistry and molecular biology of the group, so as to supply scientific data for the conservation and utilization of the schizothoracinae fishes.

  The comparative histology studies on digestive system of four species of economic freshwater fishes 2011, 27 (32):  47-55.  Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 2278488KB )   ( 1149 ) Organization structure characteristics of digestive system and feeding are closely related, for basic research in different appetites freshwater fish feed, four freshwater fishes, like Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker and Monopterus albus, are studied. The histology of the digestive system in the four species fishes were studied by optical microscopes and H.E dyeability. The organizational structure characteristics have been compared, include ratio of intestine gut length to body length, density of goblet cell, mucosal muscularis aggregate thickness, mucosal ruffle quantity and length, liver and pancreas, and so on. In this study, the relationship among the feeding, environment, evolution and the morphological characteristics of digestive system histology with the four species were discussed. The results show that ratio of intestine gut length to body length is longest in Xenocypris davidi Bleeker and Hypophth- almichthys molitrix. Goblet cells are distributes in buccopharyngeal cavity epithelial cells of Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Monopterus albus, but not in buccopharyngeal cavity epithelial cells of Xenocypris davidi Bleeker. Buccopharyngeal cavity Muscle layer is more thicker in Xenocypris davidi Bleeker than in other three fish, and the gills is the densest in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The ability of conveying food of esophageal and Intestinal digestion absorption ability becoming more and more little from Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker to Monopterus albus. Digestive gland evolution is with the evolution of species direction as from Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker to Monopterus albus.Then concluded that histologic features are adapt to predatory of fish and living environment, we should fully considered histologic features and living environment in feed formula design.

  Haemotological indices of cultured Hucho taimen，Salvelinus leucomaenis and Salvelinus fontinalis 2011, 27 (32):  56-60.  Abstract + ( 1007 )   PDF ( 752629KB )   ( 867 ) Blood physiological-biochemical indices in Hucho taimen, Salvelinus leucomaenis and Salvelinus fontinalis were determined . The whole blood viscosity was determined at seven shear rates of 5.75 /S，9.60 /S，11.50 /S，23.0 /S，46.0 /S，115.0 /S，230.0 /S while plasma was at the shear rate of 230 /S. Regression curve of inverse function was built by the result of the whole blood viscosity at different shear rates. It showed that the whole blood viscosity had a typical power function change and the curvilinear regression equation was that Hucho taimen y = 12.328 x-0.1353，R2=0.9917；Salvelinus leucomaenis y = 7.894 2x-0.104 6，R2 = 0.997 9；y = 7.505 9x-0.106 2，R2 = 0.993 1. The statistical analysis showed the 3 fishes had significant difference in the value of Fb P﹤0.05， but not in that of Tp（P>0.05）. The relationship of the Tp value in different fishes was Salvelinus leucomaenis > Salvelinus fontinalis > Hucho taimen. There was no obvious difference in the index of erythrocyte aggregation （A1、A2）of the 3 species of fish（P>0.05） so as the rigidity coefficient of erythrocyte between Salvelinus leucomaenis and Salvelinus fontinalis. But they all had significant difference from the rigidity coefficient of erythrocyte of Hucho taimen.

  Studies on the phototaxis of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) during different growth stages 2011, 27 (32):  61-65.  Abstract + ( 1298 )   PDF ( 865535KB )   ( 1008 ) The photogradient method was used to study the phototactic behaviors of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ) during five different growth stages:Ⅰ30.0~45.2mm; Ⅱ51.0~63.3mm; Ⅲ70.0~83.0mm; Ⅳ88.0 ~102.0mm; Ⅴ108.0~120.0mm,which was exposed to the white light at six different lights luminance 250lux、500lux、1000lux、2000lux、4000lux、8000lux. The results showed that the phototactic index(Ip) of five different group Nile tilapia increased with the boosted light intensity which the range was 250lux～1000lux,and the Ip reached the maximum when the light intensity was 1000lux.There was no significant difference in Ip between 250lux and 500lux(P>0.05), but the Ip showed significant difference between 250lux and 1000lux(P<0.01).When the intensity was above 1000lux, the Ip decreased with the increase of light intensity. No significant difference was found in Ip between 2000lux and 4000lux(P>0.05).However, there was significant difference in Ip between 2000lux and 8000lux(P<0.01). In the experimental conditions(water temperature was 23～25℃), the Nile tilapia of I group showed the most obviously phototactic response. The Ip decreased with the growth of Nile tilapia, and the Ip were Ⅰ> Ⅱ> Ⅲ> Ⅳ> Ⅴ. The most preferred light intensity region of tilapia is 1000~2000lux, and it can be used to lure Nile tilapia to the concentrated area, for improving the feeding rate of Nile tilapia and playing an active role in light-purse fishing.

  Analysis of Effects of Morphometric Traits on Body Weight of Megalobrama amblycephala 2011, 27 (32):  66-71.  Abstract + ( 1172 )   PDF ( 786260KB )   ( 930 ) Effects of 17 morphometric traits on body weight of Megalobrama amblycephala were analyzed, using correlation analysis and path analysis. The total of 240 individuals were chosen for body length, head length, head depth, head width, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle width, pre-dorsal-length, pre-orbital-length, post-orbital-length, length of dorsal fin, length of anal fin, pre-pelvic-distance, pre-anal-distance, distance between the nostrils and left eye diameter measurements. Results of correlation analysis showed that there were significantly correlations between most of morphometric traits and body weight (P < 0.01). According to the regression coefficient test, 6 morphometric traits were excluded from the optimal multiple linear regression equation, y = -1226.370 + 14.749P1 + 46.953P2 + 29.983P3 + 10.082P4 - 52.755P5 + 27.823P6 + 21.749P7 + 10.444P8 - 29.445P9 + 53.868P10 (P < 0.05). Path analysis results indicated that the body depth and total length could well predict body weight, since their path coefficients were largest, 0.326 and 0.272, respectively. The power of regression equation of body weight on total length was close to 3, indicating the body weight of M. amblycephala grows isometrically with its total length and body depth., Effects of 17 morphometric traits on body weight of Megalobrama amblycephala were analyzed, using correlation analysis and path analysis. The total of 240 individuals were chosen for body length, head length, head depth, head width, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle width, pre-dorsal-length, pre-orbital-length, post-orbital-length, length of dorsal fin, length of anal fin, pre-pelvic-distance, pre-anal-distance, distance between the nostrils and left eye diameter measurements. Results of correlation analysis showed that there were significantly correlations between most of morphometric traits and body weight (P < 0.01). According to the regression coefficient test, 6 morphometric traits were excluded from the optimal multiple linear regression equation, y = -1226.370 + 14.749P1 + 46.953P2 + 29.983P3 + 10.082P4 - 52.755P5 + 27.823P6 + 21.749P7 + 10.444P8 - 29.445P9 + 53.868P10 (P < 0.05). Path analysis results indicated that the body depth and total length could well predict body weight, since their path coefficients were largest, 0.326 and 0.272, respectively. The power of regression equation of body weight on total length was close to 3, indicating the body weight of M. amblycephala grows isometrically with its total length and body depth.

  Study on the Role of Microorganism in the Death of Crayfish Infected with WSSV qin chongtao 2011, 27 (32):  72-77.  Abstract + ( 970 )   PDF ( 1141544KB )   ( 989 ) The aim was to assess the role of microorganism in the process of death of the Procambarus clarkia infected with WSSV (white spot syndrome virus). The P. clarkia was infected with WSSV with antibiotics. The number of bacteria in crayfish hemolymph and bacterial species were compared and identified. The results showed that antibiotics reduced the mortality rate of crayfish infected with WSSV but had no significant effect on the proliferation of WSSV. The number of microorganisms in hemolymph of P. clarkia infected with WSSV had increased significantly. The microorganisms were Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter freundii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter junii. The results showed that the disappearance of the blood cells of P. clarkia infected with WSSV in vivo led to a substantial increase of pathogenic microorganisms, which accelerated the death rate of P. clarkia.

  Study on the biological characters and diversity based on RAPD of white shrimp (Exopalaemon modestus) in Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake 2011, 27 (32):  78-82.  Abstract + ( 1091 )   PDF ( 1055284KB )   ( 814 ) Study on biological characters and diversity based on RAPD of white shrimp (Exopalaemon modestus) in Taihu Lake and Chaohu Llake was carried out in this paper.The result showed that in Taihu Lake dominant body length was 40-50mm(covering 69.3% of total) and dominant body weigh was 0.5-2.0g(covering 83.4% of total),and the correlative equation between body-length(mm) and body-weight(g) could be expressed as W=2.6E-05L2.8777. While in Chaohu Lake dominant body length was 45-55mm(covering 73.8% of total) and dominant body weigh was 1.5-2.5g(covering 69.0% of total),and the correlative equation between body-length(mm) and body-weight(g) was W=2.6E-05L2.8471. The result of RAPD by 15 random primers showed that the proportions of polymorphic loci of populations of Exopalaemon modestus in Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake were 49.16% and 48.78%, respectively. The intra-population genetic similarity coefficients of Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake were 0.8817 and 0.8735 respectively. Inter-population genetic distance between the two populations was 0.0311, which showed there was not obvious genetic differentiation between the two populations from Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake.

  Study on carrying capacity and energy budget of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in higher-altitude ponds 2011, 27 (32):  83-87.  Abstract + ( 1039 )   PDF ( 704569KB )   ( 888 ) The energy conversion efficiency and carrying capacity were studied in three higher-altitude Litopenaeus vannama culture ponds. The results showed that the mean value of phytoplankton quantity were 9.79×107 cell?L-1, ranging from 3.45×107 cell?L-1 to 1.71×108 cell?L-1. The mean value of primary productivity were 5.27 g?m-2?d-1, ranging from 1.28 g?m-2?d-1 to 11.38 g?m-2?d-1. Gross primary production was 11573.30 MJ, feeding energy was 32663.62 MJ, fertilizer energy was 229.71 MJ, fry energy of stocking was 1.43 MJ and harvest energy was 5269.12 MJ, total input energy was 44468.04 MJ. The energy conversion efficiency was 11.85％ in higher-altitude Litopenaeus vannama culture ponds. At the same time, estimation of carrying capacity by the toal nitrogen load was 157×104 larvae?hm-2

  Effects of different edible films on the fresh keeping of grass carp fillet 2011, 27 (32):  88-91.  Abstract + ( 945 )   PDF ( 718357KB )   ( 780 ) Effects of different edible films on the fresh keeping of grass carp fillet were studied in this experiment. Different coating material and addition of onion, ginger and garlic mixed extract (T) were designed as two factors. Coating material used in this experiment are sodium carboxymethylcelluose (CMC), chitosan (Chi) and sodium alginate (NaAlg). Six coating solution were made (CMC, CMCT, Chi, ChiT, NaAlg and NaAlgT). Fish fillet were dipped into the solution described above for 5 minute, and then stored in a refrigerator maintained at 8℃. Sensory evaluation, total bacterial counts, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and pH of the fillet were determined at 0, 3, 6 day of the experiment. Sensory evaluation of CMC and CMCT were significantly lower than those of other groups, and their total bacterial counts, TVB-N and pH were all significantly higher than those of other groups. Sensory evaluation of NaAlg and NaAlgT was similar to Chi and ChiT, but their total bacterial counts, TVB-N and pH were all significantly lower than those of other groups. Addition of onion, ginger and garlic mixed extract could significantly reduce the pH of fillet. Those results indicate NaAlg coating is better than CMC and Chi in the preservation of fish fillet.

  The Developing Status, Problem and Countermeasure Investigation of the Vegetable Oil Industry in China 2011, 27 (32):  92-97.  Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 708287KB )   ( 1097 ) This study gave a new classification of oil plants. Based on the classification the study reviewed the production of oil crops, processing，trade and consumption of oil and oilseeds. Then analyzed the problems existed in the vegetable oil industry. The result showed that the oilseed production was stagnant, but the oil consumption increased sharply due to the fast increasing economy. Both of the reasons led to the fast increasing importing of oilseed and vegetable oil. At the same time our vegetable oil processing industry was controlled by the foreign capital. The risk of the vegetable oil industry has been increasing. At last the study put forward the countermeasures.

  Study on Technology Countermeasures of Creating Modern Huge Grain Industrial Demonstrative Base 2011, 27 (32):  98-103.  Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 736430KB )   ( 1019 ) Construction of large-scale modern food demonstration base is the important measure to promote food industry development and ensure food security. This paper is aiming at providing reference of the national new 500 billion kg of grain production ability construction. Extensive literature survey combined with field investigation and the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis were carried out to analyze the main problems of food production in Sichuan and put forward main technical countermeasures of base construction on science and technology. Rice-wheat cropping system is the dominant forms of food production in sichuan, where there is important meaning of establishing a modern food demonstration base. Its main technical countermeasures were to carry out selection of wheat and rice special varieties, exploration of new service mechanism of scientific and technological achievements transformation, integration and demonstration of high efficient production technology, rice paddies anniversary efficient planting mode and grain scale dry and processing technology integration and so on. At last, the economic benefit, social benefit, ecological benefit and industrialization perspective of supporting demonstration base construction with science and technology were analyzed. Agricultural science and technology would play an important role in modern food demonstration base constructing with outstanding standardization, intensivism, standardization and industrialization.

  Study about the Mechanism and Path of Industrial Integration Development in Beijing Mountainous Valley Areas 2011, 27 (32):  104-109.  Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 664110KB )   ( 841 ) The model of Mountainous Valley Areas Economics (MVAE) was proposed by Beijing, to ditch the domain as a unit，the premise of ecological protection，through the promotion of industrial integration and upgrading of industrial structure in rural areas, to achieve regional economic development. It was the dynamic characteristics of MVAE development to drive Industrial integration development. The competitive and collaborative self-organization theory was to explain the communication mechanism of the domain industry convergence, industry convergence patterns and evolution trends. On the basis of summing up experience, the model of integration and implementation of various industrial paths were proposed in the paper. The survey shows that Beijing MVAE development has been entered into the industrial integrated development stage. The development of leading industries, the relationship between industries and changes in the external environment was the main driving force. Therefore, achieving integration channel is to strengthen the three industries correlation and depth digging function of agriculture, to promote the industrial structure towards the depth of the "two-dimensional" direction. There are two paths of service-oriented integration and ecological integration to be taken.

  Analysis of Key Influencing Factors for Sustainable Development of Green Agriculture in Heilongjiang Province 2011, 27 (32):  110-113.  Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 997450KB )   ( 890 ) In order to identify and analyze the key ones from a number of impacted factors which influenced sustainable development of green agriculture in Heilongjiang Province, a method of DEMATEL was applied to set up direct effect matrix in order to seek integrated effect matrix according to 20 influencing factors of sustainable development of green agriculture in Heilongjiang Province. The key factors of them were determined from analyzing and seeing about degree of influence, degree of being-influenced and degree of center for every factor. The results showed that the 5 key factors included the farmer income, price of green food, expenditure of consumption, supporting policy and idea of food safety. Suggestions were put forward in order to accelerate sustainable development of green agriculture in Heilongjiang Province finally through analysis of the 5 key impacted factors by the numbers.

  Study on Influence Factors of Cotton Industry in Xinjiang 2011, 27 (32):  114-117.  Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 581686KB )   ( 1071 ) In order to promote development of cotton industry in Xinjiang, including large amount of imported cotton, rising cost in production, natural disasters, hazards from illness and insects and weak foundation in low lines, have posed big challenges for its progress. Based on analysis, this article gives suggestions on achieving a healthy development of the cotton industry in Xinjiang, such as tightening cotton import, strengthening macro control of the market, supporting production sectors, accelerating construction of infrastructure and establishing a modern industry system.

  Spatial and Temporal Analysis on the Use Efficiency of Construction Land in Chongqing Based on DEA 2011, 27 (32):  118-123.  Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 901066KB )   ( 947 ) Improving the use efficiency of construction land is an inevitable way to achieve sustainable use of land resources. On a basis of a brief analysis of construction land utilization characteristics in Chongqing, C2R model of DEA was employed in this paper to measure the technical efficiency of construction land use in ecnomic growth of each of its 40 counties during 2000-2008. Results showed that the spacial differences of construction land use efficiency in economic growth were consistant with that of regional economy development and Chongqing’s urban system expansion; the period of 2000-2004 saw a slight increase of overall efficiency, but it experinced a decrease during 2004 to 2008, which kept consistency with the evolution of Chongqing’s industrial structure and construction land’s supply and demand structure, it was also found that slacks of labour and construction inputs exsited in most counties, indicating a dissatisfactory input element configuration. Proposals of rasing construction land use efficiency was given out according to the particular situation of Chongqing.

  Countermeasures Study and Assessment on Coordinated Development of Economy and Environment in Lanzhou 2011, 27 (32):  124-128.  Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 911015KB )   ( 846 ) To enhance the level of economic development in Lanzhou, improve its environmental quality, and promote its economic and environmental development, AHP was used to build indicator system from the aspect of integrated economic benefits and environmental benefits, research model was set up. The coordination degree of economic and environmental development was analyzed from 2000 to 2009 in Lanzhou, by using the relevant calculating models of the coordinated development. The results showed that the coordinate degree of Lanzhou's environment and economic development belonged to the type of coordinated development and its developmental level rose steadily year by year. 2000-2001 was the primary type of coordinated development; 2002-2005 was the intermediate type of coordinated development; 2006-2007 was the well-coordinated developmental type; 2008-2009 was the high-quality type of coordinated development of. In addition, the level of economic development in 2009 was higher than that of environmental development, and the remaining years the level of economic development lag behind the level of environmental development. The coordination of the economy and environment in Lanzhou was more reasonable, but there were many problems still remaining, so the overall strength of Lanzhou must be promoted from the perspective of sustainable development.

  Organic Agriculture Development in USA and Canada and the Significance of International Equivalency Recognition 2011, 27 (32):  129-132.  Abstract + ( 839 )   PDF ( 844307KB )   ( 909 ) The organic agriculture has been booming since about 30 years ago in the world. USA and Canada have both acted as one of the countries developed organic agriculture earliest. This paper introduces the brief situation of production development, policy and laws/regulations, supervision system and research in organic agriculture in USA and Canada. The USA-Canada Organic Equivalency Agreement is introduced and analyzed on the meaningfulness to the international equivalency recognition. This paper indicates the international multiple equivalency recognition will benefit the decrease of technical barrier in commerce, which is significant important to the healthy and orderly development of global organic agriculture.

  Study on the Readjustments of Land Property Rights in Pothook of City Construction Land Increase and Rural Residential Land Decrease 2011, 27 (32):  133-137.  Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 656560KB )   ( 936 ) Pothook of city construction land increase and rural residential land decrease provided a new method to relieve the demand of city construction land in the progress of urbanization. As the project is carried out in most regions, the attendant problems of land property rights have become increasingly severe. Based on the contents of readjustments of land property rights involving in pothook policy, this paper follows the principle of readjustments of land property rights, proposes the implementation plan and summarizes the procedures. Finally, special attention and correlative suggestions are put forward to promote the pothook policy implemented more orderly, coordinately and efficiently.

  Analysis of the Rural Land Property Rights Reform of Our Country 2011, 27 (32):  138-142.  Abstract + ( 921 )   PDF ( 589695KB )   ( 922 ) People have been arguing on the rural land property rights reform of our country intensively for many years. Thoughts of privatization, collectivization, nationalization, et cetera, are supported respectively and seemly no consensus exists. In order to understand the argument deeply and clarify the essence of the reform, the article elaborated the general meaning of the two concepts--right of ownership and right of use, and then analyzed the history of the reform. Accordingly, it is concluded that the rural land property rights reform of our country is essentially a process of transferring the content of ownership to the right of use. The reform by this way has actualized the substantial privatization to a certain extent on the premise of keeping the nominal ownership untouched. As a result, although there are apparent divergences, consensus of privatization exists in the present disputation on the rural land reform, scholars are only disagree on the belonging of the nominal ownership, which is not a significant problem. The real difficulty of the rural land reform lies in the strict implementation of policies issued by the central government. This understanding will free people from arguing about superficial problem, and forward theoretical discussion to focus on more meaningful and practical subjects.

  Analysis on the Operational Status and Countermeasures of the Non-governmental Organizations in the Rural Residential Land Remediation——An Example of Rural Council in Shicheng County 2011, 27 (32):  143-146.  Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 601376KB )   ( 737 ) Local rural residential land remediation work mainly rely on the development of new rural construction and the core of the new rural construction. Rural non-governmental organizations of rural councils play an increasingly important role in rural public affairs, such as the management of the rural land for construction. An example of Shicheng County council, through the status quo of 3 villages of the council, the author summarized the operating situation and practical difficulties of the current non-governmental organizations in rural residential land remediation. Countermeasures to guide the non-governmental organizations in rural residential land remediation which played an active role were put forward.

  Study on Prediction of Population Aging Process of Liaoning Province during the ‘12th Five-Year Plan’ Period 2011, 27 (32):  147-151.  Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 1458894KB )   ( 917 ) In order to cope with the challenges of population aging better, The article made a prediction about the population, proportion and dependency ratio of the elderly people in Liaoning province during the period of ‘12th five-year plan’, by employing the GM (1,1) model to analyze the relevant data of Liaoning population aged 65 and over from 2000 to 2004. The results showed that the population aging of Liaoning province had characteristics of large size, high growing speed, high severity, ahead of aging and inadequate preparation, etc. According to the above analysis, corresponding strategies to deal with the population aging are also put forward in this study.

  The Internal Performance Evaluation of Agricultural Enterprise in Heilongjiang Province Suo Zhilin 2011, 27 (32):  152-156.  Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 1023991KB )   ( 961 ) With the advancement of agriculture industrialization and rapid development of agricultural enterprises, the author evaluated the internal performance of agricultural enterprises in order to achieve the scientific management of agricultural enterprises. Interval DEA method network is to divide agricultural enterprises into a number of non-agricultural enterprises which are fully independent subsystems, each including input, output and intermediate variables. On the basis of plenty of theoretical study, the author combined network DEA method with interval DEA method to establish agricultural enterprise performance evaluation model and use the DPS data processing software to solve it, also studied the internal performance of agricultural enterprises in Heilongjiang Province, and then identified factors of the internal performance of agricultural enterprises within in-depth analysis. Finally, the author proposed methods and strategies for the internal performance improvement of agricultural enterprises. All sectors of agricultural enterprises had effective management, so people should reduce unnecessary resources investment of all sectors to enhance the level of internal performance.

  The Research of the Breeder, Rights and Interests Protection System of the New Plant Variety -to Improve the New Plant Variety Protection System 2011, 27 (32):  157-161.  Abstract + ( 878 )   PDF ( 609735KB )   ( 742 ) Strengthening the breeder’ rights and interests protection to inspire breeder scientific innovation enthusiasm, make social atmosphere of breeding independent innovation, and enhance the ability of independent innovation of China's new pant variety has important significance. In order to improve the new plant species protection system, combined with the international trend, we should establish breeder concept, reconstruct the ownership system of application right and variety right, and protect right of signature and right of payment.

  Effects of Earthworm Activities on the Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Community in the Eco-filter 2011, 27 (32):  162-167.  Abstract + ( 1033 )   PDF ( 855374KB )   ( 862 ) Eco-filter system is a kind of new technology to meet the special request of the wastewater treatment in urban areas, which influence the factors on the sewage treatment, improve the treat efficiency. An experiment with utilizing biolog microplate technique was conducted to investigate the effects of earthworm activities on the metabolic properties and functional diversity of the soil substance microbial in the eco-filter (+E) and control eco-filter (-E). The results showed that the average metabolic activities of the soil substance microbial community carbon source was higher in the upper layer than the lower part, the soil microbial community at all depths was significantly different by the carbon sources utilization. Compared with the control treatment, there were higher microbial ability of carbon source utilization and the richness, evenness and superiority of microbial communities were enhanced with earthworm activities. The average metabolic activities of the soil substance microbial community carbon source were also improved with the presence of earthworms, and the diverseness were diminished with presence of earthworms. The functional diversity of the soil substance microbial in the eco-filter was changed by burrowing, feeding, excretion of earthworms’ physiological behaviors.

  The Dynamic Changes of Ecological Footprint and Ecological Carrying Capacity in Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia in the Arid Agricultural and Pastoral Areas 2011, 27 (32):  168-174.  Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 749574KB )   ( 725 ) In order to explore and master the relationship between the population growth in the arid pastoral areas and changes in land resources, and determine the structure of optimal allocation of land, and to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development and ecological balance in arid areas, the author made use of ecological footprint model, basing on the statistics of Dengkou and Bayannur, and calculated and analyzed the ecological conditions of Dengkou County in 1986 and 2007. The results showed that the ecological deficit of Dengkou County was 1.3607×104 and 30.3876×104 hm2 in 1986 and 2007. Ecological deficit of the Dengkou County in 2007 was 21.33 times to that in 1986. During 1986 to 2007, the average ecological carrying capacity increased by 0.5966 hm2/cap, the average ecological footprint increased by 2.8828 hm2/cap, which meant that the growth rate of the average ecological capacity was significantly lower than the average ecological footprint, the ecosystem development was unsustainable. The main reasons for the ecological deficit were: (1) grassland overloaded seriously; (2) people blindly reclaimed agricultural land resources; (3) the population was increasing fast; (4) the improvement of the quality of life and increasing demand for biological resources and energy consumption.

  Progresses in Research on Vulnerability of Karst Ecological System in Southwest China 2011, 27 (32):  175-180.  Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 654335KB )   ( 1019 ) Ecological vulnerability has been highlighted in the studies of global change and sustainable development in recent years. The vulnerability of karst ecological system in southwest china is different from those of other places because of its specialty and the research on vulnerability of karst ecological system has developed more widely and deeply. This article collected, consulted and analyzed related literature data about karst ecological vulnerability of SW China, which have been reported in resent years. It brought a systematic summarization on the basis of research index, methodology and content, the results show: in present, the evaluation on vulnerability of karst ecological system is based on analysis of features and influencial factors as well as building index systems of it which is emphasized. Step analysis is the most popular method. Contents of study have mainly on water, soil, vegetation and the interconnections with other environmental factors. In resent years, a introduction of RS and GIS has made a great progress in research. Nevertheless, there have been some problems about evaluation of vulnerability of karst ecological system to be solved, especially to strengthen research on vulnerability of extreme natural calamities which are related to man-earth relationship in southwest of China. Further more, to introduce proper ecological models to make an evaluation and simulation on regional ecological vulnerability and to provide evidence for ecological conservation, restoration and reconstruction.

  The Study of Soil Ecosystem Degradation in SouthWestern Karst Region 2011, 27 (32):  181-185.  Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 631234KB )   ( 973 ) Deeply influenced by karst geological environment, the structure of the soil ecological system in the southwest karst area of China is characterized by vertical-space differentiation strongly, irrefragable and its function is characterized by poorly nutrient elements cycling, flawed vegetation growing. On the basis of analysis of the soil ecosystem system’s structure and function vulnerability, the degradation processes and mechanisms of the soil ecological system in the southwest karst area had been analyzed and were discussed from structure, nutrient, moisture and microbial points of view in this paper from the angle of the material-energy cycle.

  Research on the Assessment of the Forest Ecosystem Services Evaluation in Yuzhou City 2011, 27 (32):  186-191.  Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 713383KB )   ( 865 ) Basing on the update land data of the second land survey and the information of soil and hydrology, by means of the GIS technique and direct market, replacing project, carbon tax, travel costs, this article estimated the forest ecosystem service function value of YuZhou City in 2010. The result indicated that the forest ecosystem service function total value of YuZhou City was 3.06927×108 yuan. The calculation of forest ecosystem service function value might provide fundamental reference for dynamic monitoring of county area, which expected to maintain the ecosystem of forest and land.

  Energy Value Analysis and Value Estimation of Daqing Marsh Ecological System ZHANG Si-Chong 2011, 27 (32):  192-195.  Abstract + ( 912 )   PDF ( 634785KB )   ( 909 ) In order to better evaluate the status of utilization of solar energy and sustainable agricultural development of the wetland ecosystem in Daqing. By employing the energy value analysis theory of ecological system, the author quantificationally analyzed and estimated the ecological benefit of Daqing marsh ecological system and the material flow and energy flow inside the system. The results showed that the value of Daqing City proper marsh was extremely great. From the table of energy value analysis, the author could come to the conclusion that the total natural resources value of Daqing marsh ecological system was 3.13×1010 ￥. Rainwater had an absolute advantage among all the renewable resource components, and the proportion was about 74%. The macroeconomy value of the marsh water body and the sediment deposition was 1.61×1010 ￥. By comparing with other items in the energy value analysis table, the energy value of the marsh primary productivity and the animal resources was less than the energy value of invested renewable resources. It showed that most of the system energy was used for the ecological service function of the marsh ecological system, not for the material output.

  The Value Estimation of the Air Condition Function of Proper Marsh in the Daqing City ZHANG Si-Chong 2011, 27 (32):  196-199.  Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 825963KB )   ( 995 ) In order to improve the urban ecological environment of Daqing marsh nature reserve as soon as possible, and improve the total ecological and environmental quality constantly, the author mainly began with the air-conditioned function of Daqing marsh, according to the principles of environmental economics and ecological economics, to estimate the air conditioning function provided by the marsh scientifically by adopting carbon tax. The results showed that, the value of CO2 fixed by the main vegetation of Daqing marsh was RMB 495 million, and the value of O2 released was RMB 435 million. Except the value RMB 10 million of the greenhouse gases emission loss, the value of the atmosphere regulatory function of this area ecological system was RMB 920 million, and the gas regulatory value was RMB 6862 per hm2. This study indicated that, CO2 in the atmosphere was fixed by the Daqing marsh ecological system when O2 in the atmosphere was increased. It played an irreplaceable role to maintain the dynamic balance of CO2 and O2 in the area atmosphere, slow down the greenhouse effect, and provide the basic conditions for human existence.

  The Research Progress of Soil Fauna in the Wetland Ecosystem 2011, 27 (32):  200-204.  Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 640209KB )   ( 1375 ) The soil fauna in the wetland ecosystem is a very important part of the material circulation and energy flow of the normal operation of the key links. Soil fauna in the wetland ecosystem has been caught more and more attention. The author summarized the classification and collection of soil animals and soil animal biomass determination. The soil fauna in the wetland ecosystem research mainly focused on ecological characteristics and ecological function. Ecological characteristics research of soil fauna included the number of soil animals, composition and diversity and the main influencing factors etc, ecological functions research of soil fauna included eco-indicator function, ecological regulation function and litter decomposition function. Finally, future research on soil fauna in the wetland ecosystem was put forward.

  Analysis of Community Willingness for Changsha Wetland Resources Conservation and Wetland Tourism Development 2011, 27 (32):  205-210.  Abstract + ( 782 )   PDF ( 644118KB )   ( 715 ) Changsha wetland resource is an important part of urban community residents to protect urban ecological security. And understanding the cognitive and the use of wetland is mode basis to explore the balance between community interests and development of wetland protection. It is the theoretical basis for wetland protection and utilization of policy formulation and implementation by thesis from the residents point of wetland resources and tourism. The results showed that 39.87% of residents believed that was the important environmental functions of wetlands, 58.78% people thought it was general. 42.38% people thought that the wetland vegetation were damaged but not seriously; 67.81% people believed that urban expansion on wetlands had a more significant effect; 79.98% the respondents considered wetlands without protection; 95.68% people believed that wetland development on impact on local economic development. 89.46% the residents were willing to participate in the development of local tourism to that wetlands help to promote local economic and tourism development. However, it remained concerns for the project encountered in the implementation of the development model, technical measures and other issues. In short, it is necessary that could be compatible policy guidance and scientific planning and community participation, because they were a paradox between wetland tourism development and wetland resources to protect.

  Changes in Agricultural Material Inputs before and after Ecological Restoration in Yanchi County, Ningxia 2011, 27 (32):  211-215.  Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 1132063KB )   ( 643 ) In order to get a better understanding of ecological and environmental situations of Yanchi County, Ningxia before and after its ecological restoration, it is necessary to analyze the changes in agricultural material inputs during the same period. GIS software was used to calculate the distribution centers of cropland and agricultural materials inputs during 2000-2008. It was found that: with declining of cropland area in waves, inputs of fertilizer and plastic sheeting increased in volatility, but input of pesticide showed a fluctuating downward trend; however, cropland area and agricultural inputs fluctuated in an opposite direction; cropland distribution center moved roughly in the opposite direction that distribution centers of agricultural materials inputs changed. A largest amount of cropland was returned to forest or grassland in 2003, resulting in that the ecological problems cased by low quality cropland had been alleviated, while non-point source pollution intensified because of increasing agricultural material inputs in cropland. After 2003, southeast-northwest transition zone not only had an increasing cropland, but also had higher agricultural material inputs. Thus, the study area still faced the ecological degradation caused by cropland expansion and the non-point source pollution caused by relatively higher agricultural inputs.

  The Intensive Utilization Evaluation of Arable Land in Yanchi County, Ningxia Based on Entropy Value Method 2011, 27 (32):  216-220.  Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 802374KB )   ( 737 ) Aimed to estimate the intensive use level of cultivated land resource in Yanchi County, and to provide the scientific basis for agricultural production policy in the county. By the entropy method, the comprehensive land use was evaluated and the indexes weight was calculated. And the data of Yanchi County in the period of 1990-2005 as objects for empirical research were evaluated. The results showed that, the most influential indices which affected the intensive use of cultivated land in Yanchi were irrigation index, grain yield per labor, grain yield per unit area, and food security index. Cultivated land use with the lowest benefit and gave the most affection on land intensive use. The cultivated land intensive use in Yanchi County was still at low level, there still had enough room for cultivated land sustainable status, and cultivated land use efficiency growth. Multiple crop index and cultivated land per capita were the main obstacle factors for the intensive use of cultivated land. There had strong correlation among the input intensity of cultivated land, utilizing intensity and the use efficiency of cultivated land. The land use degree which determined by the objective factors impacted the input intensity of cultivated land, furthermore, that affected land use efficiency, and finally formed a continual use status of cultivated land.

  The Analysis on Influence Factors of Land Use Structure Change Based on Information Entropy——A Case Study of Fengdu County, Chongqing City 2011, 27 (32):  221-225.  Abstract + ( 850 )   PDF ( 774586KB )   ( 667 ) Research on county land utilization, analyzing the status and the existing main problems of county land utilization in a quantitative way, will be helpful to make land use more reasonable and sustainable. Taking Fengdu County of Chongqing as an example and using the entropy model and grey correlation analysis, the author analyzed land use structure and studied the relations of land use structure entropy with socio-economic development in the county. The results showed that, disorder of land use structure of Fengdu County presented S curve growth situation in the past 12 years. Land use system tended to disorder, and the types of land utilization tended to be equilibrium. It was concluded that population pressure and adjustment of industrial structure had a profound influence on the land use system of the region. Social fixed assets investment and government behavior would become the new force, and the development of the tourism industry would be a potential force for inducing the entropy changes of and use structure.

  Investigation and Evaluation on Cultivated Land Fertility in Dunhua City 2011, 27 (32):  226-231.  Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 583658KB )   ( 730 ) In order to investigate the quality status of farmland of Dunhua City, we selected soil samples in Dunhua city from 2006 to 2009 and measured physical and chemical properties. The results show that there are 9.81 million hm2 cultivated land in Dunhua City now, divided into eight grades. High-yield field (the first grade field and the second grade field) accounted for 25.68%, medium-yield field (the third field, the fourth and the fifth field) accounted for 68.72%, and low-yield field (the sixth field, the seventh field and the eighth field) accounted for 6.1%. Comparing with those the soil from the second soil survey, the proportion of high-yield field and medium-low yield field increased, and low-yield field decreased.

  The Research and Analysis on the Degree of Sustainable Development Calculation Theory 2011, 27 (32):  232-235.  Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 854030KB )   ( 842 ) As one of the most important factor, the calculation of degree of sustainable development is the bridge to lead and achieve sustainable development. The paper deeply discussed the degree of sustainable development calculation theory, and analyzed different methods in a specific way; moreover, the paper summarized three mathematic models to calculate the degree of sustainable development. The result showed that the selection of evaluation factors and the methods to fix the weight of evaluation affect the calculation result, so appropriate methods must be selected to different places, in order that the calculation of degree of sustainable development could be provided with accuracy and guidance in practical applications.

  Evaluation and Management Countermeasures of Nutrient Resources in Cinnamon Soil in Eastern Hebei Province 2011, 27 (32):  236-241.  Abstract + ( 975 )   PDF ( 684992KB )   ( 740 ) In order to reveal nutrient fertility characteristics in cinnamon soil in eastern Hebei Province and guide scientific management of soil nutrient resources and rational fertilization, field typical samples investigation combination with indoor analysis research methods, principal components analysis and cluster analysis were applied in this paper to study the comprehensive evaluation index and management countermeasures of nutrient resource in cinnamon soil. The results showed that: cinnamon soil nutrient resources could use nitrogen nutrient supply strength and biological activities, soil potassium potential, soil organic matter accumulation strength as the main body of the comprehensive index to evaluate. The characteristics of the nutrient resources totally showed that, organic carbon, total nitrogen content was low, long-term potassium supply potential declined, while total phosphorus and effective phosphorus content was high. Fertilization and fertility management should first pay attention to organic fertilizer (material) to keep and improve soil organic carbon and total nitrogen level, next to enhance soil potassium potential. Chemical fertilizer application was suitable for N, K, P in order. Dynamic clustering analysis showed that, nutrients fertility levels of cinnamon soil could be divided into 5 kinds, in the production practice should be based on the characteristics of all kinds of fertility, formulated target-oriented soil nutrient fertility management plan, in order to use nutrient resources efficiently.

  Study on Analysis of Water Resources Balance Based on Multi-objective Reclamation in Coal Mine Area 2011, 27 (32):  242-247.  Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 1195391KB )   ( 702 ) Multi-objective land reclamation model of coal mine is an effective way to improve the overall efficiency. Besides irrigation water for farmland reclamation, the multi-objective water resources supply and demand balance is needed to be addressed. The author used dynamic programming (DP), water supply and demand balance of multi-objective land reclamation had been studied in mining area. The author took water supply and demand balance of multi-objective land reclamation of Xuzhou Jiuli mine example, through the objective function was established, law in reverse order from the end of stage, on the order to solve of the problem of various single-stage optimization, the best decision of water demand and supply was obtained. Water supply and demand balance of multi-objective land reclamation and the maximizing effectiveness can be solved by this method, the multi-objective reclamation of coal mine area was effectively promoted.

  Rural Resources, Environmental Problems and Their Countermeasures in Balancing Urban-rural Development 2011, 27 (32):  248-251.  Abstract + ( 935 )   PDF ( 586621KB )   ( 562 ) The period of ‘twelfth five-year’ is the key time of overall construction of comparatively well-off society and the critical period of deepening reform and further changing the pattern of economic growth. Balancing urban-rural development is the guiding principle and the core of policy system as an important way of changing the pattern of economic growth. Starting with the connotation of balancing urban-rural development, the author analyzed the situation, problems and the sources which the rural resources must face. Finally, the author put forward some related countermeasures in response to reform the traditional enterprises, execute a rural clean-up project, adjust agriculture industrial structure, advance clean production methods in agriculture and scientifically raise peasants and cultural quality.

  Variation in Salt Content of Heavily-textured Coastal Saline Soils Leached by Brackish Water 2011, 27 (32):  252-256.  Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 586623KB )   ( 784 ) In order to save fresh water resource, it is necessary to explore and utilize reasonably brackish water replacing fresh water to improve saline soils, the author investigated the desalination effect of heavily-textured coastal saline soils leached by brackish water in field plot experiment. The results showed that, in the well drained soils, using the brackish water with salinity of 3.5 g/L could lead to a fast and mark desalination effect. Taking saving water and desalination effect into account, the author suggested that an optimal leaching method was to sequentially leaching soil for three times with 1200 m3/hm2 brackish water. This method could decrease total salt content of soil (0-60 cm) to 3 g/kg and even below, make the desalination ratio to 60%, so that soil salt content met the requirement of common landscape plants.

  Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Rhizosphere Soil 2011, 27 (32):  257-265.  Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 772292KB )   ( 1373 ) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to a variety of anthropogenic activities are one class of toxic environmental pollutants that have accumulated in the soil environment and induced risk to human health and agriculture production. In the bioremediation of soil contaminated by PAHs, rhizosphere process plays an important role. In the paper, the status of PAHs in soil and the toxicity induced by the accumulation of PAHs is reviewed. The effects of soil environment on the rhizosphere biodegradation and the mechanism of PAHs degradation are introduced in details and the bioremediation can be enhanced by increased the bioavailability of PAHs in soil. Finally, it is forecasted the trends of PAHs biodegradation in rhizosphere soil.

  Purification Effects of Various Combined Hydrophytes on the Waste Water from Livestock and Poultry Products 2011, 27 (32):  266-269.  Abstract + ( 1434 )   PDF ( 590900KB )   ( 851 ) Acorus calamus has good purification effect on the waste water, scirpus validus, rumex acetosa and iris tectorum had purification effect also. The best combination with Acorus calamus will be found with good purification effect on the waste water from livestock and poultry products, that will be popularized and applied in production. Both Acorus calamus and the other three plants, including Scirpus validus, Rumex acetosa, Iris tectorum, respectively were chosen as experimental group, blank test with sand and without plant was chosen as matched group. The 9 index before and after test were determined. The results showed that all of plants of the selected 3 combination grew well in the waste water and had good removal efficiency of 3 types of nitrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus, and COD. The best of purification ability of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen was the combination of Iris-calamus, the degradation rate of 90.35%, 51.91%. Iris-Rumex had the best purification ability of, nitrate nitrogen from the livestock and poultry products effluent with the degradation rate of 14.24%. Among combinations of 3 kinds of plants, Acorus calamus and Scirpus validus had the highest removal efficiency on total phosphorus purification compared with the control group, the average TP removal rate was increased by 4% as well. Acorusand Irisacid modules, Acorus and Rumex had the highest removal efficiency on COD purification compared with the control group, and the average COD removal rate were increased by 0.36% and 0.29%, respectively.

  Environmental Indication Function of Aquatic Algae 2011, 27 (32):  270-274.  Abstract + ( 1277 )   PDF ( 4272202KB )   ( 834 ) To monitor contaminations including nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metal, pesticide and other organic dangerous substance in water-environment, the author researched on the sensitivity and tolerance of aquatic algae to pollutants in water, the pollutants’ influence on the structures of algal communities and their toxicity and accumulation to the algae were proceeding and plenty of results were published. Overall, aquatic algae do have a great indicating effect on some pollutions in water, therefore this method was supposed to investigate and analyze the contaminative status of water areas swiftly and directly.

  Survey on NO3-N Pollution of Underground Water in Luancheng County 2011, 27 (32):  275-280.  Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 790684KB )   ( 816 ) In order to research the NO3-N pollution of underground water in Luancheng County and its distribution, the author used spectrophotometric method to analyze underground water samples from 17 wells within Luancheng County. The results showed that the underground water had been polluted by NO3-N universally. The NO3-N pollution in Basin of Xiao River was obviously higher than that in Basin of Ye River, the average NO3-N content in Basin of Xiao River was 11.58 mg/L, the highest was 63.8 mg/L, which was not suitable for the minimum standard of drinking water; quality conditions of underground water was good in Basin of Xiao River, the average NO3-N content was 4.7 mg/L. In Basin of Xiao River, the closer samples distance to Xiao River, the higher NO3-N content; in the same distance, the NO3-N content was obvious high, which was located in the soil and rock layer loose, the mineral existing. Due to the sewage discharge and the sewage irrigation, in the Basin of Xiao River in Luancheng County, the NO3-N pollution of underground water was very serious.

  Rainfall Simulation Experimental Study on Infiltrability of Soil under Sand and Gravel Mulch 2011, 27 (32):  281-286.  Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 1393975KB )   ( 866 ) Sandy field farming is a comprehensive effective technology of drought-resistant, which has been utilized in arid or semi-arid regions to vary degrees. The author presented the results of the laboratory simulating experiment conducted to investigate the process of rainfall infiltration of soil under sand and gravel mulch. The results showed that the accumulated runoff of soil under sand and gravel mulch was always higher than the one without mulch during the simulated rainfall process. It indicated that the sand and gravel mulch was propitious to reduce the covered soil surface rainfall runoff. The values of soil moisture in the soil layers with mulch at different depths were higher than those without mulch. This showed that the sand and gravel mulch could increase infiltration amounts. After a certain period of time of rainfall, the values of soil moisture with mulch at different depths would stabilize, and the values were close to each other. The soil covered with mulch would be faster than the bare soil into the steady infiltration stage.

  The Study of Risk Zoning of Rainstorm and Flood Disaster Based on GIS in Chongqing 2011, 27 (32):  287-293.  Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 3177929KB )   ( 896 ) In order to quantitatively research the rainstorm and flood disaster risk and zoning in Chongqing, according to 1961-2008 meteorological data in Chongqing, integrating with natural, socio-economic and disaster prevention and reduction factors in each district, based on geography information system, methodology of flood disaster risk index and constructed model of rain and flood disaster risk assessment, the flood disaster risk indexes were calculated and risk zoning maps were worked out for every county of Chongqing by analyzing hazard, sensitivity, vulnerability and emergency response and recovery capability of the counties. The results indicated that the possibility of rainstorm and flood risk was the biggest in Kaixian, Liangping, Hechuang, Beibei, Rongchang, Yongchuan, Yubei and partial area of Tongliang, because the indexes of the expositions and the hazard of these areas were relatively higher. Whereas Nanchuang, Fengdu and partial areas of Shizhu, Qianjiang, Fuling, Qijiang had the least flood risk due to lesser disaster environmentally sensitive indexes and torrential rain frequency.

  Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Sunshine Hours in Zhejiang Province 2011, 27 (32):  294-298.  Abstract + ( 1090 )   PDF ( 1226486KB )   ( 941 ) In order to understand the temporal and spatial distribution of sunshine and better services for agricultural production, based on 65 stations’ monthly sunshine data from 1971 to 2009 in Zhejiang Province, the Morlet wavelet analysis, power spectrum test and Mann-Kendall test were first used to analyze time-frequency characteristics, periodicity and abrupt change of the sunshine hours; and then contours and EOF were used to analyze the temporal change and spatial distribution of the sunshine hours for Zhejiang Province over the past 39 years. The results showed that: nearly 39 years, the sunshine periodic components had different scales, the strong periodic oscillations concentrated in 6 to 9 years, in which 8.7 years cycle of the power spectrum passed 95% confidence test. Mann-Kendall test showed sunshine hours displayed a consistent decreasing trend, and there was a mutation in the end of 1970s. The spatial distribution of sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend from northeast to southwest, the sunshine anomaly displayed a decreasing trend for the whole province by EOF analysis.

  Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Its Responses 2011, 27 (32):  299-303.  Abstract + ( 941 )   PDF ( 636680KB )   ( 996 ) Agriculture, one of the most sensitive and vulnerable sectors to climate change, is directly threatened by climate change and climate variables. With spatial-temporal and oscillatory property of climate change and climate variables more often in future, the comprehensive impacts on agriculture production system must be fully and multi-hierarchy response according to the local’s characteristics. The more impacts from climate change, the more measures must be taken to mitigate or adapt the extent by climate change immediately to understand the response mechanisms. Therefore, integrated with multi-disciplinary theories and methods, from the perspective of systematic structure and integration, exploring impact mechanisms and response measures on agriculture production system under climate change, then can make more scientific and reasonable response to agriculture production for sustainable development in agriculture and food security along with climate change.

  Effect of Urban Heat Island Effect on Air Temperature in Qingyang City, Gansu 2011, 27 (32):  304-309.  Abstract + ( 1016 )   PDF ( 744370KB )   ( 742 ) To identify the impact of human on trends of temperature variation and achieve the objective results of global warming, the temperature data in Xifeng from 1952 to 2009, in Huanxian and Pingliang from 1968 to 2009 had been used. We identified 1997 as start point of obvious urbanization in Xifeng and analyzed the climate tendency coefficient and trend rate of linear regression equation. The results showed that the rising trends of annual mean temperature and annual mean minimum temperature warming in Xifeng were more obvious than in Pingliang and Huanxian. There was no consistency of average maximum temperature in Xifeng and Pingliang, Huanxian from the northern to southern, linear trend rate of average temperature of Xifeng was 0.051℃/10 a above than Pingliang’s and 0.111℃/10 a above than Huanxian. The linear trend rate of average minimum temperature of Xifeng was 0.279℃/10 a above than Pingliang’s and 0.478℃/10 a above than Huanxian’s. As for the linear trend rate of maximum temperature, the impact of urbanization was more obvious in Xifeng than Huanxian, and there was no significant difference between Xifeng and Pingliang.Key words: observation environment; urbanization; temperature; Homogeneity; affect

  Variation Characteristics of the Extreme Cold and Hot Events of Shanxi Province in Recent 50 Years 2011, 27 (32):  310-314.  Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 809918KB )   ( 824 ) The thesis comprehensively discussed the variation tendency and influence degree of the extreme climate disasters in Shanxi Province, in order to research on the background of the frequent occurrence of the extreme climate disasters as well as their influence on natural ecosystem and social system. The extreme temperature data of 31 meteorological observations stations and the relative extreme climate disasters in Shanxi Province were applied to analyze the temperature variation tendencies by using tendency analysis, 5 points overlaping average and distance average analysis. The results showed that: based on the global warming, the tendencies of the extreme high temperature were increasing and the low temperature was decreasing. The extreme high temperature higher than 30℃ and 35℃ were increasing, but the extreme low temperature lower than 0℃ and -10℃ were decreasing especially the tendencies of the 0. Through comprehensive analysis of local climate changes of Shanxi Province, the author concluded that the rising of the extreme temperature was mainly due to the significantly increasing tendency effect of the temperature higher than 30℃.

  The Evaluation on Water Environment Quality of Wetlands in Daqing Oil Development Zones Based on Grey Clustering Method 2011, 27 (32):  315-319.  Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 772777KB )   ( 724 ) Discussing the scientific natural about using grey clustering method to evaluate water quality to provide the methodology reference for evaluation on water environment quality of wetlands in Daqing oil development zones,as well as for relevant foundation of environmental protection in midstream and downstream of the Songhuajiang River.The research explained the basic principle of grey clustering method and single factor pollution index method.The monitoring datum of water quality compared by some related math method. The results showed that Wanbao pool northwestern inlet and outlet side reached the quality assessment standard of the second-class, and the water quality of Anzhao river of Daqing Longfeng wetland reached the quality assessment standard of the third-class, and the water quality was better.The water quality of the other monitoring points was the fifth-class,and water pollution was quite serious.The research indicated that the grey clustering method about research datum was superior to that of single factor pollution index method.People should not ignore the environment protection of wetlands in Daqing oil development zones.

  The Application of Several Gray Models in Output Prediction of Rural Waste 2011, 27 (32):  320-324.  Abstract + ( 1008 )   PDF ( 1351877KB )   ( 961 ) In order to accurately grasp the future development trend of the rural waste amount and help the rural environmental pollution control, combining with the survey data from some demonstration villages, the author established a most suitable model for forecasting the amount of rural waste through comparable analysis of 4 grey models. The results showed that the grey model of extraction of the square root was more appropriate for mid-and-long term forecasting of the living waste in villages than the other methods, and then forecasted the per capita production of the living waste in the next 5 years. At last, the author proposed some suggestions for disposing the living waste in villages based on the predicted results.