Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.14 Published:02 June 2015

  Effects of Exogenous Hormone IAA, GA3 and NAA on Flowering, Fruiting and Seed Characteristics of Alfalfa Wang Yuxiang,Chang Chong,Chen Shuming and Zhang Bo 2015, 31 (14):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120199 Abstract + ( 1282 )   PDF ( 1368KB )   ( 438 ) To found the influence of exogenous hormones on seed yield and seed characteristics, and provide reference for rational use of exogenous hormones in alfalfa seed production, Medicago sativa L ‘Xinmu No.4’ was used as the material and exogenous hormone IAA, GA3 and NAA at different concentrations were sprayed. Effects of different exogenous hormones on blossom and fruiting characteristics of alfalfa were studied by measuring the floral traits, sit pod rate, seed yield and seed characteristics and so on. The results showed that exogenous hormone had great influence on floral traits, sit pod rate and seed characteristics of alfalfa. IAA could cause the decrease of floret number, pod number and 1000 grain weight. But the proper concentration of IAA could improve sit pod rate, seed number per pod and the quality and yield of seed. High concentration of GA3 could increase pollen weight and improve pollen viability. However, pod rate, 1000 grain weight and seed yield of alfalfa sprayed with high concentration of GA3 were lower than those in CK. NAA could reduce pollen viability. Seed yield, germination potential, germination rate and seedling height of alfalfa sprayed with NAA were lower than those in CK. Comprehensive analysis showed that exogenous hormones IAA could improve the sit pod rate and increase seed yield of alfalfa, but GA3 and NAA could decrease the sit pod rate and seed yield of alfalfa.

  Bacteriostatic Action of Oregano Essential Oil Adding to TMR Yang Zhao,Liu Ting,Wu Jianping,Lei Zhaomin,Wan Xuerui and He Bing 2015, 31 (14):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010026 Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 1588KB )   ( 864 ) Adding antibiotics to TMR can be an effective decay control method. However, long-term use of antibiotics can produce animal drug residues and other issues. Oregano essential oil is a kind of natural essential oil which has strong antibacterial effect without chemical poison, and can be used as feed additives. This experiment was designed to study the effect of oregano essential oil on inhibiting mold, bacteria and coliform in TMR. And the effects of pH and temperature on the inhibitory effect of oregano essential oil were also analyzed. Oregano essential oil was added to TMR of Holstein cows (about 650 kg). The number of mold and bacteria colonies in TMR was counted using plate colony-counting method. Most probable number of coliforms was detected by using GB bile lactose fermentation. The results showed that oregano essential oil could inhibit mold, bacteria and coliforms in TMR and the difference was significant (P<0.05), and could be used as feed additive to improve the freshness of TMR.

  Emission Inventory of Large-scale Pig Farm in Sichuan Province Guo Weiguang,Yong Yi,Chen Jie,Jiang Tao and Ye Hong 2015, 31 (14):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120060 Abstract + ( 1528 )   PDF ( 1413KB )   ( 634 ) In order to provide support for the follow-up research on pollution control policy and figure out the quantity and distribution of emission of large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province, emission inventory of large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province was calculated based on the statistics of pig population and generation and discharge coefficient in large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province. The results showed that the amount of excrement produced by large-scale pig farms in Sichuan province in 2013 was 3173800 t in total, and the amount of urine was 7594750 t. The emission of COD from large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province reached 180679 t, the total emission of nitrogen and phosphorus amounted to 16665 t and 1734 t, respectively. The five largest emission cities in Sichuan Province were Nanchong, Guangyuan, Mianyang, Deyang and Chengdu, which were the key areas of pollution control in pig breeding industry in the future.

  Analysis of Sow Reproductive Performance in a Large-scale Pig Farm in Yulin Bi Taifei and Zhang Yanna 2015, 31 (14):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120040 Abstract + ( 725 )   PDF ( 1405KB )   ( 418 ) To improve the sow reproductive performance, a large-scale pig farm in Yulin was taken as an example, reproductive records of breeding sows were measured and analyzed based on field survey. The measurement data were compared to get systematic reproductive index. The results showed that oestrus fecundation rate, parturition rate, average total number of piglet, average number of piglet born alive, survival rate in the delivery room were 86.47%, 80.64%, 9.80, 9.16, 61.90%, respectively, in 2013. Reproductive performance of different varieties showed differences. Average total number of piglets, average number of piglets born alive and the number of weaned piglets of ‘Landrace’ were all the highest, followed by that of ‘Large White’ and ‘Duroc’. Average total number of piglets and average number of piglets born alive of ‘Landrace’ showed significant differences from that of ‘Duroc’ (P<0.05), but no significant difference from that of ‘Large White’ (P>0.05). Number of weaned ‘Landrace’ showed significant differences from that of ‘Duroc’ (P<0.01), but showed no significant difference from that of ‘Large White’ (P>0.05). Reproductive performances in different parities were different. Average total number of piglets and average number of piglets born alive were the most in the third parity and were extremely and significantly different (P<0.01) from the ninth parity which had the least values. Reproductive performances were different in different months. Average total number of piglets and average number of piglets born alive were the highest in April and the lowest in November. Difference of the two index in the two months was significant (P<0.05). Average number of healthy piglet was the highest in April and May and was the lowest in March, and their difference was extremely significant (P<0.01). Reproductive performance of sows in the farm was relatively bad. Varity, parity, farrowing month and disease could affect reproductive performance. And the impact of disease was relative large.

  Competition and Synergy Between Pig Industry and Food Security in Major Grain-producing Areas: Taking Heilongjiang Province as an Example Liu Xiaofeng and Meng Jun 2015, 31 (14):  25-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040057 Abstract + ( 710 )   PDF ( 1442KB )   ( 473 ) Based on the interdependence of pig industry and food security, this study aimed to determine the extent of the coordinated development between the two aspects and look for ways to promote the development. Taking coordinate calculation method, this study built coordination degree index system between pig industry and food security, and analyzed coupled coordination between pig industry and food security. According to CCDPIFS, pig industry was divided into four modes and empirical test was carried out taking Heilongjiang Province as an example. The result showed that the pig industry of Heilongjiang Province was basically in a coordinated state. The competition and synergy between pig industry and food security in major grain producing areas could be efficiently measured, and serve as a basis for the adjustment of production practice. It was concluded that keeping food production, developing “non-food” diet, improving feed utilization and breeding mode selection could promote the coordination of pig industry and food industry.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of HA Gene of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Shen Yan,Gao Dongni,An Qi,Liu Ying,Ge Jingping and Ping Wenxiang 2015, 31 (14):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120128 Abstract + ( 1326 )   PDF ( 1850KB )   ( 1342 ) This research aimed to study HA gene of H5N1 avian influenza virus pathogen from the perspective of molecular biology and explore its genetic variation and protein structure. Primer 5.0 was used to design a pair of primers according to the sequence of HA gene of H5N1 avian influenza virus published in GenBank. HA gene was amplified, cloned to pMD18-T vector and then identified. The recombinant plasmid pMD-AIV-HA, which was identified to be correct, was then analyzed by nucleotide sequence analysis. Bioinformatics software was used to do phylogenetic analysis of HA gene, amino acid sequence homology analysis, conserved sequence analysis, phosphorylation sites analysis, protein repeated sequence analysis and the secondary and tertiary structure prediction of HA protein. The sequencing results revealed that HA gene was 1661 bp and encoded 326 amino acids. The analysis of bioinformatics indicated that HA gene was conserved in species, and amino acid sequence homology between HA gene of H5N1 avian influenza virus and of other different AIV strains could reach 99.7%. It was also a highly pathogenic strain. The secondary and tertiary structure prediction results manifested that HA protein mostly consisted of α-helix, β-turn and random coil, and was a hydrophilic protein. The results would lay a foundation for the molecular virology research of AIV.

  Investigation and Analysis of the Subtype of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus in Breeding Base of Meishan Pigs in Shanghai Wu Yunlong,Zhang Defu,Wu Caifeng,Zhang Shushan,Wang Xin and Dai Jianjun 2015, 31 (14):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010020 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 1917KB )   ( 463 ) In order to provide actual evidence of biological safety for using Meishan pigs for donor organ transplantation, existence and subtype of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) in Meishan pigs were investigated and analyzed respectively. Tissues of 45 pig ears were collected randomly from Meishan pig breeding center in Jiading District, Shanghai. Ear fibroblast cell lines from these tissues were established. The existence of core protein gene (gag), polymerase gene (pol) and capsule membrane gene (env) from PERV provirus in genomic DNA was detected by PCR and expression of mRNA of each gene was tested by RT-PCR. The results showed that three subtypes PERV provirus existed in all 45 DNA samples. Results of RT-PCR showed that PERV-A and PERV-B both expressed in 40 samples, subtype PERV-B expressed only in 5 samples, and subtype PERV-C was not found in this study. In consideration of biological safety, whether these pigs can be used as human xenotransplantation donors still need further discussion.

  Establishment of BAS-ELISA Method with Recombinant EtMIC4-N Protein for the Detection of Antibodies Against Chicken Eimeria tenella Liu Xinyue,Wang Lixia,Song Licong,Zhao Chenlu,Zhang Jianjun and An Jian 2015, 31 (14):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010225 Abstract + ( 767 )   PDF ( 1626KB )   ( 433 ) To quickly detect the specific antibody levels in serum of chickens which infected by Eimeria tenlla, EtMIC4-N protein was expressed and purified by Escherichia coli. The reactogenicity of EtMIC4-N protein was identified by Western Bloting. A BAS-ELISA method was established using EtMIC4-N protein as the coating antigen and biotin conjugated goat anti-chicken IgG antibody as the second antibody, streptavidin peroxidase conjugated as the enzyme-labeled antibody. The results indicated that the best concentration of coating antigen was 7 μg/mL, the best blocking buffer was 1% BSA, the best dilution of sera samples, the second antibody, the enzyme-labeled antibody was 1:80, 1:100000, 1:100000 respectively, the best chromogenic reaction time was 15 min, and coefficients of variation in intra-batch and inter-batch were less than 10%. The animal experiment results suggested that BAS-ELISA, which was simple, rapid, sensitive and low-cost, could be used to detect the antibodies against chicken Eimeria tenlla.

  Effects of Three Kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicine Extracts on Oocyst Sporulation of Eimeria Tian Meijie,Shen Hong and Li Qiuming 2015, 31 (14):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110146 Abstract + ( 885 )   PDF ( 1532KB )   ( 484 ) To investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine extracts on oocyst sporulation of Eimeria in vitro, un-sporulated oocysts of three species of Eimeria were cultured in vitro with extracts of traditional Chinese medicine which were Phytolacca, Pulsatilla and Dichroa at different concentrations(25%，50%，100%) for 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively. Oocysts were observed with microscope and sporulated rate was calculated. The results showed that when the concentration of the three kinds of medicines was 50%, sporulated rates of E. tenella, E.necatrix and E.acervulina were 26.20%, 4.74% and 24.09% when cultured in Phytolacca, 57.95%, 10.74% and 20.74% when cultured in Pulsatilla, and 64.65%, 20.53% and 18.03% when cultured in Dichroa after 24 hours. Sporulated rates of E. tenella, E.necatrix and E.acervulina were 58.41%、40.89% and 31.45% when cultured in Phytolacca, 64.81%, 19.42% and 60.90% when cultured in Pulsatilla, 64.18%, 39.70% and 63.16% when cultured in Dichroa after 48 hours. There was a significant reduction in sporulated rate of oocysts cultured for 24 hours and 48 hours in drug groups compared with that of the control group. There were differences among the three drugs inhibited. Concentration of traditional Chinese medicine extracts being 100% showed the best effect in inhibiting sporulation, then was the concentration of 50%. There were inhibitory effects of the three kinds of traditional Chinese medicine extracts on oocyst sporulation in vitro of Eimeria to a certain extent. Inhibitory effect increased with the increase of drug concentration. Phytolacca showed the best inhibitory effect.

  Comparative Analysis of Pesticide Maximum Residue Limits in Aquatic Products Meng Di,Tan Zhijun,Liu Yongtao and Song Yi 2015, 31 (14):  56-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120071 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 1459KB )   ( 481 ) In order to develop Chinese standard system of pesticide residue limits in aquatic products and improve quality, safety and international competitiveness of Chinese aquatic products, the author summarized pesticide maximum residue limits (MRLs) in aquatic products of CAC, China and its main aquatic products trading partners including the USA, Japan and European Union. Through comparative analysis of the pesticide maximum residue limits between China and the main trading partners, discrepancy was found in MRL standards. Main problems exiting in standard system were analyzed, and solutions and suggestions were proposed, including improving matching criteria, strengthening basic research and dynamic management.

  Effect of Houttuynia cordata Floating-bed on the Structure and Function of Bacterial Community in the Sediments of Tilapia Aquacultural System Shi Lina,Ke Xiaoli,Liu Zhigang,Zhang Jiandong,Yao Zhenfeng,Ke Hao and Lu Maixin 2015, 31 (14):  64-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120173 Abstract + ( 1198 )   PDF ( 1972KB )   ( 506 ) To explore the effect of Houttuynia cordata floating-bed on bacterial community of sediment in tilapia pond, Biolog-Eco and PCR-DGGE were used to evaluate structure and function of the bacterial community in the sediments in Houttuynia-Tilapia symbiotic system from September to November in 2013. The Biolog-Eco results showed that microbial metabolic activity and bacterial diversity index in the treatment ponds were lower than those of the control ponds in September, while the status of the treatment and control ponds were just opposite from October to November. The richness indexes of the treatment ponds of different months were significantly different compared with that of the control ponds(P<0.05), therefore Houttuynia cordata floating-bed could effectively increase the bacterial biomass and species richness in the mid and late period. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that relative utilization ratios of carboxylic acids were significantly different in different months, and the different degrees appeared in the order of October>November>September. The DGGE results indicated that the composition of microbial community in the sediments of treatment and control ponds were similar. The bacteria belonged to six bacterial phyla, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria and Fusobacteria. Proteobacteria (54.17%) was the dominant bacterial community. However, the bacterial community diversity of the treatment ponds was obviously higher than that of the control ponds in the same month. As a result, Houttuynia cordata floating bed had a positive effect on optimizing the structure of microbial community, and increasing the diversity of microbial community.

  Design and Research on Fishing Marine RFID System and Anti-collision Technique Xu Shuo,Wang Yu,Shen Dandan,Wang Lihua and Wang Zhenzhou 2015, 31 (14):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010137 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 1323KB )   ( 472 ) To optimize the performance of radio frequency identification system (RFID), achieve efficient management and ensure fishery production safety, the paper put forward an improved dynamic frame slotted ALOHA anti-collision algorithm based on the analysis of the existing ALOHA algorithm. The algorithm changed the frame slot length according to the number dynamics of tags. The improved algorithm used the dynamic frame slotted algorithm to estimate the number of tags. Simulation results showed that the maximum throughput of the improved algorithm system reached 43% when the number of tag increased or decreased. The throughput changed little when the number of tags changed. Compared with the traditional algorithms, the improved algorithms had obvious advantages on response time of the system when the number of tags changed much, and the response time reduced almost in half. The throughput and response delay of the improved algorithm had been significantly enhanced compared with the traditional algorithm. The new algorithm improved the performance of radio frequency identification system and better adapted to the requirements of the system.

  Research Progress on the Effects of Several Environmental Factors on Adaptability of Insects Duan Xiaofeng,Wang Xiaoqing,Li Pinwu and Peng Ping 2015, 31 (14):  79-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120024 Abstract + ( 907 )   PDF ( 1426KB )   ( 800 ) Habitats of creatures are changing frequently under the background of global climate change, and creatures are subject to a variety of stimulation in life processes, so they would perform a variety of stress responses when the stimulation is beyond a certain range. In order to study the effects of environmental stresses on adaptability of insects, this paper summarized the progress about the influence of temperature, moisture, elevated CO2 and light stresses on existence, growth, physiological metabolism, inheritance and ecological behavior of insects, and prospected the research directions of environmental stresses on insects.

  Sequence Analysis and Clone of the Partial Acetate Kinase Gene (ack) from Klebisella oxytoca HD79 Ye Guangbin,Song Gang,Ling Hongzhi,Ge Jingping and Ping Wenxiang 2015, 31 (14):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120202 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 1862KB )   ( 706 ) Acetic acid is one of the major metabolic by-products in 2,3-butanediol classical metabolic pathway. Production of 2,3-butanediol can be affected by synthesis of numerous acetic acid which will lead to changing of environmental pH and inhibition of cell growth. Acetate kinase is a key enzyme in acetic acid metabolic pathway, knock-out of encoding genes of acetate kinase will theoretically decrease and even remove the production of acetic acid, thus the yield and productivity of 2,3-butanediol will be enhanced. In this paper, 856 bp of partial kinase gene ack without base deletion was cloned taking genomic DNA of Klebsiella oxytoca and plasmid pT-ack as templates with primers designed according to similarity of ack sequences from Klebisella oxytoca KCTC1686. The ack gene was located in open reading frame of ack gene of Klebisella oxytoca KCTC1686 though integrated ORF was not found in it by ORF analysis. The result demonstrated that the ack gene was partially acetate kinase gene from Klebisella oxytoca HD79 which laid the foundation for further construction of acetate kinase mutant of Klebisella oxytoca HD79 and provided reference for other relative researches.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of HN Gene of La Sota Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus Liu Ying,Jin Liying,Shen Yan,Gao Dongni,Ping Wenxiang and Ge Jingping 2015, 31 (14):  89-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1960 Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 2204KB )   ( 381 ) This research aimed at further studying the HN gene of La Sota strain of Newcastle disease virus from the perspective of molecular biology and exploring the genetic variation of NDV La Sota HN gene. Taking laboratory frozen pNDV-HN as a template, Primer 5.0 analysis software was utilized to design a pair of primers according to the sequence of NDV La Sota strain published on the GenBank. HN gene was amplified and cloned to the pMD18-T vector. The recombinant plasmid pMD-NDV-HN was identified by restriction enzyme analysis, PCR identification and nucleotide sequence analysis. Boinformatics software was used to analyze La Sota strain of Newcastle disease virus HN gene with respect to phylogenetic tree analysis, amino acid sequence homology analysis, amino acid sequence homology analysis, glycosylation sites, transmembrane protein structure analysis and prediction of phosphorylation sites. The sequencing results revealed that HN gene was 1743 bp and the length of the open reading frame(ORF) was 1716 bp, encoding 571 amino acids. Bioinformatics showed that: HN gene had six potential glycosylation sites, no fifth site(508 - 510 aa), and 12 cysteine residues, the 123 cysteine residues were replaced by tryptophan residues. The protein La Sota strain HN gene encoded 29 serine, 10 tyrosine and 16 threonine, and those may become protein kinase phosphorylation sites. The highest nucleotide sequence homology and amino acid homology of NDV La Sota strain HN gene to NDV La Sota strain HN gene can reach 99%, indicating that HN gene conserved in higher species. The study will lay a foundation for the molecular virology research of NDV.

  Research Progress on Physiology and Proteomics for Cold Tolerance in Plants An Feifei,Li Genghu,Chen Ting,Lin Liming and Ou Wenjun 2015, 31 (14):  96-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010043 Abstract + ( 713 )   PDF ( 1306KB )   ( 844 ) Low temperature damage is one of the natural disasters occur frequently in agricultural production, it not only affects the quality and yield of crops seriously, but also causes crops death in large areas. In this review, the author summarized the development of physiology research on cold tolerance in plants at home and abroad, including the low temperature stress on the chlorophyll content, MDA content, membrane stability, activities of protective enzyme and the content of osmotic adjustment substances, conducted an overview of proteomics applications to cold tolerance research, and suggested the new directions on future research on cold tolerance. The study could provide new insights into plant breeding against cold stress.

  Establishment of a Living Fluorescence Detection System for High-throughput Screening Mutants of Different Components in the Ocimene Signaling Pathway Xu Jian,Li Lang,Liu Chunlin, and Ruan Ying 2015, 31 (14):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020082 Abstract + ( 635 )   PDF ( 1891KB )   ( 448 ) In order to efficiently find various signal transduction components in ocimene signaling pathway, this study uses forward genetic strategy, namely the technology system combining EMS mutagenesis and luciferase-luciferin in vivo fluorescence imaging detection technology for screening mutant. To do this, PR1pro::Luciferase expression cassette and PDF1.2pro::Luciferase expression cassette driven by PR1 gene promoter and PDF1.2 gene promoter respectively were constructed and the recombinant plasmids were transformed into Arabidopsis. By antibiotic selection and PCR verification, T3 transgenic homozygous plants from several lines were obtained. Meanwhile, a suitable high sensitivity CCD camera, camera obscura and software were purchased, through assembling and debugging, a self-made, affordable in vivo fluorescence detector was successfully generated. After treated by jasmonic acid, salicylic acid or ocimene alone followed by fluorescent substrate spraying, homozygous transgenic plants were submitted to fluorescence detector, high intensity of induced-fluorescence signal in transgenic plants was detected, indicating that in vivo fluorescence imaging detection system was successfully constructed. These results provided a powerful forward genetic methodology and made it possible to use high-throughput selection of plants carrying mutations in ocimene signaling pathway components, as well as shed light on the mechanism of defense responses induced by ocimene.

  Regulation of Sugar on the Growth and Development of Plant Root System Li Huimin,Liang Yongshu,Nan Wenbin and Zhang Hanma 2015, 31 (14):  108-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010181 Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 1602KB )   ( 1574 ) Root is an indispensable organ for plant growth and development, which could not only fix and support the plant body, but also absorb water and minerals from soil. In the life cycle of plant root, sugar plays dual roles as nutrients and signaling molecules, and combines with plant hormones to affect root growth and development. In recent years, the regulation mechanisms of sugar on the growth and development of plant roots had been reported. The author reviewed the influence of sugar on the root growth and development, and summarized sugar-regulated mechanisms from sugar signaling transduction and the interactions between sugar and plant hormones in plant root growth and development, proved some valuable information for the continuous research on sugar-regulated mechanisms in plant root.

  Game Analysis of Traceability System Construction of FSDN He Jing and Ma Qing 2015, 31 (14):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120079 Abstract + ( 746 )   PDF ( 1344KB )   ( 389 ) To emphasize the advantage in constructing the traceability system in FSDN, this paper constructed the Nash game equilibrium model in food supply chain and the Pareto game equilibrium model in FSDN, and analyzed the input level of constructing traceability system of enterprises in the two models. The results showed that enterprises in food supply chain would invest at a low level in food safety under the mandatory constraint of policy and regulation. In the Pareto equilibrium model, enterprises in FSDN would input at a higher level in food safety construction than in the Nash equilibrium level. Therefore FSDN would make enterprises improve the input level of constructing the traceability system, and promote the enterprises’ active participating in the construction and implementation of traceability system.

  Mechanism of Micro-vacuum on Delaying Broccoli Fresh Postharvest Aging and Yellowing Li Wenxiang,Fan Mingcong,Sun Yanan,Hu Xinlei,Wang Lijiao and Zhang Yaxuan 2015, 31 (14):  119-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010016 Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 3808KB )   ( 539 ) In order to explore the effect of micro-vacuum storage pressure on broccoli fresh quality and chloroplast ultra structure, fresh broccoli was stored in micro-vacuum condition, in which the temperature was (3±0.5)℃ and the pressure was 55-65 kPa. Then, taking the storage under normal pressure as the control, the author analyzed nutritional quality of titratable acid and soluble solids content, color quality of chlorophyll content and yellowing index, texture quality of brittleness and chewiness, and changes of chloroplast ultra structure. The results showed that micro-vacuum storage condition could slow down the decline of nutritional quality of titratable acid and soluble solids content, slow down the decline of color quality of chlorophyll content and the rise of yellow color index, effectively restrain the decline of texture quality brittleness and the rise of chewiness, and delay the changes of chloroplast ultra structure. In conclusion, on the one hand, micro-vacuum storage condition could delay broccoli postharvest senescence by inhibiting the decline of broccoli nutritional quality and texture quality change, on the other hand, it could also delay the process of postharvest yellowing of the broccoli by inhibiting the decline of its exterior quality and the disintegration of the chloroplast ultra structure.

  Catastrophic Immigratory Path and Origin of the Brown Planthopper in Xiang-Gui Corridor Tang Guangtian,Zou Lixia,Tan Zongkun and He Yan 2015, 31 (14):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110099 Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 2056KB )   ( 471 ) The objective of this paper is to provide scientific basis for monitoring and preventing and wiping out of the brown planthopper (BPH) pests by studying migration characteristics of brown planthopper in Xiang-Gui corridor. By using the light trapping data of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens St?l) of 25 years (1990—2014) from three plant protection stations located in Xiang-Gui Corridor, the author selected the peak date of the catastrophic immigratory, then with software HYSPLIT simulation of its backward trajectory, the author conducted fuzzy space clustering analysis based on the case analysis, and studied the main immigratory path and origin of this species in Xiang-Gui Corridor from the aspects of individuality and commonness, respectively. The results indicated that Southward path (southwest, south, southeast) was the main path of the brown planthopper immigrating into Xiang-Gui Corridor in spring and summer season, representing over 91% of the total number of the immigratory path, while northward path was less than 9%. The origin of the insect was mainly from the north of Vietnam and Laos, and followed by Hainan Province and south of Guandong Province. Northeast path was the main path of the brown planthopper immigrating into Xiang-Gui Corridor in autumn. The origin of the insect in Quanzhou station came from Hunan Province and south of Jiangxi Province (accounting for 61%) and north of Jiangxi and south of Hubei Province (accounting for 39%). Besides, the origin of the insect in Yongfu station came from south of Jiangxi Province and north of Guangdong Province, and the others came from much of Hunan Province, north of Jiangxi and south of Hubei, constituting 19% and 81%, respectively. In conclusion, the origin of the insect in Xiang-Gui Corridor mainly came from south of the Indo-China Peninsula and rice producing regions in Hainan Province in summer season, and from north of the Hunan Province and rice producing regions in Jiang Province in autumn season.

  The Effects of Age and Refrigerating Time on Viability in Eggs Parasitized by Trichogramma ostriniae Zhang Ye,Lian Meili,Li Tang and Zhu Wenya 2015, 31 (14):  132-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110116 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 1460KB )   ( 457 ) Trichogramma ostriniae is an important parasitic natural enemy. Age and refrigerating time are important factors affecting its viability. In order to figure out the impacts of age and refrigerating time on viability in T. ostriniae at low temperature, orthogonal test and variance analysis were carried out to analyze the differences of parasite number, emergence number and emergence rate in different age or at different refrigerating time. The results showed that the maximums of parasite number, emergence number and emergence rate were separately in 4 days, 2-3 days, 1-2 days of age when refrigerated at different stages. The maximums of parasite number and emergence rate were on 60 days or more, and 20 days, respectively, but there were no significant differences in emergence number among treatments when refrigerated for different days. It indicated that age and refrigerating time could influence the process of development at lower temperature and emergence after refrigeration of T. ostriniae. The viability was higher when refrigerated at early stage or in a short period. Therefore, the effects of age and refrigerating time need to be considered for improving T. ostriniae cold-tolerant performance in mass production.

  Effect of Different Planting Layout on Spore Occurrence Amount of Rice Blast Qiu Jing,Peng Wanyun,Wu Ruiwu and Yang Yi 2015, 31 (14):  137-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010078 Abstract + ( 801 )   PDF ( 1444KB )   ( 403 ) In order to study the effect of the rice blast in different planting modes, through the experimental design and sampling design, the author took the pathogen of rice blast as the object of study. By catching the spore of rice blast at regular time, the author studied the relationship between the rice blast and many factors (temperature, illumination, relative humidity, different experimental interval). The experimental results showed that: the change of spore quantity of rice blast was positively correlated with temperature, illumination and relative humidity; the change of spore quantity of rice blast had a significantly positive correlation with the experimental area of same planting mode and adjoining. The study also found that the total amount of spore in diversity planting area was slightly lower than that of single planting area. It showed that the diversity planting can effectively inhibit the rice blast occurrence. At the same time, the author studied fractal dimension on the experimentation area by fractal theory. It showed that the fractal dimension was the decimal and it had some chaotic characteristics.

  Application Technology Research and Demonstration of Diseases and Pests Control at Key Nodes on Single Cropping Rice Wang Huifu,Yu Shanhong and Chen Chaobing 2015, 31 (14):  143-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010185 Abstract + ( 628 )   PDF ( 1339KB )   ( 462 ) In order to verify synthetic solution scheme of diseases and pests on single cropping rice, application technology of diseases and pests control at key nodes was researched based on data from forecast and control of local rice diseases. The result showed that, when the compound pesticide of 40% chlorantraniliprole-thiamethoxam WG (150 g/hm2) 50% pymetrozine WG (225 g/hm2) 32.5% difenoconazole-azoxystrobin SC (450 mL/hm2) was applied at rice key nodes (the late tillering stage and 5 d before rupture stage), the rice planthopper, sheath blight and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis preventing efficiency at 35 d after the second spray reached to 94.3%, 99.0% and 95.6%, respectively. More importantly, the compound pesticide had long residual activity and excellent safety. Rice stem stayed green, elastic and had few yellow leaves at stem base. Therefore, spraying pesticides at key nodes was able to enhance main economic characters remarkably and to control main diseases and pests effectively on single cropping rice. The synthetic solution scheme had good popularization and application prospect in coastal?areas, which suffered typhoon easily.

  Using MODIS Data to Monitor Pest Vegetation Index Change in a Large Scale——Take the Locust Plague in Australia in 2010 for Example Miao Jing,Zhao Ziqi,Liu Huanli,Li Linlin,Xu Yaqi,Liu Qing,Xin Mingyue,Zhang Lu and Li Guochun 2015, 31 (14):  148-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010163 Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 2029KB )   ( 629 ) In order to analyze the range and damage of locusts plague that occurred in New South Wales, Australia, 2010, the author used MODIS/Terra date from 2008 to 2010 to judge the vegetation growth in 2010 through △NDVI value image, which were the different NDVI images of before and after vegetation growing period. The results showed that: from an overall perspective, the detected damage and actual range were basically the same, which could reflect the disaster situation in New South Wales; the undamaged area was almost 410,000 km2; the light damaged area was about 50,000 km2; the seriously damaged area was about 340,000 km2; the total damaged area was about 390,000 km2, which accounted for 49% of the total area. Compared to the official statistics, the relative error of damaged area was about 22%, the reasons were the lack of pixels and some wrong pixels, and the missing pixels could not be included in the calculation of the damaged area and reduced the precision of damage situation classification. This method could be used to study the range and damage of locusts plague.

  The Differential Expression Analysis of the SA and JA Signal Transduction Related Genes in Poplar Varieties Susceptible and Resistant to Canker Liu Zhenyang,Su Yanxiu,Zuo Tao,Chang Jupu,Guo Limin,He Wei and Wang Yanwei 2015, 31 (14):  156-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020033 Abstract + ( 1855 )   PDF ( 1824KB )   ( 492 ) In order to study the differential expression of plant hormone-related genes in resistant and susceptible poplar varieties infected by the canker pathogen (Lonsdalea quercina subsp. populi), and to provide the experimental basis for explaining the defense response mechanism of poplar’s resistance to canker disease, in this study, the resistant variety ‘Populus tomentosa’ and the susceptible one P. deltoids cv. ‘Zhonghe 1’ were respectively inoculated with the canker pathogen for 1 d, 3 d, 6 d and 9 d, quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the differential expression of twelve genes related to SA and JA signal transduction. The results showed that in resistant variety, the expression of PR1-1, PR1-2, NPR1-1, NPR1-2, TGA1, TGA2, MYC2-1 and MYC2-2 was higher than that in susceptible one, especially the genes PR1-1, MYC2-1 and MYC2-2. While, JAZ1, COI1-1 and COI1-2 were expressed lower in resistant variety than that in susceptible one. The expression of JAZ2 did not show significant difference after the inoculation. It suggested that the reason for resistance against canker disease in Populus tomentosa was related to the up-regulated expression of PR1-1, PR1-2, NPR1-1, NPR1-2, TGA1, TGA2, MYC2-1, MYC2-2 and the down-regulated expression of JAZ1, COI1-1 and COI1-2, which could start the SA and JA signal transduction to defend the disease.

  Dose-response of Different Plants on Potassium Fluoride and Acute Injury Thresholds and Lethal Concentrations Zhou Lili,Gao Bida and Song Kui 2015, 31 (14):  164-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010021 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 1434KB )   ( 961 ) In order to confirm the symptoms, acute injury thresholds and lethal concentrations of plants contaminated by fluorine, and provide theoretical basis for fluorine pollution prevention, the author treated plant seedlings and mature branches by KF solution and KCl solution of different concentrations, observed and recorded damage symptoms and measured fluorine contents of leaves. The results implied that different plants had different damage symptoms after culturing by KF solution. In the same processing time, the higher KF concentration, the more obvious damage they exhibited and higher fluorine content was found in leaves. In different processing times, KF caused different acute injury thresholds and lethal concentrations on the same plant, but the fluorine content in leaves was basically the same when the plant began to appear injury symptoms or died. However, using KCl solution to cultivate plants seedlings and mature branches in the same condition caused no obvious damage symptom. It indicated that fluorine was harmful to the growth of plants. The acute injury thresholds and lethal concentrations of KF were determined according to the concentrations of KF and the time and degree of damage to plant.

  Progress of Selenium Enhance Plant Resilience and Its Mechanisms Jia Wei,Wu Jun,Qu Chanjuan,Hu Chengxiao,Wang Fuhua and Zhao Xiaohu 2015, 31 (14):  171-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100137 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 1502KB )   ( 1385 ) Selenium is one of the beneficial elements of plant, which has also been confirmed as one of the trace elements to enhance the resilience of plants. To introduce both foreign and domestic research state of application with selenium on plant to enhanced resilience against various stress, it has retrieved reports that about the relationship between selenium and the biological function of adversity stress containing heavy metal, plant diseases and insect pests, salt stress, drought, high temperature or freezing stress. Here, the research progress of the role selenium plays on every adversity conditions was summarized and discussed based on the statistical analysis of the research on the relationship between the resistance ability of selenium and plant. Pointing out that research of selenium enhancing resilience on plants, under the pests and drought stress, need to be strengthened. Further more study should focus on the mechanism of selenium improving plant against heavy metal stress. The purpose was to provide theoretical basis for the promotion of selenium that used in the field of environmental pollution, agricultural production safety and so on.

  Evaluation of Renewable Resources in Rural Low Carbon Community of Heze Liu Tao and Chen Qingliang 2015, 31 (14):  177-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010018 Abstract + ( 554 )   PDF ( 1674KB )   ( 421 ) Report the renewable resources of Heze city in the rural community construction,and Put forward the Suggestions for Low carbon community construction. Some constructive conclusions and suggestions are presented from the analysis results:（1）The average annual solar irradiation in all counties of Heze studied is 5388.9MJ/m2;and the amount of photovoltaic solar energy in a 10000m2 of low carbon community could be 1.62x106MJ with energy payback ratio of 0.3,which is equal to 55 tons of standard coal,the main facilities suitable for solar applications is solar photovoltaic and thermal equipments.（2）The wind power density at the height of 10m,30m,50m and 80m in Heze are 12w/m2、21 w/m2、56 w/m2、75 w/m2,respectively.And the grade of wind power density is one level, which suggests that the cost-effective ratio of developing wind power is low, or choose the scenery complementary street lamps and other new energy equipment. So appropriate development after consideration of special situation, not a large scale development of wind power is recommended.（3） The average annual rainfall is 621.4mm , The average annual precipitation is 73.2 days, the average rainfall intensity is 8.5㎜ / d, the value is obvious , the rainfall runoff coefficient is 0. 4 ~ 0.5, the flow runoff coefficient is 0.5 ~ 0.6, the permeability coefficient is less than 5.7 * 10 -8.

  Variation Characteristics of Heat Resources and Frost Period in Western Liaoning Zhang Fuyong,Yin Hongtao,Zhang Guolin and Su Hua 2015, 31 (14):  183-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110104 Abstract + ( 658 )   PDF ( 1607KB )   ( 460 ) In order to serve the agricultural production structural adjustment, fully utilize heat resources and prevent frost damage, the author adopted climate data from 1953-2012 and the climate diagnose analysis method, to analyze the variation of heat resources and frost period of Western Liaoning. The results showed that the change rate of annual average temperature, average temperature of summer half year, average temperature of winter half year in Western Liaoning was 0.311℃/10 a, 235℃/10 a, 219℃/10 a, respectively. The annual average lowest temperature, the annual average temperature and the average highest temperature had warming mutations during 1986-1988; after such warming mutations, active accumulated temperature of recent 20 years (1993—2012) of ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ had increased 256℃·d and 233℃·d, and the first date of frost was postponed by 8 days. Even though heat resources had increased, yet the final frost date did not end in advance, therefore, the field sowing time could not be moved ahead. The first frost date was postponed significantly, so the principle of postponing the mutual period could be considered, and the postponing of the sowing date by 8-10 days could reduce 95% of the final frost threats. The high temperature, the increasing accumulated temperature and the extension of non-frost period in Western Liaoning could promote the regional development of agricultural economy.

  Evaluation of Quality and Analysis of Obstacle Factors of Cultivated Land in Tonglu County Ni Zhongying 2015, 31 (14):  188-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010149 Abstract + ( 1040 )   PDF ( 1490KB )   ( 467 ) In order to understand the quality of cultivated land and main obstacle factors of crop high-yield, a GIS-based land quality evaluation was carried out with support of information obtained from the project of formula fertilization in Tonglu County. The results showed that the total cultivated land area in Tonglu County was 31002.3 hm2, the proportions of top, second and third grade of cultivated land were 10.0%, 89.5% and 0.5%, respectively, and the second grade was the main type of the cultivated land. There were several main obstacle factors: (1) poor site condition, hilly landscape, and weak irrigation capacity; (2) obvious soil acidification, about 40.3% of the land had soil pH lower than 5.5; (3) soil organic matter, such as total N, available P and K of most cultivated land, belonged to medium to low levels, and nutrients’ distribution was unbalanced. Aimed at the existing problems, it is necessary to strengthen formula fertilization by soil testing to improve the quality of cultivated land, and organic fertilizers should be applied increasingly, rural irrigation and water conservancy facilities should be constructed, soil nutrient balance of cultivated land should be promoted and the basic soil fertility level of cultivated land should be elevated.

  Comparative Analysis of Agrochemical Pollution Intensity at County Level between East and West China ──A Case Study of Pingdu City in Shandong Province and Yanchi County in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Wu Jinfeng,Wang Xiuhong and Guo Yuesheng 2015, 31 (14):  193-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010176 Abstract + ( 667 )   PDF ( 1625KB )   ( 481 ) The author proposed and applied the method of calculating total agrochemical pollution, which is helpful to calculating agrochemical pollution intensity and studying its spatio-temporal changes between the East and the West in China at county level. The author selected Pingdu City in Shandong Province in East China and Yanchi County in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in West China as examples, revealed the amount and change of agrochemical pollution in this two areas in 2000—2012, in order to provide a scientific basis for harmonious and sustainable development of agriculture between the East and the West in China. It was found that the cultivated land area, crop yield, chemical inputs and pollution amount of per unit cultivated land area of Pingdu were much higher than that of Yanchi; however, pollution amount of per unit crop yield of Yanchi was higher than that of Pingdu and both of them greatly reduced from 2000 to 2012. The implication was that the increase of crop production could be obtained without the increase of regional pollution, and pollution intensity could be reduced directly by reasonable utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, recycling plastic film and so on, especially improving farmer’s awareness of environmental protection and the utilization of other production factors.

  Wavelet Analysis of API Changes of Chengdu About 10 Years Tan Zhuang,Tan Yaling,Luo Mingliang,Zhang Ying and Zhang Bin 2015, 31 (14):  200-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110162 Abstract + ( 1060 )   PDF ( 1432KB )   ( 967 ) The paper aims to find out the multiscale variations and influencing factors of air pollution in Chengdu, and to provide evidence for air pollution control. The time series of daily Air Pollution Index (API) in Chengdu for the past decade was obtained, the primary period of API time series was analyzed by using continuous Meyer wavelet transformation, and then the influencing factors were discussed. The results showed that API varied at diverse timescales with periodic ‘high-low’ fluctuations. The primary period of the daily variations was around 320 days and the secondary period was around 120 days. Due to topographical conditions, API was serious in winter and light in summer in most scales. A secondary peak often occurred in spring which was affected by the sand-dust in north China, the inflection points of serious to light API each year were the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. The general status of air pollution tended to be getting better during the last 10 years in Chengdu, while serious air pollution sometimes occurred because of the rapid economic development. Wavelet analysis is an effective method to study the variation of API time series and the multiscale variations of other pollutants.

  A Study on Improving Soil Quality by Biological Reclamation in Zhongshan Dump Li Shuqin,Tan Hui and Wang Fei 2015, 31 (14):  206-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120047 Abstract + ( 580 )   PDF ( 1393KB )   ( 513 ) The dumps formed in the process of mining can cause great damage to ecological environment, human survival and safety. Thus it is very important to rehabilitate vegetation, and improving soil quality is the key to vegetation rehabilitation. The author took a simple and feasible method as entry point, combined indoor potted and field experiment, detected heavy metal content in crop plant and fruit, and used relevant standard as reference frame after analyzing the physicochemical property of local soil and the selected foreign soil. The results showed that soil quality was poor before reclamation in Zhongshan dump and organic matters (S, N, K) were deficient, and heavy metal content seriously exceeded standard. Through indoor potted experiment, quicksand was selected to be foreign soil material which suitable for crop growth. Field test proved that the yield of crops that improved by quicksand was equal or even exceeded that of local land, and soil fertility was increased by certain degree. Soil heavy metal content increased, but they were all within soil environmental quality standards. Hg and Cr slightly exceeded the standard in peanut fruit, while Pb in peanut fruit and Pb, Cr, As in sesame fruit seriously exceeded the standard. It was suggested that the thickness of isolation soil and covering soil should be increased, and crops which have shallow root system should be chosen when improving soil quality with the method of foreign soil covering, while it was wise to choose plants with high heavy metal adsorption capacity for the purpose of reducing soil heavy metal level.

  Effects of Straw-Bentonite-PAM Improved Materials on the Humus Content of Different Soil Liu Huaqiang,Liao Dunxiu,Liu Jianfei and Zhu Jinshan 2015, 31 (14):  213-218.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120183 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 1383KB )   ( 3492 ) Soil organic matter is an important factor of soil fertility, soil humus is the main body of soil organic matter. In order to improve the content of soil humus, the improved materials which confected by crop straw, bentonite and polyacrylamide (PAM) were applied with different proportions and the effects of portion and time on soil humus content was studied for 3 soil types in Yibin, Sichuan Province. The results showed that after the application of the improved materials, compared to CK, soil humus content increased with the increase of bentonite and PAM. The contents of humus in atteration and grey brown purple soil decreased in the first three months, and then kept stable for the next three months. The content of humus in dark purple clay showed an increasing trend in the first three months, and then decreased for the next three months, but it was still higher than that in December 2009. Thus, the application of improved materials could prevent the loss of soil humus effectively.

  Effects of Different Karst Slope Farmland Microtopography on Soil Nutrients Li Changlan,Dai Quanhou and Cheng Fudong 2015, 31 (14):  219-225.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120057 Abstract + ( 938 )   PDF ( 1305KB )   ( 438 ) To explore relationship between different karst slope farmland microtopography and soil nutrients, soil nutrients of different karst slope farmland microtopography were surveyed using grid sampling method. Results showed that different karst slope farmland microtopography had different soil nutrients, the average range of total organic matter content in soil was 61.14-191.34 g/kg, the average range of total nitrogen content in soil was 1.50-3.58 g/kg, the average range of total phosphorus content in soil was 0.67-1.31 g/kg, the average range of total potassium content in soil was 13.7-36.4 g/kg. The average ranges of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were 210.96-320.88, 1.47-3.91 and 94.61-226.76 mg/kg, respectively, exhibiting the following rules: soil surface> soil bin> soil nest> soil mulch. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between microtopography soil nutrients and topographic factors, but karst slope farmland soil nutrients were closely related to microtopography types.

  Characteristics of Seasonal Variation of Kalidium foliatum Community and Phragmites communis Community of Saline Desert Grassland in Minqin 2015, 31 (14):  226-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120145 Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 1494KB )   ( 644 ) The paper aims to grasp the seasonal variation characteristics of the Halophyte community in desert grassland of Minqin, provide a scientific basis for desert grassland protection, productivity recover and reasonable utilization. This article adopted line transects method and sample method to investigate Kalidium foliatum community and Phragmites communis community of saline desert grassland in Minqin. Through the survey data of May, July and September, the composition and seasonal characteristics of Kalidium foliatum community and Phragmites communis community were analyzed. The results showed that: the composition of halophyte community shrub layer associated species was relatively stable, the coverage of Kalidium foliatum community shrub layer and herb layer was the largest in July; the coverage of Phragmites communis community shrub layer and herb layer had reached the maximum in September. Herbaceous companion species composition of Kalidium foliatum community and Phragmites communis community changed a little with seasons from May to September, plant species, coverage and crown width of Kalidium foliatum community herb layer were the largest in July; plant species, coverage and crown width of Phragmites communis community herb layer gradually increased and reached the maximum in September, the structure had become complex. This was mainly due to climate characteristics of saline desert grassland in Minqin, physiological and ecological characteristics of the plant, and the distribution of site conditions determined by the discrepancy.

  Effect Analysis of Artificial Rain Enhancement on Prevention and Control of Taihu Lake Cyanophyta in 2010 Summer Wang Jia and Chen Yuwen 2015, 31 (14):  232-237.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120169 Abstract + ( 651 )   PDF ( 2062KB )   ( 370 ) In order to demonstrate the feasibility of prevention and control of Cyanophyta by artificial rain enhancement, the effect of artificial rain enhancement operations for prevention and control of Taihu Lake Cyanophyta launched by Jiangsu Meteorology Administration in 2010 summer was analyzed. According to the wind speed and direction in upper atmosphere and some operation information, such as place and time, the affected region by operations and unaffected contrast region were determined. The regional regression analysis of rain enhancement, contrast analysis of temperature decrease and real analysis of variation of the Cyanophyta area were conducted by application of the precipitation and temperature data from meteorological stations within the above two regions, as well as remote sensing data of Cyanophyta area around Taihu Lake. Results showed that after artificial rain enhancement, the increased magnitude of rainfall in Taihu Lake was 11%, reaching 10.9 mm, and the temperature decreased rapidly with 1-2℃, due to increased cold airflow to the ground result from enhancement of the downward flow in cloud. The early growth and medium-term expansion of Taihu Lake Cyanophyta were suppressed by the artificial rain enhancement and temperature decrease.

  Climatic Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Different Intensities of Haze Weather in Shanxi Li Miao,Miao Aimei,Wang Hongxia and Dong Wenxiao 2015, 31 (14):  238-247.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110042 Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 2087KB )   ( 525 ) In order to reveal the climatic characteristics of various scopes and different intensities of haze weather, and the effects of climate change and its associated meteorological elements variation on haze, the spatial and temporal features and variation trend of the haze days in various scopes and different intensities were studied by using the haze observation data of 108 stations in Shanxi in 1980-2012. And a correlation analysis between the varieties of the haze weather and meteorological conditions of wind, precipitation and average relative humidity was accomplished by employing the statistical method. The results showed that: (1) different intensity of haze occurred more in basins and the south than in hills and the north, the high center of which had a distribution pattern of northeast to southwest, and with rising altitude, the frequency of haze days gradually diminished; the slight and mild haze weather appeared most frequently in Taiyuan Basin and Linyun Basin, however, the moderate and severe haze appeared most frequently in Linyun Basin and Changzhi Basin; Houma in Linyun Basin was the center of haze days in the province; (2) autumn and winter were the seasons for haze weather with regional and moderate to strong intensity, especially December and January were the months with regional and wide-ranging haze weather, while November was the month with moderate and strong intensity haze; there were less haze days because of the strong wind in spring and more precipitation in summer; (3) the slight, mild, moderate and severe haze days were increasing respectively at a rate of 48 d/10 a, 15 d/10 a, 3 /10 a and 3 d/10 a, while the small-ranging, regional and wide-ranging haze days rose at a rate of 26 d/10 a, 46 d/10 a, and 1.88 d/10 a. In 1995 and 2003, regional and wide-ranging haze days began to increase; (4) when the wind was lighter than 3 m/s, the wind force had a positive correlation with haze weather, and the correlation coefficient was up to 0.807; but when the wind was stronger than 5 m/s, the correlation coefficient turned to be negative, which was -0.815; (5) annual precipitation days and days of daily average humidity ≥ 80% had obvious effect on the amount variation of the annual haze days, especially the annual days of regional or large range of precipitation.

  Weather Dynamics Analysis of Heavy Lightning Disaster of Tianzhushan on July 23, 2011 Wu Youxun,Chen Xiaohong,Lin Xiaojian,Liang Dexin,Jin Gaosong and Zhou Peng 2015, 31 (14):  248-257.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120165 Abstract + ( 671 )   PDF ( 2182KB )   ( 580 ) The paper aims to improve the lightning disaster weather forecasting ability, and serve Tianzhushan tourism industry. Based on the meteorological observation data in Tianzhushan of Anhui Province, and Hefei Doppler weather radar echo images data, and NCEP FNL global analysis data, the author did meteorological analysis in detail on heavy lightning disaster of Tianzhushan on July 23, 2011. Atmospheric circulation characteristics were that the air above of the observation station was affected by southwest airflow before trough and lower strong warm advection. Surface layer was with tropical depression circulation in the western Pacific to inland, and 200 hPa was subtropical westerly jet. 1000-700 hPa pseudo-equivalent potential temperature decreased nearly 10℃ with height. Lifting condensation level and level of free convection were drawing close to 1000 hPa in T-lnP diagram, and the balance height was 200-300 hPa, CAPE was 2058 J/kg, while convective control energy was more than 300 hPa. The temperature and specific humidity increased significantly greater in low-level than in mid-high level at 14:00, and it showed that atmospheric was not stable. The low-level was wet air, and wet tongue extended to the station in the northeast. The station was located on the tongue tip. Dry air covered the mid-high level. This kind of humidity altitude distribution was good for the formation of thunderstorm. The characteristic of the thunderstorms radar echo was obvious.

  Analysis of Climatic Characteristic of Thunderstorm Weather Variations in Shanxi Province Dou Lijun,Wu Zhanhua and Cai Xia 2015, 31 (14):  258-266.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110121 Abstract + ( 1371 )   PDF ( 2046KB )   ( 808 ) To master climatic characteristic of thunderstorm weather variations in Shanxi Province can provide reference resources for meteorological forecast and industrial and agricultural production. The author carried out the study by using observation data of 71 stations in Shanxi Province from 1960 to 2010 based on statistics methods, such as liner trend, slide test and wavelet analysis. The results showed that thunderstorm days were more in the northeast and fewer in the southwest. The total thunderstorm days of 71 stations presented a declining trend from 1960 to 2010 without remarkable periodicity and mutability. The annual thunderstorm days at most stations had a declining trend, only 4 stations in the northwest of Xinzhou City had an increasing trend. Thunderstorm mainly occurred from June to August in summer, and accounted for 76% of the total number of thunderstorms in a year, while thunderstorm occurring from April to May and from September to October accounted for 24% of the total, there were very few thunderstorm days from November to March. The spatial distribution characteristics of monthly thunderstorm days were different. Monthly thunderstorm days were more in the south and fewer in the north in March, while more in the southeast and fewer in the northwest in April, more in the northeast and fewer in the southwest form May to June, more in the north and fewer in the south form July to October. The daily variation trend of thunderstorms is similar to parabola, 80% thunderstorms started in 12:00-20:00 and ended in 13:00-21:00. The ending variation curve had double peaks, one peak in 16:00-17:00, the other in 20:00-21:00. Thunderstorms lasting for less than an hour accounted for 60%, 2-6 hours for 39%, 6-19 hours for 1%, very few for more than 19 hours. Key words: thunderstorm; variation characteristic; climate

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Agricultural Machinery Cooperatives’ Operating Mechanism in Shandong Province——Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process Lv Mengqi and Zhang Mei 2015, 31 (14):  267-273.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010001 Abstract + ( 595 )   PDF ( 1572KB )   ( 476 ) In the development of agricultural machinery cooperatives in Shandong Province, operating mechanism is not perfect. Comprehensive evaluation of various components of the cooperatives’ operating mechanism is helpful to understanding the influence of each component on the whole operating mechanism. To evaluate the influence of each component on the whole operating mechanism, by using hierarchical analysis method, the author classified the operating mechanism into two aspects: internal and external. Then the author specifically defined 12 secondary indicators and 33 three-level index, studied the effect of each index on target layer weights and conducted the analysis and evaluation. Results show that comparing with external operating mechanism, the internal operating mechanism is much more influential, and the interests connection and distribution mechanism is the most important; while in the external operating mechanism, the connection of cooperatives and market is one of the most important indicators. In conclusion, to optimize the operating mechanism of agricultural machinery cooperatives, the most important thing is to optimize the interests connection and distribution mechanism, governance mechanism and management mechanism.

  Evaluation on Implementation of General Land Use Planning in Developed Regions——A Case Study of Wuxi in Jinagsu Province Tian Zhiqiang,Shen Chunzhu and Bu Xinguo 2015, 31 (14):  274-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010038 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 1473KB )   ( 496 ) To find out problems in the implementation of general land use planning and make the planning to serve the society and economics better, land use change characteristics were analyzed after the implementation of “Wuxi General Land Use Planning (2006—2020)” using data analysis and comparison method. A comprehensive evaluation index system which composed of planning targets, land use structure, planning implementation management and intensive use of land was built up. The results showed that the invalid control of urban and rural construction land and unreasonable distribution of some new construction land were the major problems in the implementation of general land use planning. Although the authority and seriousness of the planning have been preserved, future adaptation of the planning should be strengthened. Then we proposed some suggestions and policies including revising the planning timely, strengthening the implementation management, protecting the arable land and basic farmland area strictly and redeveloping inefficient land in towns.

  Numerical Simulation of Temperature and Velocity Distribution in Bulk Curing Barn Ouyang Jin,Wang Yongqiao,Luo Huilong,Cui Guomin,Zhao Gaokun and Huang Wei 2015, 31 (14):  279-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020001 Abstract + ( 1543 )   PDF ( 2201KB )   ( 546 ) By enhancing the uniformity of the temperature and velocity fields’ distribution in curing barn, the quality of flue-cured tobacco effectively can be improved, and the curing time can be shortened to some degree, therefore, the energy consumption of curing can be reduced. Taking the standard bulk curing barn as the investigated subject, the model of air flow in curing barn with k-ε three-dimension two equations turbulent flow was established. Based on the large software of Fluent within computation fluid dynamics, the numerical simulation of the temperature and velocity distribution in curing barn was conducted in detail. The reasonable supply air volume for bulk curing barn was obtained. The results of numerical simulation could be used for the structure design of bulk curing barn, the temperature and velocity distribution optimization and the selection of circulation fan.

  Contacting Mechanics Analysis during Impact Process between Corn Seeds and Threshing Component Zhang Xinwei,Yi Kechuan and Gao Lianxing 2015, 31 (14):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2318 Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 1482KB )   ( 532 ) In order to further analysis mechanical stress crack formation mechanism of corn seeds during threshing process, provide theory support for the development of new maize seed sheller. In this paper, Hertz theory and mechanics of materials were used to analyses the critical velocity of corn seeds generated flex cracks, and the contacting process between corn seeds and threshing parts, and compared the collision process between spike tooth and plank tooth and maize seeds. It is shown that corn seeds would be producing mechanical stress cracks, even broken when the relative speed of corn seeds and threshing parts touch each other is greater than Vz; there are significant different mechanical effect between different threshing parts and different parts and corn seeds; contact area of corn seeds and threshing unit greater, the impact force received by corn seeds greater, and impact force of spike tooth greater than plank tooth.