Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.34 Published:05 December 2020

  Impact of Fertilization Methods and Fertilizer Usage on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Liu Xiaoxia, Pan Xian, Zhang Huan 2020, 36 (34):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100047 Abstract + ( 486 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1250KB )   ( 98 ) To explore the reduction space of chemical fertilizer under side-deep fertilization, single-cropping rice was taken as the material to study the effects of fertilization methods on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under side-deep fertilization and conventional-shallow fertilization. Results showed that rice yield, effective panicle and nitrogen use efficiency of side-deep fertilization were significantly higher than those of conventional-shallow fertilization under the same nitrogen level. For example, rice yield, effective panicle and nitrogen use efficiency of side-deep fertilization were 11.46%, 10.18% and 34.77% higher than those of conventional-shallow application, respectively. Rice yield, effective panicle and nitrogen use efficiency of side-deep fertilization with reducing amount were 14.63%, 14.79% and 39.73% higher than those of conventional-shallow application with reducing amount. Under the condition of conventional-shallow application, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 20% caused a significant reduction of rice yield. However, rice yield was not affected by the 20% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application under side-deep fertilization. In all, side-deep fertilization is an effective measure to improve rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and the application of side-deep fertilization can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer on the basis of stable yield.

  Evaluation of Drought Tolerance of Maize Seedlings Based-on Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis Method Wei Dongwei, Xie Juanjuan, Zhou Yaping, Sun Wuyong, Ren Yuanyu 2020, 36 (34):  5-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100023 Abstract + ( 252 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 2444KB )   ( 68 ) To detect the antioxidant activity of maize seedlings before and after drought stress by using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) synthesis method and then evaluate the drought tolerance of maize seedlings, four maize varieties (‘Zhengdan 958’, ‘Xundan 20’, ‘Denghai 662’ and ‘Yuyu 22’) were selected and their antioxidant activity was detected by GNPs synthesis method. GNPs synthesis method was used to test the antioxidant activity, and the conditions were optimized and methodologically confirmed. GNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At the same time, the results of DPPH, FRAP and FC methods were compared. The methods including phenotypic identification, SOD activity and MDA content determination were used to detect the drought tolerance of maize seedlings. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were performed on the detection results of the above methods. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of seedlings of the four maize varieties was from strong to weak detected by GNPs synthesis method as: ‘Zhengdan 958’> ‘Xundan 20’> ‘Denghai 662’> ‘Yuyu 22’, which was consistent with the results of traditional methods and drought resistance detection. The results of correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that the GNPs synthesis method was well correlated with other methods and had a high expression in explaining the total variation, indicating that it is feasible to evaluate the drought resistance of maize seedlings.

  Comprehensive Evaluation on Peanut Varieties Under Multiple Cropping in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Chen Jinrui, Du Shanshan, Zhang Leilei, Ku Erban·Yasheng 2020, 36 (34):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100050 Abstract + ( 544 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1330KB )   ( 172 ) The paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of peanut varieties suitable for multiple cropping in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. Six peanut varieties were cropped multiply in the region, and 10 agronomic traits were comprehensively evaluated by grey relational analysis, and the correlation between yield and agronomic traits was explored. The results showed that the rank of equal weight correlation and weighted correlation of all peanuts varieties in the comprehensive evaluation was consistent, which was: ‘Jihua 4 ‘> ‘Silihong’ > ‘DF05’> ‘Yuanza 9102’ > ‘DF06’> ‘Minhua 6’. The comprehensive agronomic traits’ estimation of ‘Jihua 4’ was superior to that of the control ‘Silihong’, and the variety was suitable for planting under multiple cropping in Bayingolin. The comprehensive agronomic traits of ‘DF05’, ‘Yuanza 9102’ , ‘DF06’, and ‘Minhua 6’ were all inferior to that of ‘Silihong’, and the varieties were not recommended for promotion. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between yield and shelling percentage. This study could provide certain reference for the introduction of high-yielding peanut varieties in Bayingolin.

  Effects of Final Singling Time on Growth of One-year-old Seedlings of Cunninghamia konishii Ou Jiande, Kang Yongwu 2020, 36 (34):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100014 Abstract + ( 495 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1364KB )   ( 47 ) Aiming to explore the influence of final singling time on growth dynamics and growth rhythm of Cunninghamia konishii seedlings, optimize final singling seedling time, and provide theoretical and technical support for seedling cultivation, the experiment of final singling time of C. konishii was carried out with annual seedlings. The effects of final singling time on seedling growth dynamics and growth rhythm were analyzed by using the method of fixed plant observation and fitting seedling growth dynamics with Logistic equation. The results showed that the effect of final singling time on seedlings height and ground diameter growth appeared with the time, and it was a dynamic process. Logistic equation fitted well the growth dynamics of C. konishii seedlings. Final singling time significantly affected the total linear growth, the linear growth rate and the maximum linear growth rate of seedling height and ground diameter, but had no significant effect on the linear growth beginning days, linear growth final days, and linear growth duration of seedling height and ground diameter. Final singling time at initial stage of seedling height growth significantly increased the total linear growth, the linear growth rate and the maximum linear growth rate of seedling height and ground diameter compared with other treatments, and increasing the nutrient and water supply in fast-growing stage could improve the seedlings quality. The reasonable final singling time of C. konishii is at the initial stage of seedling height growth (June 30).

  Camellia oleifera Forest Land: NPK Content and Distribution Characteristics in Soil Profile Under Different Slopes Huang Anxiang, Zhou Xianyong, Yang Shoulu, Ji Ning, Zhu Yayan, Xu Jie, Zhang Yanxiong 2020, 36 (34):  25-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100067 Abstract + ( 273 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1329KB )   ( 47 ) To clarify the fertilizer supply capacity and distribution characteristics of N, P and K in soil of Camellia oleifera forest land, soil samples from different slopes (0°, 18°, 43°) and profile depths (0-60 cm) were collected to analyze the NPK nutrient contents and profile distribution characteristics under different site conditions. The results showed that the content of total NPK in the three slopes was 0.60-1.13, 0.62-0.65 and 27.53-32.27 mg/kg, respectively, and the content of available NPK was 89.81-145.00, 3.05-8.52 and 104.06-196.30 mg/kg, respectively. Multiple comparative analysis showed that there were significant differences in the total and available NPK in Camellia oleifera forest land at different slopes (P<0.05). The distribution characteristics of total NPK and available NPK in soil were similar, except total K, with the soil profile deepening and soil depth increasing, the soil fertility gradually decreased, and the distribution was surface accumulation. Analysis of soil fertility showed that the higher the slope, the lower the NPK nutrients. Correlation analysis showed that the total NPK were significantly correlated with available NPK. According to the comprehensive analysis, the slope of 0°-18° is suitable for planting Camellia oleiensis, but the slope of 43° and above is not suitable because of low soil fertility. The results could have certain application value in breeding and cultivation of Camellia oleifera in mountainous areas of Guizhou.

  Selection and Comparison of Excellent Individual of Moringa oleifera Luo Huiying, Pu Tianlei, Deng Hongshan, Zhao Qiongling, Han Xueqin, Fan Jiancheng, Liao Chengfei, Jin Jie 2020, 36 (34):  32-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200905 Abstract + ( 315 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 55 ) To screen out elite fruit-based plants of Moringa oleifera, 30 Moringa families (15 to 30 strains per family) were used as test materials in this study through follow-up observation and comprehensive evaluation for three consecutive years. Yield was the main indicator, while consideration was also given to plant height, crown width, ground diameter and correlative indicators of fruit pods (including single fruit weight, fruit pod length, fruit pod width, number of single pod seeds, etc.). After primary selection, double selection and final selection, 30 excellent individual plants with good yield, well fruit type and full-seed were finally selected from 30 families. It could provide basic materials for selection and breeding of Moringa in the later period, and theoretical references and technical methods for Moringa breeding in hot and dry areas.

  The Variation of Temperature and Light at Different Planting Locations in Solar Greenhouse and Its Effect on Lettuce Yield Pang Minhui, Zuo Qiang, Zou Guoyuan, Han Guicheng, Chang Xiguang, Feng Shuang 2020, 36 (34):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-003 Abstract + ( 335 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1311KB )   ( 49 ) The purpose is to realize scientific planting, centralized management and standardized production of vegetables in solar greenhouse, and explore an effective planting pattern. The article studied the variation of temperature, humidity and light in different planting areas by monitoring and analyzing air temperature, ground temperature, humidity and illumination intensity of different planting locations. And the influence on the yield of lettuce at different planting locations was studied by measuring the yield of different lettuce varieties. The results indicated that the temperature, humidity, and light intensity of the greenhouse were different at different planting locations. The air temperature and ground temperature gradually increased from south to north, and the light intensity first increased and then decreased. Due to the difference of temperature and light conditions, the growth trend of lettuce at the north and south sides was uneven. The yield of different lettuce varieties presented a relatively consistent regularity from south to north, that is, the yield of lettuce in the north was higher, and the yield of lettuce in the southernmost was significantly different from that at other locations. The experiment studied the changing law of environmental conditions such as temperature and light at different planting locations, which could provide a theoretical basis for the scientific planting of greenhouse vegetables.

  Effect of Scion and Rootstock Age on Growth and Yield of Grafted Tomato Fu Bo, Ren Ping, Li Yingmei, Zhang Weibing, Zhao Wei, Wei Peiyao 2020, 36 (34):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200975 Abstract + ( 380 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1446KB )   ( 142 ) The paper aims to study the effect of seedling age of rootstock on the growth and yield of grafted tomato. Taking ‘Jinpeng rootstock No.1’ as rootstock with 4-6 leaves, and ‘Jinpeng No.8’ as scion with 3-5 leaves, the effects of different ages of rootstock and scion on graft survival rate, growth index, leaf pigment content, yield and fruit quality of grafted tomato were analyzed by two factor completely random design, and the comprehensive appreciation method was used to evaluate the combination. The results showed that the age of rootstock and scion all affected the healing, survival, growth, yield and quality of grafted tomato, and the interaction was significant. When the age of scion and rootstock was similar, and the survival rate of grafting was higher. The combination of ‘scion 4/ rootstock 4’ had higher grafting survival rate. The effects of rootstock age on the growth of grafted tomato, leaf pigment content and fruit yield were significant, and the scion age had significant effect on the quality. Grafted tomato with older rootstocks had thicker stem and developed root systems, the whole plant dry matter quality and yield also increased significantly. We comprehensively evaluated the graft survival rate, growth, yield and fruit quality of the grafted tomato and found that the grafted tomato plant with 3-4 leaves of scion and 6 leaves of rootstock had strong growth and significant improvement of yield and fruit quality, and the method could be promoted as tomato grafting suitable for seedling age.

  Effects of Vermicompost Substrate on Tomato Growth and Quality Dong Qingjun, Yang Kai, Wu Qian, Li Yuanbin, Yin Xiaodong, Xu Luyao, Li Huixin, Jiao Jiaguo 2020, 36 (34):  51-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191201017 Abstract + ( 257 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1399KB )   ( 80 ) To provide technical support for the resource utilization of livestock manures and food wastes, the tomato growth substrate was made with food waste vermicompost or pig manure vermicompost, peat, perlite and vermiculite in different proportions, and then using conventional substrate as controls, the best vermicompost substrate was selected through the analysis of the growth and quality of tomato. The results showed that, the physical and chemical properties of the growth substrate made up of pig manure vermicompost and food waste vermicompost were good, which were suitable for tomato growth. Overall, in all treatments, T5(40% food waste vermicompost+ 20% peat+ 15% perlite+ 25% vermiculite) and T6(40% pig manure vermicompost+ 20% peat+ 15% perlite+ 25% vermiculite) treatment with 40% vermicompost had the best effect, compared with CK, the fruit weight of T5 and T6 increased by 102.84% and 95.05%, Vc content increased by 76.64% and 77.16%, soluble protein content increased by 1.27 and 1.35 mg/g respectively, soluble sugar content increased by 6.73 and 10.54 mg/g respectively, and organic acid content of T5 decreased by 23.40%. T5 and T6 treatment have the same overall effect, which can meet the requirements of the market, and the formula can be recommended for factory production of tomato substrate.

  Effects of Extracts from Two Kinds of Chinese Herbs on Active Compounds Formation of Auricularia auricula Xu Zhexiang, Jiang Shuo, Zheng Chunying 2020, 36 (34):  58-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0319 Abstract + ( 308 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1525KB )   ( 46 ) The paper aims to investigate the effects of water extracts from two kinds of Chinese herbs on active metabolites formation during the fermentation of Auricularia auricula. Extracts of different doses of two kinds of Chinese herbs were added to basal media of Auricularia auricula, and then the polysaccharide and adenosine contents were analyzed by fluorenone-sulfuric acid method and HPLC after Auricularia auricula was cultured for 6 days. Meanwhile, the active compounds in Acanthopanax senticosus and Schisandra chinensis were determined by HPLC, respectively. The results showed that both water extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus at 4 g/L and Schisandra chinensis at 3 g/L increased the contents of polysaccharides in the ferment of Auricularia auricular, while the water extract of Acanthopanax senticosus at 1 g/L and Schisandra chinensis at 6 g/L had significant effects on contents of adenosine in the mycelium of Auricularia auricula. Moreover, the contents of syringin and eleutheroside E in Acanthopanax senticosus could not be detected and the contents of lignan ingredients in Schisandra chinensis showed a change of increasing and decreasing during the fermentation. There are dynamic changes of active compounds during the fermentation.

  Special High-efficient Microorganisms for Dissolving Phosphorus, Potassium and Growth-promoting of Walnut: Screening and Compounding Zhang Qi, Xu Siqi, Zhao Xuetong, Pan Wenzheng, Shang Haili, Wang Jingxian, Zhao Rongbiao 2020, 36 (34):  64-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0252 Abstract + ( 419 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1437KB )   ( 51 ) To solve the problem that phosphorus and potassium in soil are difficult to be absorbed and utilized by plants, the functional microorganisms for dissolving phosphorus, potassium and growth promotion were screened out by the method of coating dilution. The results showed that 1326 strains of microorganisms were screened out from soil, 536 strains remained by removing the strains with the same morphology and gram staining results. The ability to dissolve phosphorus and potassium and secrete hormones was detected, and 4 functional strains were identified to study the effects of their combinations on walnut seedlings. Through the observation of the morphological characteristics and the physiological and biochemical identification of the 4 strains, and with the combination of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, ht1 and ht4 were confirmed as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and ht2 and ht3 as Bacillus subtilis. Plate confrontation test was carried out on the 4 functional strains, and it was found that the 4 strains had no inhibitory effect. After the combination of different strains, the IAA secretion of the 4 functional strains was significantly increased. The compounding effect of the 4 strains with different proportions was explored, and the strong colonization ability of the strains was detected in the soil. The measurement of agronomic traits of walnut seedlings showed that the compounding effect of the 4 strains with 1:1:1:1 ratio was the best, and the indexes of tree height, sub-branch height and crown width were significantly higher than those of other treatments.

  Effects of Low Temperature on Saponin Content and Photosynthetic Physiology of Panax notoginseng in Different Ages Zhou Runze, Wang Yihao, Ma Xiaohui, Cui Zhiying, Zheng Guowei, Xu Furong 2020, 36 (34):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200999 Abstract + ( 323 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 86 ) To clarify the influence of low temperature on the total saponins and the photosynthetic physiology of Panax notoginseng with different growing years, HPLC method was used to analyze the content of total saponins in root of P. notoginseng treated with 10, 15 and 20℃ for 30 days, and measured the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content and malondialdehyde (MDA) of P. notoginseng tablets of two ages at three temperatures. The results showed that the content of total saponins in three years P. notoginseng treated with 20℃ was the highest, while that with 15℃ was the lowest. The content of chlorophyll a (Chla) and chlorophyll b (Chlb) was the highest at 10℃. The difference between Chlb at 15℃ and 20, 10℃ was significant. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of leaves decreased with the decrease of temperature. The difference between Pn at 20℃ and 15℃ was significant, and that at 10℃ was very significant. Gs and Tr at 20℃ were significantly different from 15, 10℃. MDA increased first and then decreased with the decrease of temperature. Intercellular CO2 concentration/ ambient CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca) increased with the decrease of temperature, and the difference between 10℃ and 15, 20℃was significant. The content of total saponins of two years P. notoginseng treated with 20℃ was the highest and the content of total saponins treated with 15℃ was the lowest. Both Chla and Chlb increased first and then decreased with the decrease of temperature. Both Pn and Gs decreased with the decrease of temperature, and Tr decreased first and then increased with the decrease of temperature. MDA increased with the decrease of temperature. Ci/Ca increased with temperature decrease. Therefore, the effect of low temperature on the accumulation of P. notoginseng root saponins is not significant, and 20℃ is the most optimum temperature for the accumulation of P. notoginseng root saponins, but low temperature can inhibit P. notoginseng photosynthesis.

  Application of Horticultural Therapy in Urban Landscape Fu Ling, Zhang Meng, Zhao Wenqian, Yan Xu 2020, 36 (34):  76-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100046 Abstract + ( 396 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1429KB )   ( 71 ) The study aims to combine horticultural therapy with landscape gardening, use plants and the external environment to stimulate the human senses, thus help people relieve fatigue and stress, keep physical and mental well-being, and prevent and treat diseases. Through consulting relevant documents, this paper explored the meaning, type, function of horticultural therapy and its other theoretical contents. From April to May in 2018, we went to Tangshan South Lake Park, Dazhao Park, Mount Fenghuang Park and other places to carry out a field study on the development of horticultural therapy in urban landscaping. At the same time, a questionnaire about horticultural therapy was designed and provided both online and in South Lake Park. By analyzing the results of the collected questionnaires, we summarized the suitable application modes of horticultural therapy in urban landscape, such as setting up different functional parks, including experience park, perception park and special garden, and pointed out that from the perspective of landscape design, the sensory stimulation of horticultural therapy should be better developed to improve people’s physical function through horticultural experience.

  Adsorption Property of Moringa Seed Shell Biochar to Cu2+ in Solution Li Meiping, Dong Cheng, Wang Wei, Zhang Shengwan, Zhang Jincai 2020, 36 (34):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100853 Abstract + ( 381 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1510KB )   ( 65 ) To reveal the adsorption performance of Moringa seed shell biochar to Cu2+, Moringa seed shell was used as raw material to prepare biochar under 1000℃ pyrolysis and modified with KOH. The equilibrium adsorption method was adopted to study the adsorption mechanism of Cu2+ by the biochar before and after modification. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency of modified Moringa seed shell biochar was better than that that of unmodified biochar under the same adsorption condition of pH 7.0. The adsorption process was in accordance with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The difference was related to the specific surface area, pore structure and aromatic structure of the biochar as well as the content of SiO2. The research indicates that the prepared Moringa seed shell biochar has a good removal effect on Cu2+ in a certain range.

  Application of Salix×aureo-pendula in the Remediation of Typical Cadmium Contaminated Soil in North China Liu Qian, Lu Yifu 2020, 36 (34):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191201002 Abstract + ( 234 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1410KB )   ( 33 ) The experiment is to explore the application characteristics and repair effects of phytoremediation technology in cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. Taking the actual soil with different levels of Cd pollution as the target, the Salix×aureo-pendula was selected by cutting cultivation to compare the tolerance, enrichment, transfer ability and remediation efficiency of Salix×aureo-pendula in different Cd polluted soil. The results showed that with the increase of Cd pollution concentration, the bioconcentration coefficient (BCF) of the aboveground and underground parts of Salix×aureo-pendula increased, and the above-ground enrichment ability was higher than that of the underground, which was 3.56-7.28 times of that of the underground. When the growth conditions were the same, the BCF and Cd contents of the 2-year-old Salix×aureo-pendula were significantly higher than that of the 1-year-old, which was 1.66 times and 1.47 times of that of the 1-year-old. It can be seen that the cloned Salix×aureo-pendula has higher tolerance and accumulation ability to Cd, and the longer the growth time, the more Cd is absorbed from the soil. In both the Cd-contaminated soils, the clonal Salix×aureo-pendula tends to transport part of Cd to the shoots to alleviate the toxicity of Cd, and the aboveground parts have a larger Cd ‘capacity’ than the roots. The removal of Cd from the branches, leaves, stems and roots of the heavily polluted soil is 1.01, 1.34, 1.93 and 3.47 times of that of the moderately contaminated soil, respectively. Therefore, in the heavily Cd-contaminated soil, the clonal Salix×aureo-pendula can remove a higher amount of Cd, and has higher Cd extraction and accumulation ability. In summary, the clonal Salix×aureo-pendula has higher tolerance and accumulation ability, can remove higher amount of Cd in higher Cd contaminated soil, and has the ability to be applied to medium and heavy Cd contaminated soil.

  Dynamic Prediction of Single Cropping Rice Yield Based on Similar Meteorological Year Type and Key Meteorological Factors in Yunnan Zhang Jiayun, Chen Yao, Zhu Yong, Zhang Maosong, Yu Lingxiang, Fan Lizhang 2020, 36 (34):  96-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100868 Abstract + ( 352 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1416KB )   ( 77 ) The study established the suitable dynamic prediction of single cropping rice yield in Yunnan, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and decision support for predicting single cropping rice yield timely and accurately. Based on the data of single cropping rice yield, daily average air temperature, daily precipitation and daily sunshine hours in the growth period from 2000 to 2018 in Yunnan, dynamic prediction models were established by using methods with similar meteorological year type and with key meteorological factors. The results showed that the average prediction accuracy of the two prediction models both exceeded 92% on June 1, July 1, August 1 and August 21. The average accuracy of the similar meteorological year type model was 95.4% and 97.5% respectively on June 1 and August 21 from 2016 to 2018; and the average accuracy of the key meteorological factors model was 97.4% in the same period. The prediction accuracy of both the two dynamic prediction models is high enough to meet the needs of prediction service in Yunnan.

  Peanut Yield in Anhui: Correlation with Meteorological Factors and Forecast Model Yang Xiaobing, Yang Jun, Yang Chen, Ren Zhong, Wang Dalin 2020, 36 (34):  100-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100823 Abstract + ( 351 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1433KB )   ( 98 ) To construct a local peanut yield forecasting model based on the influence of meteorological factors in Anhui, and provide reference for exploring the economic benefits of peanut and coping with the risk of meteorological disasters, grey correlation analysis on peanut meteorological output and meteorological factors from 2000 to 2017 of all cities in Anhui was conducted. The meteorological factors with greater correlation were screened out and a yield prediction model based on stepwise regression was established. The results showed that the correlation between Anhui peanut production and meteorological factors during growth period was followed the order of average temperature in May > light hours in July > light hours in May > light hours in June > the average temperature in July > light hours in August > the average temperature in August > the average temperature in June > precipitation in August > precipitation in July > precipitation in May > precipitation in June. Furthermore, peanut production over the years was tested based on the peanut per unit yield prediction model, revealing that the root mean square error between the predicted value and actual value was 815 kg/hm2 and the fitting index was 0.81. The prediction model is proved to have certain application value.

  Effect of Bacillus Bam22 on Club Root of Oilseed Rape Zhang Kaini, Zhang Lei, Huang Xiaoqin, Yang Xiaoxiang, Wu Wenxian, Zhou Xiquan, Zhou Shixin, Dang Wenqiang, Wang Wenming, Liu Yong 2020, 36 (34):  104-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200978 Abstract + ( 320 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1579KB )   ( 57 ) Club root is a major disease that severely hampers the development of oilseed rape industry and can occur at the seedling stage. At present, the main control measures of this disease including using resistance varieties and fungicides, but the problem of pesticide residues is becoming more and more serious, so the biological control strategy is proposed to prevent and control club root of oilseed rape. To study the control effect of Bacillus Bam22 on the club root of oilseed rape, seed mixing and root irrigation at seedling stage were used in the study. The results showed that the seed mixing with Bacillus Bam22 combined with root irrigation at seedling stage could effectively reduce the disease incidence, improve the control effect on the club root, and promote the growth of oilseed rape. At the seedling stage, compared with water treatment (CK), the incidence of Bacillus Bam22 treatment (T1) and Bacillus Bam22 and Kaolin treatment (T2) was decreased by 3.4%-20%, and the control efficiency reached 44%-52%; compared with 10% cyazofamid treatment (T3), the control efficiency of T1 and T2 was improved by 20%-40%. At the flowering stage, compared with CK, the incidence rate of T1 and T2 was decreased by 10%-13%, and the control efficiency reached 44%~52%; compared with T3, the incidence rate was decreased by 6.67%-10%, the control efficiency was improved by 5%-22%, the yield per plant was increased by 23.97% -34.29%. In conclusion, the use of Bam22 in seed mixing and root irrigation at seedling stage can effectively reduce the incidence of club root of oilseed rape during seedling and flowering stage, and significantly bring down the yield loss rate. Bam22 has good control efficiency on club root and the potential to be developed into biological fungicide.

  Resistance of Pepper Cultivars to Phytophthora capsici He Liegan, Zou Fen, Hu Ming, Xiong Shuiping, Ma Huigang 2020, 36 (34):  110-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100010 Abstract + ( 523 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1426KB )   ( 49 ) To screen resistant germplasm resources for the selection and promotion of resistant pepper cultivars, the resistance of 206 local pepper cultivars in Jiangxi was identified by drenching them with zoosperm, and the differences of resistance in different periods were preliminarily analyzed. The results showed that both the disease rate and disease index varied widely among different materials. There were 21, 32 and 153 materials with the disease rate of 0-30.0%, 30.1%-70.0% and 70.1%-100%, respectively, accounting for 10.19%, 15.53% and 74.27% of the tested materials. There were 15, 17, 23 and 151 cultivars with high resistance, resistance, moderate resistance and susceptibility, respectively, accounting for 7.28%, 8.25%, 11.17% and 73.30% of the tested materials. 15 materials, such as ‘Ganjiao 18’, ‘Ganjiao 35’, C047, WY38, CM334, A204 and so on, were identified with high resistance. According to the analysis of the incidence, there was a significant difference of the incidence rate (invasion and spread) among the materials.

  Effect of Artificial Feed on the Biological Characteristics of Adult Coccinella septempunctata Zeng Ruilin, Liu Hongling, Feng Changchun, Liu Dongyang, Wang Yong, Lei Qiang, Guo Shiping, Li Bin, Guan Yu, Liu Yang, Liu Chao, Wu Xinglong, Wang Xiaoqiang, Pu Deqiang 2020, 36 (34):  117-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100015 Abstract + ( 477 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1404KB )   ( 46 ) The purpose is to clarify the effects of artificial feeds on the biological characteristics of adult Coccinella septempunctata, and to provide reference for the improvement of artificial feeds. Four groups of artificial feeds (artificial feeds A, B, C, and D) and one group of control were used to feed the adults of C. septempunctata, and its lifespan, feeding, mating and spawning ability were studied. The differences between the 4 groups of artificial feeds were mainly due to the different sources of insect protein. Artificial feed A was yellow mealworm pupae, artificial feed B was bee pupae, artificial feed C was silkworm pupae, and artificial feed D was also bee pupae. Only artificial feed D was dry powder feed, the other three groups were paste feed, and the control group was fed with Aphis craccivora. Compared with the control group, the survival rate of the four artificial feed groups after sixty days was higher than that of the control group, and the artificial feed D group had the highest survival rate. Artificial feed A and artificial feed D had spawning, but were significantly lower than the control group; the hatching rate of adult worms fed with artificial feed A was higher than that of the control group. With the extension of the feeding time, the feeding frequency and mating frequency of the four artificial feed groups of C. septempunctata basically increased first and then decreased, and the mating frequency of the four artificial feed groups was slightly lower than that of the control group. The artificial feed D had the best effect on the adults of C. septempunctata.

  Residues and Degradation Dynamics of Oxadiargyl in Rice and Environment Chu Yue, Duan Jinsheng, Dong Xu, Sun Mingna, Tong Zhou, Xiao Qingqing, Gao Tongchun, Wang Mei 2020, 36 (34):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200974 Abstract + ( 690 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1392KB )   ( 67 ) To evaluate the safety of oxadiargyl in paddy field, a field experiment was conducted to study the residues and degradation dynamics of oxadiargyl in rice and environment. The residues of rice shell samples were extracted with dichloromethane, and paddy water, soil, rice plant and brown rice samples were extracted with acetonitrile, the samples were cleaned up by glass chromatographic column and determined by GC-ECD. The results showed that when the concentration of oxadiargyl in paddy water, soil, rice plant, rice shell and brown rice samples ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/kg, the average recovery was 82.4%-99.6%, with the variation coefficient of 1.62%-7.56%, the minimum detectable mass fraction (LOQs) was 0.01 mg/kg. Degradation of oxadiargyl in paddy water, soil and rice plant conformed to chemical kinetic equation Ct=Coekt, with the half-life of 2.4-5.4, 10.0-12.7 and 2.4-5.8 days, respectively. Oxadiargyl was applied at the dosage of 112.5 and 168.75 g a.i./hm2, each for once, the final residue of oxadiargyl in soil, rice plant, rice shell and brown rice were all below the detection limits. The results reveal that the residue of oxadiargyl in brown rice is less than the MRL set by China and EU.

  Isoxaflutole·S-metolachlor 48% OD Against Annual Weeds in Maize Field: Control Effect and Safety Evaluation Li Qi, Yu Jinping, Liu Yixue, Zhang Wei 2020, 36 (34):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191201011 Abstract + ( 539 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 64 ) The purpose is to evaluate the control effect of isoxaflutole·S-metolachlor 48% OD against annual weeds in maize field and its safety. Field experiments were carried out with randomized-block design. The results showed that isoxaflutole·S-metolachlor 48% OD had excellent control effect on Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Porbulaea oleracea and Amaranthus refroflexus in maize field. 40 days after the treatment, the fresh weight of annual weeds reduced by 91.5%, 94.9% and 99.1% under 576, 720 and 1152 g a.i./hm2, respectively, which were all above 90%. The maize yield increased by 16.2%, 19.0% and 21.2%, respectively. Thus, isoxaflutole·S-metolachlor 48% OD can be used in maize field by soil spraying. It is safe for maize and has good effects on annual weeds’ control and yield increase. The recommended dose is 576-720 g a.i./hm2.

  Effects of Light Quality on Nutrition and Flavor Quality in Tomato Yang Zhongwu, Liu Yi, Jin Zhuojun, Xu Weihong 2020, 36 (34):  134-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100072 Abstract + ( 489 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1428KB )   ( 86 ) Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of various light qualities (white, blue, black, red and green) on the nutrition and flavor quality of tomato. The results showed that during the aging period, the black light promoted the accumulation of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen. From green maturity to transition period, the total organic acid of tomato fruit under white light increased by 4.57 times, and the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in tomato fruit was increased by blue and green light compared with that of the aging period. From the color conversion period to the maturity period, the content of amino acid was in order of blue light> green light> black light> red light> white light, and the total amount of organic acid in tomato fruit increased by 27.8% under black light compared with the color conversion period, and the content of lycopene and Vc was increased and the nitrate content was decreased by red light, and the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in tomato fruit was increased by white, red and green light. Methyl salicylate, 6-methylheptane 2 ketone, citrene and anti-2hexene aldehyde were the main flavor of tomato fruit (>30 μg/kg). The methyl salicylate, 6-methyl-heptene-2-one and hexenal of tomato increased by 11.6%, 20.2% and 17.2%, respectively, under red light. Red light can be used to improve the nutritional quality and flavor of tomato fruit during the period of color conversion to maturity.

  The Quality of ‘Zijuan’ Tea Under Different Processing Techniques: A Comparative Analysis Shi Hongdi, Wang Bangzheng, Li Qian, Wang Kang, Fan Shuchen, Liu Lin, Wang Leguan, Liu Dandan 2020, 36 (34):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100066 Abstract + ( 464 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1319KB )   ( 191 ) To study the effect of different processing techniques on the quality of ‘Zijuan’ tea, we tried to make five kinds of ‘Zijuan’ tea samples by taking fresh leaves of ‘Zijuan’ as raw materials and adopting the processing techniques of baked green tea, sundried green tea, black tea, white tea and dark tea, and tested the contents of main quality-related chemical constituents and made a systematic analysis. The results showed that different processing techniques could make the contents of chemical constituents significantly different in the tea samples that were made from the fresh leaves of the same variety of ‘Zijuan’. The content of anthocyanin in the baked green tea was the highest, followed by that in the sundried green tea. With the advancing of fermentation, the content of tea polyphenol and catechin declined. Additionally, the dark tea had the highest content of gallic acid among all the tea samples, the white tea had the highest content of theanine, while black tea had the highest caffeine. Therefore, different processing techniques have significant influence on the contents of main quality-related chemical constituents of ‘Zijuan’ tea, and the content of polyphenols in the baked green tea is the most abundant.

  Trend and Topic Analysis of Global Plant Science Research Li Nan, Li Xiaoman, Zhang Xuefu 2020, 36 (34):  148-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300216 Abstract + ( 495 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1781KB )   ( 57 ) Based on the needs of agricultural science and technology innovation, to provide support and refence for the effective allocation of agricultural science and technology resources, the research analyzed the current status and trend of global plant science research from the perspective of bibliometrics. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to construct a search strategy, based on the Web of Science database and bibliometric analysis tools, bibliometrics analysis was carried out on the number of articles published, the countries, institutions, journals, and authors influence with high publication numbers. The main results indicate that the number of articles published from 1995 to 2018 shows a steady growth trend as a whole. The United States and China are main contributors to the articles, but the number of citations per article contributed by the United States and European countries is higher than that of China. Chinese scientific research institutions have an advantage in the number of articles, while German Max Planck features highly the number of citations per article. The content analysis was carried out on Top10 articles with high citations published from 2016 to 2018, and the visual analysis of the topic clustering of high-frequency word co-occurrence was conducted. The results show that ‘plants respond to biotic and abiotic stress’, ‘gene editing technology’, ‘genomic analysis’, ‘plant reproductive development regulation’ are important research directions that have been given growing attention in recent years. The subject content is in accordance with the preliminary needs research. The research proves that these research directions will play an important role in promoting the development of agricultural innovation.

  Land Management Area: Effects on the Income of Modern Sericulture Industry in Fucheng Wang Xie, Wang Yong, Zhang Jianhua, Guo Haixia 2020, 36 (34):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100787 Abstract + ( 318 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1353KB )   ( 68 ) The paper aims to reveal the influence of management area of mulberry field on the annual income of sericulture farmers in western China. During 2015-2018, we conducted a follow-up survey on the level of rural economic development, the transfer of rural labor force, and the production and operation of sericulture farmers in 13 towns in Fucheng. Through the establishment of econometric model, 554 sample data were analyzed to determine the appropriate scale of mulberry field management in western China. The results showed that: (1) the area of land owned by each household was very small with 0.04 hm2 per household; (2) the average mulberry field area of sericulture farmers’ independent management was 2.05 hm2 per household; (3) the appropriate scale threshold range of intensive management of regional mulberry field was 1.51-12.08 hm2; (4) the functional relationship between the per capita net income of sericulture farmer and the management scale of mulberry field was y=-2491.8x 2+33201x, that was to say, the land management scale was 6.66 hm2 when the per capita net income was the largest. In conclusion, sericulture farmers are rational and reasonable in determining their own land management scale at present, and there is still a certain space for land demand in the future under better economic conditions.