Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.14 Published:15 June 2011

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  A SNP in CTSB Gene and Its Associations with Carcass and Growth Traits in Cattle 2011, 27 (14):  1-4.  Abstract + ( 1277 )   PDF ( 778552KB )   ( 1082 ) Simmental X Luxi are good double traits of milk and meat cattles. In order to explore the marker of some economic traits in early breeding and improve profit of beef industry. We choose the CTSB gene as candidate gene for carcass and growth traits, and a total of 174 Simmental X Luxi cattles were examined by PCR-RFLP of CTSB gene intron 6. Allele and genotype frequencies and the effects of the mutation on 4 growth and carcass traits were analyzed using SAS9.2. A T/C mutation was identified at position 5357 bp of CTSB gene(NC_007306). And it showed significantly association with average daily weight and meat weight (P<0.05). Genotype of AA is more weight on meat weight and average daily weight than AB and BB genotype. Thus T5357C might be a good marker for two traits.

  Cloning and sequence analysis of gallus IL-2 gene and prediction of protein structure 2011, 27 (14):  5-11.  Abstract + ( 1295 )   PDF ( 1081669KB )   ( 1082 ) According to GenBank in the IL-2 cDNA sequences, using Premier 5.0 software design a pairs of specific primer, the local Dorking inject 100 μg / ml ConA, total RNA was extracted from feeding 24 hours lymphocyte from spleen, by RT-PCR cloning colony IL-2 cDNA fragment. The DNA fragments were analyzed use DNAStar software between different species identity for comparison. Sequence analysis showed that IL-2 gene has an open reading frames for 432 nucleotide acids, encoding 143 amino acids and most of signal peptide, compared with published on Genbank, the nucleotide identity was 98.8%、31.2%、28.2%、27.3%、30.6%、26.2%、31.7%、30.1%、30.8%、26.6%、30.6%. compared with published on Genbank, the Amino acids was 95.8%, 7.6%、7.6%、9.7%、7.6%、6.9%、10.4% 11.8%, 7.6%, 9.0%, 7.6%, 10.4% with cattle, horse, cat, sheep, bovine, canis, people, capra, mice, cow of IL-2 sequence comparison The gallus IL-2 gene was successfully cloned,there is a species-specific. And construct a based on further study the biological effects of IL-2gene in particular the use of IL-2 enhance the immune effect of DNA vaccine.

  Study on the Affect of Microencapsulated Compound Acidifiers on Growth Performance of Quails 2011, 27 (14):  12-16.  Abstract + ( 1305 )   PDF ( 578071KB )   ( 989 ) In order to study the effects of dietary microencapsulated compound acidifiers on the growth performance, one hundred and twenty one-day-old meat-type quails were randomly divided into control group and acidifeiers group, each group had 3 replicates and 20 meat quails in each replicate. Control group was fed with basal diet，acidifeiers group was fed with basal diet supplemented 0.05% microencapsulated compound acidifiers. The experiment period is 42 days. The results showed that microencapsulated compound acidifiers could increase significantly average body weight, average daily gain，and feed conversion rate(FCR). there were significant differences between treatment and control groups (P<0.05) in 1-21d and 1-42d; enhance significantly the apparent availability of dry matter, protein, organics, metabolizable energy, calcium and phosphorus in 1-21d(P<0.05); Supplementation of microencapsulated compound acidifiers could decrease significantly pH value in 1-21d(P<0.05), increased obviously level of trypsin, amylase and lipase, and improve respectively villus height in duodenal and jejunum in 1-21d(P<0.05). The results indicated that microencapsulated compound acidifiers decrease significantly pH value, improve improve respectively the level of digestive enzyme and nutriments digestibility and enhances growth performance. of quails.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis, Construction and Indentification of Eukaryotic Expression Vector of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Gloydius saxatilis 2011, 27 (14):  17-21.  Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 885895KB )   ( 920 ) Fibrinolytic enzyme gene of Gloydius saxatilis was cloned, then analysis the gene sequence and function; construction and indentification of eukaryotic expression vector of FLE gene. Total RNA was extracted from venom cells from Gloydius saxatilis, FLE gene was amplified by RT-PCR. Then it was connected to pMD18-T vector by TA cloning. At last, sequencing and analysis the gene sequence. The FLE gene was inserted into the vector pEGFP-C1. This recombinant plasmid pEGFP-FLE was identified by digestion of endonuclease, PCR and sequencing. FLE gene was cloned successfully. Its length was 774 bp including whole open reading frame (ORF).The recombinant vector was constructed succeed. Gene sequence of FLE of Gloydius saxatilis was cloned successfully, the sequence was coding 257 animo acids and deduced its molecular weight was 30 KDa. The experiment will provide help for future research in eukaryotic expression.

  The Change law in Body weight/length without viscera index of Apodemus chevieri 2011, 27 (14):  22-26.  Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 550833KB )   ( 1028 ) We use the ratio between body weight without viscera and body length without viscera as the body weight/length without viscera index (KWL′). We analyzed the body weight/length without viscera index of 285 samples of Apodemus chevieri (138 female, 147 male) which were captured in Dafang County, Guizhou provience from 2008 to 2010. The body weight/length without viscera index were between 1.38 g/cm and 3.32 g/cm. The average is (1.90±0.32) g/cm. The results show that there is significant variation in the index between male and female and the variation in different environment is not significant. There is significant variation in the index among different age groups. The body weight/length without viscera index increased with the growth of population age. The body weight/length without viscera index varied significantly by season and the change trend is spring>autumn>summer>winter. The body weight/length without viscera index is closely related with population reproduction. This can be used as reference to forecast the changes of population density.

  Effects of Growth Traits and Grass Yield of Alfalfa in Different Sowing Dates 2011, 27 (14):  27-30.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 545331KB )   ( 1209 ) By means of randomized block design, a study on the effect of seeding stage, emergence rate, winter survival rate plant height and phenology and grass yield of 2 consecutive years, and the following year with FW/DW Ratio, Stem/Leaf Ratio of alfalfa was conducted under different sowing dates in Saiwusu, Ordos, in 2009. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation among emergence stage, emergence rate and sowing dates; when it was given a earlier sowing dates, the root crown would be more thicker, and its depth would be deeper, and the wintering ability in the very year would also be stronger; growth period would be earlier followed with the earlier sowing dates; when it was sowed earlier, the higher grass yield of the first year would be higher. Different sowing dates made little influence on FW/DW Ratio, Stem/Leaf Ratio. The local optimum sowing dates was autumn(before Mid-September).

  Analysis of Correlation Between Seed-Associated Fungi and SeedVigor of Indian Lettuce 2011, 27 (14):  31-34.  Abstract + ( 1356 )   PDF ( 574869KB )   ( 1170 ) Abstract：【Objective】]The aim of this study is to identify the seed-associated fungi of indian lettuce and discuss the correlation between seed-associated fungi and seed igor．【Method】Seed samples of three different sources were collected and storaged , analyzed for seed—associated fungi by washing test and PDA test，meanwhile seed vigor of 3 seeds were evaluated． 【Result】The result indicated :Significant difference of internal and outside fungus quantity and variety had been figured out between 3 seeds with different source. Fusarium sp．. Aspergillus sp，Penicillium sp．,Fusarium sp. Cladosporium sp．were main species of seed associated fungi on seed surface．The mainly isolated fungi inside seeds were Aspergillus sp.， Penicillium sp.， Fusarium sp. ， Pullularia sp..The fungi quantity isolated form the seed by storage 12 months were all fewer than prestoraged, and they had not exist significant difference,but the seed vigor had significant difference(P<0.05).【Conclusion】] Based on the analysis of correlation between fungi quantity isolated from seed and seed vigor,it was presumed that the fungi quantity might have an negative effect on seed vigor．

  Cloning and sequence analysis of mannan-binding lectin C promoter from Landrace 2011, 27 (14):  35-39.  Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 657665KB )   ( 1038 ) Abstract: A pair of primers were designed according to the promoter region of from porcine mannose-binding lectin C published in GenBank, the promoter region of MBL-C from Landrace’s liver was acquired successfully by RT-PCR. There were 2030 bp in the sequence, three SNPs were found in the sequence,namely,at the position-1636 T,-1614A,-251C, it had one mutation at the position -251,from A to C. The study will provide base for analyzing promoter polymorphism of pMBL-C .

  Prokaryotic Expression and Purification of Early Pregnancy Factor Protein 2011, 27 (14):  40-44.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 1210144KB )   ( 1266 ) Early pregnancy factor (EPF) is a pregnancy-associated protein that has immune-suppressive and growth-regulatory activities. It is regarded as a biochemical index by which super-early pregnancy can be determined. The objective of the study was to express the recombinant EPF protein in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The EPF gene amplified by PCR was sub-cloned into a pGEX-6P-1 vector fused with GST gene to construct a recombinant plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was then transformed into E. coli BL21.The expression of recombinant protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot after induction by IPTG. The recombinant protein was purified by high-affinity GST resin chromatography. The prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX6P-EPF for producing EPF protein was constructed and the recombinant protein with a molecular weight of 37.3 kDa was expressed successfully in E. coli, which was recognized by the anti-GST monoclonal antibody in Western blot analysis. The recombinant EPF protein was obtained after GST affinity purification.

  Regulative effects of Bufonis Parenteral on immunosuppression in mice 2011, 27 (14):  45-49.  Abstract + ( 1542 )   PDF ( 747277KB )   ( 1094 ) Abstract: In the present study, regulative effects of bufonis parenteral sloution on ?orfenicol-induced immunosuppression in mice were evaluated. Animal model of ?orfenicol-induced immunosuppression was made. Slpeens were weighted and calculated weight index. OVA-speci?c IgG, IgG1, IgG2b were measured by ELISA，splenocytes were harvested for determining lymphocyte proliferation and spleen lymphocyte secrete cytokines were measured by ELISA method. The results showed that bufonis parenteral solution could increase the weight and the level of antibody. Bufonis parenteral solution treated combined with polyclonal T cell mitogen (Con A or LPS) in a certain dose range, the effects significantly enhanced the proliferation. Bufonis parenteral solution also induce cytokines secretion in vivo. The results indicated that bufonis parenteral solution possessed the regulative effects on ?orfenicol-induced immunosuppression in mice.

  Histological Studies on the Development of Digestive system In Larval and Juvenile Starry Flounder 2011, 27 (14):  50-54.  Abstract + ( 1476 )   PDF ( 779192KB )   ( 1145 ) A histological examination was made on the development of digestive system in larval and juvenile starry flounder Platichthys stellatus Pallas from 1 day to 35 days. In 3 days, the digestive tract in the larvae was formed but no food was intaken when the starry flounde was in endotrophic stage. In 3-5 days , the mixotrophic stage which was the transition from endo- trophic stage to exdoerophic stage, the yolk was absorbed fairly well and disappesred , while the digestive tract was differentiated into six portions: buccopharynnx, soesophagus , stomach , anterior- middleinte- stine , posterior intestine and anus. The larval digestive system was morphologically ready to be absorbed to food at this time. Then , these digestive tract and associated glands became mature gradually with the development. Gastric glands were observed in 16 days , which indicates he was a kind of fish faster development.

  Advance in Differential Proteomics of Edible Fungi 2011, 27 (14):  55-59.  Abstract + ( 1150 )   PDF ( 516036KB )   ( 1339 ) Differential proteomics is one of the strategies in proteomics research. This article introduced the main technologies and methods of researching differential proteomics in edible fungi, and outlined the advance of domestic and international researching differential proteomics in edible fungi. It was pointed out that differential proteomics was one powerful tool for future research in edible fungi.

  Effect of Phosphorus on the Content of Dietary Fiber in Different Soybean Varieties 2011, 27 (14):  60-63.  Abstract + ( 1169 )   PDF ( 642294KB )   ( 927 ) In this study, the effect of phosphorus on the content of dietary fiber in different soybean varieties was analyzed. The best phosphorus level of different genotype soybean varieties was explored, in order to increase the content of dietary fiber and improve their qualities. Three soybean varieties (‘heinong-48’, high-protein cultivar; ‘heinong-37’, middle cultivar; and ‘heinong-44’, high-oil cultivar) were investigated. The soybean seeds were planted in pots and fertilized with 0.033 g of nitrogen (N) and potassium oxide (K2O) per kilogram soil. Four levels of phosphorus (P) treatments were designed, which were P1, P2, P3 and P4 (i.e., 0, 0.033, 0.067, 0.100 g of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) per kilogram of soil). The content of dietary fiber in different soybean varieties was determined by Enzyme-gravimetric method. In the same variety of soybean, the content of total dietary fiber under the P3 treatment was significantly higher than that of P1, P2 and P4 treatments. The content of total dietary fiber under the P3 treatment in the three soybean varieties (‘heinong-37’; ‘heinong-44’; ‘heinong-48’) compared to the control group was increased by 6.45%, 4.86%, 7.65%, respectively. It showed that the content of total dietary fiber in ‘heinong-44’ was the highest under the same treatment in different soybean varieties. Significant difference was observed in the content of dietary fiber between the three varieties and levels of P treatments. In the 12 treatments combinations, the content of total dietary fiber in ‘heinong-44’ was the highest under the P3 treatment. These findings suggest that phosphorus affects the total content of dietary fiber in the three soybean varieties, and appropriate amounts of P fertilization might contribute to improving the content of dietary fiber.

  Studies on the Isolation, Identification and Growth Characteristics of the Yeast in Myrica rubra Juice 2011, 27 (14):  64-68.  Abstract + ( 1508 )   PDF ( 664377KB )   ( 1753 ) In order to achieve qulity yeast for Myrica rubra wine, a strain of Y-9 was isolated from the natural fermented Myrica rubra juice. In this paper, the morphological identification of yeast, and other physiological and biochemical tests. The results showed that Y-9 was Brettanomyces lambicus. The growth characteristics of the selected yeast in malt extract was studied. The optimum growth temperature was 34℃, while the minimum and maximum growth temperatures were 10℃ and 39℃ respectively. The optimum growth pH value was 4.5, while the minimum and maximum growth pH values were 2.5 and 9.5 respectively. The maximum concentration of ethanol permitting growth was 14%.

  Reserch on Non-Aluminum Alum Substitute for Making Deep-Fried Dough Stick 2011, 27 (14):  69-72.  Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 580011KB )   ( 1320 ) Deep-fried dough stick have been made by the contrast between using non-aluminum alum substitute from using alum. Three different concentrations of saleratus, glucono-δ-lactone, potassium bitartrate and calcium biphosphote were tested with orthogonal design L9(34) for their optimal effect on the qualities of deep-fried dough stick. The results showed that the force of saleratus concentration was the greatest and the calcium biphosphote concentration was less than saleratus concentration and the concentration of potassium bitartrate was more effective than glucono-δ-lactone on the volume expanding rate and sensory scores of deep-fried dough stick. The optimum compounding for non-aluminum alum substitute was saleratus 3.2%, glucono-δ -lactone 3.2%, potassium bitartrate 0.4% and calcium biphosphote 0.8%. The deep-fried dough stick made by using non-aluminum alum substitute is better than that made by using alum in both volume expanding rate and sensory scores. So the non-aluminum alum substitute can replace the alum completely and it can save much time, more convenience and more quality safe when it was used to make deep-fried dough stick.

  Effects of Several Chinese Herbal Medicine Extracts on Growth Curve of Salmonella 2011, 27 (14):  73-76.  Abstract + ( 1333 )   PDF ( 618165KB )   ( 1250 ) In order to discuss the herbal extracts the growth cycle of salmonella influence, spectrophotometry was used to tested the density of different growth stages of bacteria. The growth curve compared with the control group. Ethanol extraction method selected from 28 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine significantly inhibitory effect of 4 kinds of Chinese herbs: radix scutellariae, cortex fraxini, wintergreen and radix sophorae tonkinesis. Further study four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine on the growth curve of Salmonella, with two times the dilution of the four Chinese determinations of salmonella minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The results showed that: radix scutellariae and wintergreen had obvious antimicrobial effect, compared with the control group, radix scutellariae delay period was extended, the logarithmic phase was shortened; the delay period and logarithmic phase of wintergreen group were shortened. In the late of stable, cortex fraxini and wintergreen would promote cell growth.

  Studies on Antioxidative Activities of Different Polarity Fractions of Extract from Arundina graminifolia 2011, 27 (14):  77-81.  Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 717537KB )   ( 1136 ) To investigate the antioxidant activities in vitro of different polarity fractions of extract from Arundina graminifolia, different polarities of extracts were obtained by using different polaritiy solvents, such as chloroform, ethyl acetate, normal butyl alcohol. The content of bioactive materials was detected by absorption spectroscopy. Scavenging activities for hydroxyl radicals (?OH) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were used to do evaluate antioxidant activities of different polarity fractions. Different polarity fractions of extract from Arundina graminifolia were observed antioxidant activities, and existed concentration-effect relationships. Four fractions had different antioxidant effects in different reaction systems. The same quality of chloroform, concentration of ethyl acetate, l-butanal and rutin slightly higher than the water phase constrast, rutin under the same quality of concentration. The extracts in ethyl acetate had the strongest antioxidant effect.

  Synthesis of an Antigen of Para Red and Production of Polyclonal Antibody specific for Para Red 2011, 27 (14):  82-86.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 872656KB )   ( 1134 ) To prepare a polyclonal antibody (pAb) specific for Para Red. Hapten Para Red was coupled with carrier protein of cationed bovine serum albumin (cBSA) to form a complete antigen by mixed anhydride methods. The conjugates used to immunize Japanese white rabbits were identified with UV scanning spectrum and the specificity of pAb was detected by indirect ELISA and in indirect compete ELISA(icELISA). The couple rate of the antigen was 14:1, the titer of pAb was 1×106and the detection limit in term of 50% inhibition rate was 7.43 ng/ml in the linear range of 0.1ng/ml~1μg/ml. The cross-reaction rate between para red and pAb was 100% and was 97.8% between Sudan I and pAb.there was very lower cross-reaction between pAb and para red analogs. The anti-Para Red polyclonal antibody had a high specificity and was good enough for immunoassay of para red in edible food products.

  Study on the Enzymatic Preparation and Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Activity of Collagen Peptide from Plaice Skin 2011, 27 (14):  87-93.  Abstract + ( 1400 )   PDF ( 1514831KB )   ( 1149 ) Alcalase was used to hydrolyze plaice skin for preparing collagen peptide, and the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of this collagen peptide was studied. Effect of the different enzymatic hydrolysis conditions on superoxide anion radical scavenging activity were analyzed by single factor experiment and response surface method. The optimal hydrolytic conditions of plaice skin collagen using Alcalase with high scavenging rate were pH=9.5, enzyme dosage 1581 U/g, concentration of substrate 10 mg/mL, hydrolysis time 6 h，temperature 60℃. The maximum scavenging rate of 75.51% and half scavenging concentration (IC50) of 7.98 mg/mL were obtained.

  Analysis of Edible Mushroom Residue Recycling Model Based on Jintang County in Chengdu City 2011, 27 (14):  94-99.  Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 672794KB )   ( 1899 ) In order to optimize the recycling of edible mushroom residue and broaden the channels and area, based on the spot research of the present situation of edible mushroom residue treatment in Jintang county, the author had concluded the recycling models of edible mushroom residue in Jintang county into four kinds of patterns: the ingredient cycle, the feed cycle, the fertilizer cycle and the fuel cycle, summarized these problems: the weakness of agricultural science and technology, the weakness of the efforts to intensive treatment, secondary pollution caused by improper handling, the weakness of the cyclic consciousness of farmers engaged in cultivation and so on, which existed in the edible mushroom residue recycling model, and objectively put forward some suggestions: strengthening the publicity for mushroom residue recycling, providing scientific and logistical support, scientifically planning industrial parks, supporting leading enterprises and so on.

  Study on the Processing Condition of Extracting Total Flavonoids from Shaddock Peel 2011, 27 (14):  100-103.  Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 569112KB )   ( 1366 ) The optimal processing condition of extracting total flavonoids was studied by using shaddock peel as raw material, with alcohol extraction method. The result showed that the extraction rate of total flavonoids reached 0.607% at the optimal processing condition: extraction temperature 90℃, extraction time 2 h, alcohol concentration 50%, dilution multiple 20.

  The Agricultural Households’ Production and Operation Status Quo, and Their Perception and Response to Climate Change in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone: Based on the Survey Research in Linxi County, Inner Mongolia 2011, 27 (14):  104-112.  Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 1289627KB )   ( 1125 )

  The Analysis of Ecosystem Service Values Based on Agricultural Land Use Change -Taking the Xiangyuan County of Shanxi Province as an Example 2011, 27 (14):  113-117.  Abstract + ( 1350 )   PDF ( 614226KB )   ( 948 ) Because the urban construction land use generated the ecological problems, in order to solve these problems more intuitively and scientifically, the author took the xiangyuan county of shanxi province as an example, based on analyzing various land use types of the agricultural land, and calculated the ecosystem service values of agricultural land. The results showed that in the recent 10 years, cultivated land, garden and grassland in the study area reduced, but through the implementation of forest and strict farmland protection system and other measures, the forest land area increased, so that when agricultural production increased 79 million Yuan, the ecosystem service values of agricultural land added 0.11 million Yuan. It explained that through the structural adjustment, the land use change of agricultural land had not affected the ecological environment. With the increasing demand in the land, the study area of agricultural land owned ecological environment in a virtuous cycle, resources and environment state of agricultural land meeted certain social and economic development needs.

  The Models of the Cooperative Economy of Low Carbon and Circular Agriculture and the Ecological Civilization Construction in Mountainous Area 2011, 27 (14):  118-122.  Abstract + ( 1190 )   PDF ( 594259KB )   ( 1117 ) In order to change the situation of low income and lag economy in the rural village of the southern mountain, the agriculture bureau of Zibo city positively developed the cooperative economy of low carbon agriculture with the application of the technologies, ideas and strategies of circular agriculture closely based on the advantages of regional ecological resources. And made the models of the cooperative economy of the low carbon and circular agri-tourism focusing on Qi culture core, the cooperative economy of the high quality, low carbon and circular apple through adding ring and prolonging chain, the cooperative economy of expanding the external flower mushroom trade flexibility using the rural stress environment, and the cooperative economy of developing the metropolitan organic leeks with the agricultural technology integration of low carbon and circular agriculture. These models kept the harmony development of cooperative economy of the low carbon and circular agriculture and the construction of conservation culture in mountainous area, which did a great contribution to the building of the new rural village, agricultural efficiency and farmer income, which had the good reference and learn value and provided the guidance for the development and building of socialism new ecological rural village in mountainous area.

  Case Studies on Punctuation Error and Sentence Fragment in English Abstract of Agricultural Scientific Papers 2011, 27 (14):  123-126.  Abstract + ( 1225 )   PDF ( 460648KB )   ( 1172 ) This paper analyzes two typical errors in the English abstract of agricultural scientific papers, namely punctuation error and sentence fragment, by using many examples; it also proposes an effective measure to reduce such errors by the joint efforts of authors, reviewers and editors. It can provide reference for both authors and editors, improve the quality of English abstract of agricultural scientific papers, and speed up the development of agricultural scientific journals.

  Monitoring of Winter Wheat Area Based on Mono Temporal MERSI Data 2011, 27 (14):  127-131.  Abstract + ( 1280 )   PDF ( 1520418KB )   ( 1369 ) In this paper, the spectrum characteristics of different objects in Southern Shanxi was obtained through the combination of PPI (pixel purity index) extraction and practical verification that based on FY-3A MERSI 250 m data from visible to near-infrared. The identification of different objects was realized by the methods of supervised classification such as maximum likelihood and neural network, meanwhile, the winter wheat area was extracted by the mixed-pixel decomposition technique. The results indicated that the extraction of winter wheat area was feasible based on mono temporal of FY-3A MERSI data. The accuracy of winter wheat area extracted by neural network method was better than that of maximum likelihood, while the result of mixed-pixel was the closest to actual planting area.

  Based On the SWOT Analysis of Shanxi Agricultural Informatization Development Strategy 2011, 27 (14):  132-135.  Abstract + ( 1427 )   PDF ( 585845KB )   ( 1062 ) Briefly introduced the shaanxi agricultural informatization profiles, using SWOT method to shaanxi province agricultural informatization in the process of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats carries on the comprehensive analysis, and finally puts forward some relevant countermeasures and Suggestions.

  Discussion on Agricultural Land Circulation and Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor Force 2011, 27 (14):  136-141.  Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 674525KB )   ( 1287 ) The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem that large quantities of rural migrant workers under the employment problem combined with the circulation of agricultural land in financial crisis. Methods of theoretical analysis and literature analysis were employed. The results show that possibility and inevitability consist in the rural land circulation combined with the settlement of the rural surplus labor force. It is concluded that the adoption of land transfer, developing labor-intensive agriculture is the necessary solution to the transfer of rural surplus labor force.

  Farmers’ problems in the Rural Land Circulation —— A Case of ZhengZhou city 2011, 27 (14):  142-145.  Abstract + ( 1146 )   PDF ( 556044KB )   ( 1007 ) Abstract: The present work all over the land circulation in full swing, many documents are on the land circulation can bring more intensive management of agriculture and land use efficiency, most studies on the issue of farmers stay on remedial measures, and not to go into details about the land transfer in the presence of the peasants。The research group, found the rural land transfer issues hide in behind farmer problems, only solve the farmers problem, the land transfer issues will be solved.

  Analysis of Land Use Structure Difference in Rural Residential Areas and Potential Calculation about Typical Village in Ruijing City 2011, 27 (14):  146-150.  Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 599615KB )   ( 833 ) In order to optimize the internal structure and distribution of rural settlements to achieve sustainable land use, rural residential land consolidation is becoming an important means to achieve this strategy. Based on the analysis of differences in the internal structure of rural settlements, the author used the ‘Grade III’ system to calculate the average household in rural homestead on potential. The results showed that each rural residential areas existed the differences. Thus, it must take different measures for land consolidation, optimize the internal structure of the rural residential areas.

  Discussion on the Pension Security of China's Countryside "Empty-nest Family" 2011, 27 (14):  151-156.  Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 655268KB )   ( 1355 ) With the progress of economic and social development, financial security for the elderly of urban "Empty Nest" is not an issue. But the elderly of rural "empty nest" is facing more uncertainty in economic support, life care, comfort and other aspects. So the rural elderly may have more serious problems result from "Empty Nest". The article analyzed actual data from old-age security system gap between urban and rural areas, Further studied of the rural "Empty-nest Family" pension problem characteristics and the reasons. And proposed to promote rural economic development and building a new rural pension system, improve migrant workers protection measures etc, and with a view that it would be helpful to the solution of the rural "Empty-nest Family" pension security.

  Summarization on Study of the Fulfilling Achievements of Agriculture Preference Policy 2011, 27 (14):  157-160.  Abstract + ( 1543 )   PDF ( 511419KB )   ( 1265 ) Foreign researchers had studied formally and quantitatively on the agriculture support and protection. The Ministry of Agriculture and domestic researchers have been firstly studied the fulfilling achievements of agriculture preference policy using foreign system, index and model .With the 2004-2010 first-policy arise, Chinese agriculture preference policy formed gradually and the domestic study mainly transformed to fulfilling achievements of agriculture preference policy which included investing existing state, analyzing factors to low effect and countermeasures. All these have significances to improve he fulfilling achievements of agriculture preference policy. But which did not based on the farmers needs, in the mean time the system of fulfilling achievements did not constructed. All these will be the study impersonation in the future.

  The present of China agricultural machinery insurance and development 2011, 27 (14):  161-164.  Abstract + ( 1127 )   PDF ( 607144KB )   ( 1079 ) The papers studied the shortage and development of the insurance problem in the process of agricultural mechanization in china. With the improving of the agricultural mechanization level, agricultural machinery accident rate is raising, which the economic loss and the security of person becomes worse. But there are some shortages in the system development, variety configuration, market supervision, business operation, etc in the agricultural insurance. It is proposed to improve on the system, promotion, node, operations, to play the possible insurance role in rural development of China.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Vegetable Water-saving Technology Integration Mode in North China 2011, 27 (14):  165-170.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 661799KB )   ( 1100 ) In order to find the suitable promotion vegetable water-saving integrated technology in northern region, the author applied comprehensive evaluated vegetables agronomic water-saving technology integration mode by entropy method. The results showed that the cucumber membrane under furrow irrigation was the best, the cucumber drip irrigation was sub-optimal, cucumber no cover furrow irrigation was the worst, the tomato drip irrigation was the best, the tomato membrane under furrow irrigation was suboptimal, tomato no cover furrow irrigation was the worst. Membrane under furrow irrigation and drip irrigation was suitable to widely promote planting vegetable in northern region.

  Study on Eco-optimum Population of Southwest Karst Mountainous Area Based on Ecological Footprint Model -The Case of Guiyang City 2011, 27 (14):  175-180.  Abstract + ( 1249 )   PDF ( 800246KB )   ( 987 ) The city development needs objectively a modest and rational population capacity. The ecological optimum population of a city is decided by ecological capacity and population's need about the ecological resources in the city．Applying the ecological footprint (EF) method and taking the Guiyang city as an example, the author studied its ecological capacity for population scale by calculating ecological footprint and capacity. The results showed that Guiyang city was already in a state of ecological deficit and overpopulation. The contradiction between man and more prominent was obvious, and the current the population scale was very unreasonable．Therefore，the paper suggested that Guiyang city should control population increase firmly, protect arable land strictly, improve energy utilization efficiency and decrease energy consumption in order to enhance ecological capacity, reduce ecological deficit, relieve regional environmental population pressure and promote coordinated development among regional population, resources, environment, economy and society.

  Ecological Investigation of the Vegetation in the Paracel Islands 2011, 27 (14):  181-186.  Abstract + ( 1348 )   PDF ( 617881KB )   ( 1262 ) The vegetation of Paracel Islands was surveyed in this paper. A total of 310 vascular species belonging to 212 genera 82 families were found in the Paracel Islands and the dominant flora types was widespread tropical vegetation. The vegetation types on the islands are evergreen forest of coral islands, evergreen shrubs of coral islands, evergreen thorn- shrubs of coral islands and beach vegetation. Furthermore, the characteristics of vegetation in each island were also discussed in this paper and some advices were also given in order to the vegetation conservation and the islands exploitation.

  study on the ecological sensitivity evaluation GIS-based of the urban ecological park--A case of urban ecological park construction of Nandan County,Guangxi province 2011, 27 (14):  187-191.  Abstract + ( 1351 )   PDF ( 1434576KB )   ( 1044 ) By selecting and adopting six ecological sensitive evaluation factors of elevation, slope degree, aspect, vegetation cover, water, land cover types, with the support of highly accurate survey data, ecological environment investigation and the GIS technology, this paper aimed at analyzing and comprehensively evaluating the ecological environment sensitivity of the researched territory located in Nandan county, Guangxi province, around which the ecological system has been delegating. After having confirmed the weight of each factor, it displayed that there were 14.73% of extremely sensitive areas, 53.90% of highly sensitive areas, 24.36% of moderately sensitive areas, 2.87% of low sensitive areas and 4.14% of non-sensitive areas. The former three sensitive areas were of 92.99% of the entire region, which demonstrated that the researched region was likely to suffer from ecological environment problems, for example, the vegetation degradation, soil erosion, etc.

  The Research of "Three Grades of" base on GIS Technology 2011, 27 (14):  192-194.  Abstract + ( 1087 )   PDF ( 571055KB )   ( 899 ) Building the evaluation unit with GIS technology, select single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index to analysis the base of "Three Grades". On this basis, from the surrounding environmental conditions, road conditions, farmland soil quality, industrial development conditions, economy and society level constructed evaluation system. It can reference for the planning and layout of base of "Three Grades".

  The Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation in Xilinhaote Area 2011, 27 (14):  195-199.  Abstract + ( 1262 )   PDF ( 681482KB )   ( 965 ) To understand the changes of solar ultraviolet radiation in Xilinhaote area and to study the global solar ultraviolet radiation to provide a reliable basis and reference for the foundation. According to the 2007-2009 global solar radiation and UV radiation observation data from Xilinhaote national climate observatory, the author used mathematical statistical methods and analyzed UV-B solar extreme ultraviolet radiation of Xilinhaote region. The results showed that: solar UV radiation was a part of global solar radiation, and the daily extreme came in around 12:30 or cloudy day. Small radiation occurred in the morning and evening, big in the lunch, and the overall change in the range of 0.01-3.05 W/m2. Annul extreme came only in sunny winter, spring, summer, and cloudy autumn, maximum in July for the 3.05 W/m2. Extreme ultraviolet radiation in Xilinhaote region at instantaneous change of the main trends and seasonal variation were consistent with the global solar radiation, extreme transient could appear in a cloudy day under any weather conditions, UV radiation intensity throughout the year changed in the safe range.

  Distribution Characteristics of Urban Heat Island in Changsha City WU Yao-Xing 2011, 27 (14):  200-204.  Abstract + ( 1321 )   PDF ( 566378KB )   ( 1011 ) The authors studied distribution characteristics of time on intensity of urban heat island in Changsha City. The authors used the meteorological observation data from observation stations of the urban and suburban in Changsha City. By statistical analysis, the results showed that: (1) the annual average heat island intensity was 0.92℃, annual average changed between the 0.76-1.46℃ during the last 21 years from 1988 to 2008. (2) The seasonal variation of intensity of urban heat island manifested as that autumn was stronger than winter than spring than summer. (3)The intensity of urban heat island in nighttime was stronger than in daytime during summer season. The conclusion showed that: annual variation of intensity of urban heat island was consistent with the processing of urban construction. The temperatures of urban and suburban increased simultaneously, and the intensity of urban heat island had been enhancing year by year in the nearly 20 years, the reason were global warming and the impact of human activities.

  Analysis on the Variatiion Character of Temperature and Precipitation and Abrupt Change in Heilongjiang in Recent 56 Years 2011, 27 (14):  205-209.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 831543KB )   ( 961 ) Abstract:Utilizing the temperature and precipitation date of 14 stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1954 to 2009,climate trend coefficient and simple regression analysis,the trend of climate change was analyzed.The results showed that the general temperature change tendency was increasing,yet the general precipitation tendency was decreasing;seasonal temperature showed upward trend,the biggest temperature heat was spring;the spring precipitation was increasing,but autumn,summer and winter were declining,the most obvious downward trend in precipitation appeared in autumn.On this basis,using climate elements cumulative test curve and test signal of noise ratio(S/N) to analyze climate mutation.The result showed that the temperature mutation appeared in 1987 and the precipitation mutation appeared in 1963、1979 and 1994,but all of them were not obvious.

  Study on the Relationships between Meteorological Factors and Rice Yield in Yancheng 2011, 27 (14):  210-213.  Abstract + ( 1279 )   PDF ( 530548KB )   ( 864 ) In order to analysis the relationship between meteorological and rice yield, and ascertain the high-low yield in different years, the main climatic factors during the whole growth stage of rice in 2001-2009 of Yancheng were analyzed and evaluated by identical and different analysis method. The results indicated that: 2001, 2002 and 2004 were high yield years; 2005, 2008 and 2009 were normal yield years; 2003, 2006 and 2007 were low-yield years, and compared with the actual yield of the same year, their results were similar. Meanwhile, it also proved the application value of identical and different analysis method.

  Analysis on Physicochemical Property of Snow Water Sediments of Jilin Province 2011, 27 (14):  214-220.  Abstract + ( 965 )   PDF ( 933005KB )   ( 770 ) In order to investigate the impact of sediment in snow water on the soil ecological environment, the authors analyzed the particle composition, mineral composition, soluble ions and organic carbon which fromed sediment in snow water of Changchun, Baichen, Yanji, JiLin by X-ray diffraction, chemical methods. The results showed that the mainly particle size of sediment in snow water was <2 μm. The order of average content was: (<2 μm)>(>200 μm)>(20-200 μm)>(2-20 μm). The major primary mineral of sediment in snow water were quartz, feldspar, clay mineral composed by montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, vermiculite. In atmospheric snow (SO42-+NO3-)/(Ca2++NH4+) was 1.38, with more strong neutrality to acid, it would not occur acid rain and would not impact on the environment. The organic carbon of sediment in snow water was higher, average content was 52.85 g/kg.

  Strategy and Recommendations on Sustainable Development of Water Resources in China 2011, 27 (14):  221-226.  Abstract + ( 1329 )   PDF ( 611590KB )   ( 1086 ) To further advance the sustainable development of water resources, based on the investigation and analysis of China's water resources situation, drawing upon the experience of the developed countries and the previous research, the study integrates the development, protection, management and utilization of the water resources with the legislation, administration, technical innovation, concept change and national action with the systematic, overall, prospective and comprehensive view, the author put forward the solutions and suggestions to advance the sustainable development of water resources. Further accelerating the process of water resources legislation, standardizing and improving the management measures, depending on the science and technology progress, holding the science and technology development concept, improving the water resources development and management level, those are the basic requirement and system guarantee to realize the sustainable utilization of water resources and support the economic and social sustainable development. Continuously improving the water environment and water utilization concept, advocating ‘build an economized society’, meeting the water resources development by ‘practice economy, controlling pollution and developing resources’, taking a series of strategies, realizing the national action, creating an atmosphere of efficient using and scientific managing the water resources in the whole society, those are the effective measures and basic guarantee of improving the sustainable utilization of water resources and benefit all lives of the world. Water resources will be full of meaning and reflecting the performance efficiency of the scientific development, efficient utilization, systemic management and effective protection when the system and action are highly integrated, and the integrated measures effect at the same time. That is the core and key on the concept of major adjustment of the water management.

  Analysis of Balanced Water Supply and Demand in the Longji Terraced Field Regulation of Longsheng County, Guilin 2011, 27 (14):  227-232.  Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 677249KB )   ( 1025 ) Analysis of balanced water supply and demand is an important basis of the planning of cultivated land regulation project. According to the irrigated characteristics of Longji terraced field, the author gave full consideration the water providing by forest and calculated every month’s water supply quantity and water requirement for Longji terraced field regulation project area. The results showed that through strengthening water conservancy infrastructure construction and improving canal-system water use efficiency in project area, the total water resource of project area met the water demand of farmland irrigation and domestic dater, the study provided scientific basis for developing Longji terraced field regulation, also provided reference for the analysis of balanced water supply and demand in similar area.

  Removal of Phosphorus from Eutrophic Water by Aluminum Sulfate and the Influencing Factors 2011, 27 (14):  233-239.  Abstract + ( 1588 )   PDF ( 715915KB )   ( 898 ) In order to solve the problem of eutrophication in China, aluminum sulfate as an effective adsorbent used to absorption of total phosphorus in water. Through the laboratory simulation test, by equilibrium adsorption method, the author investigated the effect on the adsorption under different environmental factors as the dosage of aluminum sulfate, pH, shaking time, temperature, disturbance and so on. The results showed that with the dosage of aluminum sulfate was 0.2 mg/L ,the pH was 7, the shock time was 120 min, the best adsorption of the removal rate could reach 80% or more. Among different factors, aluminum sulfate on the phosphorus of adsorption analysis indicated that adding an appropriate amount of aluminum sulfate could reduce the phosphorus content in water, the adsorption on temperature, pH, shock time was sensitive. That was to provide a favorable basis for solving the problem of water environment in China.

  Adsorption Characteristics of Copper in Water Solution onto Zeolite 2011, 27 (14):  240-243.  Abstract + ( 1442 )   PDF ( 649635KB )   ( 972 ) Zeolite is an extensively used inorganic material for control and remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. In order to explore the passivation mechanism of Cu2+ by zeolite, the batch experiments were conducted to investigate adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics characteristics of Cu2+ in water solution onto zeolite. Results showed adsorption equilibrium data were well significantly fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the process belonged to favorable adsorption. The theoretical saturated capacity was 3.839 g Cu/kg. Lagergren’s pseudo-second-order, Elovich and two-constant kinetic models were found to best represent the adsorption data, which was a rapid adsorption process. Kinetic analysis demonstrated the film liquid diffusion process was the essential rate-controlling step. Positive △H, △S and negative △G indicated the adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic and entropy driven.

  Pollution Investigation and Assessment of Heavy Metals in Orchard Soil——A Case Study in Golden Orchard of Chongqing 2011, 27 (14):  244-249.  Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 636532KB )   ( 1164 ) In this paper, the contents of heavy metals in soil profile of Golden Orchard in Chongqing were monitored, and pollution assessment was performed by using pollution indices based on soil environmental quality standard of producing area of green foods. The results showed that the single factor pollution indices of Cd in each park were higher than that of other heavy metals, 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers in loquat garden and grape garden, 0~20 cm soil layer in peach garden reached lightly polluted. The content of Cd in 20~40 cm soil layer in pear garden and blood orange garden, 0~20 cm soil layer in navel orange garden and cherry garden reached alert level. In addition, the contents of Pb in 0~20 cm soil layer in loquat garden and peach garden were also in alert level. Nemerow pollution indices of the soil in pear garden, mandarin orange garden, jujube garden, cherry garden, blood orange garden and navel orange garden were all less than 0.7, and soil environmental quality was judged as clean; Nemerow pollution indices of 0~20 cm soil layer in loquat garden, peach garden, grape garden was in the range of 0.7~1, and soil environmental quality was judged as nearly clean. Pollution investigation and evaluation results indicated the orchard should be taken measures to control Cd and Pb pollution in soil so as to improve fruit quality further.

  Residue Dynamics Of S-metolachlor in Sunflower and SoiI 2011, 27 (14):  250-252.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 568925KB )   ( 788 ) Abstract：Field trail for S-metolachlor residue in sunflower and soil were conducted in Beijing and Jilin province，respectively.The results showed that the half-1ife of degradation for S-metolachlor was 5.10d in plant of sunflower, 9.83d in soil in Beijing. The half-life of degradation for S-metolachlor in Jilin was 11.89 d in plant of sunflower，7.21 d in soil．Two-year and two-area results showed that the terminal residues in sunflower field samples were lower than MRL(0.1 mg/kg). When S-metolachlor was applied to the sunflower seed field ecosystem at the recommended dosaged, the sunflower harvested coule be sonsidered safe.

  Community Structure and Diversity of Soil Animals in Vegetable Greenhouse 2011, 27 (14):  253-256.  Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 609253KB )   ( 831 ) Reference materials were obtained by studying the diversity of soil animals for maintaining the health of greenhouse vegetables. Community structure of soil fauna in vegetable greenhouses was studied. The soil macrofauna were picked up by hands from different soil layers and the mesofauna were separated by tullgren method. Totally, 180 soil samples of 5 different greenhouses and 3442 individuals belonging to 13 orders were collected. The dominant groups were Parasiformes and Collembola, accounting for 87% of the total, the common groups were Lumbricida and Acariformes, and the rare groups the others. The results showed that the individual number of soil fauna varied with soil depth and most focus on the surface. Diversity index increased with evenness index, and decreased with dominance index.

  Fluctuation Analysis on Cultivated Area in Henan Province Since the Reform 2011, 27 (14):  257-261.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 679720KB )   ( 973 ) Food problem is our country's strategic problem. The cultivated land is the base of food production. As an important agricultural province, the change of the cultivated land attracts the attention in Henan Province. Through the surplus method, fluctuation of the cultivated area in Henan Province is analyzed. The paper gets the results: Since 1978 the cultivated area experienced three stages, reduction-increase-stability. The fluctuation is a classical fluctuation and the fluctuation cycle is middle or short. The relationship between the cultivated area and the factor should be studied.

  Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Nutrients Conditions in Cultivated Land A Case Study of Taiyuan 2011, 27 (14):  262-266.  Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 598432KB )   ( 1091 ) In order to explore the effects of lands use types on soil nutrients and instruct agricultural production, protection and sustainable use of land resources, the impact of land use types on soil nutrient conditions was analyzed systematically in Taiyuan. The results showed that soil total nitrogen, organic matter, available P , available K and available Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe were significantly affected by land use types, and available phosphorus and available potassium had the biggest coefficients of variation. However, total nitrogen and organic matter had the lowest values. The average contents of soil total nitrogen, organic matter and micronutrients: maize land＞wheat land＞orchard＞forest land＞potato land, available P and available K were: maize land＞wheat land＞orchard＞tomato land＞forest land. Most of the lands in taiyuan belonged to low fertility soils, and were effected by economic efficiency and farming activities, soil nutrients content differed significantly of different types use of lands.

  The Analysis of Changing of Rural Collective Construction Land Use of Shuangjiang Town 2011, 27 (14):  267-272.  Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 790832KB )   ( 902 ) The analysis of land use changing is conductive to manage rural collective construction land scientifically. Shuangjiang town was selected as the research object in this paper. The database of rural collective construction land use was constructed with current land use data from 2001 to 2009 and field survey data. In order to reveal the variation in quantity, structure and layout of rural collective land use, the methods of questionnaire, documents and materials, expert consultation and GIS were adopted. The results showed that:(1) the scale of rural collective construction land of shuangjiang was in proportion to its population; there were much uninhabited homestead which could be reclaimed; (2) Infrastructure construction could not still satisfy the production and living need of farmers because of the unbalanced development of all kinds of land use; (3) Although the layout was transited from scattering to concentration, concentration was still slow and inefficient. So some measures should be insisted:(1) using land economically and intensively and carrying out reclamation on rural housing; (2) improving the structure of rural collective construction land to strengthen the protection of infrastructure construction; (3) optimizing of the layout, such as construction of new countries.

  Optimization Research on the Planning Program of Territorial Management in Rural Areas -A Case Study of Yangliu, Chongqing 2011, 27 (14):  273-276.  Abstract + ( 1163 )   PDF ( 644337KB )   ( 835 ) In order to choose the best scheme in the improvement plans, the author took the yangliu project in the bashan town, zhong county, chongqing city as an case. The main factors which impacted the optimization were quantified by AHP and the model was constructed. The results showed that the total permutation of the second plan, which was 0.532, ranked first among the three scenarios; the third plan, which was 0.346, ranked middle; and the first plan, which was 0.122, ranked the lowest level. The second plan was the optimal one in the willow improvement programs. Also it showed that it was feasible to select the optimal of rural land planning scheme plan using AHP.

  Research on the Potential Size of Land Banking in Kaifeng 2011, 27 (14):  277-281.  Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 665945KB )   ( 1207 ) Reasonable land reserve scale can not only ensure the development of social economy, also can avoid land resources idle and wasted, so it is significant to study the scale of the land banking. The author used GM(1,1) model to predict the agricultural population and the demand scale of increasing town construction land by 2020 of Kaifeng, combine the 2006-2020 general land use planning of Kaifeng to predict the total supply scale of urban construction land at target year, and then base on the way of intensive and economical utilization to predict the saving potential of town construction land in the future, thus obtain the land reserve scale of Kaifeng on target year. According to the thinking of this research, it can measure the land reserve scale is 26036.22 hm2 (the scale of incremental land is 9990.35 hm2 and the stock land is 16045.87 hm2) of Kaifeng in 2020. It has important actual significance for reinvigorating the stock land preferentially and controlling construction urban expansion effectively.

  The Status, Hazards and Handling of Endocrine Disruptors in the Rural Environment 2011, 27 (14):  282-285.  Abstract + ( 1253 )   PDF ( 545425KB )   ( 1327 ) A large number of chemical fertilizers, pesticide, preservative, additive, detergent, hormone medicine, etc. used massively in rural environment, a lot of endocrine are still permanent pollutant, their significant and potentially very harmful. The current study focused only on high concentration of endocrine disruptors on environmental and ecological hazards caused. But the endocrine disruptors (or called class hormone substance) where in the rural environment, which concentrations are lower, and are often complicated ingredients, and existence range large, which study is less in the current. Because of some material existing synergies effect at lower doses, can either show toxicology effect, so the harm can not allow to be ignored. This article is about the source, state and processing measure of the endocrine disruptors in the rural environment, which carries on to be comparatively deep research and summary. Aim at causing it to research of this domain and attention of management.

  Study on How to Develop Agro-tourism by Mallowˊs ierarchy of human Needs Theory 2011, 27 (14):  286-290.  Abstract + ( 1648 )   PDF ( 650112KB )   ( 1829 ) According to Mallowˊs hierarchy of human Needs Theory, agro-tourism is to satisfy peopleˊs physiological needs, security needs, and self-actualization needs. This paper comes up with the "functional umbrella" principle and provides the definition of "agro-tourism". Based on allowˊs hierarchy of human Needs Theory and analysis of the multifunctional and industrial nature of agro-tourism, this paper puts forward some ideas to develop agro-tourism as a manager and an operator (from the perspective of mangers and operators).

  Countermeasure on Beijing Suburb Leisure Agriculture Development 2011, 27 (14):  291-295.  Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 580271KB )   ( 770 ) This paper based on the actual research of suburb of Beijing leisure agriculture and international experience of rural tourism development in reference to study the leisure agriculture concept and stages of development. Through field visits, data collection and survey, the author understood and analyzed the current situation of Beijing leisure agricultural products and markets，then pointed out the existing problems. On this basis, proposed the development of leisure agriculture Beijing suburb of suggestions and countermeasures.

  The SWOT Analysis of Development for Wetlands Ecotourism in the City of Daqing 2011, 27 (14):  296-300.  Abstract + ( 1330 )   PDF ( 635034KB )   ( 1476 ) The wetland ecotourism is one of the best sustainable development modes on tourism under the background of the tourism development. This paper introduced the general situation of wetland in Daqing city, and analyzed all factors of wetland ecotourism development with the SWOT method. These were some prerequisites of wetland ecotourism development in Daqing city, such as landscape diversity, rich animal and plant resources, unique wetland in the centre of city and several birds’ nature reserves, and convenient traffic conditions etc. Meanwhile, the better opportunities came from the favorable conditions of the ecotourism development at home and abroad and strong support from local government, but existed some difficulties and problems about wetland protection, development and tourism management, and puts forward references to the development of eco-tourism in Daqing.