Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.30 Published:25 November 2011

  23

  Research Progress of Crude Material on Methane Ferment 2011, 27 (30):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 590424KB )   ( 1569 ) In order to broaden the usable range and developmental space of biogas production, promote rural ecoenergy industry's rapid development. This study reviews the research from home and abroad on methane fermenting raw materials, mainly aspects of methane fermentation from nitrogen-rich and carbon-rich raw materials and aquatic plants, agro-processing organic waste and wastewater, municipal waste and sanitary sewage were summarized, and the trend was predicted, in order to give references for further study and rational use of rural biogas.

  The Nitrogen Regulation on the Non-carbohydrate and Grain-plumpness in Rice Grain 2011, 27 (30):  6-11.  Abstract + ( 1338 )   PDF ( 1186354KB )   ( 1082 ) Under the field condition, two varieties (Indica and Japonica rice) were used to study the effects of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on the accumulation of soluble sugar and amylose content in super-grain and infer-grain of rice in order to increase grain-plumpness and improve rice quality. At the same time, the relationship between the ratio of the amylose content to amylopectin content and the grain plumpness of rice was discussed. The results showed that the change tendency of the soluble sugar was described as “L” in superior and inferior grain of rice with the growing stage. The soluble sugar content of the infer-grain was significantly higher than that of the super-grain and increased with the panicle nitrogen rising. In other words, the synthetic ability of the starch was declined with the panicle nitrogen increasing. The amylose content was basically growing in the whole grain-filling stage and decreased with the panicle nitrogen increasing. The average content of amylose in the Indica rice was higher than that of Japonica rice at the mature stage. The ratio of amylose content to amylopectin was increasing during grain-filling stage. However, the appearance time of the peak value of the ratio of amylose content to amylopectin content was different in the superior and inferior grain and most of the infer-grain was lagged behind the super-grain. Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the ratio of amylose content to amylopectin content and grain plumpness was significant or highly significant linear positively, which indicated that the grain plumpness can be increased with the enhancement of the ratio of amylose content to amylopectin content.

  Effects of Seedling-Strengthening Agent on Seedling Quality of Different Super Rice Genotypes 2011, 27 (30):  12-15.  Abstract + ( 1333 )   PDF ( 594545KB )   ( 1017 ) The experiment was carried out to find out the effect of seedling-strengthening agent (SSA) on the seedling growth of different super rice genotypes. In this experiment four super rice genotypes were used as experimental materials viz. one hybrid super rice var. ‘Liangyoupeijiu’ and three conventional super rice var. ‘Shengtaiyihao’, ‘Guinongzhan’ and ‘Yuxiangyouzhan’. The results indicated that SSA significantly influenced the seeding growth of different super rice genotypes. Compared with the CK, the treatments of applying SSR shortened the seedling height 22.06%-43.44%, increased the basal stem width 33.93%-126.50% and raised dry weight per unite plant height 33.93%-126.50%. Applying SSR also enormously strengthened the absorbing capability of seedling roots and increased activity of protective enzymes (Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)) in leaves, so as to strengthen the rice seedling.

  Analysis of Characteristics of the Change of Corn Climatic Potential Productivity in the Plain of the West-Liao River in 1951-2008 2011, 27 (30):  16-20.  Abstract + ( 1285 )   PDF ( 1122613KB )   ( 1058 ) To investigate the impact of climatic variation in potential maize productivity in the plain of the West-Liao River. By using mechanism method, the dynamic changes of photosynthetic productive potential, light-temperature potential productivity and climatic potential productivity were studied. The results indicated that: their change appeared a double wave pattern curves. Photosynthetic productive potential was down overall, and mutation declined in 1981, light-temperature potential productivity emerged the rise overall, mutation dropped in 1978 and mutated increased in 1997, climatic potential Productivity was fall overall, mutation increased in 1957. The difference of light-temperature potential productivity and climatic potential Productivity increased, it evidenced the constraints of precipitation to maize production increased in recent 58 years.

  Response of Roots and Leaves of Spring Maize to Water Stress during Seedling in Liaoning Province 2011, 27 (30):  21-26.  Abstract + ( 1544 )   PDF ( 772752KB )   ( 1113 ) Maize species called as ‘Danyu39’ was selected in the pot experiment. The effects of soil water contents under 6 treatment of different water supply (soil water contents reach 35%, 45%，55%, 65%, 75% and 85% of holard) on the growth of roots and leaves of spring maize were analyzed, in order to determine the quantitative assessment indices of water stress during seedling in Liaoning Province. The results indicated that: plant height, stem diameter and leaf area of spring maize were great under 75% and 85% of holard. The growth of spring maize was restrained under water stress (35%, 45%，55% of holard). For example, plant height, stem diameter, aboveground and belowground biomass and leaf area all decline, while root/shoot ratio increased. The proper drought (55% of holard) was favorable to the growth of roots, and root/shoot ratio could be increased. The effects of water stress on plant height and growth of roots of spring maize was significant, and its effect on aboveground biomass was larger than on belowground biomass.

  Comprehensive Effects of Degradable Plastic Film Mulching Cultivation for Maize in Semi-arid Region 2011, 27 (30):  27-31.  Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 772456KB )   ( 1043 ) The main problems of dry farming areas in Western Jilin Province are less annual precipitation, especially uneven seasonal distribution of precipitation in the maize production and the poor stability of yield. In this paper, the effect of mulch on the soil temperature, soil moisture, soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbe and yield of maize were studied. The results showed that mulching could significantly increase soil temperature, improved soil physical properties, soil nutrients and soil microbial activity, promoted the absorption of maize roots on soil moisture and nutrients, increased the yield of maize. The yield of degradation plastics film was increased 14.51% compared to the control. Degradable plastics film decomposed to level 6 in late July, the weight decreased 66.35%. Degradable film can reduce the pollution of the soil environment.

  Response of Low Phosphorus Condition on Different Genotypes of Maize 2011, 27 (30):  32-34.  Abstract + ( 1548 )   PDF ( 724693KB )   ( 1116 ) Based on different maize genotypes as material, using solution culture method, on maize seedling of different treatments [phosphor (+P), phosphorus (-P)], study the changes, such as maize chlorophyll content, acid phosphatase activity and root morphology index etc. The results showed that, in low phosphorus stress (-P), acid phosphatase and root morphological indicators of two maize varieties were significantly greater than normal P supply levels (+P), and chlorophyll content showed a downward trend. In addition, under the condition of low phosphorus, taproot length of phosphorus sensitive varieties 163 was much greater than that of the resistance phosphorus varieties 66, while the chlorophyll content and the activity of acid phosphatase of 66 were greater than that of 163. These results suggested that, adaptive responses in different maize genotypes under low phosphorus condition, and provide a theoretical reference for the further study of phosphorus starvation response gene in plant nutrition function.

  Effects of NaCl Stress on the Seed Vigour and Seedling Traits of Maize 2011, 27 (30):  35-38.  Abstract + ( 1587 )   PDF ( 643449KB )   ( 1060 ) In order to provide the reference data for salt-tolerant corn breeding, screening and identification, Filter paper culture method is adopted to analyze germination potential, germination rate, seed viability, seedling height, seedling weight, root fresh weight, root length and root weight under treatment with different NaCl concentrations among the four maize hybrids combinations. The results showed that germination potential, germination rate, seed viability, seedling height, seedling weight, root fresh weight, root length and root weight，all decreased under treatment with different NaCl concentrations. The denser NaCl concentrations were, the significant decline of the above data showed. The five salt tolerance traits classification of the hybridized combination 23 were higher than the other maize hybrid combinations except for the root length. The performance of the various traits of salt vary widely as well as the salt tolerance performances of the various maize hybrid combinations. The various traits were synthetically considered in screening and identifying salt resistance.

  Study on Characteristics of Water Demand and Water Consumption of Soybean in Albic Soil 2011, 27 (30):  39-42.  Abstract + ( 1249 )   PDF ( 1656836KB )   ( 1089 ) In order to investigate the water demand characteristics of soybean in albic soil, water consumption of soybean in specific environment of albic soil was studied with pot experiment of entire ablic soil layers in 2009-2010. The results indicated that: with the increase of water supply quantity of different water treatments, the soybean plant height, dry weight per plant and leaf area were all increased. Their increase ranges were increased with the development stages. The spectral reflectance curves were significant differences in the red and near infrared light, which reached maximum value in 1200 mm. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate were also showed an increase trend with the increase of water supply quantity. The 800-1000 mm water treatment was the best in synthesized performance of soybean physiological indexes.

  Different Responses of Conventional Cotton E8 and American Transgenic Bt Cotton ‘DP410B’ to Potassium at Seedling Stage 2011, 27 (30):  43-48.  Abstract + ( 1382 )   PDF ( 1024399KB )   ( 889 ) A solution experiment was conducted to compare the differences of the agronomic traits, dry matter and K accumulation and distribution in plant organs were studied between the transgenic Bt cotton ‘DP410B’ and the conventional cultivar ‘E8’. The culture solution K+ concentration was set the low K (K1, 2mg/L) and the appropriate K (K2, 20 mg/L) conditions. Under the same K level, the leaf number and chlorophyll content of Bt-transgenic ‘DP410B’ were higher than conventional cotton ‘E8’. Transgenic cotton had more dry matter allocated to roots, while ‘E8’ accumulated more in leaves. Potassium content of various organs and whole plant accumulation of potassium of Bt-transgenic ‘DP410B’ were greater than conventional ‘E8’. The distribution of potassium was different; the accumulation of potassium in roots and stems of the conventional cotton ‘E8’ was lower than the transgenic cotton at K2, while the accumulation of potassium in leaves was higher. Under the low potassium, the distribution proportions in each organ of two varieties were the same. Potassium efficiency of the conventional cotton ‘E8’ was 1.31 times that of the transgenic cotton, and K utilization index was also higher. These results indicated that K-use-efficiency of the conventional cotton ‘E8’ was higher, more resistant to low potassium stress. However, the yield potential of the conventional cotton ‘E8’ was little than the transgenic cotton.

  Analysis on Gene Purity and Specificity of Cotton (Gossypium hirsumtum L.) Varieties by SSR Marker 2011, 27 (30):  49-54.  Abstract + ( 1442 )   PDF ( 721965KB )   ( 1151 ) In order to identify cotton variety and test seed purity at the molecular level, gene purity and variety specificity of 51 cotton (G.hirsumtum L.) varieties were characterized by SSR primer pairs with high polymorphisms and stable amplified bands. The results showed that: most (69%) of the tested varieties with gene purity greater than 90%, while 12% of them with gene purity less than 80%. Genetic cluster analysis based on the marker genotypes indicated that all of the tested varieties were divided into two groups and four sub-groups. And 83% of the tested varieties were distinct one another using a genetic distance threshold of 0.01. All the results suggested that the SSR markers were suitable for and effective on characterization of gene purity and variety specificity of cotton varieties.

  Combining Ability Analysis of New Selected Sorghum Parental Lines 2011, 27 (30):  55-59.  Abstract + ( 1147 )   PDF ( 541391KB )   ( 909 ) In order to study the application potential of new selected sorghum parental lines and improve crossbreeding efficiency, their stigma vigor and combining ability were researched. The results showed that stigma vigor of XSA and XJA were stronger, so they had a longer pollination time and high seed setting rate. Sixteen crossing combinations were made by 4 new selected R lines and 4 A lines with the method of incomplete dual cross. Plant height, spike length, grain weight of spike, 1000 grain weight and Protein content were analyzed by DPS. The results indicated that: male sterile lines XBA and XSA, restorer lines 29R and 22R performed better integrated traits, they had higher application potential in breeding and production. As to yield traits, XBA/59R, XSA/59R, XJA/22R and XWA/59R were better heterotic patterns.

  Gamma Irradiation Degradation of Potato Flour 2011, 27 (30):  60-64.  Abstract + ( 1447 )   PDF ( 1607095KB )   ( 972 ) In order to investigate irradiation degradation, potato flour was treated with different doses of gamma ray. Results showed that the granule morphology of potato starch did not change under the doses of 50-400 kGy. However, the treatment of gamma irradiation caused increase in solubility of potato flour, among which 400 kGy increased the most to 61%. Gamma irradiation had the effect of dehydrolysating directly, the content of sugars increased with the dose of gamma ray, among which 400 kGy was the best, had DE value of 5.1%. Ion-chromatography analysis showed that after being treated with gamma irradiation, potato flour’s degraded product were mainly glucose and maltose. It was supported that gamma irradiation treatment was an effective way to potato degradation for fermentable sugar production.

  Study on Fertilization of Malting Barley Special Fertilizer in Different Ecological Zones in Gansu Province 2011, 27 (30):  65-71.  Abstract + ( 1296 )   PDF ( 878914KB )   ( 922 ) To improve and refine the fertilization of malting barley special fertilizer of application technology area in different ecological zones, to reduce the quality and environmental of impact due to excessive fertilization of malting barley. Study on fertilization of malting barley special fertilizer combining with the multi-point field plot experiments and analysis in laboratory in different ecological areas in Gansu Province. The results showed that there existed significant yield and quality improvements in combined application of specialty fertilizer for beer barley and Xindongli in treatments D and treatment E. The average yields reached 8056.8 kg/hm2 for treatment D, the yield was increased by 194.3 kg/hm2 and the income 426.6 yuan/hm2 compared with CK; and secondly for treatment E whose average yield was 8024.2 kg/hm2, increased by 161.6 kg/hm2 and the income by 364.6 yuan/hm2 compared with CK. Specialty fertilizer application technologies for beer barley in different ecological areas were determined based on the experimental results: basal application of 600 kg specialty fertilizer per hm2 and additional application of 120-150 kg Xindongli per hm2 in seedling stage were optimum amounts for Yumen, Minle, Shandan, ect. in desertification areas and mountain areas with an altitude of above 2000 m, organic fertilizer should be applied to preserve soil moisture and fertility in Yumen, Yongdeng, etc. where the soil was sandy and infertile; 600 kg specialty fertilizer per hm2 for basal application, furthermore basal applying or topdressing of 75-100 kg Xindongli per hm2 for beer barley were recommended in Jingchang, Wuwei, Jingtai, etc. in Hexi oasis irrigation areas; and for southern cold and damp mountain areas, it could be applied 300-450 kg specialty fertilizer per hm2 without any topdressing and mixture with other fertilizers.

  Genetic Analysis of Agronomic Traits in Flue-cured Tobacco Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Hybrids 2011, 27 (30):  72-76.  Abstract + ( 1473 )   PDF ( 607352KB )   ( 1125 ) In order to understand the genetic effects and hybrid vigor potential of newly developed flue-cured tobacco cytoplasmic male sterile lines, twelve hybrids crossed among 3 cytoplasmic male sterile lines and 4 flue-cured tobacco varieties were used to determine the genetic effects in economic characters including stem height, leaf quantity, leaf length, leaf width, ratio of leaf length to width, stem girth, pitch and weight of single leaf. The results in the present paper showed that the 8 agronomic traits were largely affected by environment, and all had low heritability. The agronomic traits mainly controlled by interaction of dominance or addiction and environment. Stem height, leaf length, leaf width and ratio of leaf length to width had distinctly larger dominant effects than additive effects, while leaf quantity, stem girth, pitch and weight of single leaf had nearly the same dominant effects as additive effects. The 3 cytoplasmic male sterile lines, MsYZ203-6, MsYZ216-1and MsYZ206-9 with high dominant effects in agronomic traits had strong heterosis in their hybrids.

  Study on Soil C Pool Management Index of Straw Returning to Field in Different Ways 2011, 27 (30):  77-81.  Abstract + ( 1427 )   PDF ( 874118KB )   ( 1112 ) In order to understand the effects of different models of straw returning to field on soil fertility of double-harvest rice field, the TOC (total organic carbon), AC (active carbon) pool and M (mineralized carbon) were analyzed, and A (carbon pool active), AI (carbon pool active index), CPI (carbon pool index) and CPMI (carbon pool management index) were calculated. The results indicated that comparing with the not applied fertilizer treatment (CK), CTOC, CA, CM and the available ratio of soil carbon were increased under early and late season rice straw returning to field. Under the condition of the same nutrient application, CTOC, CA and the available ratio of soil carbon with straw returning to field were higher than that of straw incineration and straw no returning, while the soil CA content had more change. The carbon pool management index (CPMI) was significant difference or very significant difference among treatments, and the order was straw returning to field > straw incineration to field > straw no returning to field.

  Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on the Environmental Factors and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Purple Soil of Vegetable Fields 2011, 27 (30):  82-87.  Abstract + ( 1490 )   PDF ( 856388KB )   ( 1017 ) Nowadays, the plastic film mulching was applied in croplands all over the world, in order to study the effect of plastic film mulching on soil environmental factors and the nitrous oxide emission, the author made the typical purple soil in Chongqing as the research objective, and comparing with the traditional cropping system (no plastic film mulching), a field experiment was conducted in situ for half a year during the radish growing period by the method of static opaque chamber and gas chromatogram method. The result showed that the temperature of soil in 5 cm depth under the plastic film mulching was higher greatly and the total biomass of radish improved obviously than that of control (P=0.02 and P=0.005), the weight of leaves and stalk of radish under the plastic film mulching were also obviously higher than that of the control group (P=0.011 and P=0.013), but there was no significant differences in the soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen between two groups. During the radish growing periods, the average N2O flux was (58.59±10.76) μg/(m2?h) and total N2O emission amount was 1.58 kg/hm2 in the whole observing period, and the average N2O flux in the 4 stages of radish under plastic film mulching was (70.21±10.51) μg/(m2?h) in germinate stage, (65.43±5.66) μg/(m2?h) in leaves vigorous growing stage, (109.13±11.23) μg/(m2?h) in seedling stage and (62.81±15.10) μg/(m2?h) in stalk growing stage, respectively. The average N2O flux was (58.59±10.76) μg/(m2?h) and total N2O emission amount was 1.30 kg/hm2 under no film mulching in the whole observing period. The N2O emission amount increased 21.5% under plastic film mulching than no film mulching during the whole observing period. So planting the radish with film mulching method could improve the yield, but increased the N2O emission as well.

  Toxicity of Ionic Liquid on Soil Sucrase Activity 2011, 27 (30):  88-92.  Abstract + ( 1203 )   PDF ( 821909KB )   ( 1038 ) Toxicity of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate on soil sucrase activity was studied by laboratory simulation method, and the kinetics and thermal parameters of enzyme catalyzed reaction were also investigated. Results showed that the activation effect of ionic liquids on the soil sucrase activity was found in short term, and the activation effect was better with higher concentration of ionic liquid. But in the long term, activation-inhibitory-activation effect was found in higher concentration rather than the lower concentration (10 mg/kg) with the activation effect in the whole incubation process. Kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax were changed a certain in different concentrations of ionic liquids due to the changes of the affinity of enzyme to substrate. The optimum temperature of enzymatic reaction was about 320 K, and thermodynamic research showed that highest activation energy (Ea) and activation enthalpy (⊿H) were found in controls, which indicated that the addition of ionic liquid to soil was favorable for the producing of enzyme-substrate complexes.

  Study on the Farmland Environmental Biodiversity for Agricultural and Edible Forestry Products 2011, 27 (30):  93-98.  Abstract + ( 1363 )   PDF ( 585523KB )   ( 997 ) Food security is now a world attention hot spot. The agroecosystem farmland environment quality security affects agricultural and forestry product quality directly. The protection and use of farmland environmental biodiversity in maintaining the stability and sustainable development of agroecosystem is important. This article embarked from the biodiversity, discussed present situations and its loss of reason of the farmland environment biodiversity, and proposed the protection measures of the farmland environment biodiversity. This foundation will be used to promote agroecosystem health cultivation and the high quality agricultural and forestry product realization, and to promote our country agriculture and forestry sustainable development.

  The Grain Crops Produce Status in Recent Ten Years and its Yield Potent of Gansu Province 2011, 27 (30):  99-103.  Abstract + ( 1307 )   PDF ( 717839KB )   ( 1116 ) It is very important to regional food security to study the potent of grain crops produce, and futher to increase the grain yield in Gansu province, as well as whole country. Based on the analyse of the change of cropland area, grain crop area, total grain product, and grain crop yield from 1999 to 2009, the relationship among cropland area, grain crop area, total grain product and grain crop yield were discussed in this papers, to understand the main factor which affect the increases of grain crop production in Gansu province. The results showed that the cropland and grain crop area decreased firstly and then increased from 1999 to 2009, there were significantly positive linear correlation (P<0.01). The total grain crop product and grain crop yield increased fluctuantly, but the grain crop area had no significant effect on total grain crop product, the increasing of grain crop yield resulted in the increasing of total grain crop product in recent ten years. It suggested that the main approach to increase total grain crop yield of Gansu province is to increase the grain crop yield but its planting area. To realize the target to increase 250 millions ton in next 5 years in Gansu province, mainly depend on the increasing of grain crop yield on rain-fed area.

  Study on Tolerance of Five Legumes to Pb2+, Zn2+ and Their Combined Pollution 2011, 27 (30):  104-110.  Abstract + ( 1485 )   PDF ( 648674KB )   ( 1006 ) In order to provide reference basis for the vegetation restoration and reconstruction of Pb-Zn mining tailings and peripheral polluted farmland, as well as habitat improvement in Lanping County, the impact of the single and combined of Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions with different contents on the germination and seedling growth of five leguminous plants was studied in this paper. The experiment researched the tolerance of the five legumes species to Pb2+, Zn2+ and their combined pollution by solution culture and soilless culture. The results showed that: (1) Except for Cassia bicapsularis, the seed germination increased under the treatments with single Lead and Zinc at low concentration, but it could reduce when Lead and Zinc reached high concentration. Both Medicago sativa and Trifolium repens had much tolerance to Lead than the other three. Treated with combined Lead and Zinc ions, the germination of seeds could be promoted by Zinc ion at low level of Lead concentration, but it was inhibited by both Lead and Zinc when Lead reached high level concentration. (2) The impact of heavy metals on the seedling growth was as follows: being treated with single Zinc ion, there was no significant differences of growth between the five legumes species. While being treated with single Lead ion, the seedlings growth of Medicago sativa was better than the other four once Pb2+ concentration being up to 1100 mg/L. (3) When the concentration of Zn2+ was 265 mg/L, the growth of seedlings was inhibited obviously, and the inhibition increased with Pb2+ concentration increase and Pb2+ concentration was main inhibition factor. It suggested a certain concentration of Zinc enhanced the poison effect of Lead to leguminous seeds when treated with combined Lead and Zinc ions.

  Calculation and Analysis on Science and Technology Progress Contribution Rate of Natural Rubber Industry in Hainan State Farms 2011, 27 (30):  111-115.  Abstract + ( 1300 )   PDF ( 1175057KB )   ( 1106 ) In order to analyze the degree of influence of science and technology input in Hainan State Farms natural rubber industry, this paper use Cobb-Douglas production function to build a Hainan State Farms natural rubber production function model, Data was taken from Hainan State Farms natural rubber production during 1995 to 2009 period, Then results showed that contribution rate of science and technology progress of natural rubber production of Hainan State Farms was 80.04%,that is to say, science and technology contributed to the development of Hainan State Farms natural rubber. At last some countermeasures and suggestions on stable development of natural rubber production were proposed, i.e. accelerating the rate of updating, increasing science and technology input, enhancing the construction of talents in natural rubber production and research.

  Assessment of Fluorine Pollution in Crops Around Electrolytic Aluminum Factory 2011, 27 (30):  116-119.  Abstract + ( 1390 )   PDF ( 573854KB )   ( 1101 ) Understanding influence of fluoride from electrolytic aluminum factory on the crops. Fluorine contents in crops around an electrolytic aluminum factory in Kaili were monitored by a fluoride ion selective electrode method and its pollution level was analyzed. The results showed that the highest, the lowest and the average content of fluorine in crops was 163.33 mg/kg, 16.73 mg/kg, 51.09 mg/kg respectively. The fluorine pollution status in crops were all higher than the value of the national standard and the crops were polluted severely. The ability to absorb and enrich fluoride differed in different species. The enrichment of fluoride was different in different organ of crops and the leaf has stronger ability to absorb fluoride. There were severe fluorine pollution for all crops in different districts around electrolytic aluminum factory. The pollution level was clozely related to the distance between the sampling plots and the aluminum factory and the more severe fluorine pollution, the more near distance.

  Influences of High Temperature Induced Maturity on the Quality and Yield Characteristics of Early Rice 2011, 27 (30):  120-125.  Abstract + ( 1537 )   PDF ( 703868KB )   ( 1341 ) To analyze the impacts of different categories of high temperature maturity on the quality and yields of early rice, to assess the robustness of high temperature induced maturity criteria, to provide scientific basis for currently used high temperature induced maturity criteria, and to improve the warning service products of high temperature induced maturity. Artificial climate chamber and field experiments were used to study on the influences of different categories of high temperature induced maturity. The quality indicators (crude fat, crude protein, coarse fiber, and chalk degree) and yield characteristic factors (thousand-grain weight, filling rate, seed setting rate, and the ratio of grain to stalk) were observed. The results showed that high temperature induced maturity caused the content of crude fat of rice to decrease. The chalk degree of rice increased with seriousness of high temperature induced maturity. The contents of crude fiber and crude protein were higher of rice affected by high temperature were higher than those of rice unaffected by high temperature. The more serious high temperature induced maturity, the more concentrated grain filling peak. Serious high temperature induced maturity would cause the mature stage of rice to be considerably earlier. High temperature induced maturity resulted in decreasing in thousand-grain weight, filling rate, seed setting rate, and the ratio of grain to stalk. Serious high temperature induced maturity affects the appearance, taste and commercial value of rice. It caused the grain filling stage to be shorter and the peak of rain filling stage to be more concentrated. Consequently, nutrition could not be fully transferred from stalk to grains. Finally, yield properties of rice would be affected. The currently used high temperature induced maturity criteria were consistent with the findings of experiments. In practical services, the measures to prevent and to alleviate the influences of high temperature on rice should be properly taken according to the category of high temperature induced maturity.

  Effects of Soil Types on Yield and Quality of Forage Rice 2011, 27 (30):  126-130.  Abstract + ( 1299 )   PDF ( 646769KB )   ( 870 ) In order to improve the output of Forage Rice, brown rice, protein content, this study selected five soils in Hunan Province to study the Forage Rice in the yield and quality changes. The results showed that five types of soil Forage Rice Yield Yellow clayey paddy soil was the highest 6358.5 kg/hm2, followed Grey-yellow soil 6295.5 kg/hm2 yield performance for the Yellow clayey paddy soil > Grey-yellow soil > Redish yellow clayey paddy soil > Calcareous loamy paddy soil > Neutral purplish clayey soil. Yellow clayey paddy soil, Grey-yellow soil, Redish yellow clayey paddy soil than in Calcareous loamy paddy soil, Neutral purplish clayey soil of the whole growth period shortened to 1 day. Grey-yellow soil had a higher rate and protein content of brown rice, brown rice was 80.1%, protein content was 12.2%. Comprehensive analysis of this trial Forage Rice yield, growth duration and grain quality characteristics, which the most suitable soil for the cultivation of Forage Rice was Grey-yellow soil, followed by the Yellow clayey paddy soil and Redish yellow clayey paddy soil.

  Effects of Sulphur Supply at Different Stages on the Sulphur Accumulation and Grain Quality of Summer Maize 2011, 27 (30):  131-134.  Abstract + ( 1321 )   PDF ( 721259KB )   ( 934 ) To study the effects of sulphur supply at different stages on the sulphur accumulation and grain quality of summer maize, the field experiment was conducted with two cultivars of summer maize (‘Nongda108’ and ‘Jinhai5’) by supplying sulphur (40 kg/hm2) at different growth stages (before sowing, the big trumpet, and the flowering separately). The results showed that sulphur accumulation in the shoot increased obviously when all sulphur supply before sowing or half of sulphur supply before sowing and the remaining half top dressed at flowering stage. Among all individual plant organs, the sulphur content in the leaves was the highest, and the cobs contain smaller proportion. Sulphur supply could increase the total content of soluble sugar in the grains of ‘Jinhai5’, and the total content of soluble sugar of all sulphur supply before sowing or half of sulphur supply before sowing and the remaining half top dressed at flowering stage was 21.0% and 15.5% higher than CK separately, while the soluble sugar in the grains of ‘Nongda108’ was unaffected. However, the content of the starch and the protein in grains were unaffected for both cultivars.

  Effects of the Herbicide Monosulfuron Plus Propazine 44% WP on Weed Control in Millet Field and Yield of Millet 2011, 27 (30):  135-141.  Abstract + ( 1515 )   PDF ( 713731KB )   ( 1149 ) In order to resolve the poor efficacy or phytotoxicity problems in promotion of the herbicide monosulfuron plus propazine 44% WP, adopting four factors four levels and three factors two levels orthogonal test by Duncan's new multiple range method for statistics and analysis, herbicide dose, sprinkler irrigation water volume, quality of soil preparation, soil moisture content such impact factors of comparative trials carry on research the monosulfuron plus propazine 44% WP about prevention and control weeds and millet yield influence. Results show that: seven experiment factors on the monosulfuron plus propazine 44% WP reference prevention and control weeds have important influence effect, among them, herbicide dose, sprinkler irrigation water volume, quality of soil preparation , soil moisture content or influence the most important factors of millet yield. According to yield and economic benefit, determine the monosulfuron plus propazine 44% WP economic, safe, effective prevention and control techniques of weeds in field of optimization scheme: The monosulfuron plus propazine 44% WP dose was 1800 g/hm2. Before after planting seedlings in soil treatment, plough rake land have to tightly don't loose. Soil moisture to achieve 15%. Spraying herbicide did not carry on spray irrigation, 45 days high in the effect duration control weeds in millet field, especially dicotyledonous weeds.

  Effects of Conservation Temperatures on the Sugar Contents of Sweet Sorghum 2011, 27 (30):  142-146.  Abstract + ( 1189 )   PDF ( 739616KB )   ( 933 ) In this paper the effects of different conservation temperatures, as freezing storage (-18℃), cold storage (5℃), room temperature (20℃), on the sugar and water contents in sweet sorghum stalks were studied, and the storage efficiency on sweet sorghum stalk was discussed. The result indicated that the water contents were stable at freezing storage temperature, while the water contents decreased at two other storage temperatures; There were significant differences between the sugar contents at two storage temperatures, while there weren’t significant differences between the sugar contents at freezing storage temperatures. The freezing condition hadn’t significant influence on the reducing sugar contents, and its graph was steady. The sucrose contents decreased rapidly at room temperature and slightly at cold storage temperature, while there wasn’t clear changing tendency at freezing storage temperature. The significant differences in sugar contents explains the effects of storage condition on the glycol-metabolism activities, so it can be concluded that freezing storage is the best way among the three storage conditions.

  Effect of Stop Supplying Water of Different Time on Fiber Quality of Cotton under Drip Irrigation with Mulch 2011, 27 (30):  147-151.  Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 759615KB )   ( 866 ) In order to explore the effects of different timings of terminating irrigation on the fiber quality of mulched and drip-irrigated cotton, this study analyses the variations in fiber quality indicators with different timings of cutting off water supply of two main cotton varieties in south Xinjiang: ‘Zhongmiansuo49’ and ‘Xinluzhong28’. The results showed that an increase in cotton lint yield was obtained by deferring terminating irrigation, the two cultivars behaved the same. That terminating irrigation either too early or too late was negatively influence cotton fiber quality. Terminating irrigation too early resulted in a in fiber length, specific strength and Macmm values of ‘Zhongmiansuo49’ were 0.3 mm, 0.5 cN/tex and 0.3, respectively, and decrease of ‘Xinluzhong28’ in fiber length and specific strength were 0.3 mm and 0.1 cN/tex, respectively, Macmm values increased 0.2. In contrast, terminating irrigation too late led to a general reduction of ‘Xinluzhong28’ in fiber length, specific strength and Macmm value were 0.5 mm, 0.3 cN/tex, 0.1, and ‘Zhongmiansuo49’ behaved the same, in fiber length, specific strength and Macmm values were decreased. However in the latter case, the differences are not significant. Thus in production practice, appropriately deferring irrigation termination was from August 15 to September 5 will boost economic result of cotton production.

  Effects of Potassium Application Rate on the Growth and Potassium Content of New Strains of Flue-cured Tobacco with High Potassium Efficiency 2011, 27 (30):  152-158.  Abstract + ( 1430 )   PDF ( 614034KB )   ( 913 ) In order to investigate the effects of potassium application rate on the growth and potassium content of new strains of tobacco with high potassium efficiency. Field experiments with tobacco ‘K326’ (CK) and GK2, GK8 (with high potassium efficiency) were conducted in tobacco cultivation. On the difference of growth period, the experiments analyzed agronomical traits, dry matter accumulation and potassium content of tobacco in different potassium application rate. The results showed that: potassium application could significantly improve the biological properties of the new strains, promote the increase of plant height, stem thickness, leaf size and leaf number. Growing tobacco looked basically the same under different potassium levels in the rosette stage .The tobacco plants grew best under the potassium level of 240 kg/hm2 in the vigorous growing period, in different genotypes showed: GK8>GK2>‘K326’. The dry matter accumulation of the new strains roots, stems and leaves increased with potassium application rate increased. Amount of dry matter accumulation in different organs showed: leaf>stem>root, between the different potassium levels showed: T3>T2>T1. In different genotypes showed: GK8>GK2>‘K326’.

  Statistical Analysis of Split Plot Arrangement with EXCEL 2011, 27 (30):  159-163.  Abstract + ( 1796 )   PDF ( 1112910KB )   ( 1666 ) The aim of this present study was to demonstrate a method for statistical analysis of split plot arrangement with Microsoft EXCEL. Based on the principle of analysis of variance, the procedure for statistical analysis of split plot arrangement was established with EXCEL. After the user input raw data of test, the procedure will calculate sum of squares, mean squares and F in variance analysis quickly and accurately. Moreover, the results used DPS and this procedure is matched. The program is flexible and can be applied to calculate statistical analysis of split plot arrangement.

  Preparation and Application of Polyclonal Antibody with a Peptide EDS1 2011, 27 (30):  164-170.  Abstract + ( 1780 )   PDF ( 1070369KB )   ( 1229 ) EDS1 is an important protein with regulation function at SA signal transduction pathway at plant host. In order to acquire polyclonal antibody of high titer and specificity against enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), according to the primary structure of information about EDS1 in NCBI GenBank, 3 polypeptides with sequence-specific was obtained by using bioinformatics software contained Blastn and Blastx. One polypeptide was synthetized by fmoc solid phase synthesis methods, and determined theirs purity and molecular weight by using HPLC and GC-MS, purity value reaching at 89.37% and molecular weight being at 1978.33. The polypeptide was coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) to form a complex of Pep-KLH by using EDC. Anti-sera were acquired by immunizing rabbit with Pep-KLH emulsified by Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA), and polyclonal antibody was purified by affinity chromatography. The titer and specificity of anti-sera and polyclonal antibody were determined by ELISA and Western blotting. The results shown that anti-sera and polyclonal antibody reacted with Pep-KLH and detected a specific band of 70 kD, and the size was agreed with the predicted molecular mass. The EDS1 polyclonal antibody revealed high sensitivity and specificity.

  Phylogeny in Structure Alterations of Poaceae cpDNA 2011, 27 (30):  171-176.  Abstract + ( 1547 )   PDF ( 980566KB )   ( 1478 ) The aim was to research the relationship between structure alterations of chloroplast DNA and phylogeny. The structural alterations of the chloroplast genome found in grass chloroplast DNA in comparison with that of tobacco was systematically surveyed. (1) three inversions in the large single-copy region; (2) degradation of the gene accD, ycf1, ycf2; (3) deletion of intron in the gene clpP, rpoC1; (4) changes of IR/SC bordery, mostly occurred at the family level, but some alterations showed time hierarchy. These phylogenetic relationships were supported by the phylogenetic tree with introns of cpDNA. Structural analysis of the chloroplast genome is applicable to the phylogenetic reconstruction of related plants.

  Research on Enzyme Characteristics and Fermentation Conditions of the Thermophilic Neutral Protease-Producing Strain KN1 2011, 27 (30):  177-181.  Abstract + ( 1375 )   PDF ( 730625KB )   ( 960 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for application of the thermophilic neutral protease, the Folin-phenol method had been used to detect the activity of the protease. The enzyme characteristics and the fermentation conditions were determined by the single factor control experiment. This enzyme's optimal acting temperature and pH value were 75℃ and 7.5 respectively. Cu2+ could activate the enzyme. EDTA has the obvious inhibition on the enzyme, but PMSF had a little inhibition on the enzyme. The protease was postulated to a metal protease. After treating with SDS, the protease of KN1 remained high activity. The KN1 strain's best fermentation conditions were cultured under 37℃ for 4 days, the best carbon resource was the corn-starch and the best nitrogen resource was bean powder. The protease produced by KN1 strain was a kind of thermophilic neutral protease and its optimal temperature was 75℃, and under the proper condition, the activity of the protease could reach as high as 1498.84 U/mL, and the thermophilic neutral protease of KN1will have a good application in the future.

  Assembly, Infection and Cell Lysis of Bacteriophage T4 2011, 27 (30):  182-186.  Abstract + ( 1395 )   PDF ( 722247KB )   ( 1903 ) To further develop and utilize T4 phage display and phage therapy, and open the broader prospect for the progress in study of T4 phage, the important components of T4 phage particles was analyzed by molecular biology techniques, such as the head, the tail and the basement. The protein composition of these structure were confirmed. DNA packing which was an important part in the assembly of T4 phage particle was described in detail. Not only the phenomenon of infection and lysis, but also the superinfection exclusion and lysis inhibition in T4 life cycles was introduced with molecular mechanism and impact factor. The assembly and infection mechanism of T4 phage would be known much better by these research.

  Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Profilin Gene inHevea brasiliensis Li Dejun1, Liu Xianghong1,2, Deng Zhi1 2011, 27 (30):  187-191.  Abstract + ( 1256 )   PDF ( 909592KB )   ( 1094 ) In order to study the function of Profilin protein in rubber tree, the whole open reading frame (ORF) of profilin fromHevea brasiliensis was obtained with 3′ -RACE technique, and the characterizations of HbPro1 were analyzed, such as the transmembrane structures, signal peptides, and secondary structure, etc. The results showed thatHbPro1 encoded 131 amino acids with a conserved PROF domain. No signal peptides and transmembrane structures were predicted within HbPro1. The predicted secondary structure showed that HbPro1 was classified as mixed type. The phylogenetic tree of 25 Profilin proteins indicated that HbPro1 displayed a high similarity to Profilin proteins, and belonged to plant profilins. This study was helpful for further study of theHbPro1 functions.

  The Application of Nuclear Genes and Mitochondrial Genes in Molecular Systematics of Spider Mites 2011, 27 (30):  192-196.  Abstract + ( 1651 )   PDF ( 585541KB )   ( 1356 ) In order to correctly identify spider mites in Tetranychidae for the wide application in production and scientific research, mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes were used for phylogenetic analysis of spider mites, through which species could be effectively identified and cryptic species revealed，and phylogenetic analysis conducted. Compared to conventional morphological identification, molecular taxonomy could identify the organism at different development stages, and the investigation results were more objective and could be verified. Mitochondrial genes plus nuclear genes could provide important evolutionary information in different depth of the phylogenetic tree and hence solve the evolutionary problems. And combination of conventional morphological taxonomy with molecular taxonomy would be more helpful for correct species identification and phylogenetic analysis.

  Progress on New Race of Puccinia Graminis Ug99 and Its Resistance Breeding 2011, 27 (30):  197-203.  Abstract + ( 1351 )   PDF ( 587490KB )   ( 1268 ) The article reviewed the research advances of Ug99 and its resistance breeding, from the aspects of its discovery, race variation, pathogenicity, distribution, spread, exploration of relative resistant genes, linked marker screening, resistance breeding strategies and the research status of Ug99 in our country. It’s concluded that the Puccinia Graminis new race Ug99 and its rapid evolvement, broad and high virulence and rapid spread towards important wheat growing areas, now potentially threatens global wheat production. Exploiting novel genes of Ug99 resistance from wild relatives of wheat and developing new varieties with durable resistance should be emphasized for the protection of wheat production.

  Genetic Analysis on Adult Plant Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Wheat ‘Xinong 291’ 2011, 27 (30):  204-208.  Abstract + ( 1580 )   PDF ( 606940KB )   ( 1129 ) The aim was to determine the inheritance of resistance in ‘Xinong 291’. In this study, the level of resistance to wheat stripe rust in ‘Xinong 291’ was identified using the predominant races of Chinese Yellow Race (CYR) in the greenhouse and the field. Simultaneously, two susceptible cultivars, ‘Mingxian 169’ and Avocet Susceptible (AvS), were used to cross with the resistant cultivar ‘Xinong 291’ for constructing F1 and F2 genetic populations. Genetic analysis was performed with CYR32 at the adult stage in the greenhouse, and mixed races consisting of CYR32 and CYR33 at a ratio of 1:1 at the adult stage in the field, respectively. The results showed that, in the greenhouse, ‘Xinong 291’ was susceptible to the CYR races of CYR32 and CYR33 at the seedling stage, and highly resistant to the CYR races of CYR32, CYR33, Su11-4, and Su11-7 at the adult stage, respectively. In the field, high resistance to wheat stripe rust in ‘Xinong 291’ was demonstrated by inoculating the mixed races consisting of the predominant CYR races in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, and by natural infection in Tianshui, Gansu Province, respectively. The chi-squre test confirmed that the frequencies of resistance versus susceptible individuals were in accordance with the 3R:1S ratio in the F2 populations of ‘Xinong 291’בMingxian 169’ and ‘Xinong 291’×AvS. These results indicated that ‘Xinong 291’ was of non-race specific and broad spectrum of the adult-plant resistance, and that the resistance of ‘Xinong 291’ to wheat stripe rust is controlled by a single dominant gene.

  Biocontrol Effects of AM Fungus Glomus mosseae on Two Peanut Leaf Spots and its Growth-promoting Effects on Peanut 2011, 27 (30):  209-213.  Abstract + ( 1537 )   PDF ( 1126371KB )   ( 974 ) In order to study biocontrol effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) on two leaf spots, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) black spot (Cercosporium personatuma) and peanut net blotch (Phoma arachidicola), the growth-promoting effects of AM fungus on peanut, and as a result, laying a foundation for the development of green manure, peanut cultivar Huayu 22 inoculated with AM fungus Glomus mosseae in a pot experiment, under natural infection conditions, biocontrol effects of G. mosseae on peanut black spot and peanut net blotch, growth indices including plant height, the numbers of branches or pods, dry mass of pods, aboveground or underground dry mass of peanut were investigated. The results indicated that, inoculation peanut with G. mosseae significantly improved plant height, the numbers of branches or pods, dry mass of pods, aboveground dry mass of peanut, and induced systemic acquired resistance to the two leaf spots. Control effect on peanut black spot was 5.4%, whereas on net peanut blotch was 10.2%. One of the mechanisms of G. mosseae improving resistance to the two diseases was promoting growth due to AM colonization may allow compensation for damage caused by the diseases. The results showed that G. mosseae isolated by us is a strain which can both promote the growth and control two leaf spots of peanut.

  Residue Dynamics of Emamectin Benzoate and Chlorpyrifos in Rice and Paddy 2011, 27 (30):  214-221.  Abstract + ( 1683 )   PDF ( 798140KB )   ( 1029 ) This study had been carried out to investigate the residue behavior and environmental safety of 40% emamectin benzoate and chlorpyrifos EW in rice and paddy. The residues of emamectin benzoate and chlorpyrifos in samples were determined by HPLC-FLD and GC-ECD, respectively. And the field trials were conducted to reveal the dissipation and terminal residue of emamectin benzoate and chlorpyrifos in rice and paddy. The results showed that emamectin benzoate and chlorpyrifos dissipated rapidly in paddy water, soil and rice straw, and the half-lives of emamectin benzoate were 17.55, 35.55, 19.10 h, the half- lives of chlorpyrifos were 0.90-1.36 days, 3.02-5.30 days and 4.43-5.82 days, respectively. when 40% emamectin benzoate and chlorpyrifos EW was applied twice at recommended dosage in rice field, the final residues of emamectin benzoate were not detected in the rice that harvested more than 21 days after the last application, and the final residues of chlorpyrifos in the rice were below the maximum residue limit (MRL) 0.1 mg/kg of rice in China. So the rice harvested at this time was safe for human consumption.

  The Toxicity Determination of 4 Kinds of Botanical Insecticides Against Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) 2011, 27 (30):  222-226.  Abstract + ( 1389 )   PDF ( 619756KB )   ( 878 ) In order to provide reference for controlling N. lugens, the toxicities of 4 kinds of botanical insecticides Against Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) were studied. Rice stem dipping method and toxic film method were used to test the toxicities of 4 kinds of botanical insecticides on the third instar nymphs and adults of N. lugens under laboratory conditions. The results tested by rice stem dipping method and toxic film method showed that the weakest toxicity was rotenone on the third instar nymphs and adults of N. lugens, and the values of LC50 were 10.7791, 14.9197 and 21.4638 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of veratrine was strongest, and the values of LC50 were 0.7688, 1.1852 and 1.4366 mg/L, respectively. Among 4 kinds of botanical insecticides on the N. lugens, veratrine, matrine and nicotine?matrine had a better control effect.

  Study of Stability and Wet-spreading of Water-based Cypermethrin Microemulsion 2011, 27 (30):  227-232.  Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 1434516KB )   ( 934 ) In order to study the stability and wet-spreading of water-based cypermethrin microemulsions prepared by the mixed surfactants. The stability of water-based cypermethrin microemulsions prepared was studied by the methods of uv-vis spectroscopy and gas chromatograph. The contact angles on Yangfu wheat leaf were measured by using the optical contact angle measuring device. The results showed that the water-based cypermethrin microemulsions have good properties of chemical stability and ageing stability, and have lower surface tension. The contact angles were lower when the solutions were dropped on Yangfu wheat leaf. The results proved that the water-based cypermethrin microemulsions were easily attached to the plant surface, wetting and spreading fastly, so they are suitable to agricultural.

  Host Plant Selection and Nutrient Utilization of Beet Armyworm Larvae 2011, 27 (30):  233-236.  Abstract + ( 1355 )   PDF ( 857271KB )   ( 867 ) In order to explore the larval damage of Spodoptera exigua on different host plants, Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus mangostanu, Beta vulgaris and Allium fistulosum L. were assessed by selection tests feeding preferences and the nutritional utilization of S. exigua. The results indicated that the preference of 1st instar larva to the four plants was C. album L., A. mangostanu, B. vulgaris and A. fistulosum L.. Feeding preference of the 3rd instar larva was not as obvious as the 1st instar larva. And the host plant feeding preference of 3rd instar larva was weakened with the prolonged observation period. The nutrition indexes of 3rd instar larvae on consumption of the four host plants indicated that the relative growth rate (RGR) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) in larva feeding on B. vulgaris was significantly higher than that on the three plants; the relative consumption rate (RCR) and approximate digestibility (AD) in larva feeding on A. fistulosum L and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) in larva feeding on C. album L. was the highest. 3rd instar larva can seriously harm the B. vulgaris and A. fistulosum L.. Therefore, in the process of operation in agriculture, the 3rd instar larvae should be strengthened monitoring and management.

  Comparison of Total Flavonoids Extracting Methods on Ginkgo biloba Callus 2011, 27 (30):  237-240.  Abstract + ( 1303 )   PDF ( 627090KB )   ( 1018 ) In order to explore an easily industrialized and lower costs method for flavonoids extraction from medical plants cells, technique was studied to provide theoretical foundations and practical directions for industrial production. Total flavonoids which were from Ginkgo biloba callus were extracted and determined. ethnol extraction, ultrasonic technology and water immersion extraction were used in this experiment. The content of total flavonoids was determined by spectrophotometric methods. The optimal conditions in ethnol extraction can be gotten as follows: ratio of material to solvent in 80% ethanol = 1∶7 (m∶v), temperature 60℃, extracting time thrice and the extracting ratio 3.67%. The optimal conditions in ultrasonic technology were that ratio of material to solvent in 60% ethanol = 1∶34 (m∶v)，the time 65 min and the extracting ratio 4.37%. The optimal conditions in water immersion extraction can be gotten as follows: ratio of material to solvent in water= 1∶30 (m∶v)，temperature 90℃, the time 3.5 h and the extracting ratio 2.95%. The order of flavlnoids extracting ratio in three optimized methods was ultrasonic technology＞ethnol extraction＞water immersion extraction.

  TThe Analysis of Difference of Aroma Type and Polyphenol Content in Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties 2011, 27 (30):  241-245.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 783993KB )   ( 1033 ) Six major polyphenol in 5 main flue-cured tobacco cultivars for Hongta group in Dali was carried out using HPLC. The relationships between aroma type and polyphenol content were analyzed using the points of aroma type. The results showed that, chlorogenic acid and rutin were the major polyphenol, which were accounted for 92%. Polyphenol in different position and different varieties were different obviously. Different kinds of fen-flavor significant with tobacco the polyphenol content was a positive correlation significantly. The correlation between the points of aroma type and polyphenol content was positive significantly.

  Study on Development and Application Technology of Analysis Method for Organic Acid in Fuzhuan Brick Tea by RP-HPLC 2011, 27 (30):  246-252.  Abstract + ( 1406 )   PDF ( 937993KB )   ( 959 ) To establish a kind of simple and rapid high perfeormance liquid chromatograpy determination method of organic acid in Fu-brick tea, Kromasil C18 column was used at 17℃ and mobile phase was 3% CH3OH -0.1 mol/L KH2PO4 (pH value adjusted with phosphoric acid to 2.7) with flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. 10 μL sample was injected into the column and detection wavelength was 210 nm. The relative standard deviations were lower than 1.80%, and recovery was 90.12% to 105.74%. All of the correlation coefficients between the concentration of the organic acids and the HPLC response areas were higher than 0.998, indicating that the method was simple, rapid and accurate. At the same time, the method has been applied to detect composition and content of organic acids. Results showed that 11 kinds of organic acids were detected in fu-brick tea.

  Changes of qualites in sweet cherry stored with CA box 2011, 27 (30):  253-257.  Abstract + ( 1357 )   PDF ( 1062039KB )   ( 934 ) Sweet cherry fruit (Prunus avium L. cv. Tieton and cv. Summit) were held into controlling atmosphere box (CAB), then stored at 0 ± 0.5°C. The postharvest qualities of sweet cherry fruit were investigated at interval. Results showed that the carbon dioxide concentration in CAB were 12-15%. Firmness in fruit stored in CAB was higher than those in control. CAB treatment decreased the soluble solids content of sweet cherry fruit, but maintained the higher tritratable acidity and Vc content in contrast to control. CAB treatment inhibited significantly the decay incidence of sweet cherry fruit during storage and shelf-life. The lower decay incidence was found in 'Summit' fruit compared with 'Tieton' fruit. The sweet cherry fruit treated by CAB still had good sensory quality significantly after 60 d of storage and 3 d of shelf-life at ambient temperature. In general, this new method can increase economic value, and suitable for transportation and sales industry of bayberry fruit.

  Design and Application on Air Rising Type Side by Side Bulk Curing-barn Sharing of Surplus Heat 2011, 27 (30):  258-261.  Abstract + ( 1276 )   PDF ( 639958KB )   ( 1011 ) In order to achieve the purpose of flue-curing energy saved, the current application air rising type side by side bulk curing-barn device of design share the surplus heat conducted the tested, to achieve mutual share of the surplus heat. The results showed that: devised air rise type side by side bulk curing-barn share of the surplus heat device, had the structure characteristics of simple and easy to operate, can realized the waste heat sharing between barn, used color fixing, stem drying of the surplus heat to fully meet the requirements of heat yellowing leaves, energy-saving effect was obvious, per kilogram of tobacco leaf dry needs coal and curing cost significantly lower than control, and baking tobacco quality can be guaranteed.

  Research on the Technology of Search Engineer in the National Agricultural Scientific Data Center Jian Wang 2011, 27 (30):  270-274.  Abstract + ( 1294 )   PDF ( 1194493KB )   ( 881 ) The aim was to solve the problem, which the traditional search method couldn’t meet the searching demand in the National Agricultural Scientific Data Center. The original method of website search engine was summarized, and the open-source Lucene search engine’s principle and using method were studied. The means for building the full-text search engineer in the agricultural scientific data center was discussed. Three representative databases were also selected: the large one, the medium one and the small one, in the agricultural scientific data center and carried on comparative experiments for search efficiency with them. At last, these results were compared with those consequences from traditional search method. The experiments proved that: the search engineer based on Lucene had more efficient and the practical application should be satisfactory.

  Development and Construction of China's Major Tropical Crops Industry Information Service Platform 2011, 27 (30):  275-279.  Abstract + ( 1187 )   PDF ( 661549KB )   ( 1254 ) Countries attach great importance to agricultural information and the industrial development of China's major tropical crops in China, this paper proposes and develops China's major tropical crops industry information service platform, while the background of the platform, meaning, content and system development are described. I believe that the platform which has great significance, to promote China tropical agricultural information development and technology level, and to promote a new stage of China's tropical agricultural and rural economic development, and to promote agricultural efficiency, rural incomes and produce competitiveness enhancement, and Co-ordination urban and rural economic and social development, and to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society.

  Study on Web-Based Information Classification Standard of the Rural Labor Force 2011, 27 (30):  280-284.  Abstract + ( 1236 )   PDF ( 708455KB )   ( 847 ) Currently the rural employment informations on web are in large number but weak target, and low accuracy of the information retrieval, for these bottlenecks it is in urgent need of the uniform standards to regulate the relevant information. In this study, firstly we analyze the existing agricultural and rural information classification, and take the use purpose, characteristics in web services and management of the rural labor force information for consideration, the application scope and building principles of the rural labor force information classification standard are putted forward. Then we design the information classification system and attribute with the linear classification, and build the web-based information classification standard of the rural labor force primitively. The Standard is used on the rural informationization projects such as “Guangdong Rural Information Fast-Lane”.

  Research on Beijing Rural Informatization Performance Evaluation System 2011, 27 (30):  285-289.  Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 539727KB )   ( 813 ) In order to measure the development level of rural informatization and guide the regional work, the evaluation system of rural informatization performance of Beijing, based on the study of domestic and foreign information evaluation systems, is established to evaluate the rural informatization performance in Beijing. Thus scientific and rational development policy of rural informatization can be made to improve the performance of rural informatization in Beijing.

  Application Situation and Requirements Analysis of Modern Agricultural Intelligent Equipment 2011, 27 (30):  290-296.  Abstract + ( 1352 )   PDF ( 1046496KB )   ( 1005 ) The certain questionnaire survey on application and requirements of intelligent agricultural equipment among 18 provinces, autonomous regions or municipal cities in China, was carried out, it was found that peasants had a tepid requirement for intelligent agricultural equipment and low awareness of environmental protection. It was mainly due to low income, small-scale production and low agricultural mechanization level. In the future, government should carry out some supportive policies in machinery purchase, encourage and guide peasants to buy informational equipment, in order to strengthen the peasants’ awareness and informational consumption level. And then traditional agriculture transformed to modem agriculture gradually.

  Management for Farmland Environment Monitoring WSN Based on the Internet of Things 2011, 27 (30):  297-302.  Abstract + ( 1338 )   PDF ( 1124582KB )   ( 1217 ) In the farmland environment monitoring WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), the network nodes had limited electric quantity and processing power. Thus, an integrated network management scheme was proposed from four aspects of topology management, location management, energy management and fault management, monitoring and managing the network health. In order that users could remotely monitor and manage the wireless sensor monitoring network, a remote monitoring and management platform was developed, which consisted of a background database and a front-end monitoring and management software. Test results showed that the proposed network management scheme could monitor network health in real time and diagnosis network anomalies in time, ensuring network’s normal operation and datum’s real-time transmission; The developed remote monitoring and management platform had good man-machine interface, fully function and stable performance, realizing remote management for the wireless sensor monitoring network and effective monitoring for the farmland environment.

  Study on Visual Diagnostic System for Fruit Pests and Disease Using 3G Networks 2011, 27 (30):  303-306.  Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 533898KB )   ( 1060 ) To improve the work efficiency of expert system and promote its popularization, the technology of wireless communication network which applied in agricultural expert system was discussed. A visual diagnostic system for fruit pests and disease based on 3G networks was designed. Users can visit the system by cell phone terminals, upload feature information to the web-server and acquire the online solutions for pests’ control. The results indicated that this diagnostic system had wide applicability, which provided a technical-support tool for fruit tree management.

  An Analysis of Dynamic Econometric Relationship Between Development of Urbanization, Agriculture Modernization and Income Growth of Peasants in Fujian Province 2011, 27 (30):  307-312.  Abstract + ( 1381 )   PDF ( 916434KB )   ( 853 ) In order to understand the relationship between development of urbanization, agriculture modernization and income growth of peasants in Fujian Province, with the economic data ranging from 1978 to 2009, based on the foundation of vector auto-regression model, applying the Granger causality test, impulse response function and variance decomposition, the relationship between development of urbanization, agriculture modernization and income growth of peasants in Fujian Province was studied on empirically. The results showed that: the urbanization development was the Granger cause of agricultural modernization, and had positive effect on agricultural modernization in short-term, and greater effect in the long-term. Agricultural modernization was the Granger cause of income growth of peasants, not the Granger cause of the urbanization development, while agricultural modernization had an increasing effect on urbanization. Income growth of peasants was neither the Granger cause of urbanization nor the agricultural modernization, income growth of peasants had little effect relatively, with its effect increasing every period. The effect of income growth of peasants on urbanization also increased every period.

  Hyper-spectral Remote Sensing Models of Chlorophyll-a in Keqin Lake, China 2011, 27 (30):  313-317.  Abstract + ( 1815 )   PDF ( 1042722KB )   ( 880 ) Chlorophyll-a concentration in water is one of the most basic indices for water quality. In order to monitor chlorophyll-a concentration ration in Keqin Lake in Zhalong wetland, reflectance spectra were measured with FieldSpec spectrometer. Remote sensing models of Chlorophyll-a were developed by some methods, including normalized reflectance, first-derivative and spectral ratio, and aimed to monitor precisely chlorophyll-a concentration in Keqin Lake. The results indicated that the linearity algorithm between chlorophyll-a concentration and first-derivative of the reflectance at 697 nm was not high (R2=0.703). The accuracy of the power function algorithm using the normalized reflectance could be improved (R2=0.794). The relationship between chlorophyll-a concentration ration and the band-ratio of R703/R677 was the best, and the accuracy was the highest (R2=0.879). The present study showed that cholorophyll-a concentration was estimated with reflectance band-ratios model in Keqin Lake, and provided research foundation to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration using hyper-spectral remote sensing data.

  Analysis on Orientation and Demand of Informationization 2011, 27 (30):  318-324.  Abstract + ( 1253 )   PDF ( 875140KB )   ( 772 ) In order to promote the leading enterprises of agriculture industrialization healthy development of informationization to reach to informationization to enhance the target level of agricultural industrialization, Taking types of agriculture industrialization leading enterprise in Fujian as the objects of study, this paper analyzes the current status of the informationization of those enterprises based on the data of questionnaire, which reveals their demand of informationization and orientation features. Currently, with the imbalanced development, those leading enterprises lack scientific planning and enough consistent input; information system is applied in only a few sections, and its integration is quite low; organization and management requires immediate improvement; the effect of imformationization is unobvious and unsatisfied. To give management and policy-making support to these enterprises, the paper proposes some suggestions that we should establish national policy system to guide, support and model them, guide them to the IT application in the main fields, and improve informationization organization and management.

  An Overview of the Study about the Competitiveness of Tourism Industry 2011, 27 (30):  325-328.  Abstract + ( 1527 )   PDF ( 506834KB )   ( 1164 ) This paper gave a review of the research outcomes of domestic scholars from three aspects, which were index system, evaluation method and improvement method, Then described the latest development of tourism competitiveness research in overseas, finally summarized the main features of tourism competitiveness research in recent years both domestic and abroad: In the aspect of index system, domestic scholars had not breakthrough the framework of Michael Porter's Diamond Model, foreign scholars had some defects in correlation analysis of different factors. In the aspect of theoretical model, domestic scholars seldom involve it, but foreign scholars have been concerned with it, especially a lot of beneficial attempts in model updating and introduction of theory in other fields. Compared with domestic scholars, foreign scholars expanded further in the aspect of evaluation method. In the aspect of improvement method, there were merely simple exposition in most of domestic research, foreign scholars put forward some useful suggestions, but it still need to be further researched.