Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.29 Published:15 November 2011

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  The Change of Farmer Pig Raising Technology in China in Recently Thirty Years 2011, 27 (29):  1-8.  Abstract + ( 1027 )   PDF ( 694468KB )   ( 1000 ) With modern science and technology in a widely used in pig raising, there are three stages in pork production including local hybrid pig with individual feeding, hybrid pig with specialized feeding and improved pig with large-scale feeding. In this paper, the development and change of total number of pig production, raising level, cost of production, net income and other indicators were analyzed through data and charts. The change history of the following five basic techniques of pig raising were also analyzed: breeding and reproduction, nutrition diet, pig environmental control, swine disease control, raising and management.

  Expression of Proto-oncogene c-fos, c-myc in different growth stages of Reborn Antlers of Tarim Deer’s Antler 2011, 27 (29):  9-12.  Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 605381KB )   ( 884 ) To study the effect of oncogene c-fos and c-myc on velvet antler growth, the antler yield of 231 Tarim wapitis were collected. And the first-cut antler and reborn fresh velvet antlers of 3 adult Tarim wapitis with 30 or 60-day-old were used to be experimental material. Quantitative expression in different zones of antler were determined by fluorescent quantitative PCR. The results demonstrated that the expression of c-myc in reborn dermal layer of antler early growth was lower than that in the first-cut antlers （P<0.01）. The gene c-myc is down regulated in dermal layer and cartilage layer of the reborn antler with 60-day-old, and compared to 60d of natural growth antler, it were significant difference in both of them（P<0.05）. The low expression of c-myc was observed in mesenchymal cells layer and precartilage cells layer in different growth period. Dropped expression of c-fos was observed in dermal layer of reborn antler while upward expression in cartilage layer from 30d to 60d and there was significant difference compared to natural growth antler(P＜0.05).Little variation was found between the expressions of c-fos in mesenchymal cells layer and precartilage cells layer.Express of c-fos in reborn antlers with 60-day old was similar to that the first-cut antler with 30d, and c-fos is down regulated in cartilage layer of the reborn antler. The results suggested that c-myc and c-fos mainly promote the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in dermal layer during the rapid growth of the antlers while in cartilage layer high expression of c-myc may inhibit cartilage osteoblast and low expression of c-fos inhibit process of Periosteal endogenous bone in antler’s growth period.

  Correlation Analysis on Egg-laying Performance and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Shanma Duck XIAO Tian-Fang 2011, 27 (29):  13-17.  Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 553632KB )   ( 909 ) In order to provide a scientific basis for early selection, the number of eggs and blood biochemical indexes were measured in Shanma duck. The results showed that the parameters were TP（67.571±5.522） g/L， ALB（23.371±3.296） g/L，GLB（44.289±3.252） g/L，GPT（48.022±11.036） U/L，GOT（37.622±21.895） U/L，GGT（3.333±1.945） U/L，AKP（187.511±106.655） U/L，CHOL（4.231±1.049） mmol/L，TG（15.704±4.925） mmol/L，EP（100.040±8.166），and the EP was significant correlation with TP, ALB, GLB, CHOL and TG（P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. The optimization regression equation of the number of eggs and blood biochemical indices was: Y=-16.580x1+16.501x2+16.595x3+97.187. Their regression relation was significant（P＜0.05), the partial regression coefficient all so（P＜0.05), and the index of correlation was 0.897.

  Effects of Combined Genotype of ESR 、FSH-β and PRLR on Litter Size in Pigs 2011, 27 (29):  18-22.  Abstract + ( 1138 )   PDF ( 649815KB )   ( 900 ) Abstract: This study was designed to analysis the effects of ESR、FSH-β and PRLR genes on litter size in three introduced swine (Landrace、Large Yorkshire、Duroc )of Liaoning province, single genotype effects as well as combined genotype effects were all studied, PCR-RFLP were applied to detect polymorphism of three genes. The results showed that there were there genotypes: AA、AB and BB for ESR、FSH-β and PRLR gene, the distributed difference of genotype was not significant(P＞0.05)，it was in genetic equilibrium for three genes. The results of single genotype effects showed that all LSM of the litter size had a gradually increasing tendency AA、AB and BB in turn, BB genotype of ESR and FSH-β gene were the superior one, but it was AA for PRLR gene. The results of combined genotype effects showed that BBBBAA was the dominant combination, there were significant differences （P＜0.05）or very significant differences（P＜0.01）in the combined genotypes effects, and the combined genotypes effects was higher than single genotypes effects. In conclusion, reproductive traits of swine could be improved by applying marker-assisted selection of combining genotypes.

  Test on Frozen Dilute Sperm of Extracts Adding Medicinal Herb in Northern Shaanxi Cashmere Goat 2011, 27 (29):  23-26.  Abstract + ( 971 )   PDF ( 578848KB )   ( 1028 ) The present study was designed to investigate the effect of extracts of medicinal herb which major component is barrenwort on frozen dilute sperm quality in northern shaanxi cashmere goat. Four simple prescriptions and one compound prescription were added into dilute sperm, according to volume fraction 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, respectively, and then frozen semen straws. The indexes of sperm activity rate, deformity rate, acrosome abnormity rate, survival time at normal temperature, effective survival time were analyzed, compared to that of control group. Results indicated that thaw sperm quality was the best among these groups when added 10% compound prescription extracts of barrenwort, morinda officinalis, dodder, actinolite, glycyrrhiza. Average of sperm activity rate, deformity rate, acrosome abnormity rate, survival time at normal temperature, effective survival time were 0.433, 14.28%, 16.64%, 8.00h and 4.56h respectively when added compound prescription into spermatozoa diluent. Results support that extracts of medicinal herb improve thaw sperm quality.

  ELISA progress in the diagnosis of foot and mouth disease 2011, 27 (29):  27-32.  Abstract + ( 1163 )   PDF ( 801875KB )   ( 989 ) Timely and accurate diagnosis is the key to control foot and mouth disease.Both in the laboratory or field, ELISA is the most common diagnostic methods of FMD because it has many advantages. We introduce the principles, characteristics and research progress of conventional and novel ELISA. The conventional ELISA, including Liquid-phase Blocking sandwich ELISA, Indirect ELISA, Solid-phase Competition ELISA and Indirect Sandwich ELISA .While McAb ELISA, RT-PCR ELISA, Biotin-avidin ELISA and Dot-ELISA belong to The novel ELISA .The direction of the development of ELISA is sensitive, stable, simple and easy to automate.ELISA would be more widely used in clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation, with advances in technology.

  Changes of the Transcription Levels of Molecules Associated with Endogenous Antigen Processing and Presentation of Porcine Skin-derived Dendritic Cells Infected with PCV2 in vivo 2011, 27 (29):  33-37.  Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 762172KB )   ( 845 ) Healthy Large White piglets of forty-day-old were euthanized on 3, 7, 14, 21 and 35 days post-infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and their skin-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were collected for analyzing the transcription levels of molecules (LMP7, UBP, MHC-I, calreticulin) associated with endogenous antigen processing and presentation by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (real-time FQ-PCR). The results showed that the transcription levels of LMP7 mRNAs were decreased significantly on 3 days post inoculation (DPI) (P < 0.05). UBP and calreticulin mRNAs were consistently higher during the experiment, only with significant differences on 21 and 35 DPI (P < 0.05) for UBP. And MHCⅠwere decreased significantly on 7 DPI (P < 0.05). All of the above results indicated a reduction in the ability of endogenous antigen processing and presentation of porcine skin-derived DCs during the early period of PCV2-infected piglets.

  Isolation,Identification and Drug Sensitive Test of Avian E. Coli in the Area of Jinzhou 2011, 27 (29):  38-41.  Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 605828KB )   ( 901 ) Samples were collected from the chiken that suspected as colibacillosis in Jinzhou district, 15 strains of Avian E.coli wew isolated. They were belonged to 14 serotypes,Serotype O15 、O35 constituted a majority of the isolates . Drug sensitive test were carried out on the 10 strains, the result showed that drug resistance and multi-drug resistant is serious, The sistant rate were 46.67%～100%，about 86.67% of the strains resist to more than 5 drugs in the test.

  Sequence Analysis of S Gene of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Isolated from Different Regions 2011, 27 (29):  46-49.  Abstract + ( 1016 )   PDF ( 582936KB )   ( 965 ) Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is an acute highly contagious disease of pigs caused by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). In this study, S gene sequences of several TGEV strains derived from different regions were analyzed for the homology and evolution. Sequence analysis of the S gene, including genetic distance measurement, phylogenetic tree analysis, and residue substitution analysis, showed that the S gene was highly conservative between each TGEV strains, but there existed the tendency of adenine nucleotide (A) mutation to thymidine nucleotide (T). This study shows that the nucleotide sequence analysis can form a base or further study on the virulence and epidemiological study of TGEV infections.

  Study on suppository of compand of β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound and quality inspection 2011, 27 (29):  50-53.  Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 587982KB )   ( 1081 )

  Nutritional Evaluation of essential amino acid in 11 feed ingredients 2011, 27 (29):  54-58.  Abstract + ( 1129 )   PDF ( 619173KB )   ( 1127 )

  Studies on Five Kinds of Isozyme in Different Tissues of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 2011, 27 (29):  59-63.  Abstract + ( 1236 )   PDF ( 1130171KB )   ( 962 ) To investigate the tissue specificity of isozymes from Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, 5 isozymes (MDH, ME, SOD, EST and GD) from 13 tissues (blood, gills, brain, liver, heart, stomach, kidney, gonad, muscle, intestinal, head kidney, spleen, and bladder) of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were preliminarily studied by using vertical polyacrylamide gel gradient electrophoresis. Isoenzyme bands of MDH in brain, kidney and head kidney was very special respectively. Only one isoenzyme bands of ME was presented in liver. Isoenzyme bands of SOD in brain, liver, intestinal and muscle was very special respectively. The most specific EST was in muscle. Isoenzyme bands of GD in gills and brain was very special respectively. The results showed that the five isozymes presented the tissue specificity to varying degrees.

  Full-length cDNA cloning and prokaryotic expression of Rab3 gene from Hyriopsis cumingii 2011, 27 (29):  64-71.  Abstract + ( 1187 )   PDF ( 1018054KB )   ( 948 ) According to the Hyriopsis cumingii (H. cumingii) expressed sequence tags (EST) obtained by constructing subtractive hybridization cDNA library, the gene full-length cDNA sequence of Rab3 from H. cumingii was cloned by RACE-PCR technique(GenBank accession number: HQ190954).. The results showed that the length of Rab3 gene cDNA sequence was 1 707bp, containing a complete open reading frame 666bp, encoding a peptide of 221 amino acid residues(aa), flanked by a 158 bp of 5’untranslated region(UTR)and a 883 bp of 3’-UTR. The deduced molecular weight of Rab3 is about 24.92KDa. Amino acid sequence analysis shows that, Suberites domuncula Rab-3like and Hyriopsis cumingii Rab3 is the highest, about 64%, evolutionary tree conclusion is the same with that result. The Rab3 positives was therefore designaged HcRab3(GenBank accession number: HQ190954).The result of analysis with NCBI Blastp , which beween HcRab3 and SdRab3, which shares a positives of 64%.Induced with 30℃, 5h, 1mM IPTG, the HcRab3 was expressed at high levels, electrophoretic analysis by SDS-PAGE revealed that 26kD Protein expression band was obtained. After Western-blot in healthy and deseased Hyriopsis cumingii lever protein, the expression ratio of Rab3 protein and beta actin is 0.438 and 0.580. Rab3 can regulating exocytosis of body neutrophils, it is preliminarily presumed that the HcRab3 maybe related to Hyriopsis cumingii plague.

  Study on the Envelop Surface Protein of White Spot Syndrome Virus（WSSV） qin chongtao 2011, 27 (29):  72-75.  Abstract + ( 1171 )   PDF ( 991108KB )   ( 940 ) In this study, using the biotin label transfer technique, we found that the biotin label was transferred from BSA or gill member protein of Litopenaeus vannamei to the envelop protein of WSSV. Western blotting showed that two proteins whose molecular weight among 50-55KD were labeled with biotin. It was concluded that the two proteins was location on the surface of the WSSV viron and could interact with the gill member protein of Litopenaeus vannamei. They were estimated to be VP52A and VP56.

  The Study on The Heavy Metal Pollution of Aquatic Feed in Fujian 2011, 27 (29):  76-79.  Abstract + ( 1142 )   PDF ( 562765KB )   ( 1286 ) This paper studied the heavy metal pollution of lead, mercury, inorganic arsenic, cadmium and chrome in the sample of mainly aquatic feed and raw material in Fujian；The content of lead, mercury, inorganic arsenic, cadmium and chrome in samples were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry and hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry；The results showed that: Lead content in the sample of aquatic feed were 0.05 ～3.52mg/kg, Mercury content were < 0.00 ~ 0.912 mg/kg, Inorganic arsenic levels were < 0.01 ~ 5.40 mg/kg, Cadmium content were 0.08 ~3.05 mg/kg and Chrome content were 1.28 ~ 20.46 mg/kg. Lead content in the sample of raw material were < 0.01 ~ 7.51 mg/kg, Mercury content were < 0.001 ~ 0.476 mg/kg, Inorganic arsenic levels were < 0.01 ~ of 143 mg/kg and cadmium content were < 0.01 ~ 139 mg/kg；The content of mercury, inorganic arsenic, cadmium and chromium were higher than the Standard Limit, and there were the heavy metal pollution and risk issues in Part of aquatic feed in Fujian.

  Effect of Quinocetone on Body Composition of Carp 2011, 27 (29):  80-84.  Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 675612KB )   ( 787 ) Abstract：Using single-factor gradient design, experimental feedstuff of equal nitrogen and equal energy were added Quinocetone by 0 mg/kg , 25 mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 125 mg/kg to feed carp for 50d, feedstuff added no growth-promoting agent being for comparision. Results showed that, content of protein and calcium in carp reached the highest when added Quinocetone by 50mg/kg, 5.52% and 1.11% higher than control group. When Quinocetone was added by 75 mg/kg, contents of moisture, ash and lipid being the lowest, 5.41%,1.76% and 0.75% lower than control group. When Quinocetone content in feedstuff ranged 50-75 mg/kg , nutrition composition of carp performs well.

  Differences in Alkaloid Contents and Smoking Quality among Different Leaf Traits for Flue-cured Tobacco 2011, 27 (29):  85-91.  Abstract + ( 951 )   PDF ( 867979KB )   ( 769 ) The experiments were set up with ‘NC89’, the leading variety in middle Henan, 2009. To investigate the middle leaves length and the weight of per leaf of individual alkaloids and smoking quality and the relationship of leaf traits. Results showed that there existed positive correlation with leaf length and other leaf characters of middle and upper leaf except weight per area and leaf length of middle leaves had negative correlation .The appropriate ranges of middle and upper leaves length were 56-68 cm and 55-65 cm and with the length increased 3 cm the nicotine contents increased 2.80 mg/g and 1.67 mg/g. With the weight per leaf increased 2 g, the nicotine content increased 2.2 mg/g in the range of 8-16 g of middle leaves and with the weight per leaf increased 3 g, the nicotine contents increased 1.60 mg/g in the range of 9-21 g of upper leaves. Nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine and anabasine had the same change with the different leaf traits and the alkaloids content of middle and upper leaves had the same changes with the leaves length and weight per leaf change. The appropriate ranges of middle and upper leaves length were 53.01-68.99 and 59.01-65.99 cm, weight per leaf were 14.001-16.999 and 15.001-18.999 g had the better smoking quality.

  Evaluation and Analysis of Quality and Safety of Chenxiang Tea 2011, 27 (29):  92-96.  Abstract + ( 1068 )   PDF ( 633294KB )   ( 1134 ) In order to prove the quality and safety of Chenxiang Tea, using Chenxiang Tea produced in different place as materials. The research appraised and analyzed the main quality and safety index of Chenxiang Tea by national standard methods. The result showed that Pu’er scattered tea contained more total numbers of colony. Aspergillus flavus, diarrhoea causative Escherichia, Escherichia coli, Salmonella were not detected in this research and Staphyloccocus aureus was detected only in one sample. Pesticide residues accorded with GB 2763—2005 maximum levels of contaminants in foods. The content of heavy metal Pb was in the range of 0.38-4.70 mg/kg, according with standards for tea quality and standards for maximum levels of contaminants in foods. The total ash content was in the range of 5.42%-7.27% and the water-unsoluble ash was in the range of 2.1%-3.81%. The water-soluble ash accounted for 50% of total ash. The acid-unsoluble ash content was in the range of 0.139%-0.793%, which illustrated the less mud and sand in tea and better quality. As a whole the safety of Chenxiang Tea was credible.

  Studies on the Residue Stabilization Analysis of Tebuconazole in Banana and Wheat with GC 2011, 27 (29):  97-101.  Abstract + ( 1117 )   PDF ( 801875KB )   ( 855 ) A residue analysis method was established for tebuconazole. 1.0 mg/L of the tebuconazole standard working solution, bananas and wheat extraction, matrix spiked 1.0 mg/kg tebuconazole at -20℃, 4℃, 25℃ were preserved for 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days and 14 days in the stability test. The results showed after 14 days tebuconazole decomposition rates of standard working solution were 6.95%, 9.94% and 15.92%, respectively. Tebuconazole extract after 14 days decomposition rates were 11.47% and 19.64%, 23.88% and 23.12%, 26.94% and 27.49%, matrix spiked samples decomposition storage for 7 days rates were 23.42% and 27.18%, 19.14% and 26.73%.

  Effect of Abelmoschus Manihot Flavone on Lipid Metabolism in Diabetic Mice 2011, 27 (29):  102-106.  Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 628604KB )   ( 1047 ) To explore effect of Abelmoschus manihot flavone (AMF) on blood lipids and SOD on diabetic mice. The diabetic mice model was made, the mice were divided randomly into 5 groups according to the blood glucose: normal control group, blood glucose positive control group, flavone high-dose, middle-dose, low-dose group. The level of blood lipid and SOD index were observed. Results showed that: in diabetic group, the blood lipid was significantly increased in comparison with control group. One dose of AMF could significantly increase SOD and HDL-c, at the same time, the TC was significantly decreased. AMF could effectively correct the discord of lipid metabolism and improve antioxidation ability invivo in diabetic.

  Analysis on Distribution of Color Wheat Main Physicochemical Parameters and Study on its Layering Milling Technology 2011, 27 (29):  107-113.  Abstract + ( 1090 )   PDF ( 1703766KB )   ( 866 ) To boost the industrialization of color wheat, meet the demand of people on nutritious grain, realize the security and natural nutrition of food. Method to layering peeling milling technology and measurement on wheat anti-crush hardness index are implied to study the influence of color wheat nutriments distribution and it’s hardness to separation milling of each nutritious part. The results showed that total content on amino acid in color wheat was 13.91%-23.32% higher than common wheat. Compared the main nutriments Se, Zn, Fe, Ca between color wheat and common wheat, Se, Fe, and Ca content in ‘Zhongpu Black I’ and ‘Zhongpu Green I’ were higher than common wheat, while the content on ‘Zhongpu Purple I’ was lower that common wheat. Especially the Fe and Ca content in ‘Zhongpu Green I’ were 371.80% and 102.86% higher than common wheat, respectively. This research demonstrated that color wheat was full of nutriments. The purpose for industrial processing on color wheat could be reached by layering peeling milling technology. Meanwhile, it was found that key point affecting on the nutriments separating was the hardness. This study sets an example for development and optimal use of color wheat nutriments.

  The Comparative Study of Rain-shelter on Fruit Quality of Cabernet Sauvignon 2011, 27 (29):  114-118.  Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 767395KB )   ( 1125 ) In this study, the author adopted the rain-shelter method to change the small environment of Cabernet Sauvignon fruit, sugar, acids, phenols and other indicators were measured by comparing the open field and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes cultivated by rain-shelter to study the rain-shelter on fruit quality of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, so as to improve the cultivation and management during the grape growing, and provide a theoretical basis for cultivating high-quality grapes. The results showed that: rain-shelter cultivation conditions was benefit to the accumulation of sugars, organic acids in decomposition and formation of polyphenols, but the impact of the rain-shelter shed light was not benefit to the formation of anthocyanin. Therefore, the change of light condition under rain-shelter cultivation would improve the fruit quality.

  Empirical Research of Grain Plant Industry in Henan Province with Cobb-Douglas Function 2011, 27 (29):  119-123.  Abstract + ( 1081 )   PDF ( 595008KB )   ( 1232 ) In order to empirical research on the contribution rate of input factors to cultivate industry, and compare the effect of human and capital investment on output, test and verify economies of scale. Selected 1978-2009 unit of the cultivated area grain yield, number of employees, agricultural machinery power as analysis indicators in Henan Province, which has the biggest grain output, the largest population of China, using Cobb-Douglas production function of regression analysis, Wald inspection with the constraint condition of regression coefficients, quantitative analysis the relationship between input elements and output, discover the quantity relationship characteristics and existing problems, targeted some suggestions and measures. The results showed that human input made more than 90% contribution of farming outputs index in Henan Province, Wald-test the simplified Cobb-Douglas functions fit good, the agricultural labor force made a large proportion of contribution to grain plant industry, and economies of scale effect was not obvious.

  Analysis of Castor Industry in China Based on Industrial Chain Perspective 2011, 27 (29):  124-127.  Abstract + ( 1057 )   PDF ( 549261KB )   ( 1289 ) The overall development of castor industry in China was analyzed from a perspective of castor industrial chain consisting of castor bean plantation, processing and marketing of castor-related products. The four bottlenecks affecting the healthy development of castor industrial chain in China were unfavorable environment, inadequate supply of raw materials, low utilization rate of products, and backward marketing. Countermeasures including constructing a favorable industrial environment, building the supplying bases of raw material, developing and marketing castor-related products, were proposed to promote the development of castor industry in China.

  Distribution Characteristic Analysis of References for Core Journals of Agricultural Economics 2011, 27 (29):  128-132.  Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 525025KB )   ( 1543 ) The reference is an import symbol to weight the degree of absorbing the extraneous information and science exchange. Applying the bibliometrics method, the author statistical analyzed the references for the 16 kinds of core journals of agricultural economics (average amount, the type, the variation coefficient, the Chinese-English, yearly distribution). It obtained the characteristics of the references. The analysis result indicated that the articles in the core journals of agricultural economics should pay more attention to the references; further enhance the ability of absorbing the domestic and foreign advanced scientific and technical achievements; improve the citation of the newest references.

  Multidimensional Time Series Analysis Based on Support Vector Regression and Geostatistics 2011, 27 (29):  133-138.  Abstract + ( 1329 )   PDF ( 682370KB )   ( 1656 ) To construct a novel nonlinear multidimensional time series analysis approach named as GS-SVR based on geostatistics (GS) and support vector machine regression (SVR), which could provide a fast order determination and show the dynamic characteristics of dataset as well as the effect of environmental factors. Firstly, stabilizing the time series and estimating the order by geostatistics. Secondly, screening the variable by leave-one-out method based on SVR and eliminating redundant information of variables by principal component analysis (PCA). Lastly, the reliability of GS-SVR was tested by two agricultural datasets with one-step prediction. The prediction results showed that GS-SVR had the higher prediction precision and stability compared with all reference models. As a novel nonlinear multidimensional time series analysis approach integrating time series analysis with regression analysis, GS-SVR had order determination quickly and accurately and higher prediction precision. It can be widely used in the prediction area of agriculture, ecology and economics.

  Design and Application of Greenhouse Remote Automatic Tele-monitoring System 2011, 27 (29):  139-144.  Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 1382480KB )   ( 1203 ) In view of the feature of greenhouse environment, this paper proposed a greenhouse remote tele-monitoring system based on 3G wireless communications technology and VPN (Virtual Private Network) network technology. The system can establish a wireless virtual private network between greenhouse field devices and central server, realizing automatic collection of data, remote transmission, storage management, web publishing, analysis and achieving the remote auxiliary control of greenhouse equipment control at the same time. The results showed that: the system was designed reasonable, reliable and can meet data acquisition of a variety of environmental factors and multiple remote control of greenhouse accessories. View of the universal framework used in design techniques, the system extended to use to other agricultural areas, such as agricultural condition monitoring, meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning and so on, had huge application demand.

  Design and Research of Information System for Agriculture Resource Management and Service in the State Farms of Bingtuan –The Case Study of the 149th Regiment of the 8th Agricultural Division 2011, 27 (29):  145-150.  Abstract + ( 1267 )   PDF ( 1679093KB )   ( 1501 ) In order to improve the management level of agricultural resource in Xinjiang production and construction corps (XPCC) farm, to realize the effective sharing of the agricultural resource data, to provide the agriculture information service for agricultural workers. The authors designed a information system for agriculture resource management and service in the state farms of Bingtuan, took the 149th regiment of the 8th agricultural division as an example, based on the structure of business management in the new farm of XPCC and the computer database technology and the geography information system (GIS) technology. The authors analyzed the necessity and the basic design of the information system, which included the data type analysis, the concept design and the structure design etc. In addition, this paper showed part system application example figures, established an agricultural resource management and service information system which could set management function and service function with the whole process and made the existing agricultural resource information of corps farm been stored uniformly, managed effectively and shared conveniently, while it can store the current data dynamically, thereby improved the level of agricultural resource management.

  The Personalized Push Technology of Agriculture and Rural Information Service 2011, 27 (29):  151-156.  Abstract + ( 1005 )   PDF ( 920650KB )   ( 1055 ) Push technology as a highly effective and efficient method of information acquisition, has a effective way to achieve personalized information services. However, what push technology shows in the field of the agriculture and rural information service is not ideal. The main reason is that push technology lacking of direction is difficult to meet the individual requirement of users. Facing the shortcomings of push technology, this paper proposes several new methods, such as geographical partition push, collaborative filtering, time push block and memory push. These new technology are put into agricultural and rural information push services, and these problems mentioned before are solved. These new methods which improve the level of agricultural and rural information services actively promote china’s agricultural and rural information process.

  An Empirical analysis of the regional differences of the information needs of farmers-A Case Study of Shaanxi 2011, 27 (29):  157-161.  Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 731040KB )   ( 729 ) Researches of the level of the information needs of farmers in different areas are important in improving the information services in rural areas. The information needs of farmers have been analyzed based on questionnaire in different areas in Shaanxi Province. It indicates that the information needed, the methods in acquiring the information, the channels in acquiring the information, the factors affecting the acquiring the information and the satisfaction to the information services shows obvious regional differences. The results of this study will provide reference for all levels of government and related businesses.

  Yunnan Agricultural Information Service New Mode for the Development of the Agriculture, Rural Areas and the Peasantry 2011, 27 (29):  162-166.  Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 537767KB )   ( 1000 ) In order to solve the ‘the last mile’ problem of agricultural information transferring and accelerate the agricultural informationization to serve the agriculture, rural areas and the peasantry, Yunnan academy of agricultural sciences, Yunnan branch of the Xinhua news agency and Yunnan company of China mobile communications corporation established the service platform of agricultural informationization for poverty alleviation in rural information service in Yunnan together. In this article, the author mainly introduced the construction, contents, functions, implementation means and achievements of this platform and put forward some advices: 1) people should select a low-cost and local information mode in the construction of information system in rural areas; 2) establish and perfect the long-efficiency mechanism to ensure the sustainable development of the service platform; 3) perfect the function of platform and develop the service of information integration based on mobile digital library in Yunnan; 4) improve the construction of this service system to make it perfect and push forward industrial development of agricultural information.

  Development of Farmers’ Land Rights and Interests Since 1949 2011, 27 (29):  167-171.  Abstract + ( 1057 )   PDF ( 497257KB )   ( 987 ) Farmer land rights and interests in farmland system were analyzed relatively comprehensively since 1949. Firstly the rights and interests on the basis of the farmland system were analyzed in the planned economy time including the initial period of China, elementary cooperative time as well as advanced cooperative time. Secondly the rights and interests were analyzed after the reform and opening up including initial period of reform and opening of obtaining the contract power, overall implementation stage of the household responsibility system of possessing the stable contract power as well as perfect stage of the household responsibility system of usufructuary right of the contract power. Should say, our country is devoting the farmland system adjustment to maintain farmer land rights and interests since reform and opening up.

  Comparative Analysis of Main Farmland Circulation Modes in Zhongyuan Rural Areas 2011, 27 (29):  172-176.  Abstract + ( 1012 )   PDF ( 521277KB )   ( 1077 ) In order to comprehensively graspe the farmland circulation condition in Zhongyuan rural areas, this paper comparatively analyzed some village cases and summarized five kinds of modes that were the model peasant household sponsored, the model basic-level organization pushed, the model leading enterprise pushed, the model farmer cooperative pushed and the model the land bank pushed. So, the author comprehensively analyzed participant’s rights and obligations, specification and fairness, efficiency of every model. Finally, the author gave some advices such as choosing suitable circulation pattern, exerting government’s control, guidance function, strengthening village collective organization coordination function, establishing intermediary organizations, rewarding farmland circulation, and so on.

  An Empirical Study on Farmland Transfer Behavior of Rural Household in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Region——A Survey Based on 273 Farmers 2011, 27 (29):  177-181.  Abstract + ( 924 )   PDF ( 559228KB )   ( 797 ) In order to realize the influencing factors on farmland transfer of rural household and its influencing mechanism in Poyang Lake eco-economic region, based on data obtained from questionnaires on 273 rural household in that region, the author conducted analysis of influencing factors on farmers’ landing influx and out flux behavior respectively by making use of the logistic model. The results indicated: (1) some factors had an obvious positive influence on farmers’ landing influx, such as householder’s age, householder’s education level, the non-agricultural income, farmland area, the day of water conservancy facilities, the situation of hiring workers and the cooperative organization and the cognitive of subsidy policy, and some factors had an obvious negative influence on farmers’ landing influx, such as the number of family labor, the cognitive of scale and the difficulty degrees of getting funds behavior, and another factors had no influence on farmers’ landing influx, such as the smooth condition of land, the day of water conservancy facilities, the cognitive of subsidy policy and the way of sale; (2) some factors had an obvious positive influence on farmers’ landing out flux, such as householder’s age, householder's education level, the number of family labor, the situation of the cooperative organization, the cognitive of scale, some factors had an obvious negative influence on farmers’ landing out flux, such as the day of water conservancy facilities, the cognitive of subsidy policy, the way of sale, and another factors had no influence on farmers’ landing outflow, such as the farmland area, the smooth condition of land, the situation of hiring workers behavior. Householders and their household characteristics had great influence on land transfer, these should been paid more attention on.

  A Research Review about the Intensive Land Use 2011, 27 (29):  182-186.  Abstract + ( 1048 )   PDF ( 556605KB )   ( 1154 ) In consideration of the importance of intensive land use for land management practice, researchers conducted many analyses on the connotation, methods and objectives of it. With a view to distinguishing the experience from inadequacy and going a step ahead, the authors reviewed present intensive land use literatures by way of input and output conjunction and cause and outcome connection. After the comments of literature on intensive land use in the extension of study, scale and time transfer and model methods, the authors put forward some suggestions for further study: (1) We should differently define urban intensive land use and rural intensive land use according to their distinct characteristic. (2) We should pay more attention to the utilization of “3S” to analyze so much data relate to intensive land use. (3) Our research should consciously focus on practical land planning and management, and stipulate some standards and develop some applicable software facing to land administrator.

  Analysis of the problems and countermeasures in Farmers specialized cooperative------Based on the background of cooperatives’ rapid development 2011, 27 (29):  187-192.  Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 611527KB )   ( 974 ) In order to promote farmer specialized cooperatives’ rapid, healthy and continuous development, this paper analyzes some main problems of farmer specialized cooperative appeared in it’s rapid process. The analysis base on the 66 research data and 8 interview materials of farmer specialized cooperatives in Hebei province. The results show that the problems include the small scale, the narrow service field, the shortage of capital and talent, the lack of enthusiasm membership,the imperfect system and poor stability operation mechanism. The paper also explains corresponding reasons, and then proposes some measures and suggestions.

  Rearch on the sustainable development of the new rural finance 2011, 27 (29):  193-198.  Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 627971KB )   ( 1007 ) At present, the rural finance was still the weakest part of the finance system in our country, which the organization coverage is low, the mechanism is imperfect, the service supplies are not full, and the problem of “the difficulty of loan” is still not to obtain the fundamental change. Therefore, in order to improve the current rural finance situation, the country should develop new rural finance and innovate the rural finance system. The new rural finance has comparative advantages of the full information, the nimble operation, the latent good quality of the property and so on, therefore, the country must strengthen support for the new rural finance, encourage innovation of the rural finance system, build bridge and channel of the supplies and the demand for the rural finance and promote the development of the new rural finance

  Game Theory Analysis of the Existence and Development of Rural Informal Finance-from the Perspective of Rural Financial Ecology Uneven Development 2011, 27 (29):  199-203.  Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 952424KB )   ( 804 ) Under the viewing angle of the entities of rural financial ecology uneven development, the paper constructed analytical framework, and offered reference on optimization the behavior of the entities of rural financial ecology. Using the dynamic game theory with imperfect information, the entities behavior of rural financial ecology was analyzed, and the optimal equilibrium between the local government, informal finance and types of borrowers were found. The important role of local government in the formation and development of rural informal finance was point out. Because of the difference of the game times and punishment for dishonesty, the strategy selection of the rural borrowers also affect the development of rural informal finance. At last, the strategy selection of the entities of rural financial ecology was analyzed, and reasonable countermeasures were offered.

  Popularization of Science Beware of “Distortion,” “Speechless,” “Failure” 2011, 27 (29):  204-207.  Abstract + ( 1288 )   PDF ( 502800KB )   ( 868 ) In order to enhance the popular science paying more attention, and depend largely on the mobilization scientists to advance science causes and resources construction, to innovate popular science activities. in view of the popular science work and activities have been appeared "definitive enough", "targeted shortage", "lacking practicability. According to the practice, the popular science "distortion", "Speechless", "failure" phenomenon really gave some thought to the problem, and put forward some solutions to the problems of the main countermeasures.

  Emergy Index Analysis of Agro-ecological Economic System of Jiangxi Province 2011, 27 (29):  208-213.  Abstract + ( 931 )   PDF ( 569952KB )   ( 891 ) In order to evaluate the emergy output structure and its trend of agro-ecological economic system of Jiangxi Province, and provide the basis for the formulation of the countermeasures for the sustainable development of Jiangxi agricultural system, based on the studying input emergy and output emergy of agro-ecological economic system of Jiangxi, the author constructed the structure of various emergy index and analyzed the structure, function, efficiency and development trend of agro-ecological system in Jiangxi Province. The results showed that the rate of emergy input was higher organic emergy much more, industrial auxiliary emergy was little, system in self sustaining production status with strong tradition and higher conservative; The rate of net emergy output was low, the system was in the stage of labor-intensive, low intensive degree, and low production efficiency extensive; the environmental loading ratio was in larger growth, which indicated that the system rose ceaselessly on emergy using technology and the environmental pressure were getting bigger and bigger; sustainable development index of system emergy was 0.176-0.225 which was far less than 1, the system was a typical consumption-based ecological system, output emergy obtains by consuming more resources. Agricultural system of Jiangxi should optimize the emergy input and output structure, improve energy efficiency and production efficiency, increase the devotion of technology ingredients, pay attention to the coordination and unity and system of ecological management of rationality, combining the modern high-tech with the essence of traditional agricultural technology, change the traditional extensive mode to modern scientific technology, highly intensive and high efficiency.

  Advance in Organic Carbon Stock and Carbon Emission in Terrestrial Ecosystem 2011, 27 (29):  214-218.  Abstract + ( 1635 )   PDF ( 549652KB )   ( 1071 ) Global warming is one of the urgent environmental problems. Carbon cycle takes a major role in climate changes, which becomes a hot issue interesting more and more scientists. The fractional change of SOC pool and soil respiration may cause violent changes in the climate of the earth. Increasing SOC sequestration and reducing soil carbon dioxide emissions play an important role for relieving global warming. Based on the previous research, the author mainly discussed the research and prospects for soil organic carbon stock and carbon dioxide missions. Meanwhile, the author also analyzed the factors of soil respiration, such as soil temperature, soil water content, atmospheric precipitation and tillage. The author discussed key issues and further tasks, including the mechanism of soil respiration, the factors of carbon emissions, the carbon sequestration and the measures for emission reduction.Key words: Soil organic carbon; Soil organic carbon stock; Soil respiration

  Evolution Research on Daqing Wetland in Recent 20 Years Based on RS and GIS 2011, 27 (29):  219-223.  Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 2535144KB )   ( 683 ) Some methods like combining remote sensing interpretation with field investigation, combining SPOT5 image data in France in 2007 with TM5 image data in America, and combining investigation of present situation with analysis of historical data, were used to further investigate the types, areas, distribution status and dynamic changes of the wetland resources in Daqing. The image of remote sensing satellite was disposed based on ecology, then the data of Daqing wetland in the years needed were obtained. From this, models of dynamic degree were established and the reasons and characteristics of evolution of Daqing wetland in recent 20 years were described briefly. Besides, human interference was found to be the main factor to threat the wetland. It could provide certain scientific basis for effective protection of the ecosystem and its environmental function in Daqing wetland, and also for sustainable management and reasonable use of the wetland resources.

  Analysis of Land-use Change in Zhaoyuan County Based on GIS and RS 2011, 27 (29):  224-228.  Abstract + ( 962 )   PDF ( 1384568KB )   ( 803 ) In order to develop rational land use and protection of Zhaoyuan County, based on 1988, 1996 and 2001 TM images and other data, the author achieved the land-use change data by human-computer interactive. By using the spatial analysis and statistic methods of GIS, the dynamic change of land-use in Zhaoyuan County during the period from 1988 to 2001 was researched. The results showed that the area of cultivated land, grassland and sand increased, water and mire wetland decreased, and others was in small change. The comparison between the two periods revealed that the dynamic degree of former section (1988-1996) was bigger than the latter section (1996-2001). Moreover, land-use changed result in the reduction of bio-diversity, the desertification of land and degeneration of grassland.

  Intensive Utilization Evaluation of Industrial Land in Xining City from Medium-scalePerspective 2011, 27 (29):  229-234.  Abstract + ( 1018 )   PDF ( 682449KB )   ( 793 ) The evaluation of city land use for industrial is one of the important parts that compose of the potential evaluation of the land intensive utilization in city. Based on the data of industrial land of Xining City in 2008, the corresponding appraisal index system was chosen, the index weight was made sure and the integrative evaluation model was built up. Taking the sample piece as the representative of function area, the land intensive use degree of industrial function area was figured out by the integrative evaluation method, and the scale potential and economic potential of industrial land was calculated. The results showed: (1) The intensive level of industrial land use was moderate in Xining City, the appropriate use land and the low use land accounted for 88.06% and 11.94% of the total area of industrial function area. (2) The potentiality of industrial land was larger in Xining City, the absolute scale potential was 853.99 hm2 and the relative scale potential was 33.73%, the economic potential was 258.853 million RMB and the unit economic potential was 1676.51 yuan/m2.

  Performance Evaluation for Land Consolidation Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 2011, 27 (29):  235-240.  Abstract + ( 1079 )   PDF ( 953166KB )   ( 1147 ) The paper adopted all-mood analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and multi-level fuzzy comprehensive assessment method, constructed the performance evaluation system of land consolidation project, and carried on the empirical analysis. The author was taking Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 10 pilot project of land consolidation project as an example, combining with actual situation, evaluating the land consolidation project from the use of funds, project implementation, project management and project construction, to provide new ideas and methods for the performance evaluation of land consolidation project. The results showed that performance level of 81% of land consolidation project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, which was better. It was advising that from setting up the performance evaluation institutions of land consolidation, establishing and improving the information filing system, creating an electronic performance evaluation system, making long term evaluation mechanism.

  Analysis and Prediction of Pressure Index of Cultivated Land in the Central Shaanxi Area 2011, 27 (29):  241-245.  Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 739643KB )   ( 863 ) In order to understand the cultivated land use status of the central Shaanxi area and provide reference for rational utilization of cultivated land resources, this paper analyzed the causes and variation of the minimum area of cultivated land per capita and pressure index of cultivated land in this region during 1990 to 2009 using the pressure index of cultivated land model, then predicted the pressure index in the coming year of 2010 to 2020. The results showed that, since 1990, the minimum area of cultivated land per capita in the central Shaanxi area reduced volatility, due to the different reduced speed of the realistic cultivated land per capita and the minimum area of cultivated land per capita, the pressure index of cultivated land was fluctuation and downward trend in the last two years. Projections indicated that, the effect of science and technology investment to reduce the minimum area of cultivated land per capita would be greater than of population growth and economic development to reduce the realistic cultivated land per capita, and 2010-2020, the pressure index of cultivated land in the central Shaanxi area would decrease gradually, but always greater than 1, there would be pressure on cultivated land.

  The Analysis of Soil Nutrients Difference at Different Altitudinal and Soil Type in Badong Tobacco Growing Areas 2011, 27 (29):  246-250.  Abstract + ( 1401 )   PDF ( 546635KB )   ( 1175 ) The relative analysis on pH, alkaline-N, available P, available K and the organic matter of Badong 300 soil mixed samples about different altitude and soil types, in order to develop the level of Badong County Tobacco Corporation’s production technology with more scientific factor, Badong country soil of tobacco was divided into three areas. The first area was altitude below 1200 m, the nutrient characteristics was pH moderate slant acerbity, alkaline-N moderate, the organic matter on the high side, we should take “control nitrogen, maintain stable of phosphorus, increase potassium” of step, at the same time, should improve organic activation degree. The second area was the attitude between 1200-1400 m, the nutrient characteristics were pH moderate slant acerbity, alkaline-N and available P moderate, but available K was obviously lower, the content of organic matter was same to the first area. After took appropriate steps to do soil melioration, this area can be used as quality flue-cured tobacco growing area. The third area was beyond 1400 m, the nutrient content of this area can be vary greatly, hard to adjust it, this area had not suitable for high quality of flue-cured tobacco as a production area.

  Research Progress on Soil Salinization in Arid Irrigated Area of Northwestern China 2011, 27 (29):  251-256.  Abstract + ( 1035 )   PDF ( 582353KB )   ( 945 ) Due to the influence of climate and human activities, the soil salinization problem in arid irrigated area of northwestern China has become more serious and has been the hot research topic in recent years. The author reviewed the status of soil salinization in northwest arid irrigated area and summarized the existing research methods and content. At last, the author put forward the existing problems and some ideas for future research: (1) in the study of salt and water movement in arid irrigated area, the salinity source had not been conformed and further research was needed; (2) the irrigation methods in arid irrigated area faced a number of difficult problems, especially the influence of salt-water irrigation to salinization, which were need further research; (3) in the study of soil salinization control, people can use a combination of many techniques together to gains that achieve an optimum method.

  The Remediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Soil by Washing with Chemicals and its Effects on Crops 2011, 27 (29):  257-263.  Abstract + ( 1335 )   PDF ( 600989KB )   ( 949 ) In order to research the effects of remedying heavy metal polluted soil with washing chemicals, the heavy metal polluted soil, on where plants were not able to grow, was remedied by chemical washing. The washing chemicals of water, lime solution and EDTA solution were used single or combinational to sequential wash soil. Four crops of rice, soybean, corn and pumpkin were planted on treated soil in order to assess effects of chemical. The results indicated that water, lime solution and EDTA solution could extract heavy metals from soil, but their ability were different, with EDTA solution>water>lime solution. The four crops were able to germinate on treated soils, but all crops were all phytotoxic and died after germination on the soil washed by water or EDTA solution. The biomass of plants grown on the soils washed by lime solution or water +lime solution was higher than that of other treatments. All crops accumulated more heavy metals from remedied soils than that from normal soil, but the accumulating ability of soybean and rice to heavy metals was higher than corn and pumpkin. The conclusion was that lime was able to reduce toxicity and was a good amender for remedying the polluted soil by heavy metals; the accumulating abilities to heavy metals of soybean and rice were higher than that of corn and pumpkin.

  Research Progress on Effects of Grazing on Microorganisms in Grassland Soil 2011, 27 (29):  264-270.  Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 623301KB )   ( 1130 ) As an indispensable part in grassland ecosystem, microorganisms play an important role in energy flow and material transformation. This paper reviewed the advances in the studies on different grazing intensities on compose of soil microbiota, distribution pattern of microbes and soil microbial biomass of grassland. Finally, this study proposed the key points of soil microbial research in the future.

  Research Advancement in Nitric Nitrogen Pollution of Ground Water by Agriculture Activities 2011, 27 (29):  271-275.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 531534KB )   ( 1002 ) Nitrate leaching in farming soil is the main reason resulting in ground water pollution of nitrate. The author had summarized nitric nitrogen pollution in ground water in recent years, pointed out that fertilizer management and soil texture structure were major influencing factors. Also, some effective methods, such as fertilization based on nitrogen and organic fertilizers, rational cultivation, water management and new type efficiency fertilizer application, were put forward to reduce nitrogen leaching, reduce the ground water pollution and improve use efficiency. Also, the author introduced some evaluation measures, such as physical investigation, ions tracing method and model simulation, and their great significance. The combination of fertilizer management and model would be the hot research in future.

  The Achievements, Problems and Growing Point on Study of Plant Phenology 2011, 27 (29):  276-283.  Abstract + ( 1133 )   PDF ( 682189KB )   ( 1520 ) With global warming, the response of plant phenology to global warming has become the study focus. The author looked at a lot of research data at the same time of plant phenology observations in the years. This paper analyzed the main problems and find out the growing point of future development of phenology based on research on phenology characteristics, applied research of phenology, response phenological to global change and research methods of phenology are reviewed: (1) search for genes on the environmentally sensitive on the plant phenology; (2) the application development of research results; (3) automatic methods of observation on plant’ phenology.

  Features of Vegetation Change in the Middle South of Ningxia and its Relationship with Climatic Factors in the Nearly 25 Years 2011, 27 (29):  284-289.  Abstract + ( 1392 )   PDF ( 1085376KB )   ( 1500 ) In order to learn about features of vegetation change in the middle south of Ningxia on the monthly average, seasonal average, the annual average and decadal time, including the change of green and brown waves, and its relationship with climate variables, the author used the monthly GIMMS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and the data of precipitation and temperature in the middle south of Ningxia between 1982 and 2006, found that the annual mean of NDVI was getting better continuously, although there were undulations in vegetation cover over past 25 years in this region. The dynamic variations of NDVI on a seasonal basis obvious increases occurred except summer. The change of green and brown waves revealed that NDVI had significantly seasonal and regional variation. From the statistical analysis, the result showed that the seasonal annual NDVI showed a positive correlation with precipitation, and a negative correlation with surface air temperature Moreover there was a significant positive correlation between spring mean precipitation and following summer, fall and annual mean NDVI, suggesting that spring rainfall was a key factor to determine the distribution of vegetation in the middle south of Ningxia. In summary, relationships between annual variation of seasonal vegetation and climatic factors represented temporal rhythm controls of temperature and precipitation on grass growth, and dynamic monitoring of the vegetation variation could reflect the trend of climate change to some extent.

  Distribution Characteristics of Weather Phenomena Affected on Vision Obstruction Along the Baoji-Tianshui Highway 2011, 27 (29):  290-295.  Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 698430KB )   ( 797 ) In order to complete the weather service along Baoji-Tianshui highway, based on the data of weather phenomenon which reducing the visibility, in Tianshui and Baoji national meteorological observation stations from 1961 to 2008, the variation and distribution characteristics of vision obstruction weather phenomena along Baoji-Tianshui highway had been analyzed. The results showed that the sand storm was small probability climatic event. The fog days increased and dust and dust blowing days decreased from east to west. The fog days appeared mainly in October and the frequency was 0.56 days a year in the whole line. The dust and dust blowing appeared mainly in March to May and frequency of dust and dust blowing were 1.4 and 0.7 days a year respectively along the whole line. The disadvantages whether phenomenon for highway decreased in recent years. The fog days decreased with 0.34 days every year in Baoji and 0.01 days every year in Tianshui. Dust days decreased with 0.41 days in Baoji and 1.37 days in Tianshui. There were no dust blowing days since 2002 in Baoji and the phenomenon decreased with 0.37 days every year in Tianshui. The author suggested that people should follow the variation law of weather phenomenon and make measurement to copy the disadvantageous weather condition.

  Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Drought-flood Hazards in Henan Province and its Relationship with Region Grain Output 2011, 27 (29):  296-300.  Abstract + ( 909 )   PDF ( 711256KB )   ( 708 ) Under the background of global warming, meteorological disasters have been increasing and the extreme drought events have frequently taken place, resulting in serious losses to regional grain production. Among the meteorological disasters, floods and droughts are the most directly related to grain production and the relationship between these disasters and the grain yield could provide basis for hazards mitigation and grain supply. According to the statistics of the affected area, inundated area, crop planting area and grain output from 1988 to 2007 in Henan Province, this paper analyzed temporal and spatial distribution of drought-flood hazards and its relationship with region grain output. Results showed that drought-flood hazards has obvious interannual fluctuation and the regional difference, the worst drought was occurred in 1994, frequent zone as Sanmenxia, Luoyang, the most serious flood was occurred in 2003, frequent zone as Zhumadian. The correlations of grain yield per hectare fluctuation coefficient and drought-flood hazards affected coefficient were bigger difference in different time, Luoyang, Sanmenxia and Zhengzhou were influenced by drought, Kaifeng, Shangqiu, Zhumadian were influenced by flood.

  A Study on Rurality of Rural Tourism 2011, 27 (29):  301-305.  Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 494983KB )   ( 1016 ) Rurality of rural tourism is a core and unique selling points. Based on elaborating the rurality of rural tourism, the paper pointed out the rurality containing five meanings: geographiral conditions, rural images, localization of the tourism industry, community participation and sustainable development. In rural tourism development process, the various stakeholders (farmers, tourists, rural tourism enterprises, government) will destruct rurality diffidently, each stakeholder concern their own interests. To maintain the rurality, the rights and interests of stakeholders requires coordination and cooperation.

  The Spatial Partition and Cultivation Path of Sightseeing Leisure Agriculture Development in Shijiazhuang 2011, 27 (29):  306-312.  Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 823355KB )   ( 805 ) The development of sightseeing leisure agriculture has the important meaning to socio-economic development in Shijiazhuang. In foundation of carrying on the investigation and the appraisal to resources condition about sightseeing leisure agriculture development in Shijiazhuang, this paper divided its level structure and the key tourist areas and proposed the cultivation path to safeguard its successful development. The result showed that although the sightseeing leisure agriculture in Shijiazhuang was still at the initial development phase period, but it has the solid foundation in developing the multiplex sightseeing leisure agriculture vigorously. The development of sightseeing leisure agriculture in Shijiazhuang should be divided into 4 circle levels, such as the primarily city and peripheral sightseeing leisure agriculture belt, the eastern plain sightseeing leisure agriculture belt, the middle hill sightseeing leisure agriculture belt and the western mountainous area sightseeing leisure agriculture belt and 8 key tourist areas, such as the urban district peripheral, Pingshan peripheral the Zhaozhou Bridge-Pear garden peripheral, the Zhangshiyan peripheral, the Wuyue Village-Hengshan lake peripheral, the Mt. Cangyan peripheral and Baodu peripheral. It should carry on the cultivation of sightseeing leisure agriculture from 4 stratification planes, such as the government, the researcher, the business manager and the farmer.

  Study on Exploiting Model of Eco-tourism Resources in Mingyue Mountain of Jiangxi Province 2011, 27 (29):  313-316.  Abstract + ( 997 )   PDF ( 596533KB )   ( 767 ) A connecting model of “one body with two wings” for ecotourism development was established based on the conception and characteristics of ecotourism in this study. According to the ecotourism resources of Mingyue mountain national park and the local economy, a systematic development design based on the extensive investigation was put forward. By rational planning and exploiting the natural scenes, hot springs with rich selenium, Zen, agricultural cultivation and moon culture in Mingyue mountain district, a famous scenic spot for sightseeing, relaxation, tour and holiday will be formed in south China, to realize the sustaining development of ecotourism resources and tour industry of Mingyue mountain national park.