Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.28 Published:05 November 2011

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  Resource Utilization in Agro-forestry Intercropping Ecosystems 2011, 27 (28):  1-8.  Abstract + ( 1778 )   PDF ( 637753KB )   ( 1612 ) In this paper, the research progress and the character of ecological factors in agroforestry was briefly described. The light, temperature, humidity, soil water content, wind speed, soil nutrition, economic and ecological benefits in agroforestry systems etc. were summarized. We indicated the advantages and disadvantages in agroforestries related to high yield and resource use. It is suggested that the agroforestry systems could improve productivity with optimizing nature resources.

  Research Progress on Alkaline-salt Tolerance of Tree Species 2011, 27 (28):  9-14.  Abstract + ( 1653 )   PDF ( 630150KB )   ( 1286 ) Alkaline-salt press is one of the important limiting factors for the survival and growth of trees. To research the alkaline-salt tolerance is the basis for effective selection of high salt-tolerance of tree species. The research development of alkaline-salt tolerance of tree species, including alkaline-salt press on growth and physiology, and the utilization of gene engineering were summarized. Also, some suggestions were as references for us to study salt resistance in tree species and breed new plants of salt-tolerance and in order to realize rational utilization and sustainable development of saline-alkaline land.

  Research Progress on Breeding Alkaline-salt Tolerance of Tree Species 2011, 27 (28):  15-20.  Abstract + ( 1614 )   PDF ( 619518KB )   ( 1422 ) In order to select an quantity of alkaline-salt tolerance of tree species, the author had reviewed the identification of alkaline-salt tolerance of tree species, the achievement acquired in the improvement of alkaline-salt tolerance of tree species by using conventional breeding and modern biotechnology. The current problems and the future direction for breeding alkaline-salt tolerance of tree species had also been discussed. Because the effect on alkaline-salt tolerance of tree species was complex, the problem of transgenic engineering and marker assisted selection was existent. The study on hereditary patterns on alkaline-salt tolerance of tree species and marker assisted selection were put forward. Also, some suggestions were as references for us to study salt resistance identification in tree species and breed new plants of salt-tolerance and in order to develop the ecological efficiency of forests of saline-alkaline land.

  Research Progress of Cicadellidae Hemiptera In Henan 2011, 27 (28):  21-27.  Abstract + ( 1366 )   PDF ( 571098KB )   ( 1147 ) In order to research on faunal structure and phylogeny of Cicadellidae in Henan, the cladistics methods were applied in analyzing the phylogenetic relationships. As a result, 209 species of Cicadellidae in Henan were described which were grouped into 86 genera and 18 subfamilies. The results showed that 86 genera of Cicadellidae were distributed in different zoogeographical regions of the world, such as 13 in Oriental region, account for 15.12%. 9 in Palearctic region, account for 10.47%. In zoogeographical regions of China, 50 species in central China region, account for 23.92%; 28 species in north China region, account for 13.40%. both central China region and north China region had 55 species, account for 26.32%. The cladistics methods were applied to analyze the phylogenetic relationships with 18 subfamilies by using 23 morphological characters.

  Effects of Nitrogen on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Cyclobalanopsis glauca Container Seedlings 2011, 27 (28):  28-35.  Abstract + ( 1439 )   PDF ( 759190KB )   ( 1045 ) The goal of this study was to evaluate the reasonable fertilizer of nitrogen application on Cyclobalanopsis glauca container seedlings. Plant height, basal diameter, and chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters were investigated in the C. glauca container seedlings grown in five nitrogen environments (0, 0.184, 0.629, 1.074, and1.518 mg/cm3). Plant height, basal diameter, main root length, biomass accumulation and quality index were significantly affected by nitrogen concentrations, with the maximum was observed in nitrogen level of 0.629 mg/cm3 (average: plant height=15.17 cm, basal diameter=3.39 mm, main root length=16.7 cm, quality index=0.38). The diurnal process of photosynthetic rate of C. glauca exhibited a double peak curve in which the main peak appeared around 11:00 and the second around 15:00. This indicated an obvious phenomenon of midday depression of photosynthesis, while higher photosynthetic rate (5.56 μmol CO2/(m2?s)) was maintained at midday in the plants grown in middle nitrogen environments (0.629 mg/cm3) than other treatments. Moreover, the efficiency of energy conversion of open PSⅡ (F′v/F′m), photochemical efficiency of PS II, and photochemical quenching (qP) were highest in the plants grown in middle nitrogen environments (0.629 mg/cm3). The soluble sugar content of root, stem and leaf was highest when plants grown in middle nitrogen level (0.629 mg/cm3) among the five treatments. Root nitrogen, stem nitrogen, leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll content increased in increased nitrogen concentrations. Leaf nitrogen was significantly higher than root and stem nitrogen concentration. We concluded that 0.629 mg/cm3 nitrogen was the optimum with exponential fertilization technique in the cultivation of C. glauca container seedlings.

  Studies on Changes of Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes During Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from Stem Explants of Phellodendron amurense 2011, 27 (28):  36-39.  Abstract + ( 1290 )   PDF ( 611065KB )   ( 1098 ) The stem segments were used as explants to study the changes of physiology and biochemistry indexes during adventitious shoot regeneration.The stem segments from aseptic seedling of Phellodendron amurense were inoculated on MS medium containing 1.5 mg/L 6-BA, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 20 g/L glucose. After about 20 days of culture adventitious shoots were induced, and occurred to regenerated plantlets at 30 days or so. By using colorimetry, the SOD activity showed downtrend during the formation of adventitious shoots. While the other antioxidant enzyme (CAT and POD) activities, the concent of soluble protein as well as soluble sugar all increased in varying degrees before peak of adventitious shoot formation, and then decreased. The results showed that there was obvious correlation between antioxidant enzyme activities, the concent of soluble protein and soluble sugar and adventitious shoot regeneration.

  Study on Ecological Characteristics of Growth of Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomeria fortunei etc. Coastal Shelterbelt Species in Different Site Conditions 2011, 27 (28):  40-46.  Abstract + ( 1247 )   PDF ( 754009KB )   ( 987 ) In order to select species which were suitable for being planted in saline land and tidal flat in the southern coast of Zhejiang Province, the author extensively collected and introduced species which had salt tolerance and wind resistance, conducted regional test. The results showed that: soil conditions along the coast were complex, in new reclaimed coastal land, soil salinity increased gradually with depth; 1‰-3‰ salinity of 36 candidate species, 3‰-5‰ salinity of 28 candidate species, 5‰-8‰ salinity of 16 candidate species; Ficus concinna var. subsessilis, Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomeria fortunei etc. 19 species showed strong wind resistance, with trees grew older, the rate dropped down that trees were blew down by the wind; crown diameter/height ratio of shelterbelt species of different age classes was between 0.45-1.13, Ficus concinna var. subsessilis, Buxus megistophylla, Nerium oleander were the highest, relative crown length values of Nerium oleander, Buxus megistophylla were more, must be planted with other species, and the protective effect could play better; the annual growth rhythm of several high resistance species showed, the order from high to low was: Eucalyptus.Dunnii (1.18 cm/a)＞Casuarina equisetifolia 501 (1.16 cm/a)＞Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomeria fortunei (1.08 cm/a)＞Ficus concinna var. subsessili (1.07 cm/a)＞Sapium sebiferum s (0.92 cm/a). And the diameter growth rate was: Ficus concinna var. subsessilI i(1.58 cm/a)＞Eucalyptus.Dunnii (1.35 cm/a)＞Casuarina equisetifolia 501 (1.15 cm/a)＞Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomeria fortunei (1.06 cm/a)＞Sapium sebiferums (0.93 cm/a). was the minimum, relative crown length values of Nerium oleander, Buxus megistophylla, Rhaphiolepis umbellata were more, must be planted with other species, and the protective effect can play better; the annual growth rhythm of several high resistance species showed, the order from high to low was Casuarina equisetifolia 501＞Eucalyptus.Dunnii＞Taxodium mucronatum ×Cryptomeria fortunei＞Sapium sebiferum＞Ficus concinna var. subsessilis＞Quercus virginiana.

  Effects and Recovery Effects of High Temperature and Air Humidity on Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of Betula microphylla 2011, 27 (28):  47-52.  Abstract + ( 1288 )   PDF ( 837616KB )   ( 1115 ) A pot experiment was conducted to study the impacts of 3 different temperature and air relative humidity conditions of the growth chambers on photosynthetic and physiological characteristic of Betula microphylla, aimed to make sure the recovery effect of photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of leaves after a short-term high temperature and high air relative humidity. The results showed that high temperature and air relative humidity affected on photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of leaves and the growth of B. microphylla. Proline and chlorophyll contents of leaves were lower than control, whereas the soluble sugar and protein contents of leaves could return to normal in recovery phase. These findings indicated that B. microphylla had ability to adapt stress (a short-term high temperature and air relative humidity) and could adapt to changes of temperature and air relative humidity factors through its own physical regulations. It was concluded that B. microphylla could be widely cultivated in and around the coastal towns of Shanghai region.

  Effects of the Ti2+ Ion Implantation on Physiological-biochemical Reaction and Seminal Growth of Camellia oleifera Seeds 2011, 27 (28):  53-57.  Abstract + ( 1252 )   PDF ( 665402KB )   ( 1067 ) The research aimed to provide new approach for study on Camellia oleifera breeding through ion implantation biotechnology. After different doses of titanium ion were implanted into Camellia oleifera seeds, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and electrolyte leakage rate were researched. The seminal growth state of treated seeds was also studied. The results showed that POD and SOD activity reached the peak and electrolyte leakage rate was lowest while Ti2+ ion implantation dose between 6×1016 and 12×1016 Ti2+/cm2. The resistance of no-sprouting Camellia oleifera seeds was stronger than that of sprouting seeds, so they could be influenced by Ti2+ ion implantation less. Sowing result showed that the survival rate of treated seeds could be guaranteed while the implanted doses were lower than 12×1016 Ti2+/cm2. The moderate doses could promote growth.

  Effects of Different Potassium Levels on the Contents of Chlorophyll and Soluble Protein of the Leaves in Hevea brasiliensis Seedlings 2011, 27 (28):  58-62.  Abstract + ( 1238 )   PDF ( 637855KB )   ( 995 ) In order to understand the effects of potassium fertilizer on the physiological characters of Hevea brasiliensis seedlings and promote rational applying potassium fertilizer in cultivation of Hevea brasiliensis, the author explored the content changes of chlorophyll and the soluble protein under low potassium stress by means of hydroculture and analyzed the correlations between the chlorophyll contents and the growing indices of Hevea brasiliensis seedlings. The results indicated that the potassium deficiencies decreased contents of the chlb and the soluble protein, seldomly changed contents of chla and increased ratios of chla/chlb. The analysis of correlation indicated the biomasses of the different organs, root length, plant height and stem girth were positively correlative with the chla and chlb, but negatively correlative with the ratio of chla/chlb. So the low potassium stress decreased the physiological metabolism of the leaves and restrained the growing of the Hevea brasiliensis seedlings.

  The Study of Drying Characteristics on Eucalyptu grandis × E. urophylla 2011, 27 (28):  63-68.  Abstract + ( 1226 )   PDF ( 671048KB )   ( 1206 ) By study the drying characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla wood and make its drying schedule, provided a reasonable theoretical basis when made the drying process on the actual production. The experimental method was the 100℃ test, on the basis of drying defects of initial check, internal check, and collapse of E. grandis × E. urophylla wood were investigated based on the (100±2)℃ constant temperature, then made the drying schedule. The level of initial check, internal check, collapse , warp distortion and drying speed of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla were 1,2,3,2 and 2, respectively; and its volume shrinkage degrees was 19.04%, tangential shrinkage degrees was 9.60%, radial shrinkage degrees was 6.65%, longitudinal shrinkage degrees was 0.33%. The initial and final drying temperature of E. grandis × E. urophylla lumber were 60 and 75℃, and the temperature difference of dry-wet ball in initial drying stage was 3-5℃. After the Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla panel with thickness of 25 mm was dried in forced circulation drying oven for 10 (8) days (in parentheses for hard benchmark conditions), its water content was decreased to 10%. The main defects of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla wood were internal check and collapse, tried to use the soft drying schedule in the actual production process, timely adjusted wet process in drying metaphase and later period.

  The Carbon Storage and Its Potential Estimation of Shelterbelt in Agricultural Area of Haihe River Basin 2011, 27 (28):  69-73.  Abstract + ( 1338 )   PDF ( 1467124KB )   ( 1091 ) Haihe River basin (HRB) is a major farm region with extensive shelterbelt in China. It was important to undertake an assessment of the present and potential carbon sequestration of shelterbelt in agricultural areas of HRB. The author had established a comprehensive method to evaluate the biomass and carbon storage of shelterbelt, including high resolution RS data (about 1 m), land use/cover data and field survey data of the tree biomass of 5 typical shelterbelt spots. The results showed that the present total carbon storage of shelterbelt in agricultural areas of HRB was (0.97-1.55)×106 t, and the annual carbon fixation was (0.13-0.21)×106 t/a, respectively. While the shelterbelt had planted over the entire reasonable field path, the potential maximum carbon storage would increase to (4.71-7.53)×106 t, and the annual carbon fixation was (0.63-1.01)×106 t/a, respectively. There were huge volumes and potential of the carbon storage of shelterbelt in agricultural areas of HRB. It should enhance the regional ecosystem carbon storage and give a new pathway of carbon sequestration in the agricultural region to strengthen the shelterbelt management and construction level.

  Faunal Preliminary Analysis of Aquatic Diptera in Erhai Lake of Yunnan 2011, 27 (28):  79-83.  Abstract + ( 1434 )   PDF ( 557208KB )   ( 1082 ) In order to understand the character of aquatic diptera in Erhai Lake of Yunnan, based on literature review, the fauna was studied. The results showed aquatic diptera included 41 species of 5 families. Most species markedly presented the characters of oriental realm, but the characters of palaearctic realm was clear, 36 and 25 species respectively in oriental realm and palaearctic realm. At the same time the fauna of world expressed some characters of nearctic realm, ethiopian realm and australian realm. In fauna of China, these species can be found in southwest region; central, south and southwest of China had more collective species than other zones at the same time.

  The Effect of Different Light Intensity on the Growth and Seedling Quality of Idesia palycarpa Maxim Container Seedlings 2011, 27 (28):  84-89.  Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 804581KB )   ( 848 ) To investigate the effect of different light intensity on growth and seedling quality of Idesia palycarpa Maxim container seedlings, this test used different transmittance of shading screen to shade Idesia palycarpa Maxim container seedlings. The results showed seedling height of Idesia palycarpa Maxim container seedlings under 100%, 60%, 40% light conditions was significantly higher than that of 20%, 5% light conditions; Before June 30, difference of ground diameter was not significant under different light intensity, then difference was significant after June 30; In September 30, ground diameter and stem weight under 100%, 60%of light conditions were significantly higher than others; Total biomass and root weight under 100% light intensity were significantly higher than others; All morphological indexes under 100% light intensity were the best, seedling height, ground diameter, root weights and stem weight of annual seedlings were 37.73 cm, 6.58 mm, 1.38 g, 1.83 g, total biomass was the highest (3.61 g). Therefore, to reduce water consumption, Idesia palycarpa Maxim container seedlings were suitable for cultivation under 60% light intensity before June 30, then after June under 100% light intensity for cultivation under60%.

  The Study of the Growth and Biomass of MytiLaria Laosensis Plantation in Different Slope Positions 2011, 27 (28):  90-93.  Abstract + ( 1237 )   PDF ( 554217KB )   ( 1095 ) Divided into 3 slope positions, the growth and biomass of 28-old-year MytiLaria Laosensis plantation in Daqingshan Mountain of Guangxi were studied by the relative growth method to clarify the affection of slope position on the growth and biomass of MytiLaria Laosensis plantation. The results showed that slope position could significantly influence the DBH and height growth, and the average DBH and average tree height were reflected as downslope>midslope>upslope; the biomass of plantation community and it’s components as well as the biomass of the organs of the tree layer were influenced significantly by the slope position. The biomass in the downslope was the highest, flowed by the midslope, upslope was the lowest.

  Application of Vinegar with Phragmites in Forestry Breeding 2011, 27 (28):  94-97.  Abstract + ( 1305 )   PDF ( 578533KB )   ( 917 ) The vinegar which been made by Phragmites was used for two kinds of forestry breeding (Cerasus pumila L. var. besseyi（L. H. Bailey）Gleason and Rosa albertii Regel). We got the effects of the Phragmites vinegar that had facilitation to the seedling growth, it could facilitate the elongation of tree stem and bourgeon and germination of root. The best consistence was the formulation Phragmites vinegar dilution of 400、800 double, the used times was after the seedling emerge 4～6 leaf one hearts stage, we filled the Phragmites vinegar to the seedlings, every other 5 days, the total was 6 times, the filling cubic measure was 20～30 mL.

  Study on the Effect of Amelioration of Saline-sodic Soil with the By-product of Flue Gas Desulphurization (BFGD) to Plant Elaeagnus angustifolia L. 2011, 27 (28):  98-102.  Abstract + ( 1292 )   PDF ( 706061KB )   ( 1187 ) In order to effectively use the by-product of flue gas desulphurization (BFGD) and probe into the feasibility of plant Elaeagnus angustifolia L. as amelioration of saline-sodic soil pioneer species, the author used field experiment to study the effect of amelioration of saline-sodic soil with the by-product of flue gas desulphurization (BFGD) to plant Elaeagnus angustifolia L. The soil pH value, total salt content, degree of alkalization and the change of ion relative content were measured to study the effect of amelioration of saline-sodic soil with the by-product of flue gas desulphurization (BFGD) to plant Elaeagnus angustifolia L. The results showed that: with the growth time of grove and grass extending, the soil pH value, total salt content, degree of alkalization and the change of ion relative content of the amelioration of saline-sodic soil with the by-product of flue gas desulphurization (BFGD) had declined in some extent. The soil pH value, total salt content and degree of alkalization (ESP) respectively decreased from 9.50, 46 g/㎏ and 5.3% to 8.31, 11.4 g/㎏ and 3.1%; In the third year, the by-product of flue gas desulphurization (BFGD) effectively reduced the exchangeable sodium. These results suggested that the by-product of flue gas desulphurization (BFGD) could reduce exchangeable relative magnesium content in soil, and its toxic effects on plant, furthermore improve soil chemical property, which was conducive to forest growth and development.

  Characteristics of the Spatial-temporal Distribution for Artificial Fire Sources on Forest Fires in Hunan 2011, 27 (28):  103-108.  Abstract + ( 1347 )   PDF ( 772055KB )   ( 1123 ) Artificial fire source is a key factor causing the forest fire. Understanding the spatial-temporal distribution of fire sources helps to realize the fire sources management. It is a basis work for forest fire ecological prevention. The author took 2001-2008 data in Hunan for the example, based on variation coefficient, Gini’s coefficient and concentration index to analyze the trends of regional difference, zonal centralizations and regional distribution of artificial fire sources on forest fires. The result showed that: they were of the same spatial distribution trends with 3 indexes. It showed the fluctuation trend: in particular, for recently 3 years, the upward trend of nonproductive fire sources was very clear. The following conclusions were drawn: the difference and zone centralizations among regions in Hunan on artificial fire sources were obvious. The trend showed that the forest fire was affected by natural regulation and human regulation. The difference among regions was enlarged and zone centralizations strengthen of unproductive fire sources for recent years to reflect the large influence of human society activities on forest fires. Forest fires mainly happened in Shaoyang, Changsha and Yongzhou.

  Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Forest Fire Emergency Personnel in Hunan Province 2011, 27 (28):  109-114.  Abstract + ( 1407 )   PDF ( 587106KB )   ( 1175 ) In order to study the spatial distribution characteristic of regional forest fires in Hunan, forest fire data of 102 counties (cities) of Hunan in 11 years (form 2000 to 2010), forest fire emergency personnel data of 2010 and forest resource content in Hunan were investigated and arranged. Forest resource quantity, spatial distribution map of forest fire frequency and spatial trend prediction graph of forest fire were finished by using ArcGIS, then overlaid with spatial distribution map of forest fire emergency personnel. The results showed that spatial distribution characteristic of forest fire emergency personnel in Hunan mainly included: distribution of forest fire emergency personnel was less in some counties and cities which owned large forest resource quantity and high frequency of forest fire, and 4 forest fire trend centers of high frequency, but the distribution of emergency personnel was more in 3 forest fire trend centers of low frequency. The conclusion indicated: spatial distribution of emergency personnel of regional forest fire should accord with spatial distribution characteristic of forest resource quantity, frequency of forest fire, and spatial trend prediction of forest fire. Distribution of emergency personnel should be more in the regions which occupied large part of forest resource quantity, high frequency of forest fire and strong occur trend of forest fire, and vice versa. Spatial distribution of forest fire emergency personnel in Hunan was unreasonable and should be adjusted.

  Types and Ecological Function of Riparian Vegetation at Middle and Low Reaches of Shiyang River 2011, 27 (28):  115-120.  Abstract + ( 1402 )   PDF ( 1048835KB )   ( 1105 ) The aim was to study the importance of the structure and function of riparian vegetation at middle and low reaches Shiyang River for ecology manager and restoring. The middle and low reaches of Shiyang River were divided into richness runoff and run dry where the structure and space distribution of riparian vegetation at different distance from river bed were investigated, then the types, spatial pattern and function of riparian vegetation were analyzed for management and restoration ecological environment. The result showed: the width of riparian vegetation, which could be classified into 18 associations, was 200-500 m, and the 80% of constructive species of region plant community were fund at riparian place. It was distinct that types of vegetation orderly change with the distance from river bed, as well as decrease in exponent of coverage rate of riparian vegetation. The riparian vegetation not only had special humidogene plants, such as tree and marsh plant, and native plant communities, but also joined the plots of landscape at local area to make up a stable regional ecology system. The belt of riparian vegetation protected riverside and stabilized river bed to control disaster in runoff and sand-wind. The riparian vegetation also gave a basis to defend oasis by breaking the wind and a comfortable environment for local people.

  Pruning’s Impact on Growth of Betula Alnoides 2011, 27 (28):  121-124.  Abstract + ( 1200 )   PDF ( 619137KB )   ( 1109 ) In order to study the effects of pruning on the growth of Betula alnoides, compared pruned alnoides and unpruned one, a contrast test had been designed on the basis of Laoshan forestry station of Betula Alnoides in Baise City, Guangxi Province, using the sample survey measures. The data had been analyzed to find out pruning’s impacts on alnoides growth. The results showed that: pruning’s impacts on crown diameter growth varied a lot. It could narrow the crown while had little effect on the growth of both diameter at brest height (DBH) and tree volume. It could also hinder the growth of tree height. Pruning was extremely unfavorable for 4-year-old alnoides in that the tree height and volume growth could be affected.

  Comparison of DNA Extraction Methods from Leaves of Black Walnuts 2011, 27 (28):  125-129.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 770586KB )   ( 1133 ) The aim was to obtain the high quality DNA extracted method from leaves of black walnut which contained polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds. Using leaves of Black walnut and walnut as experimental materials, the genomic DNA extraction of three methods namely SDS, CTAB and modified CTAB were compared. The DNA samples extracted by three methods were tested by agarose gel electrophoresis, ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The results showed that repeatability of the methods of SDS and CTAB were poor, it was difficult to obtain clear bands by agarose gel electrophoresis. Utilizing modified CTAB method, formation of oxidized polyphenolic compounds could be inhibited and most of polysaccharides in the cytoplasmic could be removed efficiently in leaves. A260/A280 was ranged from 1.80-1.95. The modified CTAB method was suitable for extracting high qualified DNA.

  Effects of NaCl Stress on the Growth and Some Physiological Indexes of Malus robusta Rehd. 2011, 27 (28):  130-134.  Abstract + ( 1355 )   PDF ( 715792KB )   ( 1110 ) The study aimed to explore the salt resistant ability of Malus robusta Rehd. and provide the scientific basis for exploitation and utilization of Malus robusta Rehd. plants in saline-alkali land. The effects of different NaCl solutions on the growth and physiological indexes of Malus robusta Rehd. plants under sand-cultured were studied. The results showed that: with the increase of NaCl concentration, the shoot height, the stem diameter, the water content and the content of chlorophyll decreased continuously; MDA content and soluble sucrose increased; proline were declining at first and then increasing later, showing gently changes. The salt tolerant threshold and survival threshold of Malus robusta Rehd. plants was both deduced as 0.6% by observing visual form and analyzing physiological index.

  A Preliminary Study on a New Anti-premature Flowering Flue-cured Tobacco Line ‘Huayan06’ Trail 2011, 27 (28):  135-138.  Abstract + ( 1357 )   PDF ( 555938KB )   ( 1047 ) In order to select good quality of flue-cured tobacco variety suitable for the ecological conditions of tobacco-producing region in Guangdong, the field comparison test of two varieties ‘Huayan06’ and ‘K326’ (the check variety) were conducted and their agronomic, botanic, economic characteristics, disease resistance, outward appearance quality and inherent quality were studied at Shixing, Guangdong Province. The results showed that the growing period of ‘Huayan06’ in field was longer than that of ‘K326’, and the number of available leaves was much more compared to ‘K326’. The proportions of top and middle class tobacco leaves and the taste of two varieties had no prominent difference between two varieties, while the higher yield and value were observed at variety ‘Huayan06’. Based on the yields, qualities and resistances, ‘Huayan06’ should be recommended for further demonstration at Shixing.

  The Study on Culture and Rapid Propagation of Mallotus furetianus 2011, 27 (28):  139-144.  Abstract + ( 1332 )   PDF ( 1457062KB )   ( 1018 ) In order to provide base of large scale propagation and plantation of Mallotus furetianus, factors influenced on in vitro culture and rapid propagation of Mallotus furetianus were studied using stem segments with buds as explants. The results showed that the best sterilization method for the stem segments was dipping in 70% ethanol for 30 s, and then agitating in 0.1% HgCl2 for 8 min. The optimum medium for initiation culture of stem segments was MS with 1.5 mg/L KT and 2.0 mg/L 6-BA. The basic medium 1/2MS with the combination of 6-BA and KT could enhance the multiplication. The suitable multiplication medium was 1/2MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA +1.5 mg/L KT and the suitable rooting medium was 1/2MS+2.0 mg/L IBA+2.0 mg/L NAA. Using the methods obtained in this experiment, in vitro rapaid propagation of Mallotus oblongifolius can be achieved at the multiplication rate of 3.

  Morphology Study on the Insect Tea from Five Provinces in China 2011, 27 (28):  145-149.  Abstract + ( 1369 )   PDF ( 611618KB )   ( 1063 ) In order to control the quality of insect tea，we use morphological analysis to compare the similarities and differences of worm tea from particle size, color, shape, texture and other features of tea in 5 provinces, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan, Guangxi. The result showed that the size of insect tea become longer and wider with the increase of the age of insect in each province. The basic shape of insect tea from Guangxi Province was short cylindrical, while the others from the rest provinces were long cylindrical. The particle of insect tea from Guangxi provinces had smooth surface without significant main lines, but the others had rough with significant main lines by which the insect tea was divided into 2 to 3 range. The particle of insect tea in different provinces ranked by color depth was: Guangxi> Hunan> Sichuan> Guizhou> Yunnan. Research also showed that the tea color and taste of the insect tea were the different in five provinces. This study provided scientific basis to identify the types of insect tea from apparent shape, promoted the standardized development of insect tea industry, and played a leading role to identify the quality of the insect tea in China.

  Effect of Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate, Calcium and Salicylic Acid on the Heat Tolerance in Phalaenopsis Seedlings under High Temperature Stress 2011, 27 (28):  150-157.  Abstract + ( 1746 )   PDF ( 873260KB )   ( 1187 ) In order to reveal the effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and calcium and salicylic acid (SA) on the heat tolerance in Phalaenopsis Seedlings, these seedlings sprayed with 3 chemicals at the optimum concentration or distilled water (control) respectively were exposed to high temperature stress at 40℃ for 4 days, the variations of some physiological indexes in the leaves were measured. The results showed that, compared with the control treatment, the MeJA and Calcium treatments resulted in higher activities of SOD and POD and CAT. The SA treatment made the activity of CAT decreasing significantly, while it could increase the activities of SOD and POD. The 3 treatments could improve obviously the contents of prolin and soluble protein, and decrease significantly the relative electrical conductivity and MDA content under high temperature stress. According to these results, it indicated that the MeJA and Calcium and SA treatments could enhance effectively the heat tolerance in Phalaenopsis seedlings. On the basis of physiological and morphological indexes difference, the inducting intensity of the heat tolerance was in the following order: MeJA>Calcium>SA.

  Responses of Two Herbaceous Plants to Allelochemicals Stress in Wedelia trilobata 2011, 27 (28):  158-162.  Abstract + ( 1287 )   PDF ( 659449KB )   ( 1013 ) To study the response mechanisms of Lolium perenne and Poa pretensis to allelochemicals stress in Wedelia trilobata, seeds and seedlings of the two plants were treated with extracts from Wedelia trilobata in different concentrations, and the germination rates (Gr), germination energies (Ge), germination indexes (Gi) of seeds and growth characters of seedlings were compared between the two plants. The results showed that when the extract concentration was 0.01 g/mL, Gr, Ge and Gi of Lolium perenne seeds were not influenced while these indexes of Poa pretensis seeds all increased, then these indexes of the two plant seeds all decreased when further raise of the extract concentration. With the increase of extract concentration, radicel length of Lolium perenne decreased more rapidly than that of Poa pretensis, and number of the two plant seedlings capable of generating one or two secondary roots declined gradually, the embryo length of Lolium perenne seedlings tended to be reinforced first then descended abruptly, whereas Poa pretensis seedlings showed a gradually reduced growth tendency. As the results showed, Poa pretensis could adaptively respond to the low stress under the allelochemicals in Wedelia trilobata by increasing Gr, Ge and Gi, whereas compensatory growth of embryo was responsible for the adaptive response of Lolium perenne.

  Research on Rooting of Asian Lily Plantlets 2011, 27 (28):  163-166.  Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 580714KB )   ( 1130 ) In order to optimize the formulation of Asian lily rooting medium and lay a foundation for rooting and transplanting of Asian lily transgenic plants, Lilium Asiatic hybrid cv. ‘Pollyanna’ and Lilium Asiatic hybrid cv. ‘Prato’ test-tube seedlings were used to study the effect of combinations of five different hormone in different concentrations on rooting rate, root number, longest root length. The results showed that: a combination of different types and concentrations of plant hormones significantly affected Asiatic lily rooting, and the rooting status of the two species had some differences. When using the rooting medium: MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+ agar 7 g/L, the average rooting rate of Lilium Asiatic hybrid cv. ‘Pollyanna’ could reach 98.73%, the root number of them could reach 6.53 cm and the longest root length of them was 4 cm. When using the rooting medium: MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+TDZ 0.1mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+agar 7 g/L, the average rooting rate of Lilium Asiatic hybrid cv. ‘Prato’ could reach 92.73%, the root number of them could reach 6.63 cm and the longest root length of them was 3.77 cm. The most appropriate rooting medium of Lilium cv. ‘Pollyanna’ was: MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+ agar 7 g/L; the most suitable rooting medium for Lilium cv. ‘Prato’ was: MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+TDZ 0.1 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+agar 7 g/L.

  SRSRAP Analysis of Genetic Relationships of the Different Tree Peony Flower Forms 2011, 27 (28):  167-171.  Abstract + ( 1364 )   PDF ( 716048KB )   ( 1069 ) In order to reveal the genetic differences among tree peony cultivars, the genomic polymorphisms of 20 tree peony cultivars were studied by SRAP-PCR technique and the phylogenetic tree was constructed with UPGMA method. The results showed that 131 clear and stable DNA bands were amplified by 20 pairs SRAP primers, among which 90 bands were polymorphic, the percentage of polymorphic bands was 68.7%. It suggested there were abundant genetic diversity among tree peony cultivars. The UPGMA results indicated that the partial cultivars with the same or different flower forms sometimes clustered together in different case. These results demonstrated that the cluster results were correlated with flower forms of tree peony cultivars, but it had not similar relationships.

  The Preliminary Study on the Rhizosphere Microbes of Rhodiola fastigiata in Sehgyla Mountains 2011, 27 (28):  172-177.  Abstract + ( 1548 )   PDF ( 593998KB )   ( 969 ) In order to analyze the influence on the growth of Rhodiola fastigiata in the Sehgyla mountains by the interaction of Rhodiola fastigiata with its rhizosphere microbes, this study was carried out. The microorganism from Rhodiola fastigiata rhizosphere soil and non-rhizospheric soil were isolated and cultured by the plate cultivation method with selective media. The amount of bacteria, actinomycete and fungi was counted, and the dominant strains were classified and identified by their morphology, growth and physiochemical characteristics. The results showed that: the amount of rhizosphere bacteria in per gram dried rhizosphere soil was 1.5×106-2.5×108, the amount of rhizosphere actinomycete in per gram dried rhizosphere soil was 2.3×104-1.4×105, the amount of rhizosphere actinomycete in per gram dried rhizosphere soil was 1.4×103-1.3×105, and their rhizosphere effects were 67.6, 42.4, 105.3, respectively. And the results indicated that the diversity of the dominant microbes from rhizospheric soil was stronger than the diversity of the ones from non-rhizospheric soil, and some of these rhizosphere microbs were the plant groth-promoting rhizobacteria. Research showed that the prominent rhizosphere effect of rhizosphere microbes of Rhodiola fastigiata and its plant grwoth-promoting rhizobacteria helped to enhance Rhodiola fastigiata’s adaptive abilities to plateau environment.

  Characteristic Analysis of Soil Fertility of Alfalfa Fields in the Hilly Loess Region of South Ningxia 2011, 27 (28):  178-183.  Abstract + ( 1231 )   PDF ( 687961KB )   ( 972 ) In order to discuss the soil fertility changes rule of alfalfa grassland in alfalfa fields in hilly loess region of south Ningxia, the factor analysis, correlation analysis, grey correlation, and variation coefficient method were used to calculate the weights of several fertility factors in this paper. The results showed that the order of weight on soil fertility factors was organic matter > available N > total N > Soil pH > available P ≈ total P > available K, the weight of organic matter, available N, total N and Soil pH were higher, which could be taken as the key fertility indicators in alfalfa fields .The fertility index calculated by using Nemoro comprehensive index method in arid alfalfa fields was from 0.549 to 0.873, which was an average level. After crops were replaced by alfalfa, soil and water erosion were obviously controlled, and the differences of fertility indices between different slope positions gradually reduced. The order of comprehensive fertility indices of alfalfa fields with different ages was: 7 years > 3 years > 19 years.

  Effect of Different Nitrogen Forms and Ratios on Yield and Quality of Licorice 2011, 27 (28):  184-187.  Abstract + ( 1473 )   PDF ( 578173KB )   ( 1044 ) In order to explore N forms on licorice growth, yield and quality of influence, and provide the basis for high yield and quality of licorice planting. The solution culture method was used. The growth condition, the content changes of medicinal ingredients, free amino acids, soluble protein and other substances of licorice were compared after the treatment of different nitrogen forms and NO3--N/NH4+-N ratios on licorice. The results were as follows: right amount of nitrate ammonium ratio could improve the yield and quality of licorice. In different ratio of NO3--N/NH4+-N, when NO3--N/NH4+-N for 50/50, root yield, the content of medicinal ingredients, soluble sugar and soluble protein carbon in entire plant synthetic were highest. In three different nitrogen forms, ammonium nitrogen was not suitable for licorice growth; there were no significant differences between treatment of nitrate and urea on root yield; but the treatment of urea had the highest content of medical composition in whole plant.

  Effects of Water Extract from Mirabilis jalapa L. Fruit on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Oenothera biennis L. 2011, 27 (28):  188-191.  Abstract + ( 1362 )   PDF ( 601402KB )   ( 1005 ) In this paper, the study aimed to research the allelopathic effect of Mirabilis jalapa L. on Oenothera biennis L.. Oenothera biennis L. seeds were placed in petri dishes in the laboratory conditions and soaked with water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L. fruit. The concentrations of water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L. fruit were 0.025 g/mL, 0.05 g/mL, 0.1 g/mL respectively. The effects of water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L. fruit were analyzed by the determinations of germination potential, germination rates, activity index, germination index and growth of seedling. The results showed that germination potential, germination rates, activity index and germination index all reached the highest compared to the other groups when the concentration of water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L. fruit was 0.025 g/mL. The fresh weight and seedling length were improved compared to the control group when the concentration of water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L. fruit were 0.05 g/mL, 0.025 g/mL, but its root growth was inhibited. The water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L. fruit could promote seed germination and raise fresh weight, seedling length of Oenothera biennis L, but its root growth was inhibited.

  Allelopathy Effects of Oxalis corymbosa on Seed Germination of Three Herbaceous Flowers 2011, 27 (28):  192-195.  Abstract + ( 1360 )   PDF ( 569718KB )   ( 1085 ) In order to study the allelopathy effect on seed germination and seedling growth of the aqueous extracts from leaves and leafstalks of Oxalis corymbosa, probing the invasive mechanism of alien species, the aqueous extracts of O. corymbosa were used as the test material in this paper. Its purpose was to study the influence of the aqueous extracts of O. corymbosa to Tagetes patula, Calendula officinalis and Celosia cristata three herbaceous flowers seed germination and seedling growth. The concentration of the aqueous extracts from leaves and leafstalks of O. corymbosa was 0 (CK), 0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%. The results showed that sensitivity to the aqueous leaf extract of O. corymbosa differed among the three species. Concentration at 0.625% of the O. corymbosa aqueous extracts from leaves and leafstalks promoted the germination and seedling growth of Tagetes patula, however, concentration at 1.25%, 2.5% inhibited the germination and seedling growth of Tagetes patula. Concentration at 0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5% of the O. corymbosa aqueous extracts from leaves and leafstalks inhibited the germination and seedling growth of Calendula officinalis and Celosia cristata, but the inhibition of concentration gradient was not remarkable. The test showed the allelopathy of O. corymbosa to Tagetes patula was stronger, the allelopathy to Calendula officinalis and Celosia cristata was weaker.

  Study on Breaking Dormancy of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii Seeds 2011, 27 (28):  196-199.  Abstract + ( 1595 )   PDF ( 655203KB )   ( 1171 ) Using acupuncture treatment, stratification treatment, H2O2 treatment，KNO3 treatment and GA3 treatment to process Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii seeds, then compare influences of different treatment on germination of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii seeds. The results showed that: stratification for 40 days can break the dormancy of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii seeds effectively; GA3 treatment was the most rapid and effective method to break Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii seeds dormancy, and the best concentration was 0.08%; whereas, acupuncture treatment, KNO3 treatment and H2O2 treatment had no obvious effect on breaking Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii seeds dormancy, it turned out that the dormancy of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii seeds was mainly caused by the after-ripening of embryo and there maybe inhibitors in seeds, and the mechanical restraint of the seed coat wasn’t the important reason why there was a long dormancy period in Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii seeds.

  Correlation of Microspore Development Period and the Flower Organ Morphology of White Asparagus 2011, 27 (28):  200-204.  Abstract + ( 1449 )   PDF ( 2859167KB )   ( 1014 ) The purpose of this paper is to find a identification method of the developmental asparagus microspore and discuss the relevance between the developmental period of asparagus microspore and the morphology of flower organ. So the phenol magenta, carmine acetate and heidenhain iron hematoxylin solutions were selected for use in staining observation to asparagus microspore, then the developmental cytology, the relevance between the microspore development and the bud’s size have been studied. The results showed that the effect of heidenhain iron hematoxylin was the best in the three solutions. The development of asparagus microspore was divided into tetrad, early- or mid-uninucleate, late-uninucleate and binucleate stages, each stage demonstrated distinctive characters. The developmental periods of asparagus microspore were closely related to the morphological characters of buds. The longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of buds had significant differences in different developmental periods. When the asparagus microspores were at the late-uninucleate, the buds showed 2.30 mm in longitudinal diameter and 1.76 mm in transverse diameter. The developmental period of asparagus microspore could be judged by the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of buds, so as to define the standard of bud selection corresponding with the optimal stage of microspore culture.

  Effect of 60Co-γ Ray Irradiation on Celery Seed 2011, 27 (28):  205-210.  Abstract + ( 1475 )   PDF ( 759943KB )   ( 993 ) The dry seeds of celery were irradiated by different doses of 60Co-γ ray, the effects of radiation on seed vigor and M1 seedlings physiological characteristics were investigated. The results showed the effect of 60Co-γ ray irradiation on three cultivars seeds were similar. When the doses of 60Co-γ ≥200 Gy, the germination and vigor of seed decreased remarkably. And there was no germination after irradiated by 300 Gy 60Co-γ. There was a negative effect of radiation on M1 seedlings. The M1 seedlings height declined with 50%-60% when the doses of 60Co-γ ≥200 Gy. When the doses were 50, 100, 150 Gy, the SOD, POD, APX, GR activity increased compare with 0 Gy , and there was not remarkable difference on O2ˉ? production rate and MDA content between 50, 100, 150 Gy 60Co-γ and 0 Gy 60Co-γ. However, when the doses of 60Co-γ ≥200 Gy, the SOD, POD, APX activity decreased remarkably and O2ˉ? production rate, MDA content increased remarkably. The 60Co-γ ≤150 Gy did not inhibit the growth of celery seedlings. Therefore, we concluded that the optimum doses of celery dry seeds was 100-150 Gy.

  Effect of High Temperature stress on Photosynthesis Characters of Tomato 2011, 27 (28):  211-216.  Abstract + ( 1316 )   PDF ( 783937KB )   ( 1082 ) According by the reaction of tomato plant to high temperature, experiments with different high temperature at 30-36℃ by used artificial climate chamber were carried in 2010 to study the effect of high temperature on the photosynthesis charter of tomato leaves during fruiting period. The results showed that in 30-36℃ high temperature stress, with the increase temperature, the light compensation point of tomato was increased while the light energy initial utilize effectiveness, light saturation point, maximum photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate were decreased. Correlation analysis showed that photosynthesis rate was positive correlation to photosynthetic active radiation, stomata conduction, transpiration rate and relative humidity, while was negative relative to air temperature. It was that continuous high-temperature at 30-36℃ range more than 24h will seriously affect the tomato photosynthesis physiological activities.

  Analysis of Firmness and Related Characters of Processing Tomato 2011, 27 (28):  217-220.  Abstract + ( 1401 )   PDF ( 549377KB )   ( 1366 ) In order to select new processing tomato variety of higher fruit firmness through selection and identification of the firmness related traits by proper breeding methods. The correlation and path analysis of fruit firmness and related characters were studied with the native and introduced cultivars. The results showed that there was significantly positive correlation between the flesh firmness, pressure resistance and fruit firmness, their relevant coefficient were 0.767 and 0.545 respectively; and a significantly negative correlation between thickness of flesh, vitamin C content and fruit firmness, their relevant coefficient were -0.406 and -0.938 respectively; and a negatively correlation between soluble solids content and fruit firmness, the relevant coefficient was -0.807. There was no significant difference between other traits and fruit firmness.

  Identification of Two Chlorpyrifos-degrading Strains and the Effect of Bacterial Fermentation on Seed Germination of Radish 2011, 27 (28):  221-224.  Abstract + ( 1249 )   PDF ( 650341KB )   ( 938 ) Two bacterial strains N16, N432 which could degrade chlorpyrifos were identified, and the effect of the fermentation liquid from the strains on sprout and seeding of radish was studied. The strains were identified based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristic and 16S rDNA sequences. The radish seed treated with the fermentation liquid at 25℃ were cultures, and then germination energy, germination rate, germination index, vigor index were measured. It is showed that N16, N432 were identified as Acinetobacter junii according to the morphological characteristic and sequencing. Germination energy, germination rate, germination index, vigor index of radish seeds pretreated with pure bacteria liquid of N16 were higher than control, but they were inhibited by the N432. Germination rate and germination index were promoted by the liquid culture of N16, but they were inhibited by the liquid culture of N432. And the effects including inhibition of N432 and enhancement of N16 would be weakened when their liquid cultures were diluted.

  The Effects of Antagonistic Actinomycetes G19 on Microbial Diversity in Replanted Peach Rhizosphere 2011, 27 (28):  225-230.  Abstract + ( 1365 )   PDF ( 837184KB )   ( 915 ) The aim was to compare the difference in microbial diversity of different treatments. In this study, microbial diversity of peach rhizosphere which fermented antagonistic actinomycetes was measured by Biolog Eco plate facilities. The results showed that the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in peach rhizosphere increased significantly and the number of fungi decreased. That was similar to the normal soil. By contrast, the number of fungi increased significantly and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes decreased in replant soil. Microbial metabolic activity and microbial community diversity index application of actinomycetes G19 in rhizosphere microorganisms was the most abundant and stable. Seedling growth of peach was the best after strains G19 fermentation broth treatment. It indicated that antagonistic actinomycetes G19 could improve the ecological environment of the soil in replant peach rhizosphere.

  Embryological Research on the Ovule Abortion Development of Super Late-maturing Cultivar JZT(P)-1 Tangerine 2011, 27 (28):  231-234.  Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 3308095KB )   ( 853 ) To further prove the seedless mechanism on JZT(P)-1 and provide reliable scientific evidence to the exploitation of late-maturing Citrus germplasm, the ovule abortion process of Citrus reticulata, named JZT(P)-1, was systematically studied by a series of direct-dissection, consecutive paraffin sections and microscopic technique. It was found that the archesporial cell, embryo sac primitive cells and embryo sacs in different developing period were almost abortive. Only a few of seeds could develop into health seeds. During the 50 days of the development in the young seeds, archesporial cells developed from many origins and the occurrence time was out of order. That affected the normal development of early archesporial cells in the nucellar and embryo sacs in different developing periods. Thus, it spurred the abortion of the female structure in ovules. The rate of abortion in young fruits was very high, and it was difficult to observe the development of normal embryos by paraffin sections. There were 0-4 seeds in the nearly matured fruits and (1.3±0.42) seeds on an average. The economical seedlessness rate of the JZT(P)-1 was up to 100%. A few of normal seeds were polyembryonic. There were some embryos in a normal seed. The results in our research provided embryology basis to the ascertain of the extraordinary late maturing Citrus reticulate JZT(P)-1.

  Studies on Isolation of Endophytic Bacteria from Citrus Skins and Screening of Antagonistic Strains against Penicillium italicum 2011, 27 (28):  235-239.  Abstract + ( 1356 )   PDF ( 1037477KB )   ( 911 ) Citrus green mildew is the main diseases of citrus in storage period. In order to use antagonist endogenous bacteria for biological control, in this study, 26 endophytic strains were isolated from the Citrus skins of three selected varieties using the method of grinding liquid culture. By confrontation culture method, seven endophytic strains had obviously antagonism against Penicillium italicum, accounting for 19.2% of the total. Preliminary identification showed the 5 strains belong to Aerobacillus sp.，Bacillus sp., Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Xanthomonas spp., respectively. The occurrence frequency of antagonistic endophytes in different varieties of Citrus was different. Bacteriostatic results showed that bacteriostatic circle diameter of H-3 was the largest, reached 15.3 mm, and that of H-18 was the smallest, only 5.6 mm after cultivated for 3 days; after 4 days, each bacteriostatic circle diameter were narrow, but narrow range was not too much; after 5 days, antagonistic effects of H-3 was still evident, its bacteriostatic circle diameter was 10.3 mm. By morphologic and physiological characteristics, especially by the analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, H-3 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The found of the endophytic bacterium of H-3 had good application value on biological control of blue mold of Citrus.

  Optimization of SRAP Reaction System on Mini-watermelon 2011, 27 (28):  240-244.  Abstract + ( 1287 )   PDF ( 2223741KB )   ( 796 ) To establish SRAP reaction system for mini-watermelon and explore the generality of the SRAP technology system among different type of watermelon resources, the SRAP reaction system was optimized, in terms of Mg2+, dNTPs, primers, Taq polymerase and template DNA 5 factors and their 4 levels with the primer Em3-Me3, by an orthogonal design. And further application of the optimal reaction system was applied among different type of watermelon resources. The results indicated that the watermelon appropriate SRAP-PCR reaction system in a 10 μL reaction system was: 10× PCR buffer 2 μL, Mg2+ 3.0 mmol/L, dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L, primer 0.5 μmol/L, template DNA 40 ng, Taq polymerase 0.5 U. 37 mini-watermelon germplasms were used to test the stabilization of the optimized reaction system. The optimized reaction system was very stable and can well meet the different type watermelon requirements of genomic DNA amplification.

  Study on the Tissue Culture of Salacca zalacca 2011, 27 (28):  245-248.  Abstract + ( 1687 )   PDF ( 1910742KB )   ( 924 ) The aim was to establish the tissue culture technique of Salacca zalacca and provide the theoretical basis for large scale propagation of Salacca zalacca. With the embryo of Salacca zalacca as explants, the effect of plant growth regulators types and concentration on multiple shoots and root induction were studied. It took about 6 months to induce multiple shoots. The highest shoot regeneration frequency (41.7%) was recorded on MS medium with 8.0 mg/L 2ip and 0.25 mg/L NAA. Half-strength MS medium with 1 mg/L IBA and 1 mg/L ABT was best for root induction where the rate of rooting was 46.9%. The in vitro-raised plantlets with roots and height ＞5 cm were transplanted into polythene bags with yellow subsoil + perlite. The survival rate was more than 80%.

  Study on Index of Physiological and Biochemical in Resistance to Strawberry Powdery Mildew 2011, 27 (28):  249-253.  Abstract + ( 1389 )   PDF ( 618623KB )   ( 989 ) It was studied the resistance to powdery mildow (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) of 5 different strawberry cultivars. The content of soluble carbohytrate and changes in activity of specific enzymes such as PAL, POD, PPO and SOD were detected. The results showed that the content of chloroplast of the leaves and the activity of PAL, POD, PPO were increased as the resistance strenghened, the activity of SOD was reduced as the resistance strenghened, while the change in content of soluble carbohytrate was negligible. The result of variance analysis illustrated the significant difference in the content of chloroplast and the activity of PAL and PPO between different cultivars, which confirmed that the content of chloroplast and the activity of PAL, PPO could used as indicator for resistance to powdery mildow (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) of strawberry.

  Studies on Induced Resistance of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 2011, 27 (28):  254-257.  Abstract + ( 1225 )   PDF ( 664757KB )   ( 955 ) The study was done for the induced resistance of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense for defense enzymes as an indicator, in order to develop biocontrol agents. Inoculated Fusarium moniliforme, saturated limewater and sterile water respectively to banana seedlings. After 7 days, inoculated Fusarium oxysporum, determinated peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity. The results showed Fusarium moniliforme and saturated limewater had a certainly affection on POD enzymes, but in 3-6 min, all did not reach significant level of five percent, in 25℃ reached 15 min, the SOD activity of Fusarium moniliforme (22.967) was higher than saturated limewater (18.171) and sterile water (14.322) .CAT activity curve of two treatments were slight higher than comparison, but between treatments had not significant difference, showed limewater and Fusarium moniliforme can produce induced resistance certainly. The purpose of the research laid the foundation for the induced resistance of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.

  Cutting Propagation Technology of Toricellia angulata var. intermedia 2011, 27 (28):  258-262.  Abstract + ( 1228 )   PDF ( 672775KB )   ( 741 ) Toricellia angulata var. intermedia with value of landscaping is protected in Shaanxi Province. The cutting propagation technology of Toricellia angulata var. intermedia was studied with L9(34) orthogonal test design which consisted of three factors of cutting medium, auxin and the auxin concentration. The results showed that cutting medium had the main impact on rooting, and then was the type of auxin, auxin concentration had the least impact. Taking perlite as the cutting medium, ABT as hormone, 200 mg/L as auxin concentration were the best cutting propagation technical conditions of Toricellia angulata var. intermedia, and the rooting rate reached 96.7%, the rooting index reached 408.0.

  Current Situation and Countermeasures of Vegetable Industry and Price Fluctuation in Xinjiang 2011, 27 (28):  263-268.  Abstract + ( 1203 )   PDF ( 622952KB )   ( 1039 ) This research is composed of field studies and questionnaire analysis, and focuses on both the development of vegetable industry and the management of vegetable price in Xinjiang. Based on the analysis of market situation and price fluctuation from the point of production and supply, the research discusses the difficulties and challenges faced by the vegetable price management, and put forward suggestions for the development of vegetable industry as establishing key vegetable production bases and making their leading role in regional vegetable self-supply, promoting greenhouse vegetable production and ensuring an year-round supply, enhancing the brand establishment and the competitiveness of the local vegetable industry, and forming a modern market and logistic system.

  Research on the Prediction of Vegetable Price Based on the RBF Neural Network Model 2011, 27 (28):  269-273.  Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 728537KB )   ( 990 ) Accurate prediction of agricultural product market prices for farmers' production decisions and government regulation is of great significance. Considering the complexity of vegetables price forecast, the prediction model of vegetables price was set up by applying the RBF neural network, using the 2003-2007 mushroom market price data. The model parameters were determined by using simulation experiment, and they were used to predict the 2008-2009 mushroom market prices for Beijing. Its prediction accuracy rating was compared with BP neural network model. The experimental results showed that the RBF neural network model was more accurate than BP neural network model.

  Effects of Seed-coating Agent on Seedling Growth of No-tillage and Direct-seeding Rape 2011, 27 (28):  274-278.  Abstract + ( 1159 )   PDF ( 580051KB )   ( 851 ) To explore the effects of seed-coating agents on seedling growth, some enzyme activities and contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K) and boron(B) of rape under the conditions of no-tillage and direct-seeding, experiments were conducted by using no-tillage and direct-seeding cultivation with hybrid and conventional rape seeds coated with seed pelleting agent WHY-11 and seed filming agent YCY-11, respectively. Results showed that the prevention rates to main diseases and insect pests during seedlings of coating treatment rapes with WHY-11 and WHY-11 increased by 32.73%-79.44% and 10.91%-70.61%, compared with uncoated controls, respectively. The cauline basilar width increased by 7.96%-11.54% and 3.45%-6.90%; The leaf area increased by 4.21%-38.31% and 20.56%-21.08%; The fresh weight increased by 11.84%-46.86% and18.80%-25.83%; The rate of high hypocotylar seedling decreased by 5.66%-10.23% and 15.11%-18.90%; The contents of N, P, K and B increased by 7.44%-19.22% and 0.95%-5.52%, 2.0%-2.8% and 18.74%-38.83%，3.57%-4.49% and 2.85%-4.30%, 7.82%-9.07% and 9.05%-10.72%, respectively; The activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 17.64%-44.56% and 27.61%-33.05%， 85.54%-86.46% and 19.62%-66.56%, 8.46%-19.35% and 14.99%-27.73%, respectively. Those results showed that two seed-coating agents not only could promote seedling growth, increase seedling resistance to adverse environments, but also could enhance seedling qualities of no-tillage and direct- seeding rapes. These effects, however, were different on hybrid and conventional rapes. The general effects of seed pelleting agent were better than those of seed filming agent.

  Study of Nitrogen、Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrimental Effect on Eggplant 2011, 27 (28):  279-285.  Abstract + ( 1444 )   PDF ( 684190KB )   ( 1590 ) The aim was to improve soil nutrient and its application to eggplant, meet eggplants nutrient need, and ind out the optimal fertilizer formula for high output eggplant production. ‘Nong Fu 3’ was used as material, “3414” designing experiment and14 treatments with 3 replications were carried out. The experimental results showed that fertilize could improve eggplant output remarkable. N2P2K2 treatment’s yield was highest among the fertilize treatments. Treatments without or less applied any one of the three nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium could make yield decreasing in different level, while nitrogen application was the most important yield formation factor. The insufficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium application made eggplant fruit decreasing. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium applied rates enhanced eggplant nutrient content and accumulation significantly, but nutrient allocation proportion decreased in the fruit. The mathematical model between eggplant and nutrient applied rates showed that the optimal nutrient application was: N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.55-0.83:0.63-0.84, or N:P2O5:K2O=392-433:240-243:271-330 kg/hm2.

  Effect of Rhizosphere Ventilation Volume on Plant growth, Transpiration and Fruit Yield of Potted Tomato 2011, 27 (28):  286-290.  Abstract + ( 1400 )   PDF ( 734969KB )   ( 932 ) In order to determine the optimal crop rhizosphere ventilation volume, air compressor was used to supply gas, and three ventilation coefficient [0.4 (T1), 0.8 (T2) and 1.2 (T3)] were set to study the potted tomato growth, transpiration and associated physiological indices. The results showed that ventilation treatment could significantly improve the tomato plant stem diameter, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation, and all had the highest value under the T2 treatment; the cumulative transpiration of tomato plant are different under different ventilation volume in experiment times, which finally showed: T2>T3>T1>CK. Rhizosphere ventilation had significantly effect on potted tomato yield and crop water productivity. The fruit yield and dry matter accumulation reached highest value under T2 treatment, which was the most conducive to the growth of potted tomato.

  Preliminary Study on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Salak in the Different Shadings 2011, 27 (28):  291-294.  Abstract + ( 1554 )   PDF ( 572351KB )   ( 985 ) The Salak is shade-requiring plant and shading treatment plays an important role for the growth of Salack, the author conducted the effect of different shading treatments on the development of Salack. This experiment was treated with 4 treatment as non-shading (CK), 25% shading (S1), 50% shading (S2), 75% shading (S3), coconut leaf shading on the cultivation of Salack. The results showed that there were significant differences among different treatments on the development of Salak (P<0.05). The best treatment showed as followed: 75% shading＞50% shading＞coconut leaf shading. The shading treatment had effect to improve the growth of Salak. These results provided the valuable informations for mass production of Salak.

  Investigation of Biological Character and Main Biochemical Composition among 13 New Special Hakka Tea Strains in Meizhou 2011, 27 (28):  295-300.  Abstract + ( 1558 )   PDF ( 636780KB )   ( 1002 ) In order to lay the germplasm resources and data groundwork for In order to lay the germplasm resources and data groundwork for developing new Hakka tea product and resuming historically famous tea from Hakka areal in a future time, biological character and main biochemical composition in spring, summer and autumn were investigated and analyzed systematically among 13 new Hakka tea strains selected from tea populations in Qingliangshan and Guoduo of Meizhou. The results indicated that Qingliangshan tea series were shrubs with small leaves, had high germinating densities ranged from 1719 to 2862 buds/m2, and weighted ranged from 8.4 to 15.2 g per 100 buds; Guodu tea series were trees or small trees with middle and small leaves, had smaller germinating densities ranged from 450 to 774 buds/m2, and weighted ranged from 25.0 to 43.8 g per 100 buds. All of the 13 strains were rich in contained substances. The contents of tea polyphenols, catechin and water soluble matters in summer were the highest, and free amino acids were more in spring than in summer and autumn significantly. Both caffeine and soluble sugar contents altered little in three seasons. There was little variation in free amino acids and soluble sugar contents between the two series tea plants. But the contents of tea polyphenols, catechin, water soluble matters and caffeine were all higher in Qingliangshan tea than in Guoduo tea, as the same as the ratio of tea polyphenols to free amino acids.

  Investment of Waterlogging and Drought Effect on the Sesame Production in China 2011, 27 (28):  301-306.  Abstract + ( 1129 )   PDF ( 654045KB )   ( 935 ) Waterlogging and drought effect on the sesame production were studied by invested 20 counties or cities in China from 2008 to 2010. The results showed waterlogging was the predominant abiotic factors affecting sesame production. From 2008 to 2010, waterlogging stress affected 39.6%, 23.3% and 15.4% of the sesame planting area of the 20 locations, and brought 27.5%, 19.0% and 21.5% loss in average yield respectively; furthermore, there 1.1%, 5.8% and 4.2% sesame planting area were affected by drought with the average yield reduced 22.5%, 36.3% and 24.6% respectively. The results also revealed more waterlogging incidences happened in initial bloom, full-bloom and filling stages, and it is still lack of effective methods to control sesame waterlogging.

  Study on Different Shade about Pinellia ternata in the Cool-temperate Karst Region 2011, 27 (28):  307-310.  Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 611508KB )   ( 847 ) The effects of different shading conditions on the growth and yield of Pinellia ternata were studied. The three treatments were the SZW-8 type shade net, the SZW-12-type shade net and the non-shading. The yield, grain number, weight and plant traits were investigated. The yield of SZB-8 type and HZW-12 type was 0.73 times, 1.82 times respectively lower than that of the non-shading. The grain number and weight were lower than that of non-shading. Plant height, stem height with the shade rate increased, but the leaf length, leaf width had nothing to do with shade rate. In the cool-temperate region of karst, no shading was the best condition for Pinellia ternata.

  Analysis the Application of the Sphere Plant Landscaping Element in the Landscape Wang Zhao Wang Kun 2011, 27 (28):  311-316.  Abstract + ( 1342 )   PDF ( 865465KB )   ( 977 ) The sphere plant landscaping element is refers to the sphere or approximate to sphere plant material that naturally grown or after the artificial trim, that is used widely and largely in the modern landscape. On the analysis of common species, this article pointed out that the sphere plant landscaping element had the features of geniality, imagination, conciseness, easily integrated, flexibility and so on, and summarized the application way of the sphere plant landscaping element in the landscape space composition and plant landscape, also the article hoped that it can provide reference guidance for the construction of the plant landscape in the gardens.