Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.27 Published:25 October 2011

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  Genetic Breeding and Cultivation of Drought Resistance Rice 2011, 27 (27):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1239 )   PDF ( 1328182KB )   ( 1347 ) Drought resistance rice has become a hot issue in scientific research of rice. Foster drought resistance rice varieties and realize the varieties of water-saving cultivation are of great significance for water saving and high yield. Research on drought resistance of rice, many researchers were to drought indicators, physiological and biochemical mechanisms of drought resistance, drought tolerance and related gene mapping and cloning has done a lot of research work, and achieved positive results. This paper reviews the drought resistance of rice genetic mapping, gene cloning, breeding methods and breeding drought resistance at home and abroad on the achievements of drought water-saving cultivation techniques outlined, and the current drought resistance in rice is summarized, which would provide a reference for further researching on drought resistance rice in future.

  Advances in Studies of Salt Tolerance in Cultivated Soybean 2011, 27 (27):  6-11.  Abstract + ( 1214 )   PDF ( 1170437KB )   ( 1255 ) Evaluation, selection, and utilization of salt-tolerant germplasm resources of cultivated soybean are very important to the exploitation of saline soil. In this paper, recent researches about salt tolerance in cultivated soybean such as evaluation methodology of salt tolerance, physiological and biochemical mechanisms, molecular biology in plant salt tolerance, and selection and exploitation in salt-tolerant germplasm resources are summarized. The problems in current researches are also analyzed. The further research should be based on increasing salt concentration and salt types, with the use of advanced biological technology and testing methods. The appraisal should be carried out comprehensive and systematic with the discovery and application of new germplasm, in order to achieve the innovative use of salt-tolerant germplasm resources of cultivated soybean.

  Progress in Zinc Fertilization in the Production System of Main Cereal Crops 2011, 27 (27):  12-17.  Abstract + ( 1079 )   PDF ( 1313443KB )   ( 1165 ) Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a prevalent problem in production system of cereal crops. To some extent, Zn deficiency affects yield and quality. There are some problems in zinc fertilizer applications, such as the unreasonable rate or/and inappropriate methods. In this paper, the application methods and rates of Zn fertilizer are summarized and discussed to guide the optimum management of Zn fertilizer in production of wheat, rice and maize. The advantages and disadvantages of each application methods are evaluated. In general, the main approaches of Zn fertilizer application include seed treatment, such as seed priming, seed coating and seed dressing, soil application, like broadcast, banding methods and foliar application, or combination of these methods. And each application method has its advantage and disadvantage and applicability.These methods need to be selected according to the crops, soil condition and specific condition at different location.

  Impact of Fertilization and Crop Roots on Microbial Nitrogen Transformation 2011, 27 (27):  18-22.  Abstract + ( 1127 )   PDF ( 1149999KB )   ( 1215 ) Soil microorganisms are the main body for N transformation. Soil organic matter and rhizodeposits are driven forces for microbial N transformation. The objective of this review was to address the effect of fertilizer input or organic matter amendments on nitrogen transformation aroused by soil microorganism. We found that fertilizer input or organic matter amendments had an effect on soil N transformation through indirect affecting photosynthates translocation and mineralization of labile organic matter, or directly providing solute for microorganism. As a result, fertilizer input and organic matter amendments impact microbial biomass, community structure, abundances of genes involved in nitrogen transformations or microbial produced enzymes. Crop roots affected microbial number and activity through rhizodeposits or residue return. Microorganisms mineralized soil organic mater or organic inputs according to their needs for C, N or energy. So soil organic mater content significantly affects microbial nitrogen transformation except for organic matter amendments. In conclusion, fertilization had direct/indirect effects on soil microorganism, accordingly had an effect on soil nitrogen forms, and consequently had an effect on crop N uptake.

  A Review of Saline-sodic Soil and Tillage Amelioration in Northeast of China 2011, 27 (27):  23-31.  Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 1574349KB )   ( 1628 ) The macroscopical mechanisms and processes of the formation of saline-sodic soil in Northeast China were reviewed. The disadvantage of saline-sodic soil and the necessity of all kinds of cultivation were analyzed. According to the forming processes of the saline-sodic soil, in microcosmic management cultivation was the basis of improving the physical and chemical properties of saline-sodic soil in Northeast China, and the basis of chemical amelioration and phytomelioration. It provided a theoretical foundation and guidance for comprehensive management to saline-sodic soil.

  Progress on the Influencing Factors and Controlling Methods on Field Soil Nitrate Leaching 2011, 27 (27):  32-38.  Abstract + ( 1221 )   PDF ( 1352890KB )   ( 1552 ) The nitrate leaching occurred in the field soil is one of the main nitrogen fertilizer losses, and is the main source of the groundwater contamination, hence gets world wide concerns. This paper analyzed the man-induced factors and inartificial factors on this problem. And it also summarized the controlling methods in recent years including: nitrogen fertilizer managements, water usage managements, catch crops and rational rotations, and the cultivation of nitrate efficient crop cultivars. The aim of this review was to provide information for the integrative nitrogen fertilizer managements for both high quality & yield and environmental protection.

  Research Advances in Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil 2011, 27 (27):  39-44.  Abstract + ( 1162 )   PDF ( 1310493KB )   ( 1227 ) n order to study the bioavailability of heavy metals and their influencing factors, the chemical behavior of heavy metal in soils and the influencing factors on heavy metals bioavailability was reviewed; also the evaluation method of heavy metal bioavailability was discussed. It showed that the studies of the heavy metal species in the entering membranes process were relatively insufficient and more concern should be focused on the heavy metals bioavailability in some special ecosystem, such as water-level-fluctuating zone and riparian wetland. In the future, more studies should be conducted on heavy metal chemical behavior in rhizosphere and a universal method estimating heavy metal bioavailability should be established to improve the relative apprehensibility between studies in this field.

  Creation of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Mutant 2011, 27 (27):  45-49.  Abstract + ( 1292 )   PDF ( 1727836KB )   ( 1168 ) To provide materials for the research of rice functional genomics, dry seeds of ‘Zhonghua11’and LR001 were induced with 60Co γ-ray, then these seeds and ‘Jinhui21’ M1 seed, induced by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) of 1%, were induced with 1% EMS. Through the screening to M2, seven hundred and sixteen mutants, including the changed organ of leaf, stem, panicles and grain, etc, were identified. Among these ones, some were of great value in research, such as no-tillering, more-tillering, albino, mini-plant, thin grains, flower organs, etc. More types of mutants were obtained, with a frequencies of mutation mean of 1.79%, and all emerged in the three varieties in double induction. This indicated that the double mutation technology might provide a lot of mutants for functional genomics research.

  Studies on Lodging Resistance of Rice Culms and Influencing Factors in Different Harvest Periods in Coastal Areas 2011, 27 (27):  50-54.  Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 1501604KB )   ( 860 ) ‘Yanfeng47’, ‘Yangeng218’, ‘Yangeng456’ and better application prospect new lines H50 and H199 were used as materials, with the actual harvest of Panjin, at October 5th, 15th and 25th phased harvest, measuring plant height, culm diameter of elongation internode and other morphological indexes, studies on lodging resistance of rice culms and influencing factors in different harvest periods. The results showed that the lodging index was S3>S4>S2>S1, it was shown that the weak link of occurring lodging was S3 internode. From October 5th to October 25th the lodging index showed that decreasing first and then increasing later, the lodging index was the maximum and the lodging resistance was the minimum of October 25th. During morphological indicators, plant height with the lodging index of S4 to S1 had positive correlation, with the lodging index of S3 had very significantly correlated, wall thickness and the lodging index was negative correlation, but it didn’t reach significant level. Stem diameter and the lodging index was negative correlation, with S4 and S1 reached significant level. General analysis, the best harvest time was the October 15th.

  Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Rice Seedling for Two Cultivated Varieties of Rice 2011, 27 (27):  55-59.  Abstract + ( 1019 )   PDF ( 1931070KB )   ( 1051 ) Rice stripe disease is one of the most economically devastating and widespread viral disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.). To illustrate the molecular mechanism of high resistance rice varieties to rice stripe disease resistance, the two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to study the characteristics and differences of protein expression profiles between rice cultivars of ‘Zhendao88’ and ‘Xudao3’, which had high resistance to rice stripe disease. The results showed that approximately 1000 protein spots were separated and visualized on coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) stained two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels, which were mainly distributed in the isoelectric point of 4 to 7, 10-100 kDa molecular weight range. With the help of ImageMaster 2D Platinum software, 7 down-regulated proteins were found in ‘Xudao3’ and 6 proteins were ultimately identified by MALDI-TOF. These proteins included energy associated proteins, metabolism associated proteins, defense associated proteins, and unknown protein.

  Genetic Analysis of Two Dwarf Mutants of Rice 2011, 27 (27):  60-64.  Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 1601041KB )   ( 932 ) The aim was to study the genetic development of dwarf mutants of rice. Two dwarf mutants mini-plant (mp) and dwarf multi-tiller, reciprocal crossed with‘Minghui 63’and‘Minghui 86’. By the character investigation and chi-square test, in the F1 generation, two dwarf mutants had recessive heredity. In the F2 segregating population, the number of rice dwarf mutant and wild-type plants, met Mendel's single-genetic laws. Therefore, it confirmed that the two dwarf mutants of rice were controlled by a single autosomal recessive gene, respectively.

  Study on Physiological Characteristics of Seed Dormancy in Rice 2011, 27 (27):  65-69.  Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 6075169KB )   ( 1220 ) Seeds from dormancy cultivar 4628 and none-dormancy cultivar 996, harvested in 30 days after heading, which were used to scan glume structure by scanning electron microscopy and determine seed water absorption, air absorption, enzyme activity, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and endogenous hormones content. The results showed that the poor water absorption and air absorption were found in dormancy cultivar 4628 seed, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), dehydrogenase and amylase, the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar in dormancy cultivar 4628 seed were significantly lower than those of none-dormancy cultivar 996 seed, the contents of GA, IAA and ZR in dormancy cultivar 4628 seed were lower than those of none-dormancy cultivar 996, while higher than that of none-dormancy cultivar 996 seed in ABA content. Scanning electron microscopy showed the surface cell of glume was unloose arranged with less villus and less hole in dormancy cultivar 4628, hindered water absorption and air absorption.

  A Wheat Cold Resistance Mutant Derived From Space Mutagenesis 2011, 27 (27):  70-74.  Abstract + ( 1027 )   PDF ( 1575321KB )   ( 1047 ) In order to study the mechanism of wheat cold resistance, and discover genes associated with mutant cold resistance, a cold resistance mutant, obtained by spaceflight mutagenesis on the seeds of wheat variety ‘Han6172’, and the DNA of cold resistance mutant and contrast ‘Han6172’ were compared by SRAP technique. 380 pairs of primers were screened, 6 pairs of them had polymorphisms between mutant and contrast, the rate was 1.58%, and this data indicated that there were no obvious DNA differences between mutant and contrast. Six specific fragments were obtained, 3 fragments of them were amplified in mutant. Homology analysis in GenBank showed that Me3-Em7-Mt, Me4-Em11-CK, Me7-Em19-CK and Me6-Em9-Mt all had homologous sequences with wheat chromosome 3B-specific BAC library, and this result indicated that the gene and regulator sequences associated with mutant cold resistance might locate on 3B chromosome.

  The Biology Characters and Feeding Quality Analysisof Nine Distant Hybrids 2011, 27 (27):  75-78.  Abstract + ( 1095 )   PDF ( 1403744KB )   ( 1084 ) In order to lay a foundation for breeding high quality forage corn distant hybrids forage grass strain. by the analysis on biology characters, yield and nutritional quality of distant hybrids between temperate zone corn and teosinte, the paper tries to filter prominent distant hybrids between temperate zone corn and teosinte, The result shows that in temperate zone (Shandong province), filial generation have many advantages with more tillering, higher yield and better quality than the control. The reinto, TH-02-044 grass yield reaches 94355 kg/hm2,equals to 3-4 times of control variety, CP content of each hybridized strain is higher than control variety, among which TH-02-030 and TH-02-023 have significant difference from control variety, respectively reaches 11.18% and 11.65%. TH-02-044, TH-02-030 and TH-02-023 three strains have prominent characteristics on tiller number, biological output and nutritional quality aspects,which have potential to be a resource of fine quality forage grass.

  Heterosis of Gradient Tropical Germplasm Populations on Maize Economic Traits 2011, 27 (27):  79-85.  Abstract + ( 1119 )   PDF ( 1285645KB )   ( 919 ) In order to innovate maize breeding new materials, gradient tropical germplasm populations were constructed according to different proportion of tropical germplasm into temperate germplasm. Using Gradient tropical germplasm populations as test materials, explored the economic traits genetic difference and heterosis potential. The results showed that: the statistical analysis indicated that the main economic traits except bald length difference between the groups was significant, the other characters the differences were highly significant; When the receptor for the Mo17 and 478, respectively, the proportion of tropical germplasm into 50% of Mobai 964 or Mohuang No. 9 groups of major economic traits were better than overall performance, selected excellent comprehensive economic traits and heterosis breeding of new materials and strong potential hybridcrosses.

  Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Corn on Red Soil of Upland in Yunnan Plateau 2011, 27 (27):  86-91.  Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 1277456KB )   ( 906 ) Studying on corn quantitative characters such as corn yield, corn yield of single plant, area of ear leaf, and corn straw yield and so on for finding out the effect of different phosphorus fertilizer rates with balanced fertilization of nitrogen, potash, magnesium and zinc on red soil of upland. A field experiment on phosphorus rates was conducted in Yunnan Plateau. Results showed that there was more sensitivity between different phosphorus fertilizer rates and corn yield, corn yield of single plant, area of ear leaf, seed weight of ear and corn straw yield, and its variation range was more than 46%; but it was less sensitivity to the chlorophyll content and plant height, the variation range was less than 20%. Rank of corn biological yield of different treatments from high to low was 2OPT+P > 2OPT > 2OPT-P > OPT > 2OPT-2P > CK.

  Difference and Correlation Analysis of Grain Milking Rate and Grain Dehydrating Rate on Maize 2011, 27 (27):  92-97.  Abstract + ( 1520 )   PDF ( 1475598KB )   ( 1324 ) Heilongjiang Province is located in the northern part of Chinese early-maturing maize region. The yield and the quality of maize are all lower, the primary factors are that, the frostless season is short and the heat resource is not enough. Selecting the varieties of higher yield and lower grain moisture content is the best channel to solve this contradiction. Through analysis of variance and the analysis of correlation of the grain milking rate, the gain dehydrating rate, the grain moisture content and yield within 10 varieties. The results showed that there was difference in grain milking rate at different milking stage of cultivars. ‘Sidan19’, ‘Dongnong250’ and ‘Jidan27’ milked faster at early filling stage than the other test cultivars and ‘Nendan10’, ‘Xingken3’, ‘Nendan11’ milked faster at late filling stage than the other test cultivars. And there was difference in grain dehydrating rate at each filling stage. ‘Sidan19’, ‘Dongnong250’, ‘Jidan 27’, ‘Nendan10’ dehydrated faster than the other cultivars in the test and had lower grain water content. And these hybrid varieties have been evaluated synthetically. It will provide the science basis for planting fine varieties of maize.

  Study on High Yield Physiological Characteristics of the New Sweet Potato Variety ‘Luoxushu No. 9’ 2011, 27 (27):  98-103.  Abstract + ( 959 )   PDF ( 1524215KB )   ( 1045 ) To study high yield physiological characteristics of the ‘Luoxushu No.9’ and provide scientific data for its high yield cultivation and wide application. ‘Xushu18’ was used as the control. After Luoxushu No.9 was transplanted for 60 days, the root investigation was done every 20 days. The investigation items include fresh and dry weight of stems and leaves, fresh and dry weight of roots, T/R rate, leaf area, index of leaf area, net assimilation rate, biomass, economic yield and coefficient of economic yield. ‘Luoxushu No.9’ had many physiological characteristics. For example, above-ground stems and leaves grew rapidly in the early stage and then slowed down; the underground tuber formed early and accumulated mainly in the middle and late stage; the root enlarged fast and lasted; coordination between sink and source; the average net assimilation rate was higher than ‘Xushu 18’; in the whole growth period the biomass and economic yield were significantly higher than ‘Xushu 18’; there was a higher economic factor. ‘Luoxushu No.9’ was an early-maturing variety with underground tuber forming earlier, higher net assimilation rate and lower consumption. Its material production belonged to “net assimilation rate” type.

  Studies on Technique of Chromosome Squashing of Root-tip in Sugarcane 2011, 27 (27):  104-108.  Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 1887766KB )   ( 1198 ) Sugarcane belongs to the allopolyploid plant which contains large number of chromosome with small size. The cytological research on sugarcane may hence be influenced by its difficulties to obtain chromosome products successful. In this paper, the root-tips of sugarcane were used to study the effects of the sampling time, the pretreatment chemical solution, hydrolysing time and staining on the chromosome squashing. The results showed that the optimal sampling time of roots was 15:00 pm under the lower temperature condition in winter. Among the four pretreatment of chemical solutions, the solution mixed with equal volume of saturated p-dichlorobenzene and 0.002 mol/L 8-hydroxyquinoline, was pretreated at room temperature for 4～4.5 h got best result. Root tips were then hydrolysed with the solution mixed by equal volume of 1 mol/L HCl and 45% acetic acid, for 8 min at 60℃, and stained with modified Carbol fuchsin solution. With this method a very good effect of chromosome squashing could be obtained.

  Effects of Short-term NaCl and Na2CO3 Stress on Recovery of Seed Germination of Medicago sativa L. 2011, 27 (27):  109-112.  Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 1306716KB )   ( 953 ) The present study explored the effect of short-term Na+ salt stress on characteristic of seed germination of M. sativa. The four environmental factors used in the experimental setup included salt type, salt concentration, temperature and stress duration. Seed germination rate (potential) was assessed. The result showed that the lowest final germination rate was obtained at 30℃ when salinity stress was removed. No persistent effect of temperature treatment was found. Early temperature stress affected the germination rate only in the first 3 days and no in the later days. Na2CO3 had a long-term inhibitory impact on germination and were significantly lower than NaCl in all measures. The final germination rate decreased gradually with the rise of salinity. There was substantial recovery of germination in the 5th day from salinity stress although germination in the first 3 days was inhibited at 250 mM concentration, indicating the short-term inhibitory effect of salt concentration. Similar effect could be observed for stress duration. Longer duration caused the lower final germination rate. Treatment for 30 h inhibited germination in the first 3 days and had higher recovery of germination in the 5th day. Thus, variations in these environmental factors appeared to play variously significant roles in recovery of germination of M. sativa from short-term Na+ salt stress.

  Testing of Seed-borne Fungi of Cistanche deserticola Seed 2011, 27 (27):  113-117.  Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 1591475KB )   ( 997 ) To study the dominant seed-borne fungi of Cistanche deserticola seeds which were from different producing area. Petri-dish testing was used to determine the external (washing and seed) and internal (seed disinfection and seed kernel disinfection) seed-borne fungi of the seed. The result indicated that Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and Eurotium spp. were the main seed-borne fungi of Cistanche deserticola. There was few difference in the type of the fungi among producing areas but differences in the isolation frequency of the fungi. It would provide a scientific basis for instituting standard of seed C. deserticola.

  The Study on Characteristics of Microbes and Enzyme Activity in Rhizosphere and Out-rhizosphere Soil of Tea Garden at Various Ages 2011, 27 (27):  118-121.  Abstract + ( 1293 )   PDF ( 1398781KB )   ( 996 ) This paper studied soil nutrients, the number of microorganisms and the change of enzyme activity in rhizosphere and out-rhizosphere soil with tea trees grown of different years. The results showed that the soil pH value of the tea garden decreased as tea trees grew old .Various soil nutrients in rhizosphere soil were higher than those in out-rhizosphere soil. And tea trees grown of 20 years had the largest number of soil nutrients, followed by those of 4 years and then those of 38 years. The number of microorganisms, closely related with the pH of the soil and organic matter, was larger in rhizosphere soil than that in out- rhizosphere soil. The total number of the bacteria, actinomyces and fungi was higher in the tea garden of 20 years than that of 4 years which was higher than that of 38 years. Enzyme activity was higher in rhizosphere soil than that in out- rhizosphere soil, and as the tea grew, the enzyme activity ratio of rhizosphere soil to out-rhizosphere soil increased. So soil enzyme activity had played an indicative role in analyzing soil fertility.

  Optimization of Cellulase Production by Aspergillus niger No.Q9 2011, 27 (27):  122-126.  Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 1473790KB )   ( 1021 ) The aim was to increase the cellulase activity of Aspergillus niger No.Q9, and apply it in the degradation of cellulose resources. Single factor and orthogonal experiments were applied to screen of carbon and nitrogen sources and optimize the fermentation medium and culture conditions of Aspergillus niger No.Q9. The results showed that the optimal carbon source was wheat straw powder and bran, and nitrogen source was (NH4)2SO4. The optimized medium contained 2.00% straw power, 1.50% bran and 1.20% (NH4)2SO4, with pH 5.5. The optimum culture conditions contained 5% inoculum, 170 r/min rotation speed, on 30℃and culturing 3 days. The cellulase activity was increased by 33.46 % from 123.79 to 165.21 U/mL. Aspergillus niger No.Q9 had higher CMCase activity, and its enzyme activity could be enhanced through mutation experiments.

  Effects of Sludge on Heavy Metals Accumulition in Rape and Soil 2011, 27 (27):  135-140.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 1521122KB )   ( 1618 ) For the purpose of sludge utilization, the effects of sludge on production of rape, salt content and the cumulative variation of Hg, As, Zn in rape and soil were studied by the pot experiment in this paper. The results indicated that sludge could increase rape fresh weight and R/S in a certain range (50 g sludge/pot). When the amount of sludge reached at a large amount (100 g sludge/pot), which affected on rape would decrease obviously. Sludge was better than chemical fertilizer and chicken in promoting rape uptake of N and P. However, the absorption of K was worse than chicken. Sludge was higher than fertilizer and chicken in improving the salt content of soil, but the effect was not obvious .Compared with chemical fertilizer and chicken, the sludge increased soil and rape content of Hg, As and Zn, while the content of Hg increased obviously. After application of sludge, the Hg, As, Zn content of heavy metals of rape and soil are all under the acceptable range according to national vegetable safety standards and soil environmental quality standard (GB15618-1995).

  Research on the Soil Nitrogen Accumulation Characteristics under Traditional Fertilization in Crop Fields 2011, 27 (27):  141-147.  Abstract + ( 1167 )   PDF ( 1515075KB )   ( 1041 ) The research on the soil nitrogen (N) accumulation and transfer can be useful for understanding, explaining, or monitoring the process of nitrate leaching. Using soil inorganic N testing in different field treatments as main research method, this paper analyzed the soil N accumulation and transferring characteristics under the peasants' traditional fertilization in winter wheat/summer maize rotation fields. Results showed that NO3--N was the dominant N style remained in the winter wheat/summer maize rotation field. The soil NO3--N accumulation for conventional treatment ranged from 90.13 kg/hm2 to 426.97 kg/hm2 during the winter wheat growth period, and from 67.96 kg/hm2 to 204.32 kg/hm2 during summer maize growth period, respectively. The NO3--N accumulated in the soil which couldn’t be consumed by crop may be at potential risk of N leaching. Moreover, the paper indicated that besides of the crop consumption, the amount of N application and irrigation were all the main factors affecting the seasonal dynamic variation of soil N accumulation. Further research need to seek rational fertilization managements for improving N efficiency, reducing the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by N leaching loss.

  Effect of Application Amount of N, P and K on Vertical Migration in the North Beach Area of Fuxian Lake 2011, 27 (27):  148-155.  Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 1546422KB )   ( 1115 ) By leaching soil column in the laboratory, vertical migration status and losses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) of paddy soil were studied by different amounts of fertilizer application in allusion to the fact that vegetables were fertilized too much and the nutrients lost easily in the North Beach Area of Fuxian Lake, Yunnan Province. The results showed that available N lost much mainly by vertical migration with water and the loss amount was related most positively significantly to N application amount and under no N application, N lost 381 kg per hectare from sandy loam and 85 kg per hectare from loam clay. Effective P migrated with water down shortly and with few loss, which was absorbed mainly in the fertilized soil layer (0-20 cm depth) and sediment amount in the upper soil was related most positively significantly to P application, P loss was not significantly related to P application amount and P lost 0.007-0.014 kg per hectare from sandy loam or loam clay. Vertical migration distance and amount of available K with water was related positively to K application amount and available K lost very few with 12.00-23.02 kg and 4.81-7.91 kg loss per hectare for sandy loam and loam clay, indicating that most K was absorbed by soil.

  Regionalization on the Eco-climatic and the Soil Environment of Cultivated of Genuine Crude and Near-genuine Crude Chinese Angelica 2011, 27 (27):  156-160.  Abstract + ( 1018 )   PDF ( 1430274KB )   ( 930 ) The aim was to provide scientific guidance for the construction of Chinese angelica base. Using the eco-climatic data and the soil environment data of cultivated area of genuine crude Chinese angelica, the suitable index of eco-climatic and soil environment was set up by the EOF method. The results showed that the eco-climatic data and the soil environment was the leading factor in forming genuine crude Chinese angelica. The 2200 to 2400 meters above sea level of Min county and contiguous to Min county of Gansu Province were the best suitable area of cultivated area of genuine crude Chinese angelica.

  Simulation of Dynamics of Crop Biomass by Assimulation SAR Data into Crop Growth Model 2011, 27 (27):  161-167.  Abstract + ( 1253 )   PDF ( 1414455KB )   ( 1392 ) Biomass is one of the key indicators in crop condition monitoring, which can reflect the growth status of crop and can be closely related to crop yield. One of the methods for retrieving biomass from remotely sensed observations is through inversion of microwave canopy reflectance models based on vector radiative transfer equation. Many model inversion methods fail to account for variable biomass values at different crop growth stages. The objective of this preliminary study is to assimilate the biomass information retrieved from SAR data into the crop growth model to describe the biomass changes with crop growth and improve the accuracy of biomass estimation. Firstly the relationship of temporal biomass with backscatter coefficients retrieved from SAR data is analyzed, and then an empirical model is developed to estimate biomass. Then the Fletcher-Reeves method is developed to modify the parameters of the model by minimizing the difference between biomass simulated by the crop growth model and biomass inverted by SAR data. The results showed that simulated biomass values by the revised model introduced SAR data and the measured values were consistent, and the estimated biomass profile had been significantly improved. And the assimilation of real time and dynamic SAR data into crop growth model can calibrate crop model to actual crop growth conditions to improve accuracy of simulated biomass.

  Secular Variation Features of Agricultural Climate Resources in Guangxi 2011, 27 (27):  168-173.  Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 1716626KB )   ( 1217 ) In order to understand the variation features of agricultural climate resources in Guangxi on the background of global warming, and provide decision basis for government departments to guide agricultural production, develop the facilities agriculture and agriculture climate division. The temporal and spatial tendency, differences of agricultural climate resources in Guangxi was analyzed by using linear-trend estimate and Mann-Kendall catastrophe test, based on the daily air temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours of 71 meteorological stations from 196l to 2010 in Guangxi. The results showed that the accumulated temperature ≥0℃ and the accumulated temperature ≥10℃ increased greatly and abruptly changed in 1997. There was a poor period of heat before the 1980s, the heat was increasing in the 1990s, and it was quite abundant in the last 10 years. The different places of Guangxi also had an increasing tendency. The annual sunshine hours displayed decrease like step. 1975 was the catastrophe point at which the annual sunshine hours began a downward tendency. The illumination resource was the most rich in the 1960s and was the most poor in the 1990s. The results also showed that the variation tendency of precipitation was not significant, and the fluctuation of precipitation inter-annual was intensified.

  Application of SUSAN Algorithm in Feature Extraction of Leaf Margin 2011, 27 (27):  174-178.  Abstract + ( 1259 )   PDF ( 2238041KB )   ( 1191 ) Leaf margin feature is one of the important bases in plant species identification and plant classification. A scheme of computer aided feature extraction of leaf margin has been designed based on descriptions of leaf margin in botany. Firstly, the leaf teeth are detected using an improved SUSAN algorithm. Then three feature parameters of leaf teeth are computed, which are the numbers, sharpness and inclination of the leaf tooth. The scheme was tested on a few types of leaf margin. The result showed that the improved SUSAN algorithm was a useful tool in leaf tooth detection, the three parameters reflected the shape difference among different types of leaf margin and the scheme could be applied in quantitative classification of leaf margin.

  Estimation on Land Consolidation Potential of Rural Residential Area in Qinzhou District, Tianshui City 2011, 27 (27):  179-183.  Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 1431024KB )   ( 824 ) The purpose of this paper is to estimate the potential of rural residential land consolidation for each township of Qinzhou District which can provide references for the work and the special plan of rural residential land consolidation. Methods of standard method of construction land per capita, multi-factor comprehensive assessment, paired comparison and AHP were employed. The results showed that the comprehensive correction coefficients of the townships studies are ranged from 0.17 to 0.77, and the theoretical potential and the realistic potential value of rural residential land consolidation in this region were 2084.11 hm2 and 978.6 hm2, respectively, in which the higher the potential value of these townships were Yuquan Town, Zaojiao Town, Xikou Town and Pingnan Town. Due to various constraints, the corrected value accounted for 46.95% of the theoretical value of the potential of rural residential land consolidation. It was necessary to act according to these results to improve land consolidation efficiency.

  Effects of Site-specific Nitrogen Management on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation and Fertilizer-N Use Efficiency of Rice in the Central Areas of Guizhou Province 2011, 27 (27):  184-190.  Abstract + ( 1467 )   PDF ( 1548098KB )   ( 1052 ) In order to control N fertilizer application period and N application rates reasonably,the effect of site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM) on yield and dry matter accumulation and fertillizer-N use efficiency with rice cultivar ‘Qyoumahui1’ was studied in this article in the central areas of Guizhou Province. The results showed that the SPAD value and LCC value had extremely significant positive correlation, 36-40 was considered as the critical SPAD value, and 3.2-3.5 was the critical LCC value for N application. Compared with fertilization practice of farmer (FFP) on the condition of same N application rates, the yield of SSNM increased by 5.2%, while dry matter accumulation no significant differences between SSNM and FFP. The fertilizer-N recovery efficiency was 42.0%-144.4%, which was higher than that of FFP. SSNM was useful to control N fertilizer application period and N application rates reasonably, it had comparatively large application value in actual rice production.

  Effects of Nitrogen Application on Rice Yield in High Fertility Soil 2011, 27 (27):  191-194.  Abstract + ( 1102 )   PDF ( 1500779KB )   ( 1025 ) Effects of nitrogen application on rice yield were studied in high fertility soil by using the field plot experiments at Nazhang Town, Malong County, Yunnan Province. The results indicated that the rice biomass production increased with nitrogen application rate in high fertility soil. When nitrogen application rate was less than 105 kg/hm2, the rice grain and straw output increased synchronously. When nitrogen application rate was greater than 105 kg/hm2, the straw increased rapidly in production, and grain yield decreased. With the increase of nitrogen application, the biomass and grain yields that generated by each additional 1 kg nitrogen input both decreased, and the grain yields decreased significantly greater than the biomass production.

  Real-time Nitrogen Management for Yield and Utilization of Wheat 2011, 27 (27):  195-199.  Abstract + ( 1067 )   PDF ( 558803KB )   ( 972 ) Winter wheat is the main crops in Southern Shanxi, excess nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to this system is a common problem. Three-year filed experiment was conducted by applying real-time N management in Libu Village of Hongdong County, Shanxi Province. The results of this study clearly showed that optimal N rates were significantly lower than farmer’s practice. The amounts of 3-year accumulative saving N fertilizer were 903 kg/hm2. Compared with farmer’s practice, the grain yield of optimal N rate increased by 6.1%, and the incomes 1833 yuan/hm2, due to synchronizing N supply from soil and fertilizer, and N demand of winter wheat. In addition, the N recovery efficiency, N agronomic efficiency, and N partial factor productivity of optimal N treatment were improved and the nitrate accumulation and leaching were significantly reduced. Therefore, it is preliminarily conclude that application of real-time N management can realize the synchronization of grain yield increase, N efficiency improvement and environment protection.

  Effect of Different Population Structure of Soybean on Yield and Yield Traits in Albic Soil 2011, 27 (27):  200-203.  Abstract + ( 1219 )   PDF ( 1403235KB )   ( 884 ) The study is aimed to search the best population structure of soybean in albic soil, and increase the yield of soybean in albic soil. So, effect of different population structure of soybean on soybean yield and yield traits were studied in different genotype varieties, row spacings, densities in albic soil with 3 factors and 3 levels orthogonal test [using orthogonal table L9(34)]. The results indicated that: variety (F=43.63>F0.01=18.00) and density (F=18.03>F0.01=18.00) were both reached very significant level, row spacings (F=9.28>F0.05=6.94) reached significant level. The relationships between yield and the three each factors of varieties, densities and row spacings were very close. Among all these factor conbinations, the yield achieved the highest when the semi-dwarf variety ‘Henong60’ was used in density of 55 plants per m2 and row spacing of 17 cm, in which the performance of yield traits was the best. Therefore, using dwarf varieties, increasing density, reducing row spacing is an important way to improve soybean yield at the present time.

  Preliminary Study on the Relationship of Cassava Agronomic Characters with Yield in Red Soils Upland of Jiangxi Province 2011, 27 (27):  204-208.  Abstract + ( 1049 )   PDF ( 1438371KB )   ( 888 ) In order to select high-yielding varieties for planting in Jiangxi Province, with 19 cassava varieties or strains as materials, an experiment had study on the difference among the yield and its relationship with cassava shape characteristic. The results showed that: fresh root yield of five varieties was more than 37.5 tons per hm2, that of six varieties was between 30 to 37.5 tons per hm2, that of four varieties was between 22.5 to 30 tons per hm2 and that of four varieties was less than 22.5 tons per hm2. Among 19 cassava varieties, the fresh root yield of seven varieties was more than that of SC205, SC8 and GR024-2 were high in the fresh root yield and fresh root starch content. Fresh root production of cassava was obviously positive correlation with biomass, harvest index and the largest root in rough and was significant negative correlation with the rate of root dry matter, but had less relation with roots per plant, fresh root starch content, plant height, diameter of stem and the longest root in long.

  The Responses of Different Sowing Densities on Sugar and Energy Cane Clones 2011, 27 (27):  209-214.  Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 1332637KB )   ( 914 ) The aim was to know the product traits on different sowing density of varieties (clones). The results were used to provide the reference for energy sugarcane extension and application. The experiments were carried out the comparative trials on five sowing density of five varieties for one-plant and one ratoon crop. There were no significant difference in levels of biological yield, cane yield, sugar yield and total fermentable sugar yield by difference sowing density; and the differences have reached a vary significant level among B1, B8, GT26, GT97/69, GT22 on the biological yield, cane yield, sugar yield and total fermentable sugar yield among yield components on plant height, stem diameter and number of millable stalks; GT97/69 and B1 were more sensitive to sowing density, the best sowing density was 12000 plants/hm2 and 13500 plants/hm2, other varieties were insensitive of sowing density. Variety was the most important factor in determining of sugarcane yield, which was responded differently to different sowing density .Before the extension and application, the comparison trials for different sowing density on the new sugarcane varieties were conducted to found the best sowing density.

  Effect of Amino Acid Compound Microelement Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane and Soil Available Microelement 2011, 27 (27):  215-219.  Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 1414739KB )   ( 1051 ) The experiment was conducted to study the effects of amino acid compound microelement fertilizer on sugar cane yield, quality and soil residual available trace elements. Applied 500-fold dilution of amino acid compound microelement fertilizer to dress and soak sugarcane seed set. At the same time, foliar spraying and furrowing 500-fold dilution of amino acid compound microelement fertilizer in sugarcane vegetative growth phase comparing with to spraying water. The results showed as follows: amino acid compound microelement fertilizer had promoted the growth of sugarcane. Sugarcane emergence rate and ratio of tiller was significantly higher than control treatment. Amino acid compound microelement fertilizer was significantly increased the sugarcane yield and sugar yield. Spraying and furrowing application fertilizer of sugarcane yield was increased by 19.3% and 8.5%, respectively. Sugar yield was increased by 14.9% and 10.6%, respectively. Furthermore, soil available Mn, Zn and B was improved to meet sugarcane requirements when amino acid compound microelement fertilizer had applied.

  The Study on the Optimization Models of High-yield and Low Consumption Fertilization for Bupeurum chinense DC. in Semi-arid Region of the Loess Plateau 2011, 27 (27):  220-225.  Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 1762036KB )   ( 942 ) In order to found the large-yield and low-consumption fertilization program to Bupeurum chinense DC in semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, the mathematical model of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application code on root yield a of Bupeurum chinense DC. was established based on field experiment using second universal rotary combination design, in semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the order of the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield improvement was phosphorus>potassium>nitrogen. Nitrogen and phosphorus had optimal fertilization amounts within the scope of experiment while potassium was not. And the fertilizer interaction effects were existed. There was great interaction between phosphoru and potassium, high root yield which up to 700 kg/hm2 occurred in high phosphorus and potassium conditions. Optimization results showed that under these conditions which economic outputs was above 600 kg/hm2, net income was above 22500 yuan/hm2 , and 95%confidence region, the optimal fertilization amounts was: N 150.90-209.14 kg/hm2; P 753.38-933.05 kg/hm2; K 190.96-255.62 kg/hm2. Application quality of nitrogenous, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are closely related with yield of Bupeurum chinense DC. It should be used high potassium to reach high root yield.

  Effects of Various Planting Densities on Dynamic Growth Rhythm and Yield and Quality of Liriope muscari (Decne) Baily 2011, 27 (27):  226-230.  Abstract + ( 1143 )   PDF ( 1521631KB )   ( 871 ) According to the study on effects of cultivating density on dynamic growth rhythm ,yield and quality，to provide a scientific basis for standardized eultivating measures. The experimental plots were randomly devided. The biomass of leaf and root were regularly collected and measured.The yield and polysaccharide content were also determined after harvesting. The growing and developing rule of aerial part of L. muscari (Decne) Baily was similar among different planting densities. Its tendency was described as “ascending, then descending, then slowly ascending”. While, the tillering tendency was described as “fast, then slow”. The aerial and underground parts of L. muscari (Decne) Baily, which was planted in low density, grew and developed better. The effect of planting density on the yield of L. muscari (Decne) Baily was significant,but on the polysaccharide was very little. The planting density played an important role in the yields of L. muscari (Decne) Baily. The optimum planting density was 6 plants of each clump, and 330000 clumps/hm2.

  Effect of Different Factors of Saline Alkali Soil Stress on Yield of Fresh Feed Triticale 2011, 27 (27):  231-234.  Abstract + ( 1125 )   PDF ( 1435486KB )   ( 865 ) Soil salinity reduces the triticale biomass, research slightly salinization of land different factors on the yield of forage triticale, of saline on the cultivation of high yield and quality forage triticale provide a theoretical basis. Using four factors and three-level orthogonal design method, research the effects of different planting densities (B), the amount of base fertilizer (C), the amount of fertilizer (D) to affect three excellent forage triticale (Triticum secale) varieties(Strain)(A): ‘Hashi209’, ‘Hashi0442’, ‘Hashi0447’ yield of fresh grass, and analysis of the results of different combinations of fresh yield. Fresh yield of triticale density significantly affected , and between different densities significantly different, the other three factors had no significant impact on yield , various factors on the fresh yield of triticale were the degree of influence: Planting density>Variety>The amount of base fertilizer> the amount of fertilizer. In the test condition, suitable varieties for the ‘Hashi209’, seeding rate of 300 kg/hm2, use composite base fertilizer 300 kg/hm2, after cutting add tol urea fertilizer 75 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Astragalus Membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge 2011, 27 (27):  235-238.  Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 1303137KB )   ( 819 ) The aim was to investigate the effect of fertilizer rate of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) on the growth, yield and quality of A. membranaceus in the mountain Taishan. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge was selected as the experimental material, the effect of fertilizer rate of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) on the growth, yield and quality of A. membranaceus in the mountain Taishan, were studied under field experiment. Compared with the traditional chemical fertilizer (NPK), CRFs with the equivalence nutrient content of NPK had different effects on the height of different period of growth. Remarkably, CRFs had more important effect in the middle period of growth than that of NPK. Stem diameters of A. membranaceus of CRF1, CRF2, and CRF3 were increased by 31.00%, 31.48% and 27.27% than that of traditional chemical fertilizer at the harvest time, respectively. The effect on the root cap ratio was as following: CRF1>CRF2>CK>CRF3. The contents of polysaccharide of CRF1, CRF2, and CRF3 were 1.65, 1.55 and 1.54 times than that of CK, respectively. The application of CRF could significantly improve the agronomic characteristics; increase the yield and the content of polysaccharide of A. membranaceus.

  Extraction of Genomic DNA and Optimization of RAPD Reaction of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin 2011, 27 (27):  239-244.  Abstract + ( 1344 )   PDF ( 1852032KB )   ( 963 ) The purpose of this study was to obtain the best method for extracting genomic DNA from Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin and to establish the best reaction condition of the RAPD amplification system. The high quality genomic DNA of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin could be obtained from young leaves by the improved CTAB method. Some reaction conditions of PCR for RAPD were optimized by setting the gradient with template DNA concentration, primer concentration, dNTPs concentration, Taq DNA Polymerase concentration and Mg2+ concentration through a single factor experiment. And the optimized reaction system and program of RAPD were as follows. The reactions were performed in a volume of 20 μL, which containing 30 ng DNA template、1.75U Taq DNA polymerase、0.25 mmol/ L dNTPs、2.0 mmol/L Mg2+、0.5 μmoL/L random primer、2.0 μL 10×PCR Buffer. The RAPD reaction was programmed by 1 cycle for 5 min at 94℃,followed by 45cycles for 30 s at 94℃,30 s at 37℃, and 70 s at 72℃and finally, followed by 1 cycle for 10 min at 72℃. The reaction system was reproducible and highly reliable, and it could be effectively for RAPD analysis in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin.

  The Study of Phosphate Solubilization Mechanism of Enterobacter aerogenes PSB28 2011, 27 (27):  245-249.  Abstract + ( 1108 )   PDF ( 1494735KB )   ( 932 ) Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) plays an important role in improving soil fertility and soil health by converting insoluble P forms to soluble forms accessible by plants, and it is necessary to know phosphate solubilization mechanism in order to apply. This study assessed the phosphate solubilizing ability of a high efficiency PSB strain, PSB28, and investigated the mechanism of phosphate solubilization by comparing growth conditions inoculated in medium Ca3(PO4)2 as the sole phosphorus source with K2HPO4 as the sole phosphorus source. The results showed that in the medium with Ca3(PO4)2, logarithmic phase was longer, but the maximum concentration of biomass was larger. pH showed decreasing gradually, which was higher than that of K2HPO4 as the sole phosphorus source. HPLC results showed both the sorts and the quantity of organic acids in Ca3(PO4)2 medium were complicated than that of K2HPO4 medium. The activity of acid phosphatase was a little higher. All the results suggested that organic acids excretion by PSB28 might be the main reason and acid phosphatase had an indirect effect on P solubilization.

  Karyotype Analysis of Three Species of Salvia L. 2011, 27 (27):  250-254.  Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 2218669KB )   ( 839 ) The aim was to investigate the genetic relationship between a new introduced germplasm(Salvia hispanica L.) and other two common members of Salvia L. family ( Salvia splendens Ker-Gawler and Salvia farinacea), and provide the theoretic foundation for distant hybridization and genetic improvement in these three germplasms. In cytogenetics level, karyotypes of Salvia hispanica L., Salvia splendens Ker-Gawler and Salvia farinacea were discussed in this paper. The results showed that chromosome number of normal diploid of Salvia hispanica L. was 2n=12, karyotype formula was 2n=12=2m+2sm+8st, the AS.K% was 74.9%, which belong to “3A” type; chromosome number of normal diploid of Salvia splendens Ker-Gawler. was 2n=44, karyotype formula was 2n=34m+2sm+8st, the AS.K% was 62.4%, which belong to “2A” type; and chromosome number of normal diploid of Salvia farinacea. was 2n=18, karyotype formula was 2n=12m+6sm, AS.K% was 59.0%, which belong to “2A” type. Through the karyotype analysis, there were great differences of chromosomes between Salvia hispanica L., Salvia splendens Ker-Gawler and Salvia farinacea, thus these three members of Salvia L. family had a distant relationship.

  Establishment of Natural Rice Blast Nursery and Resistance Evaluation of Rice Lines in Cenxi, Guangxi Province 2011, 27 (27):  255-259.  Abstract + ( 1221 )   PDF ( 1416138KB )   ( 754 ) Rice blast is one of major diseases in rice production in Guangxi. In order to identify the resistance or susceptibility of new varieties and select some resistant breeding materials, natural nursery was established in Cenxi. New rice varieties which provided by national rice regional trial, Guangxi rice regional trial and some breeding materials were tested in Cenxi nursery. The results showed that, there was no variety resistant to rice blast in 1171 new varieties, only few varieties were moderate resistant to rice blast, most of them were susceptible or highly susceptible. There were 82 lines highly resistant in 11236 breeding lines, 473 lines were resistant and 987 lines were moderate resistant. Some resistant materials were selected and applied for breeding program. Natural nursery was not only applied for monitoring the resistance of popular varieties, but also used as resistant breeding base.

  Evaluation of Rice Varieties Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Southwest Parts of China 2011, 27 (27):  260-264.  Abstract + ( 1324 )   PDF ( 1490804KB )   ( 873 ) In order to clarify the resistance spectrum of different rice varieties to bacterial leaf blight (BLB), promote direct utilization of resistant varieties, 9 Xoo race representative strains were selected to identify the resistance of 267 rice varieties against bacterial blight by clipping inoculation in 2008 and 2009, which were currently in use or will released in the near future in Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province and Sichuan Province. C5, C7, C8, C9 are the Xoo dominant races in the Southwest of China, only rice varieties in Yunnan Province were resistant to C8 strain of race, accounting for 10.11% of the all tested varieties. By analyzing pathogenicity of the different Xoo races indicated that the C8 was the strongest virulence Xoo, the average length of the disease spot was 23.7±8.3 cm .The results also indicated that high quality rice cultivars such as Hongyou series and ‘Diantun502’ etc showed BB resistance against almost the Southwest dominant Xoo races.

  The Screening, Identification and Characterization of High-efficiency Organophosphorus-degrading Fungis 2011, 27 (27):  265-271.  Abstract + ( 1168 )   PDF ( 2474643KB )   ( 813 ) The aim was to isolate and screen the high-efficiency and broad-spectrum biodegradating fungis from the contaminated soil to a high concentration of omethoate, and studied the degradation characterizations. In this study, high-efficiency organophosphorus-degrading fungis were selected through domestication, separation, screening process. They were preliminaryly identified by a series of fungi colony morphological, physiological characteristics and 18s rDNA sequences and other tests. The effects of external factors such as initial pH, culture temperature, initial omethoate concentration on growth and omethoate-degradation of strains were studied. Two strains J4 and J6 were screened and identified as Aspergillus niger. Under the conditions of culture time 5 days, initial omethoate concentration 1000 mg/L, initial pH 6.0 and 6.5 respectively, temperature 30℃ and 28℃, shaking speed 160 r/min, the strains could grow best and have the highest biodegradation rates of 77.83% and 70.81%. And the growth of the strains related positively to the biodegradation rate of omethoate. And it should also be noted that Aspergillus J4 and J6 still had characteristic of broad-spectrum degradation organophosphorus pesticides.

  Molecular Identification and Biological Characteristics of Endophytic HND5 2011, 27 (27):  272-276.  Abstract + ( 1120 )   PDF ( 1554373KB )   ( 903 ) HND5 is an endophytic fungi and had antagonistic activity on varieties of pathogenic fungi, so it had application potential for biocontrol. Sequences analysis of ribosomal DNA and β-tubulin internal transcribed spacer region show HND5 had the highest homologous with Acremonium strictum. Biological characteristics research showed the optimum medium was PDA, the optimum temperature was 28℃, and the optimum pH was 7. The optimum carbon and nitrogen source were cane sugar and NaNO3, respectively. HND5 had the tolerance for potassium dichromate.

  Effects of Avirulent Ralstonia solanacearum Strain on Protective Enzymes System in Tomato 2011, 27 (27):  277-281.  Abstract + ( 1166 )   PDF ( 1442732KB )   ( 867 ) In order to study the effect of avirulent Ralstonia solanacearum strain FJAT-1458 on protective enzyme system of tomato, strain FJAT-1458 was inoculated into tomato plant as an exogenous microorganism. The tomato plants were sampled at different days after the inoculation for determination of plant height, root length and dry weight as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) at different plant organs (root, stem and leaf). The results showed that the root length and dry weight and the plant height of tomato were not obviously affected by strain FJAT-1458(P>0.05), but the activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly affected. The total activities of POD, PPO and SOD at different parts of tomato plant in treatment were significantly higher than in control. Moreover, the activity dynamics of POD, PPO and SOD were also significantly different between treatment and control. It was concluded that the inoculation of the avirulent R. solanacearum strain FJAT-1458 might improve the resistance of plant against the invasion of pathogen.

  Antifungal activity of griseofulvin against Fusarium oxysporum, pathogen of crop Fusarium wilt disease 2011, 27 (27):  282-287.  Abstract + ( 1413 )   PDF ( 2922151KB )   ( 904 ) Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】The antifungal activities of greseofulvin The antifungal activities of greseofulvin against ten isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, pathogen of crop Fusarium wilt disease were investigated with an aim to extend the application of griseofulvin for controlling the disease. The antifungal activities were determined in a set of inhibition ratio and inhibition ring tests with the ten isolations of F. oxysporum as indicators, which were isolated from oriental melon, cucumber, water melon, pepper and tomato. The effect of griseofulvin on the growth of the isolations was observed under microscopes. The results revealed that the ten isolations presented significantly different but high sensibility to griseofulvin. The half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of greseofulvin against the fungi were calculated as 0.42-2.81 mM. Treated with 4 mM griseofulvin, F. oxysporum was found to be induced degenerative changes of hyphal morphology. The study indicated that griseofulvin may be a new promising biological agent or a lead compound for novel antifungal agent for controlling Fusarium wilt disease.

  Screening of Antagonistic Strain KJ-1 to the Pathogen of Asparagus Stem Blight and its Effects on Soil Microbe Populations 2011, 27 (27):  288-293.  Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 1667840KB )   ( 850 ) The aim was to study the biological control of asparagus stem blight. In this paper, one antagonistic strain was isolated from the greenhouse soil of asparagus planted which was identified as Bacillus cereus by morphological properties, culture characteristics, physic-chemical indexes and molecular analyses. Strain KJ-1 could strong inhibit the mycelia growth of asparagus stem blight and the inhibition rate reached 65% when the fermentation was diluted (1:4). Fermentation of KJ-1 was applied into greenhouse soil of asparagus, which increased the number of soil microbe that was 1.38 times than CK, the numbers of bacteria and fungi all were 1.52 times than CK, ratio of B/F was increased slightly. The microbe diversity of metabolic group was also changed, AWCD and species richness (S) were all higher than those of CK, and the diversity of AWCD between test and CK was significant (P<0.01). It indicated that fermentation of KJ-1 enhanced the number and biodiversity of microorganism in greenhouse soil of asparagus planted.

  The Study of Hydrolyzation of Pyrazole Nitrification Inhibitors in Soil Based on Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra 2011, 27 (27):  294-298.  Abstract + ( 1130 )   PDF ( 2002346KB )   ( 806 ) In order to study the translation process of pyrazole nitrification inhibitors in different forms applied in soil, based on the determination of ultraviolet absorption spectra of 3-methylpyrazole (MP) and it derivations, the authro studied the hydrolyzation of 1-carboxamide-3-methylpyrazole (CMP), 1-hydroxymethyl-3-methylpyrazole (HMP) and 3-methylpyrazole phosphate (MPP) in soil, respectively. The results showed that three nitrification inhibitors CMP, HMP and MPP, would hydrolyzed to MP when applied to soil. The neutralization and introduction of carboxamide or hydroxymethyl would unchanged the effect of MP, but only changed the form and physical characteristics. The microorganism and enzyme in soil which catalyzed hydrolyzation of C—N might increase the hydrolyzation.

  Detection on the Resistance of Aphis gossypii Glover to Insecticide in the Manas River Basin of Xinjiang 2011, 27 (27):  299-302.  Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 1464635KB )   ( 819 ) To study the resistance status of aphid from the Manas River, the resistance of Aphis gossypii collected from five locations of Manas River Basin, including 122 farm, 143 farm, 145 farm,147 farm, Xinhu farm to imidacloprid, pymetrozine, abamectin, beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin were determined for the dipping method recommended by FAO. The results indicated that the resistance of aphid populations from the Manas River basin to beta-cypermethrin was 4.54-9.04 fold, to lambda-cyhalothrin was 8.56-9.07 fold, to imidacloprid was 2.32~3.6 fold, to pymetrozine was1.37-1.57 fold, to abamectin was 1.12-1.31.The use of pyrethroid pesticides to control aphid may accelerate the development of resistance.

  Studies on specific antimicrobial effect in vitro caused by antibody of E.hermannii 2011, 27 (27):  303-307.  Abstract + ( 1278 )   PDF ( 2793063KB )   ( 722 ) To study the specific antimicrobial effect in vitro caused by antibody of E.hemannii. The polyclonal rabbit antibody against E.hermannii was prepared and puried with Protein Gresin subsequently. Scanning electron microscope and nutrient agar media were used to evaluate the mixture of puried antibody and E.hermannii at different time points. Twenty Balb/c rats infected by E.hermannii through wound on their backs were used to evaluate the therapy effect of the prepared antibody of E.hermannii. The result showed that E.hermannii began to lyse at 20 minutes and was disintegrated completely at 80 minutes. In addition, there was no alive E.hermannii growed on nutrient agars where the mixture was plated. Infection assay against rats showed that the recovery time of infected rats which were treated by prepared antibody was shorter than those of without antibody introduced. Prepared polyclonal antibody against E.hermannii could be used as one of immune therapy methods for clinical cases caused by E.hermannii.

  Effects of Root-knot Nematodes on the Related Characters of Water Potential in the Root and Shoot of Cucumber Plant 2011, 27 (27):  308-311.  Abstract + ( 1288 )   PDF ( 1453541KB )   ( 713 ) To explore the reasons of cucumber plant infected with root-knot nematodes (RKNs), the effects of RKNs on the related characters of water potentials in the root and shoot of cucumber plant were studied through artificial inoculation. The results showed that, after RKNs infection, water potential in the root and shoot as well as shoot diameter of cucumber plant decreased. Soluble protein content in the root and shoot, as well as soluble sugar content in the shoot all rose significantly when inoculation rate was 6000 eggs per plant. Root activities increased slightly when the inoculation rate was 2000 eggs per plant, and then it reduced gradually with increased inoculation rate. Water potential in the shoot was significantly correlated with only root activities and shoot diameter. In contrast, significant correlations between water potential in the root and all the other indexes except for soluble sugar in the root were observed. Decrease in root activities and shoot diameter and excessive osmotic regulation in the root were the main reasons for water deficit in the root and shoot of cucumber plant infected with RKNs.

  Analysis of Relationship Between Meteorological Condition and the Occurrence and Development of the Third Generation of Cotton Bollworm in Shandong Province 2011, 27 (27):  312-316.  Abstract + ( 926 )   PDF ( 1475597KB )   ( 702 ) To research the relationship between meteorological condition and the third generation of cotton bollworm. Based on the amount of average eggs of the third generation of cotton bollworm, the damage area of cotton and "Penghua" the related meteorological conditions in Shandong Province were from 1969 to 2005. The results showed the change of meteorological condition has obvious influence for the third generation of cotton bollworm, especially in the highest air temperature and average relative humidity. The damage area of cotton was negative correlation with the highest air temperature of June and correlation with average relative humidity of the late of May. The amount of average eggs of the third generation of cotton bollworm was correlation with the highest air temperature of the beginning of July.