Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.26 Published:15 October 2011

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  The Genetic Improvement and analysis by DHI of the Dairy cattle in the Northwest District 2011, 27 (26):  1-6.  Abstract + ( 1034 )   PDF ( 1588475KB )   ( 874 ) This article researches the present agricultural areas in the northwest five provinces on the present situation of China dairy industry development, and collects related data of genetic improvement and production performance measurement, which are statisticed and analyzed. Discussing the existing problems of genetic improvement in the northwest five provinces, so we can conclude that DHI measurement system are significant to the cattle breeding production and management, and propose several advices to improve and perfect the genetic improvement and DHI measurement system, and we also provide some value information for further speeding up of the dairy improvement in the farming areas of northwest five provinces.

  Effect of Cultured Time on Parthenogenetic Development of Bovine Oocytes in Vitro 2011, 27 (26):  7-10.  Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 1553236KB )   ( 945 ) In order to discuss the effect of cultured time on parthenogenetic development of bovine oocytes in vitro, the study was designed on the basis of previous studies, by comparing the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of three different groups of parthenogenetic embryos, so as to determine the existence of differences of parthenogenetic embryo developmental capability under different cultured time in vitro. The results showed that the cleavage rate was not significantly different among three groups under different cultured time in vitro, and the cleavage rate of oocytes under 22h cultured time in vitro was slightly higher than that of 18.5h and 25.5h. The blastocyst rate was significantly different among three groups, in which the group of oocytes under 22h cultured time in vitro was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. The results indicated that different cultured time in vitro did affect the development of parthenogenetic embryos differently. It would bring adverse effects on the development capability of parthenogenetic embryos if the cultured time was too long or too short.

  Polymorphism Study of RBP4 Gene in Henan Landrance Sheep Breeds 2011, 27 (26):  11-14.  Abstract + ( 1053 )   PDF ( 1860863KB )   ( 1239 ) The polymorphism of RBP4 gene in fat-tailed sheep and small tailed han sheep was studied by PCR-SSCP method to explore the influnce of this gene on fecundity of henan landrance sheep breeds. The results showed that: Two genotypes of RBP4 including BB and AB were detected, while only AA genotype was not detected. Frequency of BB genotype, AB genotype in small tailed han sheep and fat-tailed sheep were 0.840 and 0.587, 0.160 and 0.416 respectively. A allele frequency and B allele frequency in small tailed han sheep and fat-tailed sheep were 0.080 and 0.209, 0.920 and 0.791 respectively. This study provide reference for exploring high fecundity mechism of Henan landrance sheep breeds at molecular level.

  Studies on effect of cryopreservating of Inner Mongolian White Cashmere Goat semen after Removal of Seminal Plasma with different centrifugation speed 2011, 27 (26):  15-19.  Abstract + ( 1099 )   PDF ( 1969273KB )   ( 892 ) Seven normally matured Inner Mongolian White Cashmere Goat’ semens being removed seminal plasma by centrifugation were cryopreservated.The result from the sperms being removed seminal plasma by centrifugation at 750rpm/min once or twice indicates that the rate of plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity is apperently higher than the control group（P＜0.05）. Acrosome intact integrity rates of cryopreservated sperm in 750rpm/min once group is apperently higher than that of 750rpm/min twice group .The rate of the motility，acrosome integrity of the rates, mitochondrial activity of seminal plasma being removed by centrifugation at 1500rpm/min once is obviously lower than that of the other groups（P＜0.05）. There is no signicant difference in the rate of sperm motility after thawing and the control group.The fact that the higher speed of the centrifugation would give rise to mechanical damage can account for all these.

  Isolation and Cultivation of Bovine Trophoblastic Stem-like cell lines 2011, 27 (26):  20-24.  Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 1796959KB )   ( 1566 ) The study aimed to investigate the proper conditions and influential factors in order to best establish a trophoblastic stem-like cell line, derived from in vitro matured and fertilized blastocysts. The cells were cultured on collagen coated wells using fetal bovine fibroblast-conditioned medium with an adjustable culture system used to investigate the effect on cell growth. We found the the DMEM/F12 medium was mixed with fetal bovine fibroblast-conditioned medium at a dilution of 1:1 and supplemented with FBS, Heparin and β-mercaptoethanol was the best culture medium.

  Effects of Grazing on Soil Moisture and Bulk and Underground Biomass 2011, 27 (26):  25-29.  Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 1662316KB )   ( 1503 ) Abstract: Studied on change of soil moisture, soil bulk and underground biomass under different grazing press in southeast of Yunnan. The results indicate: (1)Grazing affected on soil moisture and soil bulk of the top soil(0-5cm), the soil moisture of surface decreased as grazing pressure increased, soil bulk density, soil bulk was maximum under GPI0.76 and soil bulk was less volature under GPI0.57, this showed that moderate grazing be advantageous to stable soil structure; (2)Underground biomass of grassland vegetation mainly in 0-10cm soil, accounting for 0-30cm soil layer of 64-74%, underground biomass decreased as grazing press increased.

  Root Morphological Characteristics of Alfalfa in the Sowing Year 2011, 27 (26):  30-34.  Abstract + ( 954 )   PDF ( 1605611KB )   ( 847 ) The root morphological characteristics of 18 alfalfa varieties were researched, the results showed that: root morphological indexes were significantly different among alfalfa varieties. Using the 10 morphological indexes of root system, 18 varieties could be clustered into 4 groups through clustering analysis. It is suggested alfalfa varieties selection could be based on larger crown diameter and lateral root diameter, deeper crown depth, long taproot length, developed lateral root.

  The Enzymes Assay Of The Fermentation Of CHE Feed On Line 2011, 27 (26):  35-38.  Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 1658764KB )   ( 918 ) Amylase (including α-amylase and β-amylase) is the one of the most important enzymes in the feed compound enzymes. In this paper，α-amylase and amylase of the CHE feed were extracted and the assay of their activity were carried out. The results showed that optimum temperature of α-amylase was 52 ℃and the maximum of alkaline protease was 5.6352ug / min and β-amylase was 45 ℃and the maximum of alkaline protease was 1.0931 ug / min.

  Associations between length polymorphism in intron 7 of GR gene and fat traits of pigs 2011, 27 (26):  39-42.  Abstract + ( 1086 )   PDF ( 1726303KB )   ( 1003 ) The length polymorphism of intron 7 in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene was detected by PCR. A length polymorphic segment in intron 7 is common in all detected groups. Alleles detected in the sequence were allele A and B with frequencies of 0.2286/0.7714 and 0.2008/0.7992 in the two populations, respectively. This polymorphic segment of GR gene was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＞0.05) in the two populations, respectively. The effects of the length polymorphic segment on fat traits in pigs were estimated using a mixed model．Significant associations were found between different genotypes of intron 7 in glucocorticoid receptor with intamuscular fat, backfat thickness of shoulder, waist, 6-7 ribs and the leaf fat weight (P＜0.05). which indicated that the length polymorphism had certain effect on porcine fat storage.

  Application of Embryo Transfer on Reproduction of German Simmental Core 2011, 27 (26):  43-46.  Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 1433746KB )   ( 1072 ) Thirteen German Simmental donor cows for 4 times repeated superovulation, 654 embryos were obtained (the average number of embryos per cow was 50.31), and the available embryo was 335 (the average number of embryos per cow was 25.77). The result of donors were flushed repeatedly for four times showed the average recovery of embryos, transferable embryos had no significantly different (P>0.05).278 recipients were transplanted (115 use fresh embryo,118 use frozen embryo, 45 use pairs of demi-embryos) followed by pregnancy rate of 55.04% (135/278), total of 137 calves. Both pairs of demi-embryos and fresh embryos transfer pregnancy rate were significantly higher than that of frozen embryos (64.44%, 60.87% vs 45.76%) (P<0.05).45 fresh Pairs of demi-embryos were transferred to 45 recipients, 29 were pregnant, among them, there were 11 identica1 twins with twin rate of 37.93% (11/29), 29 calves survived.

  Application of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR on swine virus disease diagnosis 2011, 27 (26):  47-51.  Abstract + ( 1418 )   PDF ( 1315637KB )   ( 1523 ) Abstract: The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology combines the traditional PCR and spectroscopy’s advantages; it is more sensitive, rapid and specific. It can detect the changes of fluorescencesignal in the process of PCR to obtain quantitative results. It’s molecular biology diagnostic techniques widely used in animal disease detections because of it’s specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility, quantity, rapid and capping. In this paper, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology on diagnosis of swine virus disease was reviewed.

  Bioformatic analysis of CD169 Gene and Its Protein Property and Structure 2011, 27 (26):  52-59.  Abstract + ( 1304 )   PDF ( 2197780KB )   ( 1079 ) Abstract: Objective: This research aimed to analyze the structure and characters of CD169 and to find the special property of pig CD169 compared to other animals. Method：CD169 gene and protein sequence were analyzed and predicted by using related bioinformatics software and comparative genomics methods. Result: The results showed that there is a high similarity of CD169 between swine and boss, and that porcine CD169 may contain signal peptide. It is predicted to contain phosphorylation sites and glycosylation sites, holding the coiled coil structure Conclusion: The research of CD169 protein will be very helpful to understand the function of CD169 as PRRSV receptor, and lay a foundation for studying the species-specific or tropism for PRRSV infection.

  Effect of Rescued Mutant CIAV on the Host Cell Cycle and Apoptosis 2011, 27 (26):  60-64.  Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 2043116KB )   ( 1003 ) objective: To observe the effect of rescued mutant CIAV on the host cell cycle and apoptosis of MDCC-MSB1 through flow cytometry. Methods: MDCC-MSB1 was inoculated with rescued mutant CIAV M strain after 24 hours or 48 hours, while the negative control and the positive control were established. Cell cycle phase and apoptosis of MSB1 was detected by flow cytometry(FCM) with PI staining and FITC Annexin V staining. The acquirement was analysis by SPSS 13.0. Results: The percentage of G0/G1 phase of MDCC-MSB1 cultured with rescued mutant CIAV M strain was 59.33%±4.04%，the percentage of S phase was 32.92%±3.65% and that of G2/M phase was 7.75%±3.11%. The percentage of G0/G1 phase of the test group was larger than that of the negative control, in contrast to the positive control, however the differences were not markable(P>0.05). The apoptosis rate of MDCC-MSB1 cultured with rescued mutant CIAV M strain was 37.00% ± 4.65%, higher than that of negative control, while lower than the positive group, and the differences were significant(P <0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the inhibition of the host cell cycle by rescued mutant CIAV M strain was not noticeable. The apoptosis of the host cell induced by vp3 gene mutation of CIAV was obvious. The consequence intimated that the vp3 gene mutation of CIAV reserved some characteristics of the virus pathogenicity, which can cause the lower apoptosis rate of cells compared to that of CUX-1, and the fundament theory was established through this study.

  Comparison of the Immune Antibody after Immunized with Different ND-IB-IBD- Reo Combined inactivated Vaccines in Breeder 2011, 27 (26):  65-68.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 1583894KB )   ( 990 ) To detect the differences of antibody level in breeders immunized by two different ND-IB-IBD-Reo combined inactivated vaccines before laying, two chicken flocks were inoculated with A and B vaccine respectively at the age of 20 weeks. At 28 d and 56 d after immunization the HI antibody of ND was detected by HI test and antibodies of IB, IBD and Reo were detected by ELISA. The results showed that at 28 d and 56 d after immunization the antibody titers of IBD and Reo in group immunized with B vaccine were significantly higher than those of IBD and Reo in group immunized with A vaccine(P﹤0.05). The antibody titers of ND and IB in group B were higher compared with those of ND and IB in group A, but the difference were not significant(P﹥0.05).The research suggests that B vaccine is better than A vaccine based on antibody levels, and provides the foundation not only for the selection of ND-IB-IBD-Reo combined inactivated vaccine in breeder but also for the development of reasonable immunization programs.

  Effect of Soybean Isoflavones on the Distribution of LymphocyteIn Small Intestine Mucosal of ducks JIN Gauang-Ming 2011, 27 (26):  69-72.  Abstract + ( 1188 )   PDF ( 3131908KB )   ( 861 ) To study the effect of soybean isoflavones on the distribution of lymphocyte in small intestine mucosal of ducks. 200 KaJi-Cambel ducks were randomized into 2 groups, the control group and the experiment group. Each group has 100. The control was fed basal diet. Soybean isoflavones was supplemented in basal diets of experiment group by 0.04%. The experiment stage was 40 days. the experiment ducks were slaughtered at the end of experiments.The sample of small intestine of every group ducks were sampled. The samples were fixed in the Bouin liquid, produced the paraffin slice and H?E dyeing. The slice was observed and photograph under the microscope of OlympuCH-30. The result reveals that the intramucosal lymphocyte in small intestine of experiment group ducks were increased than the control group.Immune function of small intestine mucosal was promoted by the soybean isoflavones.

  Extraction Technology of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modified Pulsatilla’s effctive Parts by Orthogonal Design 2011, 27 (26):  73-78.  Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 1617024KB )   ( 1008 ) The aim was to screen the best extraction technology of complex prescription of traditional Chinese medicine Modified Pulsatilla’s effective parts. The extract yield of effective parts, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts to Escherichia coil and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of extracts to Escherichia coil were used as three indicators comprehensive evaluation. The appropriate concentration of solvent was screened by single factor test. The best extraction technology was screened by orthogonal design with four factors, which were solid-liquid ratio (A), extraction time(B), each time of extraction (C) and concentration of ethanol (D). The best method of extraction was reflux extraction. The best combination was A3B3C1D2, which means solid-liquid ratio was 1:10, extraction time was 3, each time of extraction half an hour at a time and concentration of ethanol was 60%. The rate of complex prescription extraction is about 24% with the optimum technology, both MIC and MBC to Escherichia coil were 15.625 mg(crude drug)/mL.

  Study on preparation technology of Eugenol liposome 2011, 27 (26):  79-82.  Abstract + ( 959 )   PDF ( 1890857KB )   ( 1026 ) Object: To prepare liposome of eugenol and evaluate its quality. Method: The orthogonal design was used to optimize the prescription and preparation technology of Eugenol liposome. The liposome of Eugenol was prepared with the film dispersion-supersonic method. The result of preparation was evaluated with the encapsulation rate which it was determined by UV spectrophotometry after extraction from Eugenol liposome. The appearances and the particle diameter of Eugenol liposome were examined with transmission electron microscopy. Results: The optimum prescription and preparation of Eugenol liposome were 1:6 (proportion of Cholesterin to Phosphatidylcholine), 1:5 (proportion of eugenol to Phosphatidylcholine), 40 min (ultrasonic time). The encapsulation rate of Eugenol liposome was 88.3%±3%. The particle diameter of Eugenol liposome was about 200nm and its appearance was uniformity globular vesicle.

  Genetic Structure of Patinopecten yessoensis with different shell colours and Correlation of Microsatellite Markers with Growth Traits 2011, 27 (26):  83-91.  Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 2336508KB )   ( 1151 ) Abstract: The ordinary Patinopecten yessoensis (control groups) and "Ivory" strains of Patinopecten yessoensis F2 cultured in Dalian Ocean University, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Agriculture since from 2007 were cultured to adults in Zhang Zidao sea (9-month-old, 60 samples respectively) and used in this experiment, the genetic structure of the two groups were analysed using 22 polymorphic microsatellites markers. The value of He, Na, Ne and, PIC showed that the genetic diversity of the two groups were high and there was no significant difference in genetic structure between the two groups. The band A at locus 8 appeared in most individuals of brown scallops, but it disappeared completely with no amplification in "Ivory" scallops; it is suggested that this band A is possibly the negative genetic marker in white scallops. The SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the effect of these 23 microsatellites on growth traits. Results indicated that locus HLJX 109, HLJX 178 and HLJX 139 had a significant impact (P<0.05 or P<0.01) on body weight; locus 8, HLJX 191 and HLJX 139 had a significant impact (P<0.05 or P<0.01) on shell length and shell height. This search is working on the relationship between Patinopecten yessoensis’s microsatellites markers and with different shell colours and growth traits in order to provide data for further study on Patinopecten yessoensis’s QTL locations and provide theoretical guidance for Patinopecten yessoensis’s cultivation and breeding.

  Study on Catch Composition and Diversity Seasonal Change of Set Net in Changshu Section of the Yangtze River 2011, 27 (26):  92-96.  Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 1667338KB )   ( 851 ) base on the catch data of set net in 2010, study on fish composition and seasonal change of diversity was carried out in Changshu section of the Yangtze River. Fishes of 12 orders, 25 families and 60 species were collected in this area. Number of species belonging to Cypriniformes was the most and the second was fishes belonging to Perciformes. In each season , dominant species was mainly common fishes but not seasonal species. There is a good equilibrium among species and species with high dominance have not be discovered. Dominance curve base on individual number revealed that there is no distinct difference among four seasons and Spring and Spring almost had the same dominance. According survey of four seasons, fish diversity index was 2.30-2.49,whih showed a higher diversity level. There is no distinct change in diversity index among four seasons. Influence of artificial releasing and water resources adjusting on the fish community was also discussed in this paper.

  Effects of Biofilm on Nutrients Diffusion Fluxes across the Water-sediment Interface in Spring 2011, 27 (26):  97-101.  Abstract + ( 1586 )   PDF ( 1710961KB )   ( 983 ) In order to clear the effects of food shortage on the degradation of tidal flats in the Daguhe estuary for benthic shellfish culture, sediment cores were sampled in this area in May of 2009. The effects of the biofilm on the diffusion of nutrients across the water-sediment interface were studied, during which the activeness of the biofilm was restrained by the mercury chloride. The sediments in the area were not only sources of the nutrients in the water body, but also sink of them. Except the sediment in the river way which was near the bay, the biofilm on the surface of sediments restrained the phosphate from diffusing to the water body. In the area, the biofilm on the surface of sediments restrained the ammonia from diffusing to the water body. Thus, it is not the shortage that leads the degradation of ecological function of the tidal flat of the Daguhe estuary.

  Isolation and Identification of bacterial pathogen from Procambarus clarkii 2011, 27 (26):  102-105.  Abstract + ( 1325 )   PDF ( 1423593KB )   ( 1047 ) One bacterial strain of Aeramonas hydrophila (N201007) was isolated from affected Procambarus clarkii in anji area Zhejiang Province during an outbreak in 2010. The isolate could induce symptom of natural disease in ornamental Procambarus clarkii and caused death in 8 days，The semi-lethal LD50 to Procambarus clarkii was 5.3×105. Biological characterization showed that isolate was similar to A. hydrophila isolated in other aquatic animal. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that the isolate shared more than 99 % identity with A. hydrophila. Based on morphological, biochemical and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate was identified as A. hydrophila. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed N201007 was hypersensitive to Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol, Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Rocephin.

  Effect of different models of cultured on yield of freshwater pearl and nitrogen phosphorus in tissues of Hyriopsis cumingi 2011, 27 (26):  106-109.  Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 1554393KB )   ( 847 ) To examine the effect of cultured models on growth and yield of freshwater pearl mussel, an enclosure experiment was carried out in Tongzhuanghe River. a natural water- body，in the Three Gorge Reservoir Region and in the aquiculture ponds Gongan Country，Hubei Province. At the start and end of the enclosure experiment, shell length, total weight of the pearl mussel was measured. The quality indexes TN, TP of the water body and Hyriopsis cumingii tissue was analyzed. The results showed that The quality indexes TN , TP of the water body had certain influence to the Hyriopsis cumingii growth，In the Hyriopsis cumingii tissue's TN, TP and in water environment's TN, TP didn't have the relevance. Used low density cultivation models cultured pearl in big water surface not only increases the economic efficiency, but also may use the primary productive forces in the water body fully.

  The application of potassium persulfate method in determination of total nitrogen in sediment beneath marine cages 2011, 27 (26):  110-113.  Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 1605474KB )   ( 929 )

  Effect of Nitric Oxide Treatment on Extending the Postharvest Life of Mangifera indica 2011, 27 (26):  114-118.  Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 1798343KB )   ( 980 ) In order to discuss a new preservation method with NO for Mangifera indica, using sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a nitric oxide (NO) donor, studied the effects of Mangifera indica L. ‘Tainong No.1’ with different concentrations of SNP treatments, the changes of external quality and postharvest physiology biochemical during storage period. The result showed that, the treatment of 10 μmol/L of SNP can effectively delayed the decrease in hardness, inhibit yellow rate of fruit, control weight loss, increase good fruit rate, lower disease index. The store life could extend by 3~4 days. The treatment of 640 μmol/L and 1280 μmol/L of SNP produced a significant toxicity for Mangifera indica, and demonstrated the trend that increased toxicity with increasing concentration. The SNP treatment could control the variety changes of internal and external indicators of mango, but there was a certain concentration range. Exceed this range, formed the toxic effects and toxic effects had a relationship with this concentration.

  Study on obesity prevention of Opuntia milpa Alta in Diet-induced Obese Rats 2011, 27 (26):  119-123.  Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 1605015KB )   ( 879 ) The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity function of Opuntia milpa Alta. Six weeks old Wista rats were divided into 12 groups, the black control group were received regular diet, while the other groups were received high fat high sucrose diet for 4 weeks. Food intake, body weight gain, body fat content, body fat index serum lipid level, liver weight were as the indicators. The results showed that Opuntia milpa Alta can inhibit appetite, control the body weight gain, reduce the body fat content and body fat index, and it can also decrease TG and increase HDL-C.

  Determinate and Analysis the Content of Vitamin E in Different Species 2011, 27 (26):  124-128.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 1758565KB )   ( 1255 ) In this study, the vitamin E content of the seeds of, including maize, soybean and rape were determinated by HPLC method, compared the vitamin E content among the three species and each of the varieties were compared. The results showed that the total vitamin E in the three crops compared rape>soybean>maize; The highest activity of α-tocopherol compared rape>maize>soybean. The total vitamin E and content of α-tocopherol in different varieties for each species comparison indicated that the changes between different varieties of maize the most, the total amount of VE and α-tocopherol content varied from 12.05-128.63 mg/100 g and between 0.93-52.01 mg/100 g, respectively. The data for the future of genetic engineering and breeding, provides a basis to buy cooking oil.

  Optimization of Processing for Twin-screw Extrusion Texturization of Soybean Meal Using Response Surface Method 2011, 27 (26):  129-136.  Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 3165366KB )   ( 1036 ) In order to optimize process and improve edibility of soybean, in this research, general rotary unitized design was used to study extrusion process with 4 factors: the screw speed (90-210 r/min), moisture content (30%-50%), addition of soy protein isolate (20-100 g/200 g meal) and temperature (135-155℃). And the response surface method was used to analyze those indexes reflecting product quality: texture, color, water-holding capacity, sensory evaluation including color, hardness, springiness and overall acceptability, then the optimum extrusion condition could be determined by superimposing the contour plots. The results showed that the optimum process was: moisture content 42.67%, temperature145℃, screw speed 104 r/min, addition of soy protein isolate 97 g/200 g meal. The optimization of parameter could offer theoretic direction for industrialization of the texturization of soybean meal.

  Research on Beverage Made of Suspended Context of Tremella fuciformis 2011, 27 (26):  137-143.  Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 1639291KB )   ( 1040 ) It was studied that optimized extraction process of Tremella fuciformis and Dictyophora echinovolvata, putting the amount of polysaccharide as a indicator, and the best extraction parameters were acquired, that were: time of extraction 3 h, temperature 90℃, ratio of material to water 1:100 for Tremella fuciformis; time of extraction 3 h, temperature 100℃, ratio of material to water 1:110 for Dictyophora echinovolvata. It was also studied that confecting process optimization of beverage made of suspended context of Tremella fuciformus, and the best parameters were obtained, that were: cane sugar 8.000 g/100mL, glucose 0.150 g/100mL, citric acid 0.100 g/100mL, salt 0.030 g/100mL. After removing the small ones through 45 mesh sieve, the Tremella fuciformis meat particles were then through 40 mesh sieve. And the particles last obtained below sieve were used for beverage confection. The parameters were: Tremella fuciformis context particles 0.300 g/100mL, cooking 20 min, xanthan gum 0.010 g/100mL and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 0.003 g/100mL as complex thickener. The acceptable test showed that the beverage had a good flavor and taste. And the results of immunological test used mice showed that the spleen index, thymus index, the phagocytic index of macrophage against chicken red blood cells were significantly increased, so the preliminary conclusion was that the beverage made of suspended context of Tremella fuciformis had the effect on enhancing immunity.

  The Quantitative Analysis of AFB1 by Using the Microsphere Array Technology and Indirect Competition Theory 2011, 27 (26):  144-150.  Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 1675866KB )   ( 1058 ) The method for quantitative analysis of AFB1 was established by using the microsphere array technology platform. Monoclonal anti-aflatoxin B1 was used in this study. Through optimizing the coupling antigen and determining critical saturated concentration of monoclonal anti-aflatoxin B1 as well as optimizing incubation time of antigen and antibody, the quantitative detection of AFB1 was established eventually. The results showed that, the yield of the coupled microballoon sphere was between 70.08%-80.80%, the best dosage of the coupling antigen was 100 μg. The median fluorescence intensity (MFI) detected by the same dosage of the coupling antigen and the identical concentration of the monoclonal anti-aflatoxin B1, increased along with the extending foster time and became stable finally. When the foster time was 24 h and 48 h, the MFI was the biggest with 2.0 ng/μL concentration of the monoclonal anti-aflatoxin B1. As referring to the international current standard of IC50, the standard curve showed that the detection sensitivity was 2.33 ng/mL (0.1165ng), the detection linear equation was y=0.0006x+0.0014, the cross reactivity rate of the monoclonal anti-aflatoxin B1 with AFB2, AFG1 and ZEN were 9.34%, 2.88% and<0.10%. The quantitative detection of AFB1 was established successfully in this study. The examination limitation of the standard curve was conformed to the China’s limitation standard of AFB1 in the food and feed. This method was suitable for the massive sample examination.

  Identification of pork and beef by near infrared spectroscopy 2011, 27 (26):  151-155.  Abstract + ( 1060 )   PDF ( 1503147KB )   ( 1018 ) This paper took identifying pork and beef by near infrared spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition techniques for purpose. A discriminant analysis model was established based on spread reflection Near-infrared spectroscopy. According to Multiplicative signal correction （MSC）、First derivative and Norris derivative filt to a smooth point ( (5,3) dealed with spectrum . Selecting spectra ranges of 5996.42～5805.84,9058.85～8546.36 cm-1 and adopting TQ Analyst software with Mahalanobis Distance was 1 to set up discriminatory analysis model . The result showed that the model can identify accurately between pork and beef . For this reason , the Near i infrared spectroscopy technology can be used to identify pork and beef .

  Study on the Process Condition of Preparing Calcium Propionate Using Eggshell by Zymotechnics qiu Xin 2011, 27 (26):  156-159.  Abstract + ( 1085 )   PDF ( 1572932KB )   ( 1291 ) In order to improve economic efficiency, recycled eggshell was used as raw materials to produce calcium propionate. In this study, propionic acid fermentation was carried through with the use of fibrous-bed bioreactor. Calcium was obtained at 35℃, 40 g/L glucose, fermentation 60 h. Take 5 g calcium oxide powder which was obtained by egg shells treated with crushed and calcined, and adding to 1 L fermentation liquor slowly. The reaction was processed 1 h at 35℃, and 8.56 g calcium propionate was obtained, the yield was 85.8%. This is an effective method, which has a satisfied yield.

  Effect of Ethanol Fermentation with Immobilized Yeast on Energy Beet 2011, 27 (26):  160-162.  Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 1601709KB )   ( 938 ) In order to improve the utilization of yeast cells and reduce the other bacterial contamination, immobilized yeasts were used to ferment continuously. In this study, alginate was used as the embedding medium for immobilized yeast ADY. The results showed that: when the added immobilized ADY amount was 15%, the ethanol conversion rate was the highest, and in the other levels, they were declined. The fermentation result of immobilized yeast ADY was superior to that of the same free, and the test difference reached significant level. Therefore, the test effect by use of embedding method to immobilized yeast was better, and the fermentation tests could be done multi-batch continuously.

  Discussion on the Brand Positioning Model of Modern Egg Enterprises——Case Study of Chia Tai Eggs 2011, 27 (26):  163-168.  Abstract + ( 1034 )   PDF ( 1873540KB )   ( 951 ) This article elaborates the meaning of the modern egg enterprises from the perspective of the whole industrial chain. Based on the existing theories of brand positioning at home and abroad and combined with the current modern egg enterprises’ brand positioning and challenges, we come up with the modern egg enterprises’ brand positioning model, and then with it discuss the brand positioning strategies of the modern egg enterprises in future, that is, adjusting the marketing strategies and establishing a long-term brand positioning program; subdividing the minds of consumers and satisfying a higher level of consumers’ needs; establishing a dynamic competition reference set and expanding the common points of competition in a reasonable way; expanding communication and enhancing brand association with the help of combining the whole industry chain and experience marketing; deepening the brand essence, regulating employees’ behavior and guiding the direction of enterprises’ development.

  The researches of green price based on green value chain 2011, 27 (26):  169-173.  Abstract + ( 1016 )   PDF ( 1415925KB )   ( 910 ) With the arrival of the era of low carbon, numerous enterprises pay more and more attention to green marketing. Meanwhile, the marketer and the consumer also notice the price, which one of the most important key elements to the market. And the rational green price is very important for enterprises to win the trust of customers and obtain good economic and social benefits. This text has put forward the concept of the green value chain on the basis of Michael Potter's value chain model, and has introduced green management to the green price. Effective green value chain management can reduce production cost and product pric.On how to reduce the price of green product, writer analyzed it from three respects: customer value chain of green value chain system，green recycle process and manpower resources management closely related to green value chain. Finally, we can obtain competition advantage of the green cost with these analyses. Green price strategy is the main component of green marketing strategy. Enterprise will obtain green price competitive advantage and set up green image by optimizing the internal and external customer value chain, paying attention to the green recycle links and strengthening green talent introduction.

  Study on Superiority Region Layout of Major Grain Crops in Hebei Province 2011, 27 (26):  174-180.  Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 1668561KB )   ( 1060 ) Hebei is a producing province of the grain. The grain is about highlight problem of layout vague, obvious advantages of the region, growing dispersion etc. These problems restricted the grains of the main factors in Hebei Province. This paper analyzed the production aggregation, defined the major grain crops production areas in Hebei Province, there were 48 counties (urban, area) for the grain crops producing big counties; this paper analyzed major grain crops and region comparative benefit by compare effectiveness of model (osculating value method) in Hebei Province. And then analyzed the two proposed regional. At last, the paper proposed the major grain crops superiority region layout proposal in Hebei Province: (1) The millet was planted in mountain of Tai-hang, west Yan-shan and Hei-long-gang area, these area fit kinds of high yield and quality, high drought, health Se, simplify the cultivation of quality. (2) The mung bean was planted in mountain of Tai-hang, Yan-shan, Hei-long-gang area. These areas fit kinds of high yield and quality, export-oriented. Adzuki bean was planted in mountain of Tai-hang, Zhang-Cheng-Qin area, Qian-an, Qian-xi area, Hei-long-gang area, plain of front the hill. These areas fit kinds of high yield and quality, the high sand, export-oriented. (3) Sweet potato fitted kinds of starchy, High-yielding early maturing in mountain of Tai-hang, sweet potato fits kinds of starchy, Fresh Type, High-yielding early maturing in Yan-shan area. (4) Broomcorn fitted kinds of forage, brewing in mountain of Tai-hang and Hei-long-gang area, it fittec kinds of brewing, forage, energy in coastal plain area.

  The Mode Discrimination of Cultivated Land Security Condition in China Based on the PNN Network 2011, 27 (26):  181-186.  Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 1708058KB )   ( 992 ) The security of cultivated land brings about a significant enfluence on both security of grain seccurity and the security of ecology and society. With the aim to provide observational constraints on the use of cultivated land in China, the author had set up a set of threshold indicator systems and derived a cultivated land risk evaluation model basing on the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) to distinguish the risk rank of cultivated land in China. The results showed that the highly risk area were located in the ecological vulnerable regions, it contained Sichuan, Yunnan, Neimenggu, Fujian, Chongqing, Shannxi, Guizhou, Gansu, Qinghai; The danger rank of cultivated land distributed in both the rapid economic areas and the relatively undeveloped areas, including to Shandong, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjing, Guangxi; Ningxia, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Xizang, Guangdong were listed in observed attention areas. By virtue of being given a special favorite policy, Chinese maple grain production areas, such as Liaoning, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei; Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Xinjiang, Hainan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Helongjiang owned a relative safe situation. These implied that the environment and quality of cultivated land in China should be paid a special attention, the pressure imposed by improper economic growth on the cultivated land should be relieved, and Chinese maple food production area should be given a special protecting policy with a view to Chinese food safety.

  Study and Development on the Geographic Information System of Rice Precise Fertilization in County Scale -Take Jiangyan City as a Case 2011, 27 (26):  187-192.  Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 2532049KB )   ( 796 ) Aiming at the more nitrogen applied in production and short of information technology of quantitative fertilizers, the geographic information system of precise fertilization in rice based on Visual Basic 6.0 and MapObjects 2.2 was developed. The system consisted of E-map, fertilizer decision, fertilizer knowledge, et al. It had many functions such as information browse, map navigation, property query, decision support, learning tutorship, et al. It owned advantage such as usability, reliability and ease of use, which achieved system design goal.

  The Investigation of Farmers’ Recognition for Rural Eco-community Construction in North Jiangsu 2011, 27 (26):  193-198.  Abstract + ( 999 )   PDF ( 1414863KB )   ( 917 ) In order to promote rural eco-community construction in North Jiangsu, peasant’s attitude and recognition for rural eco-community construction in North Jiangsu was investigated by questionaire and statistical analysis, from the construction goals, construction measures, participation and recognition towards eco-community construction. The results showed that due to the weakness of economic base and ecological consciousness, as well as insufficient trust between peasant and officials, the farmers had the misunderstanding of the eco-community construction, lack of the agreement of current measures and the consciousness of constructing eco-community. It had become the important factors that restricted the eco-community construction. Thus in order to raise peasant’s identification, promote the peasant’s consciousness developing, it must strengthen the publicizing and guidance, improve the ecological development measures, and innovate the constructing mechanism of eco-community.

  On the Interests Game and Village Governance of Rural Land Disputes-Taking Village Gu as an Example 2011, 27 (26):  199-203.  Abstract + ( 1079 )   PDF ( 1279330KB )   ( 1087 ) In order to having in-depth interpretation of the rural land resource disputes, use the literature survey method and the case study method, this thesis attempted to analyze the cause and relevant response for land dispute by Village GU, based on case studies of land resources disputes occurred in Village GU. Besides, it also explored the situation of interests’ game and tried to find out its game process in resolving the problem. Furthermore, this paper aimed to probe into varied matters, such as constructing the ways of resolving embroilment by multiple parties, governance and operation in rural areas, etc. Accordingly, it put forward corresponding strategies to settle down the disputes related to land resources in villages. Various forces involved in the interests of land resources are in state of imbalance in the game, which bring land resources disputes. These land resources disputes are to be resolved, which through formal and informal institutional system arrangements. The management of rural society will be promoted to more scientific way of the rural governance.

  Study on Economical and Intensive Utilization of Land in Villages Planning of Huanglou Village, Henan Province 2011, 27 (26):  204-208.  Abstract + ( 893 )   PDF ( 6633348KB )   ( 726 ) The land economical and intensive utilization became the inevitable choice to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of land and to guarantee the stable development of economy in the new period. The author took Huanglou Village for example to analyze the problems existing in the construction of Huanglou Village. According to the economical and intensive construction standards of village, the author ran through the land-saving concept to the whole village planning in order to realize the land economical and intensive utilization by means of planning. In contrast with the status, Huanglou Village construction land-saving effect was remarkable. The acreage of Huanglou Village construction land before planning was 41.35 hm2 and the per capita acreage of construction land was 205.52 m2/person. The acreage of construction through planning was 19.14 hm2 and the per capita acreage of construction land was 88.55 m2/person. The acreage of construction land reduced by 22.21 hm2 and the per capita acreage of construction land reduced by 116.97 m2/person .The land economical and intensive utilization level greatly improved. This can provide reference for villages planning and also for land economical and intensive regulations.

  Study on Methods of Forecasting the Farm Products Prices 2011, 27 (26):  209-212.  Abstract + ( 966 )   PDF ( 1420426KB )   ( 980 ) The agricultural market is the most important part of market economy in China, and its core elements are farm products prices. This paper talks about characteristics of agricultural market, and then studies various classic and modern methods of forecasting the farm products prices by widely resources collection. Introduced a variety of intelligent methods of modern methods for predicting, the paper gets that intelligent methods are better than others. Finally, the intelligent methods are set forth as the methods’ development trends of forecasting the farm products prices.

  Analysis on the Factors Influencing Farmers’ Willingness to Participate in the Subsidies of Plant Protection Machinery -Based on the Survey Data in Fujian Province 2011, 27 (26):  213-217.  Abstract + ( 1029 )   PDF ( 1523838KB )   ( 691 ) Based on the survey data and used multinomial Logit model, this article introduced the current implementation of plant protection machinery purchase subsidies in Fujian Province, and examined factors influencing farmers’ willingness to participate in these policy subsidies. The research showed that 69.4% of the farmers expressed their willingness to participate in the policy subsidy, and influencing factors of planting size, education years, planting experience and income were significant.

  The Study on Implementing Effect Evaluations of Agriculture Preference Policy and its Countermeasures-Taking State-level Poor Counties as Example 2011, 27 (26):  218-222.  Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 1405189KB )   ( 843 ) The implementation of agriculture preference policies was investigated by interview and questionnaire survey. The investigation of preferential agricultural policies included the farmers’ understanding of the policy, overall satisfaction rating, the implementation of the organization and implementation costs, expected demand, information dissemination and feedback and so on. It was found that the basic preferential agricultural policy had been spread, farmers were satisfied with the implementation of the policy, and the farmers’ living conditions had been improved greatly. However, there were still some problems in implementing the policies, in order to improve the fulfilling achievements of agriculture preference policy, it was necessary to construct modern propagating system with local characteristic, transfer plural-center administration structure to government-folk structure, to emphasize the carrying on the policy which farmers really need.

  A Empirical Study of Weekday Effect Based on Agriculture Listed Companies 2011, 27 (26):  223-226.  Abstract + ( 850 )   PDF ( 1511020KB )   ( 708 ) In this paper ,the generalized error distribution of GARCH models was used to analysis weekday effect of agriculture listed companies,based on “bull market” and “bear market”.the results showed that there was a significant positive effect of the Monday and Friday in “bull market” and a significantly negative Monday effect in “bear market”.Finaly some suggestions are given.

  The Research of the Anaerobic Fermentation of Agriculture Residue to Produce Biogas 2011, 27 (26):  227-231.  Abstract + ( 1211 )   PDF ( 1303375KB )   ( 1412 ) In order to discuss the research and the status of utilization of agricultural residue, the author unitted the achievements of his own and other researchers’ research, through describing the present status of utilization of agricultural residue, the mechanism of anaerobic digestion for biogas production, the basic research of the methanogen and the research results of biogas production of three common agricultural residue, the author described the necessity and technology feasibility of the utilization of anaerobic fermentation to deal with the agricultural residue for biogas production, but found that many research results didn’t be used sufficiently on the utilization of Chinese agricultural residue, the results of this paper had a great reference value for the reasonable and effective utilization and dispose of the agricultural residue.

  Emergy Output Analysis of Agro-ecological Economic System of Jiangxi Province 2011, 27 (26):  232-238.  Abstract + ( 933 )   PDF ( 1616037KB )   ( 770 ) In order to evaluate the emergy output structure and its trend of agro-ecological economic system of Jiangxi Province, and provide the basis for the formulation of the countermeasures for the sustainable development of Jiangxi agricultural system, the author studied the emergy output of agro-ecological economic system of Jiangxi Province, and analyzed emergy output structure, its tracks of history of succession and the trend in development. The results showed that emergy output of agricultural system in Jiangxi Province was 1.73×1023-1.82×1023 sej from 1990 to 2009, while crop production made up 54.01%-61.36%, animal husbandry accounted for 27.15%-29.78%, fishing took up 8.01%-12.81%, forestry holded 3.34%-4.11%; output emergy of grain and oil-bearing crops accounted 78.19%-79.18% for total output emergy of grain and oil-bearing crops accounted 78.19%-79.18% for total output emergy of crop production; pork products took up 74.5%-77.4% for total output emergy of animal husbandry; for 20 years average growth rate per year of output emergy of crop production was 0.85%, animal husbandry was 2.28%, forestry was 2.26%, fishing was 5.46%; through development of 20 years, industrial structure of system changed a lot, output emergy proportion of planting declined from 61.39% to 54.01%, while animal husbandry and fishing increased from 27.15%, 8.01% to 29.78%, 12.42%, the status of crop production began shaking, output emergy of grain and oil-bearing crops possed high proportion in crop production emergy, pork products took up dominant position of animal husbandry, the agricultural system was traditional and conservative according to the increasing trend of animal husbandry, animal husbandry would be the leading industry of agricultural system in Jiangxi Province, animal husbandry also presented strong momentum, agricultural system of Jiangxi might present the situation of top 3 kingdoms of crop production animal husbandry and fishing in future.

  Service Function Analysis and Value Evaluation of Aquatic Ecosystem in Yinchuan 2011, 27 (26):  239-244.  Abstract + ( 846 )   PDF ( 1717498KB )   ( 777 ) The city of Yinchuan that located in the northwest of arid and semiarid zones, whether limited water resources can support sustainable economic and social development has become urgent problem. In order to have an effective assessment about the value of aquatic ecosystem, based on the relevant statistical literature, and using shadow price method, replacement cost method, travel cost method and recovery fees and other methods, the author evaluated the value of aquatic ecosystem service of Yinchuan. The results showed that: (1) from 2003 to 2008, as urban industrial water, living water consumption increased every year, the value of urban water supply increased year by year. In the future, with the development of industrialization and urbanization, the population scale and economic scale would expand rapidly, the amount of industrial water and domestic water would continue to be accelerated. (2) The proportion of urban water supply and recreational value of the GDP appeared a declining trend. This showed that the value of aquatic ecosystem seriously fell behind economic development, its contribution to the GDP was become more and more small.

  The Study on the Production Potential and the Population Supporting Capacity of Cultivated Land in Liaocheng City 2011, 27 (26):  245-248.  Abstract + ( 970 )   PDF ( 1582294KB )   ( 816 ) In order to understand the productive latent capacity of cultivated land resource in Liaocheng city, to further enhance the land productivity, productive latent capacity of cultivated land resource in Liaocheng city had been calculated according to the method of potential degression. By analyzing the cultivated land area, the ratios of the grain to economic crops and main crop sown area in future, the author investigated the population supporting capacity of cultivated land in Liaocheng city. The results showed that the wheat productive potential was 6911.37 kg/hm2 in Liaocheng city, the corn was 15445.88 kg/hm2. The population supporting capacity in the well-fed type, well-off type and wealthy level respectively was 938.25 ten thousand, 750.6 ten thousand and 625.5 ten thousand. This indicated that the level of the well-off would be overloaded. Therefore, the author proposed the way that would enhance the population supporting capacity of cultivated land in Liaocheng city.

  Analysis on Cultivated Land Use Efficiency Based on DEA -A Case Study of Fengdu County 2011, 27 (26):  249-253.  Abstract + ( 997 )   PDF ( 1618158KB )   ( 806 ) In order to find out the current situation of cultivated land use efficiency in Fengdu county, this article calculated cultivated land use efficiency, its variation and the difference between land-use zonings in 2002-2008 using the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA). Finally, according to the software of SPSS impacting factors cultivated land use efficiency were analyzed. The results suggested that the calculated use efficiency fluctuated in 2002-2008, the average efficiency was 0.85, which indicated land use efficiency was low, and there was a certain ascendant space. Cultivated land use efficiency and pure technical efficiency had the same change trend, which farther showed that the change of cultivated land use efficiency mainly induced by pure technical efficiency. Meanwhile, cultivated land use efficiency was different among 4 zonings in Fengdu county. There were many factors impacted on land use efficiency, which could be lined as follows from high degree to low, the development of economy, natural environment and the distribution of cultivated land resource.

  Study on the Environmental Impact Assessment of Ecological Urban Planning Taking the City of Harbin as an Example 2011, 27 (26):  254-259.  Abstract + ( 970 )   PDF ( 1491490KB )   ( 973 ) In order to promote the implementation of the ‘Environmental Impact Assessment Law of Republic of China’, and to make the consciousness of the environmental protection penetrate into all kinds of strategies of social and economic in the planning of the ecological city. To consider the impact of the environment adequately, in the early stages of the plan of the ecological city, so as to achieve the sustainable development in the city. In the view of the planning of the ecological city is popular at home and abroad, the author made the city of Harbin as an example, aimed to the characteristics of the environmental impact assessment, referred to the index system of assessment which proposed by Song YC and other people. The author constructed system which fitted for the assessment of environmental impact, in another words, adopting the model of mathematical to fit for the assessment of the environmental impact in ecological city planning. To make quantitative analysis to the compound ecological system, this method was basis on the analysis of the AHP. It made the comprehensive ecosystem index divide into three garget subsystems. In that basis, the author analyzed the assess factor detail. By the operation of the rectangular to determine the weight and standard value, and then according to the evaluation criteria to obtain the conclusion of the assessment. This study used this system method to empirical study, to the planning of ecological urban in Harbin. The author could obtain the result by the calculating analysis that the degree of the ecological in Harbin was general. At the same time, the author pointed out the problems existed in the process of the ecological city planning, and the measures of slow down to the impact of environment.

  Study on Urban Expansion and Land Surface Thermal Environment Change in Daqing City 2011, 27 (26):  260-265.  Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 2672579KB )   ( 709 ) The author retrieved the land surface temperature by using mono-window algorithm from 1990, 2001 and 2006 Landsat TM/ETM+data in Daqing, and analyzed the LST change law follow with Daqing urban expansion from urban heat island intensity, the temperature impact from different types of surface conversion, the gravity transfer. The results showed that: Daqing urban areas, the proportion of urban land and urban expansion index sustained growth; the areas of high temperature zone increased a lot, normal and low temperature zone areas decreased a lot; urban land had the biggest contribution for surface thermal effects; when other surface features converted to urban land, the temperature increased; the direction and intensity of Daqing urban expansion were the same as temperature gravity transfer, so the urban expansion was main reason for surface thermal environment change.

  Effect of Copper Ion on Activities of Important Antioxidant Enzymes from Earthworms 2011, 27 (26):  266-269.  Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 1620911KB )   ( 958 ) In order to study the toxicity of copper ion to earthworms in the soils, the author reported the effects of copper ion (Cu2+) on activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH- PX) from earthworms. The results indicated that CAT was activated partially by Cu2+ in the lower dose. The activity was decreased at first, then that was activated with time. SOD was decreased then was activated significantly. GSH-PX was fluctuation with the increasing of Cu2+ in the earthworm, but it was not shown the order all the exposure time. The activities of CAT, SOD and GSH-PX were not relative to the exposure doses of copper in the artificial soils.

  Correlation Analysis between Landscape Characteristics of Ecotourism Vegetation and Geographical Factors in Putuo Mountain 2011, 27 (26):  270-275.  Abstract + ( 871 )   PDF ( 1602518KB )   ( 582 ) Ecotourism is a new-style tour which has been developed with the adaptation to people’s desire for returning to the nature and protecting environment during the 20th century. As a green tour, ecotourism has drawn world’s attention since its beginning. Currently it is becoming one of the main trends in tourism development in the 21st century. In this thesis, the ecological impacts of ecotourism on environments were studied in both theory and practice. The author tried to put forward the China-special ecotourism, and then study its ecological impacts through quantitative ecological methods. At last, several suitable suggestions for tour developers and managers were raised. Vegetation landscapes were not only important scenic resources, but also levers of harmonizing their ecological balance. So it was important to study the relationship between tourism and vegetation environment in the nature reserve. The relationship between landscape characteristics of tourist vegetation and geographical factors was analyzed in this paper. By this study, we can compare the impact of physical geographical factors with that of human geographical factors on vegetation landscape characteristics, and realized the rule of tourism on vegetation landscape. The result showed that elevation was only correlated evidently to landscape characteristics. The width of tourist road was correlated evidently to landscape important value, tourism influencing index, vegetation layer cover. Physical environment had little effect on tourist vegetation landscape compared to human geographical factor. In addition, the correlation between proportions in community structure, proportion of species companying with human being and geographical factor showed that it can not reflect ecological environment as a good evaluation standard.

  Research and Utilization of Wild Rice Genetic Resources in Ethical Area of China 2011, 27 (26):  276-280.  Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 1449903KB )   ( 866 ) Adapting to diversified natural environment in the long evolution process, wild rice has evolved rich genetic diversity and many superior characteristics including stresses tolerance, good quality and male sterility, which make wild rice the ideal genetic materials in rice breeding. The wild rice species in China mainly grow in ethical areas such as Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou. In fact, wild rice domestication and rice culturing have long been important components of ethical traditional culture. A lot of studies have been performed on evaluation of genetic resources, identification of excellent traits related genes and analysis of genetic diversity of wild rice in ethical areas. Some good characteristics related genes in wild rice have been introduced into the rice cultivars using the classic and modern breeding technologies, leading to elevated productivity and stress tolerance. With the advance of modern molecular biology, research and utilization of rice genetic resources in ethical area of China will be greatly deepened in future.

  The Influence of Climate Change in Puyang on Agricultural Production 2011, 27 (26):  281-286.  Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 1756469KB )   ( 813 ) In order to find out the positive and negtive influence of climate changing pattern on agricultural production, the author focused on analyzing the yearly variation of precipitation, temperature and sunlight in past 50 years by applying linear and standard deviation statistical tools. The results demonstrated that the average temperature in Puyang showed an upward trend in past 55 years of the four seasons, winter showed the most notable increase, followed by spring and autumn, while the average temperature in summer tended to go down. Moreover, daily sunlight showed a downward trend generally. The hours of sunlight per year decreased at a speed of 135 h every decade. Lastly, yearly precipitation was 599.8 mm, and anomaly percentage of which was -56%-75%, showing a big variation of yearly precipitation that could easily cause drought and flood. The reasons of climate change could be summarized as follows: firstly, human activities drove climate warmer; secondly, the heavier and heavier air pollution and climate changes led to decrease of sunlight; lastly, the precipitation showed an overall downward trend and periodic changes.

  The Numerical Simulation and Diagnostic Analysis on the Rainstorm of 0601 Typhoon ‘Chanchu’ 2011, 27 (26):  287-292.  Abstract + ( 1196 )   PDF ( 2652898KB )   ( 783 ) In order to analyze the local affect of typhoon rainstorm, the author simulated the rainstorms caused by 0601 typhoon ‘Chanchu’ in Chaozhou of Guangdong with WRF model, and the simulated results which had been diagnosed and analyzed by using the method of Q vectors. The simulated results showed that low level convergence and transportation of moisture were critical to typhoon rainstorm during typhoon ‘Chanchu’. The author diagnosed the outputs of WRF model by using Q vectors, the results showed that the raining areas coexisted with Q vectors convergence along its moving direction. At the same time, the big values areas of Q vectors divergence were corresponded by large rain distribution. The vertical distribution of Q vectors divergence could be estimated the frontgenesis and frontolysis. This two physics factors could be used to forecast the decay and disappear of typhoon.

  Characteristic of Droughts and Humidification Based on Standard Precipitation Index in Weifang During the Past 50 Years 2011, 27 (26):  293-298.  Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 2012177KB )   ( 828 ) Drought and flood are the main meteorological disasters in Weifang, which had a serious impact on industrial and agricultural production. Analysis of their characteristics and patterns of evolution can provide a theoretical basis for drought and flood mitigation in the context of climate change in Weifang. Based on the monthly precipitation data in Weifang during 1961-2010 and the standardized precipitation index, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of drought and humidification in Weifang were analyzed. The results showed that: the variations of drought and humidification in Weifang were characterized by phase. It was relatively humid in the 1960s and 1970s, and it was extremely humid in early 1960s turning to drought in late 1970s. In 1980s, it was continuing drought in the whole city. The fluctuated changed to flatten from 1991 to 2010. The spatial distribution of drought and humidification in Weifang had a regional characteristic. In 1960s, it was relatively humid in the mid-west region and dry in the southeast area. The difference of drought and humidification in every region was very little in 1970s. It was dryer in every region in 1980s, and the southeast was the driest region, while the north on the contrary. The changes of drought and humidification among the regions had the same trend in 1990s and 2000s. As the spatial and temporal distributions of precipitation were uneven, the local drought and humidification distribution was anomaly, such as in 1999. The spatial distribution of the drought and humidification time between every 10 years had their respective characteristics. And it brought difficulty to the unified arrangements for the drought and flood control departments.

  Research on Forecast Method of Thunderstorm Wind and Hail 2011, 27 (26):  299-304.  Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 1620916KB )   ( 1099 ) Abstract In order to maximize to reduce the thunderstorm winds and hail weather damage, improve the two catastrophic weather forecasting warning ability. On the basis of statistics of no thunderstorms, ordinary thunderstorms and strong convective (thunderstorms, winds and hail) samples between April and September from 2000 to 2005 in Anhui Province, using 1×1 lattice point NCEP material, 43 elements characterized for thermal, power, moisture conditions were calculated, and physical extremum, normalized average etc. when no thunderstorms, ordinary thunderstorms or strong convective (thunderstorms winds and hail) were contrast analysis. Then based on the analysis results, away empty and forecast indexes which related good with strong convective were selected to determine the threshold of forecast indexes month by month and hourly. Finally, using the index fold set method, weather potential prediction product Anhui thunderstorms winds and hail was created. The real-time operation of 2007, when there were 28 strong convective process from June to September, was inspected using this method. The result was that all quote, nine empty quote, no omission, and the process TS was 30.4%. Judging from the inspection effect, the bigger of the index superposition value, the bigger probability of thunderstorm winds or hail. So it will play a positive role for the agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation.The real-time operation of 2007, when there were 28 strong convective process from June to September, was inspected using this method. The result was that all quote, nine empty quote, no omission, and the process TS was 30.4%. Judging from the inspection effect, the bigger of the index superposition value, the bigger probability of thunderstorm winds or hail. So it will play a positive role for the agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation.

  Comparative Study on Development of Recreational Fishery in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai 2011, 27 (26):  305-310.  Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 1443739KB )   ( 1038 ) Simply describes the background of the development of recreational fishery in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai and related research results of it. There were three development motives of recreational fishery in Yangtze River Delta region. First, leisure agriculture became one of the choices of national strategy because of its huge market demand. Second, fishery industrial structure adjusted in whole country. Third, local government increased investment. Refined and elaborated the different development models of recreational fishery in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. By comparison, different modes had difference in development concept, tourist’s distribution, and business entities and so on. Development proposals put forward that establishing strategic alliances, unifying industry standards, broadening channels of development, promoting sports fishing, mining fishing culture, and focused on protection of ecological resources, would be conducive to the further development of recreational fishery in the three provinces.

  A Comparative Analysis on Three Agritourism Management Typical Models in Zhejiang Province 2011, 27 (26):  311-316.  Abstract + ( 1247 )   PDF ( 1622005KB )   ( 978 ) Based on the analysis of the related literatures about agritourism management at home and abroad, this article adopts the research methods of the typical survey , direct observation ,In-depth interviewing and comparative analysis, selects three typical agritourism management models in Zhejiang province, which are “share cooperation ” model, “individual farm” model and “Five Units Combined” model, then analyzes comparatively the similarities and differences and pros and cons between the three models of business entities, investment financing , decision-making, distribution mechanism, marketing model and so on. Finally , the author puts forward many suggestions and references for agritourism managers and the relevant government departments.