Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.25 Published:05 October 2011

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  The Progress of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. 2011, 27 (25):  1-4.  Abstract + ( 1623 )   PDF ( 1248793KB )   ( 1275 ) In this paper, the research advances of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. Were summarized, including the aspects of distribution, community characteristic, growth characteristics, genetic improvement, plant breeding and forestation. Economic values of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. were concluded as lumber trees, dry fruit trees, medicinal plant, landscaping trees. Some questions about the production were discussed and the future development direction was proposed. Thus the reasonable exploitation and the sustainable development of plant resources would come true.

  The Study on Comprehensive Evaluation of Seedlings’ Drought Resistance: Example of 6 Forestation Seedlings in Karst Mountainous Region 2011, 27 (25):  5-12.  Abstract + ( 1190 )   PDF ( 1588054KB )   ( 971 ) In order to evaluate drought resistant ability of different seedlings in karst area and to establish a simple and applicable index system of drought resistance identification, seedlings water potential, hydraulic architecture, water retaining capacity and intensity of water consuming had been studied by hydraulic architecture theory and the author further discussed the difference of seedlings in potential of water absorption, efficiency of water transportation and distribution, water retaining capacity and intensity of water consuming. Furthermore, drought resistance of different seedlings was comprehensive evaluated and ‘method of subordination function’ and ‘method of coordinate composite evaluation of multiple dimension space’ was compared. The result showed that the evaluation results was Cinnamomum camphora (Linn.) Presl>Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry et Thomas>Platycladus orientalis (Linn.) Franco>Robinia pseudoacacia L.>Broussonetia papyrifera >Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir. by method of subordination function and the contribution rate of different process of water transportation was different in different tree species seedling; the evaluation results was Robinia pseudoacacia L.>Platycladus orientalis (Linn.) Franco>Cinnamomum camphora (Linn.) Presl>Broussonetia papyrifera>Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry et Thomas>Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir. by method of coordinate composite evaluation of multiple dimension space. The method of coordinate composite evaluation of multiple dimension space was relatively suitable under condition of less tree species

  Establishment of Leaf Regeneration System and In vitro Culture of Hybrid Clones of Populus deltoids Bartr. and Populus ussuriensis Kom. 2011, 27 (25):  13-19.  Abstract + ( 1182 )   PDF ( 3250455KB )   ( 845 ) Stems of hybrid clone of Populus deltoids and Populus ussuriensis were used as explants to study its in vitro culture and leaf regeneration system, and to explore effect of different prescriptions of hormone on induction, differentiation, propagation of adventitious bud, and rooting. The results showed that, the optimal sterilization time was 5 min, the optimum medium for multiplication was MS + 6-BA 2 mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L + ZT 0.5 mg/L, medium with MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.05 mg/L might achieve the proliferation and restoration effect on adventitious bud, and the optimal medium for rooting was MS + NAA 0.3 mg/L. Among the five hybrid clones, No.177 showed the best differentiation potential, its regeneration ability for leaf adventitious shoot was significantly higher when cultured with the abaxial side upward than with the adaxial side downward, its corresponding differentiation ability with leaf, stem and root segment come out to be in a descending order. This study had optimized the tissue cultural system of hybrid clone of P. deltoids and P. ussuriensis, result of which had laid groundwork foundation for its rapid propagation and genetic transformation analysis.

  Study on Feeding Area of Monochamus alternatus Between Tree Species with Different Diameter Class 2011, 27 (25):  20-24.  Abstract + ( 1127 )   PDF ( 1599511KB )   ( 805 ) To reveal internal relations of the difference of feeding area among pine trees with different diameter, Monochamus alternatus Hope that were caught in the Ma’anshan forest farm by the use of attractant was fed with branch of P. massoniana, P. thunbergii, P. taeda and the branch was collected in the Ma’anshan forest farm. The results indicated that: the feeding area of large-diameter was all above of that of small-diameter of tested three kinds of pine trees. The difference of feeding area of P. thunbergii Parl. (F=3.69, P=0.0480) was significant, the difference of feeding area of P. massoniana Lamb. (F=0.41, P=0.6705) and P. taeda (F=2.48, P=0.1251) wasn’t significant; the difference of feeding area of diameter class 0.7 cm≤D≤1.0 cm was significant (F=5.01, P=0.0284) (feeding preference: P. massoniana＞P. thunbergii＞P. taeda), however the difference of percentage of feeding area of diameter class 0.4 cm≤D≤0.6 cm (F=1.44, P=0.2621) (feeding preference: P. taeda＞P. massoniana＞P. thunbergii) and 0.1 cm≤D≤0.3 cm (F=0.99, P=0.4064) (feeding preference: P. massoniana＞P. taeda＞P. thunbergii) was not significant; the difference of percentage of feeding area of diameter class 0.7 cm≤D≤1.0 cm (F=0.41, P=0.6742) and 0.4 cm≤D≤0.6 cm (F=0.43, P=0.6588) wasn’t significant, but the difference of percentage of feeding area of diameter class 0.1 cm≤D≤0.3 cm (F=4.29, P=0.0419) was significant.

  Study on the Effect of Amendment on Sb Form and Bioavailability in Antimony Mine Area 2011, 27 (25):  25-30.  Abstract + ( 1162 )   PDF ( 1566623KB )   ( 809 ) The author used artificial afforestation combined soil amendment experiment for studying influence of soil amendment to Sb heavy metal forms, distribution characteristics and bioavailability, and providing the technical basis for antimony mine area ecological restoration. The results showed that with the increase in discharging amount of soil amendment, soil pH values increased and as per plant use 300 g casting amendment, the soil pH value from acidic becomes alkaline. Different doses of soil amendment on the 0-20 cm and 40-60 cm soil Sb carbonate bound had significant effects and 20-40 cm soil had very significant effect. However, to 40-60 cm residual form had very significant effect. Sb forms had Fe-Mn oxidate state form, organic bound and residual form in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil; but mainly form were organic bound and Fe-Mn oxidate state forms in 40-60 cm soil. Cast amendment increased Sb bioavailability 18.92%-24.23%, decreased Sb potential bioavailability 17.55%-18.92%, decreased Sb non-bioavailability 0.95%-6.03%. In addition, significantly increased the biological activity and the bioavailability of Sb, thus increased the ecological risk of heavy metal Sb, this moment Sb easily absorbed by plants and entered the plant to some extent on the toxic effects of plant.Sb forms have Fe-Mn oxidate state form, organic bound and residual form in 0~20cm and 20~40cm soil;but mainly form were organic bound and Fe-Mn oxidate state forms in 40~60cm soil. Cast amendment can increased Sb bioavailability 18.92%～24.23% ,can decreased Sb potential bioavailability 17.55%～18.92% ,decreased Sb non-bioavailability 0.95%～6.03%.In addition, significantly increased the biological activity and the bioavailability of Sb thus increased heavy metal Sb. ecological risk, this moment Sb easily absorbed by plants and enter the plant to some extent on the toxic effects of plant.

  A Technological Study of Ammopiptamhus mongolicus on Forestation and its Seeding Breeding in Desert Area 2011, 27 (25):  31-36.  Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 1560438KB )   ( 799 ) Under different site conditions between Quanshan forest farm in Minqin and Malutan forest farm in Gulang, we carried out the experiment about seedling cultivation and forestation in container of Ammopiptamhus mongolicus, surveyed survival rate, mass growth, soil moisture, soil organic matter and other indicators, discussed the methods and technologies between abandoned land and sand dune of Ammopiptamhus mongolicus, and summed up the forestation problems about Ammopiptamhus mongolicus in different site conditions. The results showed, there were high survival rate of seedlings, stocking percent, mass growth and biomass on abandoned land in Minqin, while the stocking percent here were only 12% and there were lower mass growth, except relatively higher survival rate of seedlings in Malutan forest farm. Because it was good for Ammopiptamhus mongolicus to growth on abandoned land, while afforestation on sand dune was easy to be influenced by wind erosion and increased the management difficulties, so the afforestation on sand dunes need to be further exploration and research.

  The Study on the Correlation of Average Dominant Height and Mean Height of Alnus cremastogyne Stands in Xiangxi by Applying Dummy Variable 2011, 27 (25):  37-44.  Abstract + ( 1638 )   PDF ( 1707330KB )   ( 872 ) Stand average dominant height and mean height are important indicators for site index evaluation. Based on 78 plot data of Alnus cremastogyne plantation in Xiangxi, using quantification theory type I, 11 kinds of factors were analyzed whether they had significant effect on height ratio (stand mean height/stand average dominant height), they were place name, stand type, gradient, slope situation, slope orientation, soil thickness, natural disaster, tree number/hm2, elevation, age and crown density. If the factor had most significant effect on height ratio, it would be selected as a dummy variable. The place name and stand type, including absolute pure stand and relative pure stand were selected as dummy variables, because they had most significant effect on height ratio. The dependability of that place name and stand type had most significant effect on height ratio were 93.70% and 99.96%. Based on these dummy variables, these non-linear correlation models of stand average dominant height and mean height had been established, and the general non-linear model had also been established. The establishing model and test precisions had also been analyzed and compared with 5 indicators, they were determination coefficient, residuals mean, absolute residuals mean, relative residuals mean and precision. The precisions of non-linear model based on dummy variable with place name, non-linear model based on dummy variable with stand type and general non-linear model were 98.65%, 97.53% and 93.43%. The determination coefficients of them were 0.9389, 0.9266 and 0.9015, the residuals means of them were 2.16E-09, 5.53E-09 and 2.30E-07, the absolute residuals means of them were 1.0631, 1.1323 and 1.8522, the relative residuals means of them were 0.1197, 0.2038 and 0.2932. It showed that the non-linear model based on dummy variable with place name were more than the others, and the non-linear model with dummy variable were more than the model without dummy variable. These method for establishing model and research results maybe help to improve the model precision and establish a biology mode used in area coverage.

  Principal Component Analysis Used in Optimal Selection of Walnut 2011, 27 (25):  45-48.  Abstract + ( 1295 )   PDF ( 1337988KB )   ( 1245 ) To further explore quantitative methods of walnut optimal selection, the paper used principal components analysis to check tree body characteristics (tree age, tree height, diameter at breast height, first branch height, crown width, fruit yield) and fruit characteristics (green walnut weight, kernel weight, kernel shell thickness, three average diameter of kernel, shell seal height, fatty acid content, total sugar content, protein content) of the 8 reselected precocious excellent walnut strains, identified 4 important principal component including 90.2% comprehensive characteristics information of the tree, and listed the 4 important principal component function type, calculated the four important principal component values. The excellent strains comprehensively selected by the four important principal component values were similar to practical phenotype. It proofed that the principal component analysis method of comprehensive selection in walnut quality saplings had applications.

  Study on Landscape Pattern and Connectivity with Different Scale of Urban Green Space 2011, 27 (25):  49-55.  Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 2259968KB )   ( 1047 ) Urban green space as an environmental factor plays an important role in advancing the sustainable development of urban. Study on landscape pattern and connectivity with different scale of urban green space is a focal point and hotspot in landscape ecology. In this paper, the effects of grid size on landscape indices were discussed based on landscape map of Changsha City with the technological support of GIS and RS. The results showed: (1) all the landscape indices had obvious scale effects. All indexes had scale inflexions with the grain increased from 5-150 m. The information of diversity, complexity and geometrical characteristics of landscape can be lost rapidly due to the scale inflexions by swallowing patches and modifying patch edges. The appropriate grain size should be chosen in the first scale domain. Based on the above, the appropriate grain extents were identified to calculate landscape indices for the landscape map of Changsha City, which was from 80 m to 90 m. (2) The relative importance of patches in landscape was not obvious scale-dependent. The scale-dependent on the identification of patches prioritization would be reduced by changing the dispersal distance of the animals. IIC and PC were not strong scale-dependent. (3)Large patches with more important value were less and uneven distributed; which caused the lack of communication between the patches, and made the landscape ecological process interrupted and the landscape stability not high.

  Investigation on Cold Damage of Rubber Tree Conserved in Field Germplasm Pool 2011, 27 (25):  56-59.  Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 1342906KB )   ( 930 ) In order to entirely understand the cold stress adaptability of Hevea brasiliensis, 1675 1981’IRRDB accessions and 215 Wickham clones were investigated in the field germplasm pool after the typical advective cold damage between 2007 and 2008, with the one by one investigation, identification of chilling injury in seeding stage and classification methods. The results showed that there were just 19.07% Wickham clones with the average level of chilling injury below 1 rank, whereas 55% 1981’IRRDB wild Hevea accessions showed a certain degree of cold stress tolerance which indicated that there were quite amount of gene for cold tolerance, especially the accessions which came from Rodonia, it could be a valuable group screening for cold resistance.

  Category, Contents and their Correlations of the Degradation Products of the Plastid Pigment of the Middle Part Leaves of the Tobacco Variety ‘KRK26’ from Yunnan Tobacco-growing Area during Flue-curing 2011, 27 (25):  60-67.  Abstract + ( 1463 )   PDF ( 1620661KB )   ( 1464 ) To explore the degradation characteristic of the plastid pigment of the ‘KRK26’ leaves from Yunnan tobacco-growing area during flue-curing, providing a reference for the assessment of the aroma quality and the optimization of the flue-curing parameters of the tobacco variety. The category, contents and the content correlations of the degradation products of the plastid pigment of the middle part leaves of the Zimbabwe tobacco variety ‘KRK26’ from Yuxi tobacco-growing area of Yunnan Province during three phase flue-curing were studied on the basis of Gas chromatography (GC)-Mass spectrum (MS) analysis. The results indicated that, during the flue-curing, 11 main degradation products of the carotenoid (Car) and 3 of the chlorophyll (Chl) were detected. The highest contents of β-damascenone, β-damascone, dihydroactinodiolode, megastigmatrienone 1, 2, 3, 4, farnesylacetone and solanone were all at the stem-drying, those of 3-hydroxyl-β-damascone and 3-keto-α-ionol at the early period of the color-fixing, and those of pyrroles, neophytadiene and furans at the early period of the yellowing, the later period of the color-fixing and the middle period of the yellowing respectively. The content differences of the different degradation products of the Car and Chl and the difference of the degradation product contents of the Car at the different flue-curing stages all reached the extremely significant level, but the difference of the product contents of the Chl at the different stages did not reach the significant level. Extremely significant, significant and non-significant positive correlations or significant and non-significant negative correlations were found among the contents of the degradation products of the plastid pigment. The predominant degradation products of the Car at the different stages were all mainly solanone, total megastigmatrienones, farnesylacetone and β-damascenone and the predominant product of the Chl was neophytadiene whose content percentages in the total quantities of the main degradation products of the Car and the plastid pigment were more than 94.0% and 89.8% respectively all the time. So, the chief materials determining the aroma quality of ‘KRK26’ were neophytadiene, solanone, total megastigmatrienones, farnesylacetone and β-damascenone.

  Dynamic Variations of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Nanping Tobacco-Growing Soil 2011, 27 (25):  68-76.  Abstract + ( 1318 )   PDF ( 1645537KB )   ( 867 ) In order to better realize the status and its dynamic variations of principal nutrition in Nanping tobacco-growing soil, and to provide the basis for soil conservation and tobacco balanced fertilization. The status and variations of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were analyzed base on the data of the soil survey of Nanping tobacco-planting area. The results showed that the average content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Nanping tobacco-growing soil were (1.61±0.47) g/kg, (0.57±0.31) g/kg, and (16.34±6.31) g/kg respectively, the average content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium were (146.05±38.76) mg/kg, (28.80±26.11) mg/kg, and (90.02±52.12) mg/kg respectively. The variation of the soil phosphorus and potassium was great; the variation of nitrogen was medium. There were positive correlations between the soil alkali-hydradyzble nitrogen content and the texture, the organic matter and the nitrogen content, the available phosphorus, pH and the total phosphorus content. The content of available potassium had extremely significant positive correlations with pH, texture, organic matter, total potassium and the content of slow-release potassium. The nitrogen and potassium supply of soil showed a lower tendency, but the phosphorus supply of soil showed a higher tendency, especially for the old tobacco-growing areas which were long-term continuous tobacco-planting. Considering the soil conservation and quality tobacco production, the flue-cured tobacco production in Nanping should apply dolomite to increase the pH of soil, apply more organic matter and K fertilizer, control the content of nitrogen at current season, and reduce phosphate fertilizer generally, but the phosphate fertilizer application shall be regarded when the content of the available phosphorus was less than 10mg/kg.

  Biological Activities of Extracts from Artemisia argyi Against Ectropis obliqua 2011, 27 (25):  77-81.  Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 1546233KB )   ( 932 ) Preparation of the Artemisia argyi by Soxhlet extraction and set the alcohol extracts of five different concentrations, observation of the Artemisia argyi extracts were bio-assayed against Ectropis obliqua larva. Results indicated that the extracts had many functional patterns against the larvae of Ectropis obliqua as anti-feeding, contacting toxicity, stomach poisoning and inhibiting growth activities. The higher concentration, the more obviously the effect on the pest was. In the test of contacting toxicity and stomach poisoning, the corrected mortality of 3rd instar larvae of Ectropis obliqua reached 66.14% and 78.16% treated by contacting and poisoning at 72 h, respectively. For the anti-feeding, the results of the antifeedant effect showed that concentration of 100 mg/mL had good effect for the larva, the antifeedant effect were 56.77% and 46.01% after 12 h and 24 h, respectively. The extracts also had significant inhibition to growth and development of larvae the inhibition rate at 24 h and 48 h after treatment were 54.83% and 68.32% at concentration of 100 mg/mL. The date showed that Artemisia argyi extracts had good tea geometrid cytotoxicity, has developed into the potential of botanic insecticide, accord with current of non-polluted tea production needs.

  Preparation and Properties of Eupatorium - Lavender oil – Camphor Mothproofing Tablets 2011, 27 (25):  82-88.  Abstract + ( 1298 )   PDF ( 3545684KB )   ( 845 ) The mothproofing tablets composed of dry eupatorium powder, lavender oil and camphor were prepared. The effects of various factors on the release rates of active agents from the mothproofing tablets were investigated. The optimized formulation was obtained by efficacy test. The camphor and lavender oil-containing mothproofing tablets were prepared by the method of direct compression using eupatorium dry powders as a matrix material. The factors influencing the release rates of active agents from the tablets were investigated using in vitro dynamic release experiment. The efficacies of pure camphor tablets, pure dry eupatorium-powder tablets and the other tablets with different formulations were evaluated using the black carpet beetles as test insects. The dry eupatorium powders had good compressibility. The tablets had good sustained release effects for lavender oil, which were prepared under the compression force of 10 MPa using silica particles as the adsorbent for lavender oil. The fabric damage degree was evaluated as grade 3 and 4 respectively for pure camphor tablets and pure eupatorium-powder tablets, both of which did not meet the registration standard (grade≤2). The formulations were optimized to obtain the best efficacy when the mass fraction of camphor was 60% (m/m) and the mass fraction of lavender oil was 6% (m/m) and the remaining fraction was dry eupatorium powder. The fabric damage degree of this optimized formulation was grade 1, meeting even excelling the registration standard.

  Physiological Effect of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Ornamental Lupins under High-temperature Stress 2011, 27 (25):  89-93.  Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 1537565KB )   ( 898 ) Five-leaf stage seedlings of the ornamental Lupins cultivar ‘Minaretie’ were studied under high-temperature stress of 30℃-45℃ after spraying 200 μmol/L salicylic acid. Leaf superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content, soluble protein and sugar content were measured in order to clarify the responsive mechanism. The results showed that salicylic acid pretreatment effectively increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, osmoregulation substance content of soluble protein and sugar, but restrained the increase of malondialdehyde content in leaf. Antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulation substance content increased with temperature. When the temperature was out of 40℃, they decreased. Peroxidase activity in leaf was sensitived to the treatment of salicylic acid and it can be used to an indicator to measure high-temperature resistance. Thus, the exogenous salicylic acid could reduce high-temperature stress to hurt ornamental Lupins seedlings by improving antioxidation ability and osmoregulation substance content, protecting structure and function of cell membrance.

  Influences of Different Culture Medium on Growth of Zantedeschia hybrida ‘Black Magic’ 2011, 27 (25):  94-98.  Abstract + ( 1238 )   PDF ( 1525728KB )   ( 943 ) To select the best culture medium of Zantedeschia hybrida ‘Black Magic’, in this paper, orchard soil as control, four mediums that made of peat, perlite, vermiculite and sand in different volumetric proportions were tested. The physical and chemical properties and growth characteristics data of ‘Black magic’ were measured. The results showed that the nutritionally balanced medium which porosity of between 65%-80% and pH between 5.0-6.7, was the best medium for ‘Black Magic’. Seedling stage and bud stage of 'black magic' cultivated in treatment D peat︰perlite︰vermiculite︰sand=3︰1︰1︰1 were the most shortest, means were 52.7 days and 10.3 days. Blooming date was the longest, reaching a mean of 31 days. Flower number of single corm reached a maximum of two. This paper used four treatments, in addition to outstanding performance in treatment D, the other treatment with the poor performance, to be further improved.

  Effect of the Activated Carbon and Plants Uptake on the Formaldehyde Cleaning in Indoor Air 2011, 27 (25):  99-102.  Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 1567191KB )   ( 1289 ) The indoor air pollution in urban resident is very serious, formaldehyde has become one of the most important indoor air pollutants in China. In this study, ivy (Scinda Psusaureu), green dill (Hedera nepalensis van. Sinensis) and activated carbon are selected as the research objects, and we use the closed chamber technique to study the absorption capacity of plants and chemicals on formaldehyde. The results show that green dill, ivy and activated carbon are all good for indoor formaldehyde purification. One day later, the purifying efficiency decreased in the order as follows: ivy + activated carbon（formaldehyde cleaning rate is 38.27%）> ivy (34.31%) > green dill + activated carbon (32.20%) > green dill (5.61%) > activated carbon (3.73%). Ten days later, the purifying efficiency decreased in the order as follows: ivy + activated carbon (69.91%) > green dill+ activated carbon (64.28%) > ivy (60.44%) > activated carbon (57.50%)> green dill (24.99%). Combining the plants and activated carbon have the better efficiency of formaldehyde cleaning rate than using plants or activated carbon singly, and long time have better effect than short time.

  Studies on Cross-compatibility of Different Varieties in Lilium 2011, 27 (25):  103-107.  Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 1518547KB )   ( 992 ) In this experiment, the introduction of foreign cultivars traits 7 good to them as parents for hybridization, and explore the mating compatibility between different varieties of law, improve breeding efficiency. The results showed that: Four different varieties of lily hybrids within the hybrid system, and their offspring an average of the highest rates for the OO embryo hybrids of 43.63 %, followed by the 25.35% AA hybrids. Multi-OO hybrids to ‘Dordogne’, ‘Montezuma’ as female parent, hybrid and other hybrids, and their offspring an average rate of embryos and other combinations, good compatibility. ‘Dordogne’ × ‘Tresor’ was combination of seed rate of 50%, the embryo was 50.8%, the best cross compatibility.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Capparis masaikai Lévl. Germplasm Resources by RAPD 2011, 27 (25):  108-112.  Abstract + ( 1137 )   PDF ( 2191281KB )   ( 1006 ) To protect and utilize germplasm resources of Capparis masaikai L., RAPD technology was occupied to study the genetic diversity of 23 germplasm from 5 provinces in China. Based on optimum RAPD reaction system, 9 appropriate primers were screened out from 100 random primers, the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 91.35%, the average Shannon information index (I) was 0.4205, the average Nei's genetic diversity (H) was 0.2728 and the average effective number of alleles per locus (NE) was 1.4508. The results of cluster analysis based on UPGMA revealed the range of the similar coefficient between 23 germplasm was 0.3846-0.9519, and when similar coefficient was 0.66 the whole populations could be divided into 3 groups. The classification and evolution of wild Capparis L. germplasm resources were discussed and the theoretical basis for the distribution of the Capparis L. species was also provided.

  An Effective Method for Extracting Total RNA of Chrysanthemum 2011, 27 (25):  113-116.  Abstract + ( 1287 )   PDF ( 1566055KB )   ( 1391 ) Phenols, polysaccharide protein and other secondary metabolism substances existing in tissues or organs which influence total RNA extracting from Chrysanthemum. In this study, the total RNA from leaves. roots. shoots and flowers of Chrysanthemum were extracted by improved Trizol method and was detected by gel electrophorese and RT-PCR. The results showed that the total RNA were high purity and the strips of it was clear and complete. The A260/A280 detected by UV-Spectroscopic was 2.08-2.19. Partial gene of Actin was achieved by RT-PCR from leaves. The improved Trizol method was quick and efficiency for extracting total RNA from Chrysanthemum. It was a common method to isolate total RNA from different tissues and organs of Chrysanthemum.

  Chemical Control Abilities of 15 Kinds of Herbicides on the Seedlings and Mature Plants of Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) 2011, 27 (25):  117-120.  Abstract + ( 1361 )   PDF ( 1495249KB )   ( 1167 ) In order to selecte effective herbicides against ragweed, the chemical control abilities of 15 kinds of postemergence herbicides was tested on the seedling and mature stage of potted ragweed. The results showed that 4 kinds of no selective herbicides i.e. Glyphosate, Glufosinate, Paraquat and Hexazinone had superior effect on ragweed control in both stages, but Glyphosate and Glufosinate were more effective to mature plants than Paraquat and Hexazinone. Among 11 selective herbicides, Lactofen, Triclopyr, Oxyfluorfen, Bentazone, MCPA-Na, 2,4-D butylate, Fluroxypyr and Dicamba also had a good control ability to seedling stage of ragweed. However, only Lactofen and Triclopyr showed a perfect effect on mature plants. Thifensulfuron-methyl, Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and Tribenuron-methyl didn’t show desirable results on ragweed control. It demonstrated that the sensitivity of seedlings and mature plants of ragweed to postemergence herbicides was very different.

  Study on the Contents of Several Kinds of Nutritional Matter and NO3-N in Ximao Yam 2011, 27 (25):  121-126.  Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 1584883KB )   ( 798 ) To explore the quality differences of yam among varieties, five local yam varieties were collected. The nutritional matter such as soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C were analyzed, and the NO3-N was also detected. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C and NO3-N among the varieties. No any one of these varieties demonstrated the complete superiority in those matter content. The higher contents of soluble sugar were TG (44.0 mg/g) and JP (38.2 mg/g) which were significantly higher than those of other varieties, and there no significant difference between themselves. The highest content of soluble protein was TG (11.27 mg/g), and significantly higher than JX, XC and NT. But there was no significant difference between TG and JP (8.09 mg/g). The highest contents of VC were TG (7.64 mg/100 g) and JP (7.11 mg/100 g) which were very significantly higher than those of other varieties. The lowest contents of NO3-N were TG (404.7 μg/g) and XC (647.1 μg/g), and were very significantly lower than those of other varieties. The role of seedling age at those indexes was also analyzed, and it was found that the contents of soluble protein and NO3-N were influenced by seedling age. The better was 1a seedling. Meanwhile, the relation of those matter in yam was analyzed too, and the results showed that there were significantly positive correlation between the content of VC and that of soluble sugar (r=0.7883), soluble protein (r=0.6518) respectively. There was significantly negative correlation between the content of soluble protein and NO3-N (r=-0.54). These results provided scientific basis for yam breeding.

  Effect of Intercropping and Nitrogen Regulation on Nitrate Accumulation in Soil Profiles and the Apparent Loss of Nitrogen of Vegetable 2011, 27 (25):  127-132.  Abstract + ( 1119 )   PDF ( 1553270KB )   ( 1001 ) Vegetables with different root depth have different nutrient uptake characters. In this research, a field experiment with different cropping system, intercropping and monocropping, and different nitrogen fertilization was conducted to study the effect on temporal and spatial dynamic of soil nitrate, and the apparent loss of nitrogen. This study chose eggplant and green onion as experimental crops which as the deep and the shallow root vegetable respectively. The results showed that the soil nitrate accumulation and migration of the intercropping treatments were less than the monoculture under the fertilizer optimizing conditions. It showed that intercropping can prevent nitrate leaching effectively and reduce the amount of nitrate. Under the conditions of intercropping cultivation, fertilizer optimizing treatments reduce the soil nitrate content, especially in the deep soil layer. The nitrate content of the optimizing treatment was lower than the conventional fertilization significantly during the whole growing period. The nitrate accumulation of the fertilizer optimizing area was also lower than the normal one in the whole soil profile. The apparent loss of nitrogen can be reduced by using intercropping or fertilizer optimizing management.

  A Study of Effect of Ozone-biological Activated Carbon Process in Treating Circulating Water of Factory Germination Process 2011, 27 (25):  133-137.  Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 1652485KB )   ( 1278 ) In order to study the effect of ozone-biological activated carbon process in removing organism and part of the inorganic of circulating water of factory germination process, and the impact of different kinds of water on the characteristics of bean sprouts, the author simulated factory germination process, utilized various water for cultivating bean sprouts. Then the water quality and the characteristics of bean sprouts were analyzed with the methods of correlation and variance analysis. The results showed that ozone-biological activated carbon process was very effective. The average removal rates of total phosphorus, COD, total organic carbon were 50.90%, 60.19%, 67.51% respectively. Among the inorganic, the average removal rates of iron, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, phosphate were 80.68%, 22.84%, 55.17%, 21.46%, 42.67% respectively. The sprouts yield, length of hypocotyl, diameter of hypocotyl and length of root correlated significantly negative with the content of total phosphorus, COD, total organic carbon, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate of the circulating water (P<0.01). Ozone-biological activated carbon process was very effective in removing organism and part of the inorganic of circulating water of factory germination process. All the indexes completely met the new drinkable water standard of China. Circulating water and its purified water lowered the characteristics of bean sprouts to some extent. The impact of different kinds of water on the qualities of bean sprouts was significant.

  Influence of Exogenous Chitosan on Germination and Seeding Growth of Lettuce 2011, 27 (25):  138-141.  Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 1524937KB )   ( 810 ) The research aimed to study the effect of exogenous chitosan of different quality density on lettuce seed germination under high temperature stress. This experiment adopted exogenous chitosan of different quality density to deal with the lettuce seeds and carries out the heat sprouting. The test counted the seed germination rate and the seeding height, the fresh weight and the root length of the seedling. The test measured the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and MDA content. The results have shown that lettuce seeds were treated with 30-120 mg/L of exogenous chitosan could increase the seeds germination rate, germination energy, the seeding height, the root length and the fresh weight than of the control. The activity of SOD, CAT and POD increased firstly and then decreased, the content of MDA was lower than that in control, and 60mg/L of exogenous chitosan treatment can get the optimum effect.

  The Preliminary Analysis on Occurring Factor of Processing Tomato Early Blight in Xinjiang 2011, 27 (25):  142-146.  Abstract + ( 1307 )   PDF ( 1506980KB )   ( 820 ) The study was to research the influence of different processing tomato varieties, different seeding time, different plant pattern and meteorological factor to processing tomato early blight diseasing under field. The results showed that the principal reason of processing tomato early blight seriously occurring were most processing tomato varieties were susceptible and highly susceptible. When seed sowed in April 25 and seedling transplanting in May 10, processing tomato early blight seriously occurring and the disease index were 88.33 and 76.66 respectively. When seed sowing and seedling transplanting were planted in May 9, different seedling transplanting treatment had highly disease index than different seed sowing treatment respectively and all treatment mulching methods increase the disease index than natural planting. The method that plastic film covered then covered with straw had highest diseased, the disease index were 45. The higher daily average temperature in May and higher rainfall had caused processing tomato early blight seriously occurring.

  Study on the Developmental Simulation Model of Pleurotus eryngii 2011, 27 (25):  147-152.  Abstract + ( 1235 )   PDF ( 1693987KB )   ( 1117 ) So as to increase yield and improve quality of Pleurotus eryngii, the study was performed for constructing growth model of P. eryngii by the method of growing degree days. Large amount of data were collected, including temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration and morphological data of fruit body under facility cultivation condition. By investigating the collected data, virtual dynamic growth models for the cap diameter and fruit body length were constructed, and were verified by experimental data. It was indicated that Weibull function （R=0.9990）and (R=0.9989) had the best fitting performance, and could reflect growth characteristics of P. eryngii. Furthermore, it was found that, the growth of fruit body length and cap of P. eryngii basically fit single S growth curve, and the growth of fruit body was finite.

  Optimizing Conditions of Preparing Pleurotus nebrodensiss Protoplast 2011, 27 (25):  153-157.  Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 3746151KB )   ( 780 ) The optimal conditions for the lywallzyme hydrolysis of the cultured monocaryon mycelia of Pleurotus nebrodensiss for protoplast production were investigate by single factor and orthogonal array design methods. The results showed that the highest production rate of the protoplast was emerged under the conditions that 7 days old liquid mycelium in the enzyme solution of 2% lywallzyme digested for 150 min at temperature of 27℃ with 0.6 mol/L mannitol as osmotic pressure stabilizer. Theoretical base for studying the protoplast fusion and transgenic of Pleurotus nebrodensiss was provided.

  Studies on Enzymatic Properties of Laccase from auricularia 2011, 27 (25):  158-161.  Abstract + ( 1319 )   PDF ( 1545412KB )   ( 864 ) Collecting laccase from the fermentation liquid of auricularia and studying the enzymatic properties in the experiment can provide worthful theory data for application of laccase. Laccase liquid is prepared by (NH4)2SO4 fractional precipitation and dialysis. By using spectrophotometry and choosing ABTS [2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], the activity of laccase can be determined. The results showed that when the laccase was insulated below 55℃, the relative activity and thermal stability was good. The optimal temperature was 45℃. It could be inhibited when the temperature was above 65℃. The optimal pH was 4.0. It could be inhibited when the pH was above 6.5. Metal ions could inhibit or enhance the activity of laccase.

  The Study on Increasing Activity of Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and Phenols Accumulation Induced by Sugar in Peach Fruit 2011, 27 (25):  162-167.  Abstract + ( 1122 )   PDF ( 1672805KB )   ( 1040 ) In order to evaluate the direct relationship between G6PDH and phenylpropanoid metabolism, several kinds of sugars, including products of G6PDH, 6-phosphategluconate and sucrose were tested as to whether they enhance activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and total flavonoids production in the tissue incubation system. The results indicated that the activity of PAL in fruit with sucrose, glucose, glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphategluconate incubation increased, and in concert on accumulation of total phenols and total flavonoids. However, 2-deoxyglucose and mannitol, which were inefficiently metabolized, had no effect on PAL activity and amount of phenols.

  Correlation Analysis on Fruit Quality and Leaves Nutrition and Soil Nutrient in Apple Orchard of Shandong Province 2011, 27 (25):  168-172.  Abstract + ( 1386 )   PDF ( 1543926KB )   ( 1300 ) In order to study the relationship between growth status of apple and Shandong soil condition deeply, and guide fertilization scientifically, ‘Red Fuji’ was used as samples, and the correlation among leaf mineral elements, fruit quality and soil elements were studied in 48 apple orchards of Shandong Province in this thesis. The results showed that: the correlation among the mineral elements, the content of soluble sugar and titratable acid in leaf and fruit and the mineral elements in soil were significant. The correlation of fruit shape index and the 13 kinds of mineral elements were significant. In addition to effective boron, the correlation between individual fruit weight and 11 kinds of soil traits was significant positive level. The correlation of apple smooth finish and soil available boron were significant, furthermore, with other related indexes highly significant. The correlation between fruit hardness and soil organic matter and pH was highly negatively significant, with the effective calcium and iron content reached negatively significant. The correlation between soluble solids content and soil total salt was the biggest, the correlation coefficient reached 0.643. Therefore, people should notice apply more fertilizer of trace elements in Shandong apple orchard.

  Study on the Inheritance of Some Fruit Characters in ‘kuerlexiangli’Pear 2011, 27 (25):  173-177.  Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 1378821KB )   ( 874 ) Korla pear has been a well-known variety in China for a long time, but it has some defects such as small fruit size and large core. In order to maintain its good quality and overcome its shortcomings, cross breeding using Korla pear as the parent has been carried out since 1971. 351 seedlings of 6 pear cross combinations were used for studying the trends of inheritance for the main characters of pear fruit by analyzing the characters of the parents and their progenies. The results showed that the inheritance of fruit shape and flesh texture of the hybrid progenies was mainly trended to their parentage by 68.09% and 51.38% respectively. The fruit size of pear is a quantitative character, and the size of progenies appeared wide segregation. Most of the progenies have a smaller size and the heritability of each combination ranged from 68.91% to 117.51%, the average of which was 93.11%. The soluble solids content (SSC) of pear fruits presented the quantitative character, and the sexual progenies showed wide segregation. The average heritability of each combination was 97.49%.

  Research Progress in Control Technology of Diaphorina citri 2011, 27 (25):  178-181.  Abstract + ( 1365 )   PDF ( 1375547KB )   ( 1897 ) Control of Diaphorina citri is the key component of integrated control for citrus huanglongbing. This review summarized control technology of Diaphorina citri, including field management, chemical control, and biological control and so on. Furthermore, the development trend of control of Diaphorina citri was discussed. This paper was aimed to provide theoretical references and technical supports for prevention and control of Diaphorina citri and citrus huanglongbing.

  The Characteristics of Soil Microbial Biomass and Protozoa in Beijing Chestnut Orchards 2011, 27 (25):  182-187.  Abstract + ( 1076 )   PDF ( 1513611KB )   ( 808 ) In order to investigate the soil biological characteristics in Beijing chestnut orchards and evaluate their roles in soil available nutrients, the authors collected 24 surface soil samples from different chestnut orchards of Beijing and analyzed soil microbial biomass C, P and protozoa. The results showed that soil microbial biomass C ranged from 33.21-128.55 mg/kg, 90.63 mg/kg on average. Most soils had smaller than 100 mg/kg of microbial biomass C. Soil microbial biomass P was 3.41-14.92 mg/kg, means 8.63 mg/kg, most soils from 5 to 10 mg/kg. Turnover of soil microbial biomass could meet the requirement of chestnut plant for P, but not N. These soils contained a number of flagellata, but a small quantity of ciliates and amoeba.

  Bioactivities of Extracts from Six Species Plants to the Bactrocera dorsalis 2011, 27 (25):  188-192.  Abstract + ( 1405 )   PDF ( 1620296KB )   ( 826 ) Extracted from 6 species plants by supercritical fluid CO2, Piper nigrum, Acorus calamus, Acorus tatarinowii, Phellodendron amurense, Nelumbo nucifera, Rhus chinensis, were evaluated as contact effect and stomach poisoning activity to the oriental fruit fly adults. The results indicated that Piper nigrum, Acorus calamus and Acorus tatarinowii had stronger contact effect to the adults, at 103.95 μg/cm2 treatment after 2 hours, the corrected mortality rates were 100%, 96.67%, 96.67%. Farther studied contact toxicity of extracts of these three species plants, the result indicated Piper nigrum had the strongest effect, the LC50 was 0.25 mg/mL. The contact effects of Phellodendron amurense and Rhus chinensis were less strong, Nelumbo nucifera had no contact effect to the adults. On the study of stomach poisoning activity, Piper nigrum had the strongest effect, at 1.5 mg/mL treatment after 96 hours, the corrected mortality rate was 84.44%, Acorus calamus was 23.33%, Acorus tatarinowii was 26.67%.

  Bioinformatics Analysis of AMT Protein Family in Grape 2011, 27 (25):  193-199.  Abstract + ( 1303 )   PDF ( 1800465KB )   ( 988 ) 12 AMT proteins were identified in grape genome by searching the protein database using Hidden Markov model (HMM) scan strategy. Using bioinformatics methods, genome localizations of 12 VvAMTs were analyzed firstly, and then predicted their amino acid composition, physical and chemical characteristics, as well as secondary structures. Meanwhile the relation of AMT gene family between Vitis vinifera, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Populus trichocarpa was assayed. Genetic mapping of AMT genome localization found that they could be distributed on six chromosomes, which locations were more focus than their in Arabidopsis thaliana. 12 VvAMTs sequences could be divided into two sub-families, AMT1 sub-family had three members, and the rest belonged to AMT2 sub-family. The research still found that the amino acid number and sequence hydrophobic in 12 members of AMT gene family presented some differences. Furthermore, the main composition of 12 amino acid sequences were alpha helix and random coil via secondary structure predicted. Structural analysis of extrons and introns showed that only two members of VvAMT family had no intron, others had one, two, three or four introns. Protein subcellular localization analysis showed that all members of VvAMT were located in the membrane structure. EST analysis of VvAMT displayed that only five members had corresponding EST sequences, and only two members among them had a corresponding electronic expression profiles.

  Degradation Dynamic and Residue Determination of Forchlorfenuron in Facilities Muskmelon 2011, 27 (25):  200-204.  Abstract + ( 1171 )   PDF ( 1549126KB )   ( 1013 ) In order to systematically study residues and degradation rules of forchlorfenuron in facilities muskmelon, and promote safety to production, a residue analytical method has been developed for the determination of forchlorfenuron in facilities muskmelon by screening sample preparation methods and equipment chromatographic conditions. At the same time, the degradation and residue of forchlorfenuron in facilities muskmelon were studied by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the recoveries were 92.6%-110%, and the relative standard deviations of the method were 0.00%-7.32%. The minimum detectable concentration of forehlorfenuron was 0.006 mg/kg and the minimum detectable amount of forehlorfenuron was 1.2×10-10 g, and the linear relationship was obtained in this method (r=0.9997). The degradation rate of forchlorfenuron in facilities muskmelon was fast with half-life of 1.52 days. No forchlorfenuron residue was detected in facilities muskmelon with a harvest withholding period of 52 days after the treatments (＜0.006 mg/kg) and lower than 0.01 mg/kg (MRL value). So it was safe to dip application of 20-30 a.i. mg/kg water on female flowers opening in the same day or 2-3 days before flowering.

  Preliminary Study on the Absorption and Utilization of Exogenous Inorganic Iodine in Watermelon 2011, 27 (25):  205-209.  Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 1378348KB )   ( 876 ) The absorption and utilization of exogenous inorganic iodine in watermelon was studied through fertilizing inorganic iodine in field. Meanwhile, the effect of exogenous iodine on the growth of watermelon was also investigated in this paper. The results indicated that iodine could be absorbed by watermelon plant from root, and accumulated in root, stem, leaves, fruit peel and fruit pulp. The ability of iodine absorption and accumulation had significant differences in different parts of watermelon. The concentration of iodine in watermelon plant ranked as: root>stem>leaves>fruit peel>fruit pulp, and this distribution ability was similar between potassium iodide treatment and potassium iodate treatment. The iodine concentration of fruit pulp was 3.23-28.94 times with different inorganic iodine treatments compared with control treatment. The application of inorganic iodine source in soil had no influence on watermelon normal growth, fruit output and fruit quality.

  Effect of Ferment Filtrate of Bacillus subtilis strain B68 on Pathogenic Enzyme of Fusarium semitectum 2011, 27 (25):  210-214.  Abstract + ( 1130 )   PDF ( 1537152KB )   ( 770 ) With a view to determining variance of pathogenic enzyme and effect of ferment filtrate of Bacillus subtilis strain B68 on pathogenic enzyme, activities of the cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) produced by Fusarium semitectum both in vitro and in vivo were studied. High activities of pectin esterase, pectin, pectic lyases, cellulose and no pectic hydrolases were detected after green banana fruit were infected by F. semitectum. CWDEs activities released by F. semitectum in vitro were higher than those in vivo. By way of inducing culture in vitro, secretion of pectinases (PG、PMG、PME、PGTE、PMTE) and cellulases (Cx、β-glucosidase) produced by F. semitectum in vitro was significantly inhibited by ferment filtrate of Bacillus subtilis strain B68 in various concentration compared with CK. A scientific basis was provided when control of banana crown rot was used by Bacillus agents.

  The Effect of Bean Pulp Fermentation Broth on Control Banana Wilt Pathogenicity 2011, 27 (25):  215-218.  Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 1564020KB )   ( 765 ) The injured and un-injured root of banana seedlings were drenched with the bacterial broth of mixed, antagonist and non-antagonist which were isolated from the bean pulp fermentation bacterial broth for investigating the effect on control banana wilt pathogen-Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc4). The results showed that all of bacterial broth had varying degrees of effect in control banana wilt pathogenicity, in which, drenching roots with mixing bacterial broth had the best control effect at 94.3%, stimulating activities of Pro, SOD and POD, and also inhibited synthesis of MDA simultaneously.

  Detection of Viruses Co-infected Sugarcane by RT-PCR 2011, 27 (25):  219-223.  Abstract + ( 1277 )   PDF ( 2037436KB )   ( 939 ) Three sets of specific primers (SCMV-F/R, SrMV-F/R, SCYLV-F/R) for each virus based on the CP gene sequence of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) and sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV). Total RNA was extracted from sugarcane leaf with mosaic and yellow leaf symptom. The expected 850 bp and 630 bp fragment was amplified by RT-PCR with SrMV-F/R and SCYLV-F/R, respectively. Sequence analysis indicated 850 bp segment shared identities of 95% homologus with SrMV isolates from Xiangshan, Linping and Yuhang in Zhejiang Province (GenBank accession numbers AJ310194, AJ310195 and AJ310198). 630 bp segment shared identities of 99% homologus with SCYLV isolates from Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian (GenBank accession numbers GU190165, GU190162, GU190159). Sequence analysis confirmed the sugarcane was co-infected by SrMV and SCYLV. A double RT-PCR was applied to detecting SrMV and SCYLV base on single RT-PCR. Sensibility test showed it could simultaneously detect out SrMV and SCYLV from 10-6 g sugarcane leafs infected by virus. It was proved simple, rapid and sensitive for detection of SrMV and SCYLV.

  Affect on the Population of Tarsonemid mites and Its Natural Enemies Phytoseiid mites in Collar-pruning Tea Garden Interplanting with Ageratum conyzoides 2011, 27 (25):  229-234.  Abstract + ( 1538 )   PDF ( 1508776KB )   ( 753 ) Ecological space getting smaller, new shoots fast growing, tender leaf which cause harmful organism hazards collar-pruning tea garden. To improve the temperature and humidity conditions of tea garden and the population of natural enemies Phytoseiid mites by interplanting with Ageratum conyzoides can attain the objective of control the mites by mites. Three different kings of cultivation model tea test zone were set in test collar-pruning tea garden. There were the test tea garden interplanting with Ageratum conyzoides (test zone A), the test tea garden interplanting with Cassia tora (test zone B) and the weed clearing tea garden (test zone C). From May onwards, when Ageratum conyzoides grew up to 10-15 cm high, the growth and decline rate of Tarsonemid mites and its natural enemies Phytoseiid mites in three different kings of cultivation model test tea zone were investigated. And the temperature and humidity of test tea garden were recorded from July to August. There were a peak of Phytoseiid mites in test zone of A and B especially in test zone A. The peak of Phytoseiid mites in test zone C wasn’t obvious. In the period of peak of Tarsonemid mites and its natural enemies Phytoseiid mites, the density of Tarsonemid mites was up to 6.6 every shoot, the density of Phytoseiid mites was only 0.13 every shoot in the test zone C; The density of Tarsonemid mites was 5.3 every shoot, the density of Phytoseiid mites was 1.26 every shoot in the test zone B; In the test zone A the density of Tarsonemid mites was 2.1 every shoot, the density of Phytoseiid mites was 2.48 every shoot. In July and August, the average air temperature of test zone A and B reduced 2.57-2.84℃ and the average relative humidity increase 12%-13% in compared with test zone C. The biology-covering measure of interplanting with Ageratum conyzoides in collar-pruning tea garden can improve the microclimate of tea garden, provide food for Phytoseiid mites, create a living environment which is beneficial to increase the population of Phytoseiid mites, build a good manual complex ecosystem of tea and Ageratum conyzoides, and promote the ecological control effect of controlling mites with mites.

  The Determining of Uncertainty Assessment of Panax Notoginseng Saponins 2011, 27 (25):  235-239.  Abstract + ( 1034 )   PDF ( 1602276KB )   ( 835 ) The uncertainty of panax notoginseng saponins was analyzed by spectrophotometric method, in order to find the factors that affect the uncertainty and provide basis for improving determination methods and evaluating test reports. The panax notoginseng saponins was determined by spectrophotometry and the uncertainty was assessed according to JJF 1059—1999 Uncertainty Assessment and Expression. A mathematical model was established and the end-result of each component was found out. According to the experimental determination, estimating of class A is caused by repeatability influence. Relative uncertainty of 0.00296 has been obtained through statistical analysis of observation column by many parallel determinations in this article. Quality components, volume components and spectrophotometer absorbance components were included in estimating of class B，Relative uncertainty of 0.00321. The uncertainty has been calculated through standard curve regression equation and was caused by standard curve fitting. The calculation of relative uncertainty was obtained for . According to the analysis, this assessment uncertainty of 0.22% was described. This method had certain accuracy and can meet the requirement determination. In this uncertainty evaluation, uncertainty components, caused by weighing scales and method of measurement repetitive, had a significant contribution to synthetic uncertainty.

  Effect of Potassium Fertilizer on Cabbage Yield and Quality in Lead Pollution Soils 2011, 27 (25):  240-244.  Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 1500743KB )   ( 659 ) In order to explore the role of potassium fertilizer in safe vegetable production under lead pollution soils condition, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different potassium fertilizers (potassium sulphate and potassium chloride) on cabbage yield, nutritional quality and safety quality (nitrate and heavy metals) in lead pollution soils. Results indicated that the yield and roots weight of cabbage were significantly increased by the fertilized treatments by 9.5%-48.4% compared to the CK1. Application of potassium fertilizer could significantly reduce amino acid and Vc content in cabbage, but increase the content of the reducing sugar in it. The nitrate content of cabbage was increased in lead contaminated soil and reduced by 15.3%-54.6% in potassium fertilizer treatments. Potassium sulphate could significantly reduce the lead content of cabbage. Lead content of cabbage was increased by the low dosage of potassium chloride and the others significantly decreased in low lead contaminated soil.

  Study on Inclusion Compound of Apigenin with Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin 2011, 27 (25):  245-249.  Abstract + ( 1074 )   PDF ( 1575144KB )   ( 817 ) In order to obtain a more suitable preparation process of apigenin with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, technology of inclusion was researched. The inclusion rate was an index, the effects of reaction process was inquired by reactant ratio, ethanol concentration, reaction time and temperature. Then, the most suitable technology of inclusion compound of apigenin with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was optimized by orthogonal design. The best technology of inclusion compound of apigenin with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as follows: reactant ratio of apigenin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was 1:3, ethanol concentration was 50%, reaction time, temperature was 1 h at 50℃. The optimum result was achieved at this condition and the inclusion rate of 42.8% was gained. Through exploring to different inclusion methods and different inclusion conditions, a suitable inclusion compound of apigenin with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin preparation process was obtained, and some theoretical basis was provided to the application development of apigenin.

  The Effect of Reducing Fertilizer Application on Tomato Production, Quality and Soil Nitrate in Chaohu Lake Basin 2011, 27 (25):  250-255.  Abstract + ( 1144 )   PDF ( 1577796KB )   ( 756 ) In order to research the feasibility of moderate reduction fertilization in Chaohu Lake basin, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of reducing fertilizer with amino acids in water-soluble fertilizer and trace element fertilizer application on tomato production, quality and NPK absorption. The results showed that: reducing fertilizer with amino acids in water-soluble fertilizer and trace element fertilizer was not only to ensure stable production of tomato, but also played an active role in promoting to tomato taste and growth. Compared with custom fertilization, 85% fertilizer, 75% fertilizer could make tomato production increase, the rate separately were 24.3%, 3.8%, the rate which 65% fertilizer made the production down was 8.2%; it could make the nitrate content in tomato fruit reduce, the percentage separately were 9.01%, 6.12%, 10.44%. The rate which made the nitrate content down in 0-20 cm soil horizon after tomato harvest separately were 58.34%, 15.00%, 40.99%; the ratio which made the available P content lower in 0-20 cm soil horizon after tomato harvest separately were 32.04%, 31.72%, 30.69%. 85% fertilizer had the best treatment effect, achieved the purpose of tomato yield and reduced the nutrient loss.

  Tomato Planting Programming Using Simplex Method 2011, 27 (25):  256-260.  Abstract + ( 1254 )   PDF ( 1463805KB )   ( 908 ) Simplex method is used in this paper to build a mathematical model between tomato planting area and ketchup output in solving the imbalance between tomato planting and processing. It is proposed that the output of ketchup should be maximized through planning sound proportion of different kinds of tomatoes. A certain ketchup factory in Xinjiang and the local tomato output are taken as the examples to certify the optimum planting scheme can be raised in this way. Planning in the agricultural cultivation of the method has application value and practical significance.

  Activity Changes of Several Extracellular Enzyme During the Growth Period of Tricholoma giganteum 2011, 27 (25):  261-265.  Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 1556506KB )   ( 767 ) In order to understand the secretion feature of Tricholoma giganteum, the strain Tr0005 and Tr0013 were determined their extracellular enzyme activity during the growth period by spectrophotometry. The activity peaks of extracellular CMCase, FPase, β-glucosidase, HCase, pectinase and protease were at the time when the fruit body matured (more than 29 U、4 U、21 U、196 U、28 U and 40 U). The activity of extracellular amylase was at high level at the early stage of mycelium growth (more than 10 U), and gradually declined during the stage of physiological maturity. The activities of extracellular laccase and polyphenol oxidase were at high level at the stage of mycelium growth (more than 65 U and 54 U), and decreased gradually after primordium formation. Different strains can influence the magnitude of extracellular enzyme activity, but they had the same change law.

  The Different Percentage of Culture Medium to Nutritional Quality of Agaricus bisporus 2011, 27 (25):  266-269.  Abstract + ( 1116 )   PDF ( 1516708KB )   ( 728 ) In order to explore the different percentage of culture medium to the nutritional quality of the Agaricus bisporus, enlarge the range of culture medium. Using new-type culture medium “Tu Cola” No.6 cultivating Agaricus bisporus, the experiment was set up 6 treatments, which traditional fecal and grass culture medium as contrast, each treatment was made 5 repeats，surveying the indicators of fruit body protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, the content of ash and calcium etc.. The result showed that the treatment of contained 50% “Tu Cola” No.6 medium was better than other ones, and its fruit body quality was the best, what were the highest protein content, the lowest fat content, the middle content of carbohydrate, calcium contents, crude fiber and ash. The protein content of fruit body, cultivated in fecal and grass medium, was secondly, but the crude fat content was highest. And the fruit body quality of the treatments contained 30% and 100% “Tu Cola” No.6 medium was worst than other ones, the other treatments were the middle-level. This showed that addition an amount of “Tu Cola” No.6 medium could improve fruit body nutritional quality for Agaricus bisporus.

  Effects of Liming on Foliar of the Peach Tree in Brown-red Soil of South Hubei Province 2011, 27 (25):  270-276.  Abstract + ( 1114 )   PDF ( 1609381KB )   ( 722 ) In this paper, the 4-year-old peach tree (Amygdalus persica ‘Jingchun’) in the orchard on brown-red soil of south Hubei Province was used as experimental materials. The foliar nutrient and chlorophyll contents of peach tree were studied, in which the different rates of lime (Ca(OH)2) incorporated into the soil. Then path analysis was used to investigate the relationships between foliar nutrients and chlorophyll under the condition of liming. The results were as follows: The incorporated lime treatment can improve the content of foliar total Ca and reduce the contents of foliar total P and Zn during the initial stage. During the growing seasons of leaves, the content of total Mn was significantly reduced in the incorporated lime treatment, but there was no change for total Mg, Cu content. The contents of foliar total K, Fe were increased in low lime consumption treatment and decreased in high lime consumption treatment. In April and August, the content of leaves chlorophyll was increased in the incorporated lime treatment, but with low peak in June (the middle growth stage of leaves). Path analysis indicated that it was beneficial to improve the content of leaves chlorophyll under the condition of liming based on controlled the content of foliar P, while improved the contents of foliar Zn and N. Therefore, it was very essential to combine with Zn fertilizer under the condition of liming in the peach orchard with brown-red soil.

  SStudy on a Quick and Accurate Method to Forecast Maturity of Brazilian Cavendish Banana 2011, 27 (25):  277-282.  Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 1413958KB )   ( 676 ) Under two different kinds of nutrient management systems, a field experiment by taking tissue-cultured plant of Brazilian Cavendish banana (Musa AAA Giant Cavendish ‘Brazil’) as seedling was conducted to establish a fast and accurately quantitative method to forecast the fruit maturity by determination and comparison of finger length, girth and fresh weight as well as the ratio of peel to pulp of every hand per fruit bunch, and by observation the percentage of inflorescence emergence and harvested plants of every treatment at weekly intervals. The results showed that the finger length of banana increased progressively with time, and the same were true for the finger girth, weight and ratio of pulp to peel in fresh weight. The finger length and weight appeared to be variable among hands, but the finger girth stable, which all were significantly affected by nutrient management system and could not be used to forecast maturity of Brazilian Cavendish banana. The date of harvest was considerably influenced by the nutrient management system as well. However, there was no significant difference of the ratio of pulp to peel at harvest either among the 1st to 3rd hands or among the 4th to 6th hands under both nutrient management systems. Therefore, the ratio value of pulp to peel could be used as a quantitative index to judge the fruit maturity of Brazilian Cavendish banana. When the average ratio value reached either 1.65 for the 1st to 3rd hands or 1.54 for the 4th to 6th hands, the 75% fruit maturity was obtained.

  Control of Temperature and Light Intensity during Test-tube Seedling Production of Musa ABB Pisang Awak 2011, 27 (25):  283-287.  Abstract + ( 1096 )   PDF ( 1591806KB )   ( 780 ) The effects of temperature and light intensity on the test-tube seedling production of Musa ABB Pisang Awak were studied in order to solve the problems such as low proliferation efficiency and low seedling quality. The results showed that temperature had significant effects on bud proliferation. The bud proliferation rate was the highest and the bud length was longest, fresh weight was the biggest; the grade of browning was the lowest at 32℃ constant temperature. Bud proliferation rate was significantly increased, browning rate significantly reduced, the quality of the proliferation buds apparently improved when buds incubated at stage variable temperature compared to at 32℃ constant temperature. All rooting rates were 100% under different culture temperature and light. The effects of light intensity, temperature and interaction of light and temperature on tube seedling growth were significant. 26℃ and 500-1250 lx favored root formation and growth; at the range from 500 lx to 1250 lx, the height of seedlings was increased with the increase of light intensity; the interaction effect of high and temperature on leaf number was extremely significant, leaf number of seedling was the highest under 26℃ and 1250 lx light intensity.

  A Study on Flowering Regulation of Dimocarpus longan ‘Si Jimi’ 2011, 27 (25):  288-293.  Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 1506334KB )   ( 734 ) To regulate the blooming in out of season and concentrated flowering. Dimocarpus longan ‘Si Jimi’ was chose as the materials to study the effects of springtime pruning, growth of the basic branch unit of bearing shoot and growth regulators on flower formation. The result showed, it needed 93.3-156.1 d for the bearing base shoot unit to develop from pruning to the second or third shoots turn green, when it was mature enough to form flower bud. Treat with paclobutrazol (PP333), ethrel and cytokinin during the periods of young shoots turn green. There were 17 treatments in this experimentation, all of the treatment can induce Dimocarpus longan ‘Si Jimi’ flowering. The flowering rates of top shoot were 55.1%-98.4%, and the tidiness rates of flower formation were 92.1%-100.0%. According to the experiment results, treat the materials with 75 mg/L PP333 and 142.8 mg/L ethrel combine solution during the periods of young shoots turn green, 37.5 mg/L PP333 and 142.8 mg/L ethrel when the top having bud, and 25.5 mg/L PP333 if the shoots flushing were recommended.

  Humus Composition of Different Types of Tobacco-growing Soil in Zhangjiajie 2011, 27 (25):  294-299.  Abstract + ( 1148 )   PDF ( 1552699KB )   ( 757 ) By means of field surveying, sampling and laboratory analyzing, it studied the contents, composition and properties of humus of 5 different tobacco-planting soil types in Zhangjiajie. The results showed that: the carbon content of humic acid was: yellow soil>paddy soil>rendzina>red soil>purple soil; the carbon content of fulvic acid was: yellow soil>paddy soil>red soil>rendzina>purple soil; the carbon content of humin was: rendzina>yellow soil>paddy soil>red soil>purple soil; the ratio HA/FA of 5 soil types was: rendzina>purple soil>paddy soil>red soil>yellow soil. The carbon content of loosely-combined humus was: yellow soil>rendzina>paddy soil>red soil>purple soil; the carbon content of tightly-combined humus was: rendzina>yellow soil>paddy soil>red soil>purple soil; the carbon content of stably-combined humus was: red soil>rendzina>yellow soil>paddy soil>purple soil; the ratio of loosely-combined humus/tightly-combined humus of 5 soil types was: purple soil>red soil>paddy soil>yellow soil>rendzina. These showed that humus in yellow soil was the richest; the quality of humus in purple soil was the best. The content and quality of humus in paddy soil or rendzina were moderate; red soil was the poorest. Each component of humus and soil organic matter was correlated significantly. The content of humic acid or loosely-combined humus would be used as an indicator of fertility in tobacco-growing soil.

  The Analysis of the Trinity Planning of Eco-agricultural Tourism Park 2011, 27 (25):  300-306.  Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 1727275KB )   ( 1317 ) Eco-agricultural tourism park is different with the common city park, so it has the own unique design methods. This paper emphasized key part of eco-agricultural tourism park, which started from landscape, industry and tourism, and worked on landscape planning, industry planning and recreation planning on eco-agricultural tourism park. It analyzed the trinity planning of eco-agricultural tourism park. This paper embodied theoretical and practical instructions to perfect the theory framework and to explore methods of the planning of eco-agricultural tourism park.

  Ecological Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Countermeasures of Rock Cliff Landscape in Baiguoshan Garden of World Park and Garden Fair in 2014 of Qingdao, China 2011, 27 (25):  307-311.  Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 4000692KB )   ( 826 ) There are 6 rock cliffs of granite on hills in Baiguoshan garden of world park and garden fair of Qingdao in 2014, the rock cliffs are formed by long-term granite exploiting for construction. When constructing the Baiguoshan garden, the 6 rock cliffs are divided into 2 types, one type is the rock cliffs with slope less than 70°, the other type is the rock cliffs with slope more than 70°. The author put forwards different ecological rehabilitation and reconstruction countermeasures of the 2 kinds of rock cliff landscape by following the principles of feasibility, locality and aesthetics. The ecological rehabilitation and reconstruction countermeasures of the rock cliff with slope less than 70° include backfilling hew stone holes, planting green by drilling, renewing green by nesting, and so on. While the ecological rehabilitation and reconstruction countermeasures of the rock cliff with slope more than 70° include vertical greening by using bulut veil-mat, constructing man-made planting groove combining nourishment groove on upside of slope, constructing man-made falling water landscape, constructing man-made spray landscape, using sculpture technique, and so on.

  Research on the Recreation Behavior of Wanlvyuan Park in Haikou Xu Xiansheng 2011, 27 (25):  312-316.  Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 1493504KB )   ( 722 ) Based on the preliminary investigation of recreation behavior of visitors in the Wanlvyuan park, the thesis analyzed the usage of Wanlvyuan park. Through the form of questionnaires, in-depth interviews and behavior observations, the thesis analyzed recreation behavior in the park, the results showed that the Wanlvyuan park as an comprehensive city park can attract tourists to come here, it was used mainly by the elderly, their mainly activities in the park were recreational activities and recreational exercise, Dissatisfaction on the park was embodied in several aspects, for example, inadequate infrastructure, incomplete entertainment and security risks.