Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.24 Published:25 September 2011

  23

  Advances of Researches in Plant-improvement of Saline-alkaline Soil 2011, 27 (24):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 1616 )   PDF ( 1444551KB )   ( 1564 ) With the tension of soil resources and population explosion, utilizing of saline-alkaline soil resources and how to improve saline-alkaline soil have become one of the major cosmopolitan issues. The reviews related to plant-improved measures of saline-alkaline soil focus on utilizing halophytes to improve saline-alkaline soil, intensive measures of saline-alkaline soil improvement by using halophytes and microbial-plant remediation of saline-alkaline soil. The research trends on saline-alkaline soil plant-improvement were prospected in the end, which provided vital information on studies and future development of saline-alkaline soil plant-improvement.

  Progress in the Study of Magnetosome 2011, 27 (24):  8-12.  Abstract + ( 1404 )   PDF ( 1461476KB )   ( 1192 ) Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are capable of forming nano-magnetite particles envelo- ped by a biological membrance in vivo, which are called magnetosome. The biosynthesis of magnetosome especially mechanisms of iron uptake and transport process with very strict controls. The crystallographic perfection of magnotosome has attracted interest in its use as magnetic nanoparticles in medical imaging, magnetic-mediated hyperthermia, drug delivery, and other fields. This paper reviews the magnetosome biomineralization mainly on the pathway of iron reaction and iron uptake transport system, describes the magnetosome in the application of the above and put forward the future directions.

  The Research of Grain Production Development and Spatial Distribution Change in China (1949-2009 Year) 2011, 27 (24):  13-20.  Abstract + ( 1328 )   PDF ( 3836457KB )   ( 1103 ) In order to reveal the development and overall trend of grain production in different times in China since 1949, and formulate reasonable development policy for the currently grain production, in this research, descriptive statistical, GIS and spatial analysis are used to analyzed the development and spatial distribution of grain production in the province level in China. The results show that: the total grain production, grain yield and the food production per capita of China follow the “growth–fluctuation- growth”, while the fluctuations in grain sown area showed a downward trend; When the proportion of the production is concerned, the rice is declining fluctuating, but it is still the highest in the proportion of food crops , the proportion of corn and wheat production is rising volatility; The study also revealed, the focus of grain production has shifted 148 km to the north-east direction in the region; The grain production is not only significant correlation between the space, grain production presented aggregated global spatial patterns at provincial level, gather effect is becoming more and more obvious.

  Analysis on Genetic Diversity of 49 Upland Rice Germplasm using RAMP Markers 2011, 27 (24):  21-28.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 3118111KB )   ( 876 ) Upland rice with drought tolerance, poor, and wide adaptability, is a special genetic resources of rice breeding. In order to make the better use of upland rice resources for rice breeding, 49 accessions of upland rice germplasm (25 accessions of Hainan shanlan upland rice, 4 accessions of hybrid rice, 20 accessions of others area upland rice) were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 22 primers were selected and used to establish the RAPD fingerprints of the germplasm. There were 375 bands of totle, 306 polymorphism bands and were accounting for 81.60%. The RAPD data were clustered using UPGMA method. The genetic similarity coefficients among 49 germplasm ranged from 0.546 to 0.952 with a mean of 0.828. Based on the difference of the similarity coefficient, the upland rice could be distinguished among Hainan shanlan upland rice and other areas of germplasm, upland and RD rice, upland rice of china and foreign. The similarity between the C class and the D class were the nearest, and followed by the Ⅰ class in the order from near to far. Clustering based on RAPD showed that the groupings of most cultivars were corresponded to their pedigrees. The study will provide molecular basis for the breeding, germplasm analysis of Upland Rice.

  QTL Mapping and Gene × Environment Interaction Analysis of Days to Heading in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 2011, 27 (24):  29-32.  Abstract + ( 1577 )   PDF ( 1519796KB )   ( 1424 ) Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and gene × environment interaction were used to research days to heading from a RIL (recombinant inbred lines) including 130 lines deriving from Milyang 46 and FJCD during the grain-filling. This research work carried in Wuyishan and Putian. In Wuyishan, only one additive QTL associated with days of heading were detected, located on chromosome 6, explained 25.63%; one QTL showed significant additive × environment interaction effect, while the contribution of GE interaction effect to phenotypic variation is almost to zero. In Putian, we got nothing with days to heading. This illustrates QTLs with days to heading have environmental specificity.

  Study on Water Sensitivity of Winter Wheat and Single-season Rice in Divided Period in Anhui Province 2011, 27 (24):  33-39.  Abstract + ( 1261 )   PDF ( 1597991KB )   ( 941 ) In order to improve the timeliness of drought disaster loss evaluation, and help us better adapt the needs of practical agrometeorological service. According to the correspondence relationship between crop’s growth phase and monthly calendar, the crop’s water dynamic variation was simulated using the data of crop growth period, yield and soil moisture from 1994 to 2002 in the main agro-meteorological observation stations of Anhui Province. Then crop’s responsive degree of water shortage to yield during all the growth phase in every ten days was obtained, and crop’s water sensitivity index in every ten days were calculated by using new calculation of Jensen model. Actual reducing outputs and calculated values were analyzed in typical dry areas and years in Anhui province. The results showed that it was mostly sensitive to water shortage in the critical period, such as from booting to heading-flowering stages of winter heat, and in heading stage of single-season rice. But it is mostly insensitive to water shortage in seeding and the middle and late mature period. The test results coincided with the facts. The calculated crop’s water sensitivity index in every ten days can be used as basis of crop’s drought damage evaluation service in Anhui Province.

  Fingerprinting Establishment of Maize Elite Inbred Lines and Hybrids by SSR Markers in Shandong Province 2011, 27 (24):  40-44.  Abstract + ( 1665 )   PDF ( 1845660KB )   ( 958 ) Establishment of fingerprinting is accurate and reliable basis for cultivar assessment and new plant variety protection. Thirty-five elite maize inbred lines and 19 hybrids were analyzed with 74 pairs of primers respectively by SSR markers to establish the standard DNA fingerprinting for seed test. Ten and 20 pairs of primers distributed on ten chromosomes in maize genome were finally screened to develop numbered fingerprinting of inbred lines and hybrids. There were 115 and 124 alleles in inbred lines and hybrids fingerprinting respectively. The probability for the fingerprinting of each line and hybrid was 3.13×10-11 and 5.59×10-25, which was feasible to be used in variety identification. The established fingerprinting had a tremendous potential in new variety assessment and intellectual property rights protection.

  Selection and Evaluation of Three Gossypium mustelinum Near-Isogenic Lines 2011, 27 (24):  45-49.  Abstract + ( 1365 )   PDF ( 1629990KB )   ( 923 ) In order to exploit elite genes from Gossypium mustelinum so as to improve fiber quality of Upland cotton (G. hirsutum), a set of advanced backcross population was constructed by interspecific crossing between G. mustelinum and G. hirsutum. Based on marker-assisted selection and identification of fiber quality performance, three near-isogenic lines (NILs) were selected from this set of advanced backcross population, which had almost the same genetic background as the recurrent G. hirsutum parent, except for a few introgression segments of G. mustelinum mainly distributed on chromosome 1, chromosome 14 and chromosome 19. The NILs had elite fiber strength and fiber fineness, which provided great opportunities to detect QTLs controlling fiber strength and micronaire value via fine mapping; meanwhile, these NILs could be released as germplasm to improve fiber strength and fineness in cotton breeding.

  Optimization of Detoxification Conditions of Cottonseed Cake by Solid-state Fermentation with Mixed Culture 2011, 27 (24):  50-56.  Abstract + ( 1249 )   PDF ( 1567061KB )   ( 1071 ) In order to obtain an effective and stable method, the collaborative solid-state fermentation for detoxification of cottonseed meal were processed by adding xylanase, cellulase and mannase, and the parameters of fermentation were optimized in the compound bacillus agent fermenting. The fermentation medium and detoxification conditions were optimized by single-factor test. Then, the optimum composition of the crucial factors of fermentation detoxification was optimized by orthogonal test. The test date was farther analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software. The appropriate conditions of solid fermentation for detoxification of cottonseed meal with the collaborative enzymes were as follows: cottonseed meal: wheat bran=90:10, (NH4)2SO4 1%, complex enzyme 40U/g substrate, fermentation temperature 40℃, the initial pH 6.0, moisture content 50%, the vaccination quantity 6% (W/V), 70 g solid medium in 250 mL triangular flask, fermentation time 6 days. Under the technique conditions, the removal rate of free gossypol reached 96.52%.

  Genetic Estimates for Fiber Quality Traits of Hybrids from Gossypium.Barbadense and Gossypium.Hirsutum 2011, 27 (24):  57-60.  Abstract + ( 1609 )   PDF ( 1351318KB )   ( 1179 ) In order to study genetic analysis of fiber quality traits of interspecific hybrid of G. barbadense×G. hirsut um, five G. hirsutum varieties as female parents and five G. barbadense varieties were crossed, and 25 hybrids were obtained. The randomized block design was taken to 25 F1 combinations. The results showed that there existed significant or extremely significant difference for main fiber traits except micronaire between upland cotton parents; in addition to elongation, other traits were significant or very significant difference between island cotton; and parents’ interaction for the fiber quality traits were not significant. The genetic parameters showed that the trend between genetic and phenotypic variation coefficient was consistent for fiber length, strength and micronaire, and all were greater than the environment. Uniformity and elongation of the genetic variation coefficient were less than the environment; this means that environmental factors can not be ignored in variation of the two traits. The broad inheritance of fiber length, strength and micronaire were high, so these traits should be selected in early generations, when good fiber quality traits of G. barbadense×G. hirsutum was utilized by interspecific crossing.

  The Occurrence Condition of Weeds in Oats Fields in Wuchuan County of Inner Mongolia 2011, 27 (24):  61-68.  Abstract + ( 1508 )   PDF ( 1521439KB )   ( 868 ) In order to control weeds safely and efficiently, the quadrat survey procedure was used to investigate weed species and their distribution in oats fields in Wuchuan County of The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The results showed that there were 27 species belonging to 22 genera of 13 families. Of all species recorded, broadleaved weeds (21 species) accounted for 74.29%, the grass family (2 species) for 14.29%. The main weeds were Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Chenopodium a1bum Linn., Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq., Salsola collina Pall., Herba Sonchi Brachyoti. The weed species in the no-tillage field were more than that in conventional tillage filed. The weeds in the no-tillage with out mulch field were serious, but the weeds in the no-tillage mulch field were fewer.

  Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon and the Relation Between SOC and Soil Nutrient on Degraded Alpine Meadow 2011, 27 (24):  69-73.  Abstract + ( 1250 )   PDF ( 1391583KB )   ( 969 ) To elucidate the changing characteristics of soil organic carbon and soil nutrient on degraded alpine meadow. With field survey and lab analyses, we studied the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), labile organic carbon and relation between SOC and soil nutrient on degraded alpine meadow (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) in Dangxiong. Results showed that the change order of SOC, labile organic carbon and main nutrients content in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm: normal grassland > slightly degraded grassland > seriously degraded grassland and SOC content was higher in 0-10 cm than 10-20 cm. Regression analysis showed that there were significantly positive relationships between soil organic carbon to alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available P, available K. The regression coefficient was 0.9131, 0.9466 and 0.9701, respectively. Soil nutrient were decreased with the increase of meadow degradation degree and accelerated the degradation of meadow.

  The Belonging of Dark Brown Soil in the East of Jilin Province in Chinese Soil Taxonomy 2011, 27 (24):  74-79.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 1498464KB )   ( 1777 ) In order to research the belongs of dark brown soil in the east of Jilin Province in the Chinese soil taxonomy, the author used the present mainstream of soil taxonomy method of international soil classification, 5 typical profiles of dark brown soil in the east Jilin Province of China were researched in this study. By field survey, profile description, the physical and chemical characteristics analysis of the soils, the author studied thoroughly the soil genetic, identified diagnostic horizon and diagnostic characteristics, on the basis of the keys to Chinese soil taxonomy (3rd edition), initially identified in eastern Jilin dark brown soil classification of Chinese soil taxonomy as argosols and cambosols 2 soil classes, boric argosols and udic cambosols 2 subclasses.

  Soil Animal Community Structure and Diversity under Different Restoration Vegetation in Polluted Abandoned Farmland of Dabaoshan Mine 2011, 27 (24):  80-85.  Abstract + ( 1263 )   PDF ( 1573483KB )   ( 1009 ) In order to filtrate the scientific basis about soil sinusia concluded from super enrichment plants, the author chose Dabaoshan mine Baxin area on the pollution of abandoned farmland’s 5 repair plants in natural and an artificial plant to do research on the soil animal community structure and diversity under the root, by using the Tullgren method, were identified 168 animals, belonging to 2 phyla, 7 classes, 12 orders and 4 species of larvae. The results showed that: the pollution of heavy metal ions (Cu, Cd, Zn) and the acid soil, was the main reason that community structure of abandoned farmland animals was so simple. Different plants’ roots produced different effects on the soil animals’ community structure, it showed that the soil animal community structure under Blechnum orientale Linn., Neyraudia reynaudiana (kunth.) Keng, Chinese cabbage, and Panicum repens Linn. 4 plant roots were relatively complex and high diversity index structure, and diversity of soil animal under Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Saccharum arundinaceum Retz. was lower, and bare ground under roots was the lowest. Vegetation roots with soil animal community structure was different-common groups and rare groups of soil animals under roots of different vegetation was quite different.

  The ISSR Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Canarium album L. Germplasm Resources in Eastern Guangdong 2011, 27 (24):  86-92.  Abstract + ( 1269 )   PDF ( 1526275KB )   ( 947 ) The purpose of the present research was to analysis the genetic diversity of Canarium album L. germplasm resources in eastern Guangdong, which provided reference for protect and research in Canarium album L. germplasm resources. In the present study, genetic diversity of 64 accessions Canarium album were investigated by using ISSR markers. A total of 128 bands were generated, of which 99 bands were polymorphic, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 77.34%. Population genetics analysis showed that the average observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity (H)and Shannon’s information index (I) were, 1.7734±0.4203, 1.4823±0.3888, 0.2746±0.1975, and 0.4072±0.2721 respectively. The genetic similarity coefficient among 64 accessions ranged from 0.5714 to 0.9379, and the average was 0.7793. 64 accessions were clustered into 5 groups by the method of clustering analysis, and 5 groups by the method of principal coordinate analysis. The result indicated that the genetic diversity of Canarium album germplasm was low in these areas, and the results of molecular clusters had no correlation with the geographical origin of accessions.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Miscanthus floridulus by Using ISSR Marker 2011, 27 (24):  93-97.  Abstract + ( 1512 )   PDF ( 1802435KB )   ( 948 ) 7 accessions Miscanthus. floridulus from different area in Hainan were analyzed by using ISSR markers. The software NTSYS-pc2.10y was used to compute similarity coefficient, and then UPGMA was used for cluster analysis. The results showed that 6 primers were screened from the 42 ISSR primers, and 7 accessions M. floridulus were amplified by using the 6 primers. A total of 107 bands were obtained. The number of fragments produced by a primer ranged from 15 to 22, with an average of 17.8. 104 bands were polymorphic, account for 97.2% in all bands. The genetic similarity (GS) was from 0.4673 to 0.8318, with the average of 0.6816. The genetic distance (GD) was from 0.1682 to 0.5327, with the average of 0.3184. The results showed that M. floridulus in Hainan Island had a high-level genetic diversity, and the ISSR markers are useful to analyze genetic diversity of M. floridulus.

  A Method of Simple and Rapid Salt-extraction of High Quality Genomic DNA from Plant Seeds Li Tao Hong-Jin Tong Quan Yin Xiao-Hang Dai Shao-Rong Lei Mi-Sha You 2011, 27 (24):  98-102.  Abstract + ( 2270 )   PDF ( 1757129KB )   ( 1642 ) To find a new simple, fast and high quality genomic DNA extraction technique from dried seeds, this experiment was carried out. The seeds were ground to powder. 100 mg powder of seeds was put in an eppendorf tube and the genomic DNA was extracted by our method, respectively. The final eluate was detected by ultramicro UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The purity and quality of the genomic DNA extracted was confirmed by PCR and enzyme digestion analysis. 619.67 to 1811.21 ng of genomic DNA was extracted from 100 mg dried seeds for all individuals sampled, and the A260/A280 ratio of DNA samples was from 1.87 to 2.07. The purity and quality of the genomic DNA solution could be considered so high that it was sufficient for enzyme digestion and PCR analysis. The target bands all could be amplified from plant seeds by using their specific endogenesis gene primers. And the total DNA could be digested thoroughly by endonuclease such as EcoRV and HindIII. The results showed that genomic DNA was extracted successfully from dried seeds by this approach.

  Preliminary Studies on the in Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Pinellia ternata Extract by Ethanol 2011, 27 (24):  103-107.  Abstract + ( 1249 )   PDF ( 1465298KB )   ( 1024 ) The aim was to study the bacteriostatic action and influencing factors of extract made from Pinellia ternate, to get its antimicrobial spectrum. The reflux extraction method was used to extract the active material in Pinellia ternata by using 95% ethanol, and agar diffusion method and liquid mixed culture method were used to test the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) of Pinellia ternata against the bacterium. The rate of Pinellia ternata extract was 5.24% with 75% ethanol while which was 2.73% with 95% ethanol. Minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) against several microorganisms including bacterium and fungi were analyzed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of tested strains were as follows: which of E. coli was 25 mg/mL, of Pseudomonas putida 12.5 mg/mL, was of Staphylococcus aureus was 12.5 mg/mL, of Micrococcus luteus was 12.5 mg/mL, of Bacillus subtilis was 10 mg/mL, of Saccharomyces pombe was 20 mg/mL, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 10 mg/mL, of Aspergillus niger was 12.5mg/mL, of Melon fusarium wilt was 25 mg/mL. The results showed that the juice of Pinellia ternata exerted different effect on a series of bacterium and fungi. The juice of Pinellia ternate extracted by alcohol could effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterium, but the bacteriostatic action of Pinellia ternata against fungi were not clear enough. It could conclude that the bacteriostatic effect of Pinellia ternate juice was enhanced with the increase of extract concentration.

  Screening and Mutation breeding of the Strains of High-yielding Celluase 2011, 27 (24):  108-111.  Abstract + ( 1182 )   PDF ( 2160777KB )   ( 1242 ) In order to get the strains of high-yielding cellulase, to alleviate the present bad situation: the activity of most cellulase is relatively low; the supply of cellulase has failed to keep pace with demand. Some higher cellulase-producing strain were picked from the nature and then carried them on mutation breeding under the UV light and 60 Co-γrays to obtained mutants of those high-produced. The original stains gained by screening had been preliminarily identified as the Actinomycete XZ-33 by observing the form of bacterial colony, mycelium and spores. According to the interrelation between the fatality rate, mutation doses and mutation rate ,it could be deduced that the most appropriate conditions of induced mutation is that exposing them under UV-irradiation for 7 minute and γ rays-irradiation up to 0.6KGy. After a series of mutation breeding a high cellulase-producing mutant stain have been obtained, named as mutant UV-Co16, its CMCase enzyme activity reached at the level of 66.15 IU/mL, and PFAase enzyme 2.91 IU/mL, it is respectively 3.17 times and 2.42 times higher than the original screened strains. The success to get a high cellulase-producing mutant stain laid the foundation of the technology that using special microorganism to ferment to produce ethanol.

  Study on Cultivated Land Productivity Calculation of Jingyang County in Shaanxi Province 2011, 27 (24):  112-118.  Abstract + ( 1095 )   PDF ( 1398574KB )   ( 1052 ) Weihe Plain is the major grain production base of Shaanxi Province and the western. In this paper, the theoretical, the accessible, and the actual production capacities of arable land in Jingyang County were calculated respectively on the basis of the established theoretical and the accessible models of Weihe Plain secondary target zone in per unit area. The reasons for the differences of actual production capacity and statistic grain production were analyzed. All of these were useful for evaluating the county's farmland production capacity, land use intensity and potential production capacity, spatial variation of yield potential, county food security, strenthgening the potential of low-yielding fields, refinement of cultivated land resources management, and approving basic farmland protection goals. The results showed that the theoretical productivity was 89.32×104 t, accessible productivity 77.79×104 t, and actual productivity 48.00×104 t. Theoretical productivity, accessible productivity, and actual productivity in the per unit area are 19830 kg/hm2, 17270 kg/hm2 and 10657 kg/hm2. In spatial, the theoretical, accessible and actual productivity of per unit area showed a single peak distribution pattern with the central high, the north and south low; productivity of arable land in per unit area in the middle region is highest and lowest in the north region. The arable land in the middle and the south region in Liquan County are key regions of grain yield increment in future. The theoretical capacity of 13 level cropland in four natural quality level in Jingyang County was the largest, followed by 14 level cultivated land; the achievable capacity of 21 level farmland in 10 use level was the first, followed by 16 and 20 level arable land.

  In View of New Standards of EU MRL for Tea under SPS Agreement 2011, 27 (24):  119-122.  Abstract + ( 1341 )   PDF ( 1205914KB )   ( 1296 ) New standards of EU MRL for tea have a great impact on trade in EU on the tea export from China. New standards of EU MRL for tea have the traits of trade barrier from the viewpoint of SPS agreement, and the standards conflict with many articles of SPS agreement. This paper introduced the new standards of EU MRL for tea, analysis on the standard inconsistent with the SPS agreement, and some countermeasures for China copy with new standards of EU MRL for tea were also put forward.

  Desulfurization Activity of Biogas by Ferric Oxide Desulfurizer with Self-forming Framework Type 2011, 27 (24):  123-127.  Abstract + ( 1253 )   PDF ( 1825849KB )   ( 948 ) To improve desulfurization efficiency of biogas, characteristics of self-forming framework type desulfurizer were studied in this paper, which was serviced for biogas safe utilization in countryside. SEM, EDX and pore size analysis were conducted to evaluate surface morphology, elements composition, pore size variation and sulfur volume between original and complete penetrate sample. As the results shown, self-forming framework improved the active ferric proportion, which will promote the desulfurization activity. Meanwhile, under conditions of airspeed 800h-1, first sulfur volume reached to 17.9%, and regeneration sulfur volume reached to 13.5%, which made the accumulated sulfur volume exceeded to39% and exhibited high desulfurization efficiency. It indicated that the factors of high activated ferric content, large surface and uniform pore size all could improve biogas desulfurization greatly.

  Study on Evaluation of Logistics Capability of Agri-food Based on Factor-Cluster Analysis——A case of Hebei Province 2011, 27 (24):  128-132.  Abstract + ( 1019 )   PDF ( 1390937KB )   ( 912 ) Through SPSS16.0 software, this paper chooses the statistical datas of 11 cities in Hebei province to empirically study the logistics capability of agri-food based on the method of factor analysis and cluster analysis，and finally obtains the ranking of logistics capability of agri-food of the 11 cities. It shows that,factor-cluster analysis is a effective method to analyze the logistics capability of agri-food. It can simplify the original complicated problem and lead to an objective,reliable and convincing conclusion.

  Study on the Plating Properties of the Spare Parts of Agricultural Equipments 2011, 27 (24):  133-136.  Abstract + ( 1158 )   PDF ( 2182818KB )   ( 1284 ) The phenomena of abrasion and corrosion often appear during the working process of the spare parts of agricultural equipments, which lead the spare parts to lose efficacy earlier. According to the research at home and abroad, the magnetic field can enhance the dispersibility and coverage of the electroplating solution as well as have strong effects on the microstructure and morphology of the electroplating plating. The static magnetic field vertical to the depositing orientation of the cation was introduced in this experiment to improve the plating properties of spare parts of agricultural equipments .By the light microscope, the morphology of the Ni-Co alloy was observed, and the properties of the plating was tested by the microhardness tester. The results showed that the Ni-Co alloy becomes smooth and fine with the depositing state of the cation changed by the magnetic field, the hardness of the plating prepared with the static magnetic field was raised by 38 HV as that without the magnetic field applied. This study provided a simple and practical method for improving the plating properties of spare parts of agricultural equipments, and offers a reference for further study.

  Analysis of Extreme Precipitation Events in Rizhao City for Nearly 55 Years 2011, 27 (24):  137-141.  Abstract + ( 1270 )   PDF ( 1603937KB )   ( 1422 ) In order to explore the changes of area details of the local area in the north China in extreme precipitation events and study the changing rules of the extreme precipitation events, according to the data of daily precipitation in Rizhao City from 1955 to 2009, the extreme precipitation events were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the average annual maximum one day precipitation of Rizhao City had not significantly deceased in the recent 55years. The maximum of the analysis period appeared in 2008; (2) the amount and its’ contribution and days of extreme precipitation showed a declining trend and 1975 was the mutational site. The intensity of extreme precipitation had increased weakly and no significant mutation, but there was an upward trend after 2006. The changes of extreme precipitation amount were mainly affected by extreme precipitation days change; (3) the total frequency of general average dry events and severe dry events were in the trend of increasing along with the decreasing of the heavy rains days. These results indicated that the extreme precipitation events tended to reduce and the dry events tended to increase in Rizhao City in the recent 55 years. But in the 21st century, the precipitation trended to the extreme events.

  Effect on the Agronomic Traits and Yield of Rice at Harvesting Stage after Applying Foliar Fertilizer Megafol at Late-mid Stage of Rice 2011, 27 (24):  142-147.  Abstract + ( 1467 )   PDF ( 1492175KB )   ( 1171 ) Foliage fertilizer Megafol, made by Valagro Company of Italy, is a plant growth promoter which is rich in organic nitrogen such as peptide, amino acid etc and microelement like chelating state iron, zinc, manganese and so on. To study the effects and the reasonable usage of foliage fertilizer Megafol in rice, the agronomic characters and yield components of rice in the late-mid period were compared and analyzed trough experiment in multipoint field in this study. Three treatments were designed as follows: 675 mL/hm2 Megafol were sprayed in Changmei Village Niujiang Town Feiji tong (NJ Megafol) and Zhongan village Juntang town Antong experimental area (JT Megafol); water of 675 mL/hm2 was used as control. Besides, the water of 675 mL/hm2 was sprayed to the area within 20 cm (the first line) to the ridge which called Korshinskii edge line (NJ Marginal) in Changmei Village Niujiang Town Feiji tong as the second control. Results showed that the application of foliar Megafol in rice break period could significantly improve the distribution of dry matter production to grain. In the agronomic characters, the plant height of rice in the test field of JT (Megafol)1 (109.76±7.51 cm) were extremely significant higher than that in JTCK3 (82.19±7.29 cm); the stem base diameter in JT(Megafol)3 (4.82±0.79 cm) were exceedingly significant different compared to JTCK3 (3.20±0.42 cm); the setting percentage in JT (Megafol)1 [(90.16±3.59)%] were also extremely significantly higher than that in NJCK3 [(69.24±16.79)%]; the thousand kernel weight (TKW) of JT (Megafol)3 [(23.05±1.56) g] were exceedingly significantly higher compared to JTCK1 (20.28±1.20 g). These results increase the grains per plant to improve the rice yield per unit area in the Megafol treated field, among which the theoretical yield of JT (Megafol)2 test field even reached as high as (6318.75±130.05) kg/hm2. Meanwhile, foliar fertilizer Megafol could enhance plant resistance and leaf area index in harvest time, for instance, the leaf area index in NJ (Megafol)3 test field (34.83±9.41) was much higher than NJCK3 test field (0.09±0.19). Thus, through spraying foliar fertilizer Megafol to rice in late-mid period, the agronomic characters and yield of rice in harvest dates was significantly different between treatment and control. In addition, the results did not show much difference on the effect between Megafol treatment and the control test field named NJ Marginal which had the edge line effect.

  Study on Flour and Flour-based Product Colors of Wheat Wx Near-isogenic Lines in Two Different Genetic Backgrounds 2011, 27 (24):  148-153.  Abstract + ( 1193 )   PDF ( 1492880KB )   ( 897 ) To explore the influence of different Wx genotypes on flour and flour-made products’ color and improvement measures for darker color. So in this study eight genotypes of Wx near-isogenic lines carrying two different genetic backgrounds (‘Yang01-2’ and ‘Yangmai17’) were used as materials to investigate the color of flour and flour sheet and PPO activity of the eight genotypes. Results showed that flour color and flour sheet color were no significant difference among eight genotypes in both two genetic backgrounds generally. However, aaBBDD and aabbdd genotypes were better than the others in the color of flour. In addition, the AAbbdd genotype was often corresponded to brighter color of sheet and noodle, but aabbdd genotype had the darker color of flour-based products in both genetic backgrounds. The PPO activity of aabbdd genotype in both genetic backgrounds was highest and hence. It was probably the main reason resulting in worse sheet color. The high PPO activity and worse color of flour-based product of aabbdd genotype was also probably caused by Wx protein deletion, which should be further discussed.

  Analysis on the Yield Potential, Stability, Adaptability and Disease-resistance of ‘Chuanmai51’ 2011, 27 (24):  154-158.  Abstract + ( 1592 )   PDF ( 1349552KB )   ( 1128 ) In order to find out yield potential of new variety and accelerate the application of new variety, we analysis the yield, disease resistance, and some other characteristics of a new wheat variety-‘Chuanmai51’ by variance analysis method, multiple comparison method, and so on. ‘Chuanmai51’ is a new medium-gluten wheat breed by institute of crops, Sichuan academy of agriculture sciences. Compared to check variety, the yield of ‘Chuanmai51’ increased 12.6% and 14.2% in two years’ regional test, 11.4% in one year’s production test. Meanwhile ‘Chuanmai51’ has high yield stability and good adaptability. The results of resistance identification showed that ‘Chuanmai51’ possessed high resistant ability to wheat rust and had advantage in Sichuan climate condition which was good for rust fungus reproduction. In summery, ‘Chuanmai51’ is a good variety with high application value.

  Study on the Effect of “Tianda2116” on the Growth of Highland Barley in Winter, in Tibet 2011, 27 (24):  159-163.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 1404670KB )   ( 1022 ) To prevent Tibetan crops from drought and frost, we chose the breed of barley “Tianda2116” and processed it with 6 different kinds of methods, i.e. seed dressing, leaf spraying, spring rejuvenation, seed dressing plus leaf spraying, seed dressing plus spring rejuvenation, seed dressing plus spring rejuvenation and leaf spraying, to study the effect of each method on the growth of Tibetan barley in winter. The result showed that the grain yields of barley processed in this 6 methods were 4.84%, 29.49%, 19.19%, 14.35%, 19.03% and 38.07% higher than that of the control groups independently. The most increment was achieved by using the last method which could improve the 1000-grain-weight and effective spikes per hill. Residues yields of highland barley processed by the 6 methods were all higher than those of the control groups and the improving trend was in accordance with that of kernels. The beneficial results of the 6 methods were 324.30, 2047.80, 1293.30, 901.50, 1244.25, 2601.30 yuan per hm2, which were higher than those of the control groups. So, it was suggested that leaf spraying and seed dressing plus spring rejuvenation and leaf spraying were the best methods to process highland barley using “Tianda2166” in Tibet.

  Effects of Electron Beam Radiation on Pollen Germination Rates of Maize and Gossypium hirsutum L. Fang Jin 2011, 27 (24):  164-168.  Abstract + ( 1281 )   PDF ( 1719602KB )   ( 1040 ) The aim was to study the effects of electron beam irradiation on pollen germination rate and provide the base for mutation breeding of electron beam irradiation. The maize pollen of ‘Beijing-waxy 28’ and pollen of Gossypium hirsutum L. were exposed in electron beam with different dose, the irradiated pollens were cultivated in a liquid medium, and then the pollen germination rates were observed and counted. The pollen germination rate of ‘Beijing-waxy 28’ was higher than that of the control group in 200-600 Gy radiation dose, with the highest germination rate at 600 Gy radiation dose. While the pollen germination rate of Gossypium hirsutum L. was lower than that of the control group in 300-1000 Gy radiation dose, but after the 50 h, the pollen germination rate was higher than that of the control groups. Electron beam radiation doses in the range of 200-600 Gy could facilitate the pollen germination rate of ‘Beijing-waxy 28’, and Electron beam radiation doses in the range of 300-1000 Gy could inhibit the pollen germination rate of Gossypium hirsutum L., but it could extend the activity of the Gossypium hirsutum L.pollen in a certain degree.

  Effects of Sugarcane Intercropping with Soybean on the Yield, Quality of Sugarcane and Comprehensive Economic Benefit 2011, 27 (24):  169-173.  Abstract + ( 1338 )   PDF ( 1499480KB )   ( 950 ) Take new TSC 22, GuiChun 2, liu bean 3 and GuiChun 8 planted more in Take ‘new TSC 22’, ‘Guibhun 2’, ‘Liu bean 3’ and ‘Guichun 8’ planted the most in Guangxi as intercropping materials, the effect of different soybean varieties, sowing dates and intercropping density on the yield, quality of sugarcane and integrated economic benefit were studied. The results showed that it got the best effect when intercropping with two rows of medium soybean at the second sowing time, in the condition of equal management and fertilization, utilizing and maintaining land, guaranteeing the quality and yield of sugarcane. The overall economic efficiency was highest while intercropping with two rows of late soybean at the second sowing time.

  Related Study on Main Characters and Contents of Crude Fiber of Different Sweetpotato Types in Same Ecological Environment 2011, 27 (24):  174-178.  Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 1333927KB )   ( 871 ) Shandong province is the main sweetpotato production area in China. How to bring the superiority of sweetpotato into full play and strengthen sweetpotato competitiveness, became the first subject in sweetpotato studied. According to the present situation of sweetpotato product, sixteen different sweetpotato varieties were used for experiment, which varieties were on extension in north. The fresh root yield, drying material rate, dry root yield, dry root starch rate, crude fiber content and related coefficient before them were determined. The results showed: The highest fresh root yield was ‘Nanshu8’, which was 74253.25 kg/hm2. The highest drying material rate was ‘Shangshu025-6’, which was 39.19%. The highest dry root yield was ‘Nanshu8’, which was 25857.6 kg/hm2. The highest dry root starch rate was ‘Shangshu025-6’,which was 73.03%. The lowest crude fiber content was ‘Shangshu025-6’, which was 1.8%. In the same ecological environment, the fresh root yield and dry root yield of edible-type ‘Nanshu8’ were highest. ‘Lushu8’, ‘Qining031’, ‘Beijing553’, ‘Nanshu8’, ‘Taizhong6’ could be used as edible-type and starch industrial-type varieties. Crude fiber content of all varieties was lower. Positive correlation between the fresh root yield and dry root yield was very significant, and positive correlation between the drying material rate and dry root starch rate was significant. The correlation between taste global impression and dry root starch rate was not significant.

  Effect of Different Medium and Culture Condition on Virus-free Potato Rapid Propagation 2011, 27 (24):  179-182.  Abstract + ( 1234 )   PDF ( 1486668KB )   ( 1023 ) The objective of this paper is to establish a set of high quality, high effective and lost-cost rapid propagation production technology about the virus-free potato plantlet. This experiment investigated that the effects of different mediums and light-temperature condition on virus-free potato rapid propagation used the ‘Zhongshu1’. The results showed that the MS and 1/2MS was the most suitable for rapid propagation because of their well and vigorous growth among five mediums. The high temperature and intense light (T3) was the best condition for rapid propagation among 4 different light-temperature conditions, and the sunny side lab room (T2) was preferable for rapid propagation because of adequate utilization of natural light-temperature. The MS/T3 appeared the best performance while there were no significant differences in the growth index among the 4 combinations. However, the 1/2MS/T2 was the preferable substitute because it can adequately utilize the natural light-temperature and reduce the cost.

  Correlation Analysis on Agronomic Characters of High Quality Hybrid Cotton, Fiber Yield and Quality Characters in Northern Xinjiang 2011, 27 (24):  183-186.  Abstract + ( 1233 )   PDF ( 1459831KB )   ( 1228 ) In order that we can breed high yield, good quality new varieties in early-mature cotton area in Beijiang, and can provide theoretical guidance for selecting the parents of cross combinations, the experiments were conducted to investigate growth period, and agronomic traits, yield structure character and fiber qualities on 10 high quality varieties (strains) in Northern Xinjiang. And correlations were analyzed between economical characters and other traits. The results indicated that the flowering plant, plant height and the bolls per plant produce greater influence, positively correlated with production. The correlation was significant between number of flowering plant and lint yield, negative correlation with the majority between agronomic characters and quality. Plant high repositively related with production and quality and can be a certain range to control yield and quality simultaneously through improve plant high. The closed factors with the lint yield are important approach to increase cotton output except for suitable plant type.

  Research of Different Ratios of N P K Mixture Used Affects the Content of Deoxyschizandrin of Schisandra sphenanthera in Shangluo 2011, 27 (24):  187-190.  Abstract + ( 1186 )   PDF ( 1454912KB )   ( 749 ) In order to clarify the ratio of N, P, K content influence on deoxyschizandrin in Schisandra sphenanthera in Shangluo Shaanxi Province, and provide scientific theory for the reasonable application of fertilizer in Schisandra sphenanthera production. Three factors and four levels of orthogonal design were used to detect the different ratios of N, P, K effects on the content of deoxyschizandrin. The results showed that there was significant difference between N, P, K content (P<0.05) affects on the content of deoxyschizandrin. And the importance of the elements order was K>N>P. In this experiment condition, the best fertilization effect was N and K combining which could ensure content of deoxyschizandrin was highest in the Schisandra sphenanthera fruit. The best fertilizer content was N 12.0 g, P 0 g and K 8.0 g per plant.

  Effects of Transplanting Time on Yield and Quality of Liriope muscari (Decne) Baily 2011, 27 (24):  191-196.  Abstract + ( 1356 )   PDF ( 1559491KB )   ( 924 ) To provide a theoretical basis for normalization cultivating measures for Liriope muscari (Decne) Baily, the experimental plots were randomly divided. The biomass of leaf and root were regularly collected and measured. The yield, polysaccharide content and water lixivium were also determined after harvesting. The effects of transplanting time on the growth and development of Liriope muscari (Decne) Baily, root yield and quality were studied. The growing and developing rule of aerial part of L. muscari (Decne) Baily was similar among different transplanting time. Its tendency was described as “ascending, then descending, then slowly ascending”. While, the tillering tendency was described as “fast, then slow”. The aerial and underground parts of L. muscari (Decne) Baily, which was transplanted in April, grew and developed better. The fast-growing of L. muscari (Decne) Baily transplanted in April was beneficial to tillering, moreover, to increasing the root developing time. The root yield was significantly different at different transplanting time. The yield, polysaccharide content and water lixivium decreased with the retarding of transplanting time. In conclusion, the optimum transplanting time of L. muscari (Decne) Baily was from early April until early May.

  Effect of Ridge Cultivation on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Jerusalem artichoke at Salinized Coastal Areas 2011, 27 (24):  197-201.  Abstract + ( 1314 )   PDF ( 1531028KB )   ( 894 ) Jerusalem artichoke is adaptive greatly to various environments. In the salinized coastal area, Jerusalem artichoke plantation will be benefit for soil quality improvement and carbon sequestration. In order to improve the yield and carbon sequestration, the effect of ridge cultivation on the growth and nutrient uptake of Jerusalem artichoke was investigated in a coastal area. The objective was to provide some evidences for better management of Jerusalem artichoke in the salinized coastal area. Results showed that the ridge cultivation increased significantly the yield, biomass and nutrient uptake of Jerusalem artichoke. The increase rates of yield, biomass and carbon sequestration were 15%, 47% and 29%, respectively. Overall, the ridge cultivation is benefit for yield improvement and carbon sequestration of Jerusalem artichoke in the salinized coastal areas.

  The Application Effect of BGA Soil Conditioner in Saline Soil 2011, 27 (24):  202-206.  Abstract + ( 1189 )   PDF ( 1503925KB )   ( 1099 ) In order to solve soil salinization problem of Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, improve saline soil quality, and increase land productivity, the author studied the effect of BGA soil conditioner on oil sunflower growth and saline soil property, and evaluated the application effect of BGA soil conditioner through field plot experiment. The results showed that BGA soil conditioner improved physical and chemical properties of saline soil. The soil bulk density decreased while the total porosity increased, and the contents of available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil were increased compared with CK1. The content of soil available phosphorus was also increased compared with CK2. BGA soil conditioner also promoted growth of oil sunflower. Plant height, leaf SPAD value, and photosynthetic rate of oil sunflower were improved. The yield of oil sunflower was higher 176.7% than that in CK1 and 18.0% than that in CK2. It was feasible to use BGA soil conditioner to improve saline soil if its production cost was reduced or it was combined with chemical fertilizers, and it was valuable to further research and develop BGA soil conditioner.

  Effects of Biochar and Biochar-based Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Water-holding Capacity 2011, 27 (24):  207-213.  Abstract + ( 1964 )   PDF ( 5012360KB )   ( 1114 ) Soil water characteristics including soil water infiltration rate, soil water suctions and water-holding capacity of soil samples incorporated with varied dosage of biochar materials and biochar-based nitrogenous fertilizer were tested and estimated by water infiltration of soil column and soil water characteristic curve in laboratory in this article in order to understand the effects of biochar and biochar-based nitrogenous fertilizers on the soil water characteristics. The experimental results indicated that: the water infiltration rate of two vertical soils column decreased with the increase of the addition rate of biochar materials and biochar-based nitrogenous fertilizer to soils. In comparison with the control treatment, under the same water potential condition, the more fertilizers incorporated into soils, the more water retained by soils, however, soil water-holding capacity decreased when the rate of biochar or biochar-based nitrogenous fertilizer added to soils exceeds maximum (80 t/hm2) (inflexion). The soil water-holding capacity varied from the types of biochar-based nitrogenous fertilizer to the textures of soils. Therefore, in practical field, the impact of biochar-based nitrogenous fertilizer on the characteristics of soil water depended on the properties and application rate of biochar-based nitrogenous fertilizer and soil texture.

  The Study on Optimization of Teicoplanin Fermentation Process 2011, 27 (24):  214-218.  Abstract + ( 1568 )   PDF ( 1400388KB )   ( 1039 ) The aim was to optimize teicoplanin fermentation process, improve the fermentation level, and evaluate the influence of carbon source and some amino acids on teicoplanin fermentation. The growth and metabolism curves of teicoplanin were measured and the structure of teicoplanin was analyzed. The process optimization was conducted based on the primary understanding of fermenting characteristics. The results showed that it could improve productivity by increasing 1% starch to the fermentation media, the residual sugar was controlled to a low level. The feeding experiment was carried out after 1% starch liquefacation, the sugar was added during the stationary phase, and the productivity was improved by 35%. The flask experiment showed that adding some amino acids to the initial fermentation media could improve productivity by 16%-25%. The starch content and the type and content of amino acids could influence the fermentation level greatly, feeding sugar and adding some amino acids on the basis of former process could improve the fermentation level greatly and it provided certain foundation for decreasing fermentation cost.

  Effect of Stochastic Error of Sensitivity Indexes of Jensen’s Model on Optimal Water Consumption 2011, 27 (24):  219-223.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 1555767KB )   ( 1004 ) Allocating water based on water production function is an important procedure in insufficient irrigation scheduling. The author studied the effect of random fluctuation of sensitivity indexes for different stages of the Jensen model on estimates of crop water consumption. The irrigation experiment data for cotton was used to calculate the water sensitivity indexes and its standard error for different stages in Jensen model. The statistics characteristic value of optimal crop water consumption for different stages was computed through random simulation. The results showed that, the standard errors of yield and the optimal water consumption were considerable. As the restraint of total water consumption was strengthened, the standard errors of yield and optimal water consumption became larger. Consequently, the random fluctuation of the water sensitivity indexes had significant impact on estimates of optimal water consumption. The stronger the restraint of the total water consumption was, the more significant the effects would be.

  The Study on Fluorescent Features of Drosophila Ovarioles after Fixation and Staining 2011, 27 (24):  224-228.  Abstract + ( 1670 )   PDF ( 1621158KB )   ( 1412 ) In order to provide a trial exploration for studying the fluorescent features of different biological materials and opening up new areas of fluorescent histology, Drosophila melanogaste ovaries were used as experimental materials. The ovarioles were firstly dissected, and then treated in three ways: directly squashed material, squashed material after fixation with paraformaldehyde, and squashed material stained with five different deys after paraformaldehyde fixation. The squashes were observed and photographed under fluorescent microscope in bright field, and fluorescent fields after excitation with green, blue and UV light, respectively. The results showed that Drosophila ovarioles possesses weak autofluorescence, paraformaldehyde fixation endowed the material evident fluorescent features, and different staining endowed the material various fluorescent characteristics. Based on the above results, the following conclusion can be reached: fixatives and dyes can endow Drosophila ovarioles and different cell types, or even different cellular components specific fluorescent characteristics. Fluorescent techniques might open a bright applying field for the traditional histology.

  Present Status and Prospect of Breeding Resistant Cultivers of Brown Planthopper in Rice 2011, 27 (24):  229-237.  Abstract + ( 9790 )   PDF ( 1433372KB )   ( 2222 ) Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens St?l, BPH) is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice, and the utilization of resistant cultivar has been recognized as one of effective measures for BPH management. In this paper, biotypes and resistant genes of rice brown planthopper (BPH) were reviewed. Breeding status of resistance to BPH of state are introduced in detail, and suggestions were made on research about resistant breeding in the future.

  Advances on Metabolisms of Herbicides Catalyzed by Cytochrome P450 2011, 27 (24):  238-243.  Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 1233042KB )   ( 1167 ) The induction of P450s by herbicides or herbicide safeners were reviewed; the clone and identification of cytochrome P450 related to herbicide metabolism and the researches of transgenic-P450 plants were summarized; the action modes of cytochrome P450s on herbicides metabolism and the relationship between P450s and weed resistance were also introduced.

  Review of History, Present Situation and Prospect of Pink Stem Borer in China 2011, 27 (24):  244-248.  Abstract + ( 1670 )   PDF ( 1230731KB )   ( 1132 ) In order to further study the occurring characteristics and damage regularity, and develop effective control techniques of pink stem borer, the author gave an overview of the advances which had been achieved in pink stem borer during the last 50 years, including biology, ecology, feeding behavior, control measures, artificial rearing techniques, forecast, toxicology and resistant to insecticides, and put forward the directions of the further research on pink stem borer.

  Plant Drought-resistant Physiology Research Progress and Breeding 2011, 27 (24):  249-252.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 1205969KB )   ( 1166 ) The plant drought-resistant physiology breeding, its essence is applies the plant-physiology principle and the method in the drought-resistant breeding. Plant's under arid coercion physiological metabolism change always is the drought-resistant physiology research hot spot. Plant the shape characteristic and the physiological characteristic as well as the physiological change mechanism which forms for a long time for the adaptation and the resistance arid environment is a complex system. This article through the induction and the summary which progresses to the part drought-resistant physiology biochemistry research, proposed plant's under arid coercion main physiological reaction and the biochemistry change target from three aspects. (1) The maintenance moisture content metabolism 3 physiological essential factor, namely blowhole resistance, root system vigor and photosynthesis speed. (2) The maintains in vivo cell water content the seepage adjustment material proline accumulation tendency. (3) The maintenance adult plant in vivo active oxygen ion metabolism is balanced, defends the active oxygen to accumulate, protects the cell not 3 protection enzyme active change which injures. And through the comparative analysis, summarizes under the arid coercion the plant in the above three physiological biochemistry aspect response and the change rule. Thus for the drought-resistant idioplasm appraisal, screening and the drought-resistant physiology breeding provides the reference.

  Identification of Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses (BYDVs) Strains in Qinghai Province and Analysis of Evolution Based on CP Gene 2011, 27 (24):  253-257.  Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 1902704KB )   ( 707 ) The disease caused by Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses (BYDVs) is a major, economically important that infect cereal crops including barely, wheat and highland barely worldwide. In 2010, BYDVs are moderately popular in the east of Qinghai Province, in China. In order to identify the serotype of BYDVs, 112 samples were collected from the east regions of Qinghai Province and assayed by ELISA and NASH. The results confirmed that the GAV of BYDV was predominant in these areas. Sequences of coat protein gene of BYDV-GAV isolates obtained from Qinghai Province were aligned at amino acid level and compared with those of other luteoviruses. The results of sequence comparisons showed that the CP gene of GAV shared a high degree of sequence conservation between some isolates from Qinghai and the others from different regions of China. The fact that the main strains and molecular variation of BYDV in the east regions of Qinghai Province were obtained, which would afford a valuable reference to work on breeding resist to BYDVs. It is also essential to direct prevention and cure of BYDVs in these regions.

  The Effects of Cercospora zeae-maydis Toxins on Relative Conductivity of Maize Leaves in Vitro 2011, 27 (24):  258-261.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 1554186KB )   ( 576 ) The toxin-generated conditions and the pathogenicity mechanism of Cercospora zeae-maydis have been studied in this article. The mensuration of conductivity method was used to examine the effects of C. zeae-maydis toxins statically cultured in the Fries nutrient fluid under different temperature and different time on the conductivity of maize leaves in vitro. The results showed that as processing time prolongs, the conductivity increasing rates on maize leaves in vitro decreases when treated with the C.zeae-maydis toxins (at the concentration of 25% ) cultivated under the same temperature and the same time. Toxins cultivated under different temperature and different time both has a remarkable influence on the conductivity of maize leaves in vitro. This indicated that toxins statically cultured in the Fries nutrient fluid for 15 days under (20±1)℃ have the best effect on the conductivity of maize leaves in vitro.

  Comparison Analysis of ISSR and RAPD Molecular Methods Used For Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Alternaria alternate 2011, 27 (24):  262-267.  Abstract + ( 1495 )   PDF ( 1572033KB )   ( 978 ) Separate the Alternata strains and study the genetic diversity using ISSR and molecular markers RAPD analysis, compared with two kinds of molecular biology method in Alternata genetic analysis, the good and bad for the study of Alternata genetic diversity and tobacco resistant varieties of cultivating lay the foundation. ISSR and RAPD molecular markers were used to analysis the genetic diversity of 28 A. alternate. Through the primers tested, 10 ISSR primers and 10 RAPD primers were selected for their reproducibility and high polymorphism. 112 polymorphic bands were amplified by ISSR. The ratio of polymorphic band was 86.82%. The coefficient of similarity between strains was 0.53-0.97. While 70 polymorphic bands were amplified by RAPD and the ratio of polymorphic band was 81.39%. The coefficient of similarity between strains was 0.53-0.94. The correlation of genetic distance of two markers was used analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software. The results proved that these two markers were significantly correlated. The results revealed that lSSR and RAPD markers were suitable for assessment of genetic diversity of A. alternata. The ISSR marker was superior to the RAPD marker. The results reveal that there was little correlation between geographic origin and genetic diversity of A. alternate using NTSYS program by UPGMA cluster analysis.

  Determination of Napropamide Residue in Tobacco Leaves by MolecularImprinted Solid Phase Extraction-HPLC 2011, 27 (24):  268-272.  Abstract + ( 1203 )   PDF ( 1496180KB )   ( 968 ) For better enrichment and purity of napropamide in tobacco leaves, the molecular imprinted polymers as a solid phase extraction column coupling to HPLC was studied. The molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) was synthesized by polymerization for 24 hours using napropamide as template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as monomer, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as crosslinker and azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator at 70℃ in column. This monolithic column could specially recognize napropamide by affinity. The column was used as a solid phase extraction (SPE) pillar for affinity extraction and enrichment of napropamide residue in acetonitrile extract of tobacco leaves in HPLC system. Then, the sample was analyzed by reversed phase-HPLC. The SPE-HPLC method showed good recovery [(92.3±2.1)%], good reproducibility (RSD 2.76%), excellent linear correlation (R2>0.9996) and low detection limit (1.0 ng/g). In conclusion, the napropamide molecular imprinted polymers monolithic column was a good solid phase extraction affinity column for enrichment and purity , and the MIPs-SPE-HPLC method established was suitable for the analysis of napropamide residue in tobacco leaves.

  Comparison of Two Silver Staining Methods for Polyaerylamide Gels Electrophoresis by Using SSR markers on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) 2011, 27 (24):  273-276.  Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 2195075KB )   ( 831 ) Two ways of DNA improved silver staining methods for polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were compared in this article for first detection. The detected results with the technique of SSR markers by non-denaturant polyacrylmaaide gel eletrophoresis indicated that the second method was characterized as more sensitive and simple steps when compared with the first method. And for saving time and work the second method was more appropriate to the genetic diversity of Myzus persicae (Sulzer).

  The Study on Characteristic and Kinetic of Nitrobenzene Biodegradation by Strain M 2011, 27 (24):  277-281.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 1565744KB )   ( 880 ) A strain named as M, which can use nitrobenzene as a sole carbon source, was screened from the nitrobenzene contaminated soil. The optimum culture condition of stain M was pH 7, temperature 30℃, rotation speed 200 r/min and inoculated volume of M 10% (v/v). The tolerance concentration, biodegradation kinetics, the TOC and biotoxicity of metabolite of nitrobenzene of strain M were studied under the optimum condition. The highest tolerance concentration of nitrobenzene was 900 mg/L. In the degradation process for 300 mg/L nitrobenzene, the TOC decreased from 1400 mg/L to 400mg/L and the biotoxicity of the metabolite decreased gradually till nontoxic within 12 h. The degradation kinetics of strain M was well fit with zero-level kinetic equation when the concentration of nitrobenzene was less than 415.92 mg/L. Meantime, the degradation kinetics of strain M was well fit with Andrews kinetic model with qmax=60 h-1, Ks=100 mg/L, Ki＝350 mg/L.

  Isolation of An Aschersonia placeta Strain and the Inhibition of Its Extracellular Metabolites on Aspergiilus flavus 2011, 27 (24):  282-285.  Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 2105822KB )   ( 719 ) The aim was to study the inhibitory effect of Aschersonia Jos009 exreacellular metabolites on Aspergillus flavus sp. Jos009 was identified with morphologic data, including the morphological characteristics of stromata, the size of conidia and the length of paraphyses. The extracellular metabolites of the fungus were extracted. The inhibition of Jos009 extracellular metabolites on Aspergillus flavus sp. were determined by filter paper diffusion method. Aschersonia Jos009 was collected from Jian’ou of Fujian Province, China. Through observation of morphology and data analysis of conidia and paraphyses, it was identified as Aschersonia placeta Berk.et Br.. The result showed that the extracellular metabolites exhibited strong inhibition towards Aspergillus flavus sp.. The inhibition zone was 17 mm. This strain had application potential on controlling Aspergillus flavus. If the bioactive compounds could be isolated from the strain in the future, it would be a drug candidate to control the pollution of A. flavus and might protect people's living conditions.

  Biological Activity of Extracts from 8 Species of Plants Against Tetranychus Cinnabarinus 2011, 27 (24):  286-291.  Abstract + ( 1359 )   PDF ( 1731851KB )   ( 860 ) To screen the new botanical acaricide, the biological activities of 8 species of plant extracts were measured in laboratory by leaching stem immersion method. The results showed that: the biological activities of Platycladus orientalis (L.) France, Euphorbia australis L., Rumex japonicas Houtt and Punica granatum Linn. at the concentration of 20 mg/mL were high, with corrected mortality over 90%, 24 hours after treatment. According to the results of the above, the contact toxicities of these 4 plant extracts against Tetranychus cinnabarinus were tested and the LC50 value of the 4 plant extracts, ranging from low to high, with plant Platycladus orientalis (L.) France at (5.3221±0.0325) mg/mL, followed by plant Euphorbia australis L. at [(6.2726±0.0264) mg/mL], plant Rumex japonicas Houtt at [(7.9278±0.0256) mg/mL] and Punica granatum Linn. at [(9.2979±0.0194) mg/mL]. In addition, killing eggs role and Spawning inhibition of Platycladus orientalis (L.) France and Euphorbia australis L. were studied. And Killing eggs poisonous forces were respectively 36.4650 mg/mL, 96.8368 mg/mL of platycladus orientalis (L.) France and Euphorbia australis L. at the concentration of 20 mg/mL for 24 hours, their oviposition inhibition were 66.81%, 48.29%, and their repellency rate were 68.86%, 35.40%.

  The Preparation and Transformation Technologies of Fusarium moniliformis 2011, 27 (24):  292-296.  Abstract + ( 1271 )   PDF ( 1686055KB )   ( 995 ) This paper researched the preparation and transformation technologies of sugarcane pokkah boeng disease pathogen——Fusarium moniliformis's protoplast through observing the precipitation's compactness, regeneration rate and the OD valve. In the paper, the effect of liquid height, centrifugal inertia force, the centrifuge tube size, the rate of deceleration to the deposition's were researched. The types of lyases and the concentration of lysing enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum’s effect to generating protoplasts were introduced in this paper too. This paper also introduced one balance method to the centrifuge. The research showed using 10 mL 0.1 g/mL lysing enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum to digest 0.5 g hypha could get lots of protoplasts; using lysing enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum mixed with driselase could get more protoplasts. Using 1 mol/L sorbital or 1.2 mol/L KCl to rinse the precipitation and then centrifuge, using the small bottom centrifuge tubes and little amount solution and slow down the centrifuge speed slowly could avoid the precipitation loosen and get more precipitation.

  Study on the Sexual Stage of the Root Rot Disease Pathogen in Jatropha curcas L. 2011, 27 (24):  297-301.  Abstract + ( 1241 )   PDF ( 1646313KB )   ( 918 ) The aim was to investigate the sexual stage of the root rot disease pathogen in Jatropha curcas L., and provide the epidemiology and control measures for the disease. By ways of field investigation, specimen collection, isolation, cultivation, pathogenicity test, morphological characteristics observation, combined with literature reviews, sexual stage of the pathogen was identified. The sexual stage of the pathogen was only produced in shading and moist environment, with different provenances of host plants being planted together; pathogenicity test showed that the teleomorph was virulent to the host plant, and the reisolates had similar morphological characteristics with that of original anamorphs; the teleomorph was identified as Haematonectria haematococca (Berkeley & Broome) Samuels & Nirenberg, and the anamorph Fusarium solani (Martius) Appel & Wollenweber. Sexual stage of the pathogen could be produced under certain conditions. Avoiding the mixed plantation of different provenances, keeping ventilation and light- penetrating, and decreasing relative humility were the measures to prevent the disease fast spreading.

  Isolation and Identification of Antagonistic Bacterium for Soft Rot in Amorphophallus konjac and the Study on Its Bioactive Substances 2011, 27 (24):  302-306.  Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 2345439KB )   ( 846 ) In the process of separating the soft rot pathogen in konjac, Wh2 was got which strongly inhibited the soft rot pathogen. According to the morphology characteristics, physiology and biochemistry tests, the comparison of 16S rDNA sequence, and HPLC-MS analysis, the Wh2 was similar Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. MS showed the active fraction was at the retention time of 18.92 min and the corresponding ultraviolet absorption peak wavelength was 229.5 nm. The molecular mass was 425 Da.

  Effect on safety to Brassica campestris of Methylamino Abamectin Benzoate Mixed with Plant Oil Substitute for Xylene Solvent 2011, 27 (24):  307-311.  Abstract + ( 1462 )   PDF ( 1368681KB )   ( 759 ) The phytotoxicity and plant growth, the amino acid, protein and chlorophyll content of Brassica camptris L. were tested, which were treated with methylamino abamectin benzoate(MAB) EC 1% mixed with plant oil (such as refining pine oil with palm, refining pine oil, and palm oil) Substitute for xylene solvent, in order to explore the effect on safety of MAB mixed with plant oil substitute for xylene solvent to B. camptris. The results showed that no clear phytotoxicity to B. camptris of two kinds of MAB mixed with refining pine oil with palm and refining pine oil, while significant phytotoxicity to B. camptris were found , which treated with high concentration of two kinds of MAB mixed with palm oil and xylene solvent. The new irrecoverable misshapen leaf of B. camptris displayed by treated with MAB EC mixed with the xylene. While the young leaves withering and wilting were caused and the symptoms disappeared followed the leaves growth of B. camptris by treated with MAB mixed with palm oil. It is indicated that the protein content decreased significantly in B. campestris after treating with high concentration of MAB EC mixed with plant oils and the amino acid content increased by different concentration treatment. No effect to chlorophyll content and the growth of B. campestris were found. It is safety to B. campestris of MAB mixed with plant oil substitute for xylene solvent.

  Effect of the Bifenthrin’s Residue in Purplish Soil on Indigenous Microorganism 2011, 27 (24):  312-316.  Abstract + ( 1374 )   PDF ( 1474170KB )   ( 772 ) In order to clarify the entironment’s effect characters of the pesticide’s residue in the purplish soil and the soil microorganisms’ response mechanism, using purplish soil, which is the most representative soil types in the Three Gorges Reservoir Areas, as experimental material, through pot-cultured maize and CFU method, the influences of bifenthrin’s residue on indigenous microbes quantity were researched. The results showed that, the low level of bifenthrin’s concentration had a significant promoting effect on indigenous bacteria. Different bifenthrin’s concentrations from low-level to high-level, the numbers of soil bacteria and actinomycetes had successive peak values over time: in the 6th day, the numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes of LB-L treatment reached 9.02×106 and 2.77×106 per gram soil respectively, which were about 9 and 3 times to the corresponding contrasts. In the 11th, the numbers of bacteria under LB-M treating were about 77 times to the control, reaching 5.19×107 per gram soil. In the 16th, bacterial numbers of LB-H treatment reached 1.71×107 per gram soil. Meanwhile, the numbers of actinomycetes of LB-M and LB-H treatments were 4.04×106 and 4.35×106 per gram soil respectively. Secondly, the residual bifenthrin in purplish soil showed a significant and rapid inhibition effect on indigenous fungi, even under the 2.50 mg/kg bifenthrin level, the numbers of fungi would significantly decrease after bifenthrin applied in the following day. Thirdly, the main three groups of indigenous microorganisms in purplish soil showed the certain ecological suitability to the residual bifenthrin. But the representations were quite different: there was a bifenthrin’s concentrational threshold level to ecological response of indigenous bacteria, while indigenous actinomycetes showed a long and stable promoting effect. However, indigenous fungi showed a recoverable and inhibitory effect. The results of experiment showed that, soil microbes and other biological factors could be used as the important evaluation index for the bifenthrin’s contaminated rhizosphere microecology of the purplish soil.