Current issue

• 2022 Vol.38 No.14 Published:15 May 2022

  Effects of Simplified Fertilization on Yield of Hybrid Rice Varieties in Mid-rice/Ratoon Rice System in No Tillage Winter Paddy Field ZHANG Lin, ZHOU Xingbing, LIU Mao, JIANG Peng, GUO Xiaoyi, GAO Shangqing, XU Wei, LI Yanrong, MEI Xiufeng, ZHU Yongchuan, XIONG Hong, XU Fuxian 2022, 38 (14):  1-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0286 Abstract + ( 213 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1442KB )   ( 30 ) To explore the effects of simplified fertilization on yield and yield components of hybrid rice varieties in mid-rice/ratoon rice system in no tillage winter paddy fields, and to screen out high-yield varieties for production, field experiments were conducted in 2016-2017. 18 hybrid mid-rice varieties were selected as materials, under the condition of no tillage winter paddy field with the total nitrogen application rate of 120 kg/hm2, nitrogen was applied by two methods as simplified fertilization SF (basal application for one time, basal: tiller: panicle fertilizer as 10∶0∶0) and conventional fertilization CF (basal: tiller: panicle fertilizer as 5∶3∶2). The results showed that the effects of the two nitrogen application methods on the yield of the first crop, the ratoon crop and their total were not significant. The yield of the first crop, the ratoon crop and their total was 9.46 t/hm2, 1.50t/hm2 and 10.96 t/hm2 under SF, respectively, 1.40%, -6.77% and 0.20% higher than that of CF, respectively. There were significant differences of the first crop, the ratoon crop and their total among the 18 hybrid varieties, their yield variation range was 8.70-10.19 t/hm2, 0.59-2.29 t/hm2, 10.21-11.57 t/hm2, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation (r=0.61) between the yield of the first crop and that of the ratoon crop. The partial correlation coefficients between the total yield and effective panicles, spikelets per panicle, grain setting rate, 1000-grain weight of the first crop and effective panicles of the ratoon crop were extremely significant, and the regression equation was established. Therefore, the simplified fertilization method of one-time basal application is an effective way to achieve high yield and labor-saving in no tillage winter paddy field. The selection of varieties with consideration of panicle and grain is conducive to the realization of high yield of mid-rice/ratoon rice system. The varieties ‘Jingyou 727’, ‘Jing3you 177’, ‘Nei6you 103’ and ‘Nei6you 107’ with high yield and nitrogen partial productivity are selected, which can be popularized in the cultivation of mid-rice/ratoon rice system in the ecological region of the experiment.

  Effects of Seed Soaking Reagents on Rapeseed Seedling Quality Under Rice-residue Returning to Field GUO Dong, HONG Yue, ZHANG Mengdie, ZHOU Kejin 2022, 38 (14):  11-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0479 Abstract + ( 191 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1827KB )   ( 47 ) The aims are to alleviate the negative effects of rice-residue returning to field on direct-seeding rapeseed, and achieve the full and strong seedling. ‘Fengyou 737’ was used as material, and the effects of different seed soaking reagents on the germination and seedling of direct-seeding rapeseed were studied under rice-residue returning to field. Results showed that under rice-residue returning to field, treated with C1 (40 mg/L gibberellin + 200 mg/L ammonium molybdate + 2000 mg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 400 mg/L boric acid) and C2 (100 μmol/L melatonin + 200 mg/L ammonium molybdate + 2000 mg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 400 mg/L boric acid), the number of seedlings per square were increased by 23.28% and 3.97% compared with that of CK. The root length and hypocotyl length of seedlings treated with C1 reagent were increased. The toot length was increased and the hypocotyl length was decreased compared with those of CK in the C2 reagent treatment. The dry matter accumulation of seedlings treated with C1 and C2 reagents were all increased compared with that of CK. We also found that C1 and C2 reagents relieved the harmful effect of rice-residue returning to field on the seedling of direct-seeding rapeseed. C2 reagent treatment was better than C1 reagent treatment by promoting the root development and strong seedling under rice-residue returning to field.

  Research Progress of Rice Anther Culture Technology WANG Min, DUAN Haiyan, JIANG Gonghao, LI Zhongmei 2022, 38 (14):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0686 Abstract + ( 286 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1207KB )   ( 85 ) The emergence of anther culture technology has greatly shortened the rice breeding cycle and accelerated the acquisition of various genotypic materials. This study reviewed anther culture technology and six key factors affecting anther culture ability, summarized the progress of rice anther culture technology, analyzed the problems existing at the present stage, and discussed the future development prospects.

  Effects of NaCl Stress on Physiological and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Properties of Wild Soybean Seedlings ZHAO Ruhao, DING Junnan, YU Shaopeng, WANG Hui, SHI Chuanqi, ZHANG Zhi, MENG Bo 2022, 38 (14):  23-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0670 Abstract + ( 210 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 24 ) In order to study the effects of NaCl stress on photosynthesis chlorophyll fluorescence properties of wild soybean seedlings, wild soybean seedlings were treated with 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% NaCl solution. The change of the photosynthesis indexes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of wild soybean seedlings were analyzed under different stress conditions. The results showed that wild soybean seedlings maintained stable growth under 0.2% NaCl stress, and Fv/Fm increased. While under 0.4%-0.8% NaCl stress, the growth and photosynthesis of wild soybean seedlings were significantly inhibited. Along with the increase of NaCl concentration, the NPQ decreased first and then increased, and Fv/Fm increased first and then decreased. Along with the increase of light, ФPSⅡ and qP of each group showed a downward trend, while ETR showed an upward trend. With the light intensity of 0-200 μmol/(m2·s), ФPSⅡ of 0.2% NaCl stress treatment group was higher than that of the control. The results indicated that 0.4% NaCl might be the critical salt concentration for the growth, physiology and photosynthesis of wild soybean seedlings. Under low light condition, ФPSⅡ of plants was promoted by low salt stress (0.2% NaCl), however, under strong light condition, the damage of salt stress to wild soybean was enhanced.

  miR395 Gene Family in Maize: Bioinformatics Analysis and Target Gene Prediction WANG Li, LU Yuncai 2022, 38 (14):  30-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0492 Abstract + ( 280 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1997KB )   ( 47 ) MicroRNA (miRNA) has the function of regulating gene expression. In order to reveal the evolutionary rule, expression pattern and function of the maize miR395 gene family, we conducted gene mapping, multiple sequence alignment, cis-acting element analysis, secondary structure analysis, target gene prediction and analysis of expression pattern. The results showed that a total of 16 members were identified and all members were located on chromosome 2 and chromosome 10. 19 bases of zma-miR395 gene were identical, which proved that the gene family sequence was very conservative in evolution. There were 18 ABRE-type cis-acting elements, which were speculated to be involved in regulating ABA signaling to improve the maize resistance. Most of the targeted genes were involved in sulfate assimilation, and the zma-miR395 gene family participated in the sulfur metabolism of maize. Transcriptome data analysis showed that some members of the zma-miR395 gene family were down-regulated. The results can provide reference for the related maize gene function analysis.

  Research Progress of Functional Chrysanthemum in China ZHANG Huimin, CHEN Rui, XIAN Xiaolin 2022, 38 (14):  38-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0703 Abstract + ( 295 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 45 ) Functional chrysanthemum is a kind of plant with both ornamental and medicinal values. With the improvement of the quality of life and health awareness of the public, it has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the application forms, chemical components and functions, breeding and reproduction, cultivation and processing of functional chrysanthemum were reviewed, and the future development prospect of functional chrysanthemum industry was discussed. The purpose is to provide reference for functional chrysanthemum to play a better role of in health care, and for its efficient industrial production and high quality processing, thus promoting the healthy, scientific and sustainable development of functional chrysanthemum industry, and providing industrial choice and support for rural revitalization in the new era.

  Research Progress of Michelia guangdongensis LI Wenye, XU Fang, WANG Haihua, ZHU Baozhu 2022, 38 (14):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.cabs2021-0910 Abstract + ( 177 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1174KB )   ( 51 ) Michelia guangdongensis is a new and rare native tree species for foliage viewing. It has been introduced and applied in south and east China due to its high ornamental value, which is attributed to its evergreen characters and good shape, and its buds, twigs and petiole leaves are densely covered with reddish brown pubescent hair. In this review, we summarized the morphological characteristics, ecological distribution, genetic distance, photosynthetic physiology, seedling cultivation, hybrid breeding and ornamental use of M. guangdongensis, and discussed the research on its natural population, endangerment mechanisms and population genetic diversity, as well as the establishment of hybrid breeding goals, selection of new varieties, resource evaluation and cultivation of strong seedlings, in order to provide reference for the protection of this species and the development and utilization of new and excellent ornamental resources.

  Preliminary Study on the Active Substances of Different Medicinal Parts of Daphne tangutica Maxim of Different Planting Years ZHOU Zhiming, LV Biao, YAN Fang, ZHANG Chunyun, WANG Haiping, WANG Qinli, WANG Jiandong, XU Tao, ZHANG Chunmei, CHEN Ye 2022, 38 (14):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0570 Abstract + ( 460 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1513KB )   ( 22 ) This study is to analyze the contents of three components and their changes in the rhizomes and stems of wild Daphne tangutica Maxim grown in different regions and of different planting years. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ZORBAX SB-C18 (4.6 mm ×150 mm) chromatographic column were used. The mobile phases of acetonitrile: 0.05% phosphoric acid (10:90) and methanol: water (20:80) were adopted. The flow rate was 0.9 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 265 nm and 327 nm, respectively. The temperature was 40℃, and the sample load was 20 μL. The established HPLC system had good linear range (R2 > 0.999), the relative standard deviation (RSD) of precision, stability and repeatability were all less than 2%, and the recovery rate was 95.10%-95.84%. The content analysis showed that the content of syringin in the same part increased significantly in the fifth year (P< 0.05); the content of Daphentin and 7-hydroxycoumarin in the root bark and stem bark in Huzhu area and the stem bark in Haxi area decreased significantly in the fifth year (P< 0.05). The order of Daphentin and 7-hydroxycoumarin content in stem bark in Huzhu area and root bark in Haxi area was 5-year-old > 8-year-old > 3-year-old and 5-year-old > 3-year-old > 8-year-old, respectively (P< 0.05). For the same year samples, except that the content of Daphentin, 7-hydroxycoumarin and syringin in stem bark were significantly higher than those in root bark (P< 0.05), the content of Daphentin in stem bark in Haxi area was significantly higher than that in root bark and stem bark in Huzhu area (P< 0.05). The content of Daphentin of 5-year-old and 8-year-old and the content of 7-hydroxycoumarin and syringin of 3-year-old were in the order of Huzhu stem bark > Haxi stem bark > Huzhu root bark > Haxi root bark (P< 0.05); the content of syringin of 5-year-old and 8-year-old were in the order of Huzhu stem bark > Huzhu root bark > Haxi stem bark > Haxi root bark (P< 0.05). The content of most components in the same part of Daphne tangutica Maxim were higher in the fifth year; and the content of most components in stem bark was higher than that in root bark in the same year plant; the content of components in the stem bark of 5-year-old Daphne tangutica Maxim in Haxi area was the highest.

  Effect of Long-term Straw Returning on Topsoil Nutrients and Crop Yield Under Wheat-Maize Rotation LI Shouhua 2022, 38 (14):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0616 Abstract + ( 186 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1172KB )   ( 39 ) To study the effect of long-term (over ten years) straw returning on the nutrient content of the topsoil and crop yield, long-term comparative experiments of wheat straw returning were carried out from the summer of 2009. Results showed that the topsoil nutrients’ content and crops’ yield increased significantly, the annual average increase of soil organic matter was 0.333 g/kg, the annual average increase of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content was 2.2 mg/kg, the annual average increase of available phosphorus content was 1.3 mg/kg, the annual average increase of available potassium content was 3.8 mg/kg, the annual average yield increase of wheat was 144 kg/hm2, and the annual average yield increase of maize was 207.6 kg/hm2. The long-term location experiments could track the crop yield variation of wheat-maize rotation, and provide an overall package of reference for promoting crop straw returning technologies and further research on soil environment for agricultural production.

  Tobacco Residues Returning to Field: Decomposition Characteristics and Effects on Soil Nutrients and Nicotine CHEN Jin, WANG Xinyue, XIE Pengfei, ZHANG Qingfu, YANG Liu, CHEN Zhifeng, PEI Xiaodong, HUANG Jie, DENG Yongsheng, DENG Xiaohua 2022, 38 (14):  65-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0573 Abstract + ( 174 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1393KB )   ( 35 ) To clarify the decomposition characteristics of tobacco residues returning to field and the effect on the nicotine content in soil and rice plants, pot experiments were used to study the decomposition characteristics of tobacco stems and roots, and the dynamic changes of soil pH, organic matter and nutrients and nicotine. The results showed that: (1) the decomposing rate and nutrient release of tobacco roots and stems were both fast in the early stage and slow in the later stage, the cumulative release rate of each nutrient was nitrogen (N) > phosphorous (P)> potassium (K), the decomposing rate and nutrient release of tobacco roots were both slower than those of tobacco stems; after tobacco residues returning to field for 120 days, the cumulative decomposing rate of tobacco roots and stems was 45.02% and 53.82%, respectively; (2) returning tobacco stems and roots to field could increase the soil organic matter content by 9.35%-39.87%, the soil pH would decrease at the beginning, but increase after 90 days; (3) nicotine was released fast from tobacco residues, after tobacco residues returning to field for 5 days, about 50% of nicotine was released, and the nicotine in the tobacco residues was basically released after 40 days; nicotine from tobacco roots was released faster than that of tobacco stems, after 30 days, the cumulative nicotine release rate of tobacco roots and stems was 96.95% and 94.03%, respectively, and the nicotine content of each treatment soil was 0 μg/g after 90 days; rice plants absorbed trace amount of nicotine in the early stage, but the content of nicotine in the rice plants was 0 μg/g after 20 days. Overall, returning tobacco residues to field could improve soil nutrients, and there will be no nicotine residue in soil and rice plants in the later stage.

  Content and Correlation Analysis of Mineral Elements in Soil- Dictyophora rubra System in Guizhou WANG Demei, LIU Guihua, FAN Chengwu, CHAI Guanqun, LUO Muxinjian, QIN Song 2022, 38 (14):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0828 Abstract + ( 116 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1194KB )   ( 21 ) The study aims to understand the contents of mineral elements in Dictyophora rubra in Zhijin County of Guizhou Province to facilitate D. rubra growth by properly regulating the soil, and to provide a basis for the nutritional and safety evaluation of Dictyophora rubra. Through the determination of mineral elements of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) in the soil of D. rubra production base, the correlation analysis was carried out. The results showed that the average content of mineral elements in soil was in the order of Fe > K > Ca > Zn > Se. The average content of mineral elements in Dictyophora rubra was in the order of K > Ca > Fe > Zn > Se, potassium is the most abundant element. The correlation statistics of mineral elements between the base soil and D. rubra showed that the mineral element Fe had a significantly negative correlation with soil pH (P<0.05); there was a very significantly positive correlation between soil Ca and D. rubra Ca and Zn, and soil Se and D. rubra Se (P<0.01); there was a significantly positive correlation between soil K and D. rubra Fe and Zn, and soil Fe and D.rubra Fe (P<0.05). The correlation of mineral elements in the soil showed very significantly positive correlations between K and Fe, K and Se, and Ca and Zn; there was a significantly positive correlation between K and Ca, and Ca and Se at the level of 0.05; there was a very significantly negative correlation between Ca and Fe, and K and Fe. The mineral elements K and Zn, and Ca and Fe in D. rubra had a significantly positive correlation; K and Ca, K and Fe, and Ca and Zn had very significantly positive correlation. Other mineral elements had no significant correlation. Adding a certain concentration of potassium and calcium in the soil could promote the absorption of other mineral elements and improve the quality of D. rubra to a certain extent.

  Interaction Between Calcium and Organic Carbon in Soil: Research Progress and Prospect ZHAO Tianxin, E Shengzhe, YUAN Jinhua, WANG Yuxuan, YAO Jiaxuan 2022, 38 (14):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0588 Abstract + ( 270 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1078KB )   ( 81 ) Soil is the material basis for the survival of plants. The content of organic carbon in soil determines the soil fertility. To provide good material conditions for plant growth and development, it is necessary to increase soil organic carbon content. Calcium is not only an essential nutrient element for plant growth and development, but also plays an important role in soil organic carbon retention. Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanism by which calcium holds organic carbon in soil. In this paper, through the review of recent years’ domestic and overseas related literature, the main physiological functions of calcium in plants, the main forms of calcium in soil and the interaction between calcium and soil organic carbon were discussed in detail. Studies have shown that there is a significantly positive correlation between calcium and soil organic carbon content, and the exchange and organic bound calcium could affect the accumulation and transformation of SOC. At the same time, the mineral (inorganic) colloid in soil formed organic-inorganic combined humus through the bond bridge of calcium and iron and aluminum with organic matter, and calcium ions could form ion bridge on the surface of organic colloid and mineral to enhance the soil aggregates’ structure. However, there are some reports showing that soil calcium content has no obvious or negative effect on soil ability of aggregation.

  Effect of Fertilizer Management on Yield and Quality of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis Under the Condition of Water and Fertilizer Integration ZHANG Junhao, ZHANG Qi, SUN Yidi, WANG Qiang, ZHOU Mingyao 2022, 38 (14):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1202 Abstract + ( 145 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1399KB )   ( 27 ) To explore the suitable fertilizer management mode under the condition of water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation and to improve the yield and quality of leafy green vegetables in southern Jiangsu, taking conventional application of compound fertilizer as control, a pot experiment was conducted in 2020, and the effects of water-soluble fertilizer type and topdressing amount (450, 300, and 150 kg/hm2) on the growth, yield and quality of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis were studied. Compared with the conventional application, water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation under the same topdressing amount increased the leaf area of single leaf by 12.12%-20.40%, the chlorophyll content by 3.55%-4.82%, and the maximum root length by 9.67%. There was no significant difference in the average root diameter, and the yield increase could reach 39.8%. Under water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation, the leaf area of single leaf and the maximum root length of B. campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis increased obviously with the increase of topdressing amount, the chlorophyll content, average root diameter, yield, dry matter weight and soluble solid content increased with the growth process, and tended to be stable in the later period, while the content of titratable acid showed an increasing trend, and the content of reducing sugar increased first and then decreased. Under water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation, Qingshang water-soluble fertilizer was the most suitable for the growth of B. campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis, the leaf area of single leaf, the maximum root length and the yield index were all at the highest level, which were 66.07 cm2, 31.3 mm and 475 g/plant, respectively. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation could improve water and fertilizer use efficiency obviously, and guarantee plant quality and yield. Considering factors such as cost, quality and yield, applying 300 kg/hm2 of water-soluble fertilizer Qingshang as topdressing was a suitable fertilizer management strategy for B. campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis.

  The Stabilization Mechanism of Different Types of Soil Aggregates YU Jie, MIAO Shujie, QIAO Yunfa 2022, 38 (14):  89-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0504 Abstract + ( 395 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1454KB )   ( 47 ) Soil aggregate is an important part of the soil ecosystem, and can affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Its stability is the result of the combined action of binders and dispersants. To explore the effects of binders and dispersants on the stabilization mechanism of soil aggregates, the authors selected 10 main zonal soil types across the country (black soil, red soil, yellow brown soil, dark brown soil, purple soil, chestnut soil, loess soil, fluvo-aquic soil, brick red soil and aeolian sand soil) as the research objects, screened soil aggregates by wet sieving method and conducted the measurement and analysis. The results showed that in the aggregate distribution of the 10 soil types, the content of large aggregates in brick red soil (> 0.25 mm) was the highest, which was 86.77%, followed by that in black soil, which was 76.13%; the content of large aggregates in fluvo-aquic soil was the least, only 42.85%. The content of aggregates >2 mm and of 0.5-1 mm had the greatest influence on the distribution of aggregates. The organic matter content of black soil was 46.06 g/kg, significantly higher than that of other soil types, followed by that of brick red soil. The difference of soil organic matters was most significant when the aggregate size was <0.053 mm, and the organic matter trend was the same as the whole soil when the aggregate size was >2 mm. Chestnut soil had the highest exchangeable sodium content among the 10 soil types, which was 234.48 mg/kg, followed by fluvo-aquic soil with the content of 177.08 mg/kg. On the whole, the organic matter content was positively correlated with the stability of soil aggregates (r=0.615), exchangeable sodium content was negatively correlated with soil aggregates (r=-0.391), and the significant correlation between organic matter and the stability of aggregates was obvious on the aggregate size of 0.053-0.25 mm. The stabilization of soil aggregates was caused by the combined action of organic matter and exchangeable sodium, increasing the same unit of organic matter and exchangeable sodium, the stabilizing effect of organic matter on aggregates was 10 times the dispersion effect of exchangeable sodium. In order to better protect the soil, organic fertilizers with relatively low sodium content should be used in agricultural production to reduce the damage to the soil structure by human activities.

  Effects of Intensified Measures on Microbial Diversity in Copper Contaminated Soil ZHANG Qian, ZHANG Guowei, SHANG Kankan 2022, 38 (14):  96-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0550 Abstract + ( 161 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2145KB )   ( 30 ) The effects of different intensified measures on microbial diversity in copper contaminated soil were explored to provide basic data and reference for explaining the mechanism of soil microorganisms affecting the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals by plants and improving the efficiency of plant-microbe combined remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. Illumina-miseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the V3-V4 region fragments of 16SrDNA gene under different intensified treatment measures in combination with field plot experiment, to reveal the composition and difference of microbial communities. The results show that a total of 42 phyla, 145 classes, 359 orders, 562 families, 1060 genera and 2290 species are identified in five different treatments. The composition of soil microbial community in different treatments is similar at phylum level, and the dominant species are same. The phyla with high abundance are Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes. There are significant differences in soil microbial composition among different treatments at OTU level, and the order of effect on microbial community is copper stress > chelating agent > organic matter cover. Specific species appear in different treatments and the difference between blank control treatment and other treatments is the largest. The microbial community composition of copper stress treatment and organic matter cover treatment are the most similar. Cu stress increases the richness of soil microbial community. The diversity and richness of soil microorganisms are the highest under chelating agent treatment, and the difference of microbial community diversity between chelating agent treatment and organic matter cover treatment reaches a significant level.

  Current Situation, Risk and Prevention Countermeasures of Mulching Film Residues in Binzhou, Shandong SONG Yun, FAN Ping, WANG Min, LI Hongmei, CAO Zhihong, HAN Wei 2022, 38 (14):  104-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0586 Abstract + ( 201 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1541KB )   ( 32 ) Agricultural mulching film plays an irreplaceable role in agricultural production, but the negative effects are more and more prominent with the increase of its service life, such as affecting the physical and chemical properties of soil, affecting the growth and development of crops, causing environmental pollution and so on. As a traditional agricultural city, Binzhou has a long history of using mulching film. The large-scale use of agricultural film and mulching film provides a guarantee for the increase of agricultural production and farmers’ income, but the problems caused by residual film are getting worse. In this paper, the data of agricultural film and mulching film amount and coverage area in Binzhou from 1999 to 2020 and the residual film detection data of Beishi village of Shejia Town and Fuquanwangjia village of Liupu Town in Wudi County, which are the state-controlled monitoring points of the national mulching film residue monitoring network, were analyzed. The results showed that the residual film amount in Binzhou had a high level. Due to the characteristics that the plastic film is not easy to decompose, a series of adverse effects might occur in the later stage. According to the risks caused by mulching film residues, prevention countermeasures are proposed, including promoting standard thick mulching film, establishing mulching film supervision and recovery mechanism, developing full biodegradable mulching film replacement technology and publicizing and demonstrating suitable uncovering film planting technology, aiming to provide a basis for guiding agricultural production in the future.

  Multidrug Resistance Detection of Strawberry Gray Mold Strains in Jiangsu Province XIAO Ting, QIAN Rongming, ZHANG Furong, ZHOU Bin, WU Huiqiu, JI Sen, SONG Junxian, ZHUANG Yiqing, YANG Jinghui 2022, 38 (14):  110-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1013 Abstract + ( 195 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1406KB )   ( 23 ) The purpose is to clarify the resistance level of Botrytis cinerea to common fungicides in main strawberry producing areas of Jiangsu Province. The resistance of 236 strains of Botrytis cinerea collected in 2019 and 2020 to 13 fungicides were measured by discriminative dose method, and the resistant frequency and multidrug resistance of the strains were analyzed. The results showed that all strains of Botrytis cinerea were sensitive to fludioxonil (Flu), but resistant to carbendazim (Car), pyraclostrobin (Pyra), iprodione (Ipr), procymidone (Pro), pyrimethanil (Pyr), and their resistant frequencies were 58.05%, 55.01%, 51.44%, 45.80%, and 33.94%, respectively. Strains of Botrytis cinerea had different resistance levels to different fungicides in different regions, the resistant strains were the dominant species in Lishui, Kunshan, Jiangyan and Tongshan, and the sensitive strains were the main species in Wuxi and Changzhou. According to the distribution of inhibitive rate of each fungicide, the tested fungicides were divided into three types: sensitive, sensitive decrease and resistant. A total of 9 resistant types were detected in this study, including PyraR(7.32%), CarR(6.50%), PyrR(0.81%), CarR PyrR (3.25%), CarR PyraR(14.63%), CarR BosR(1.63%), CarR PyraRPyrR (23.58%), CarRBosRPyraR(7.31%), and CarRBosRPyraRPyrR (34.15%). The Botrytis cinerea strains of strawberry in Jiangsu Province basically have lost sensitivity to carbendazim and pyraclostrobin, and are sensitive decrease to iprodione, procymidone, pyramidamide and tebuconazole. CarRPyraRPyrR and CarRBosRPyraR PyrR are the dominant populations. It is recommended to use different types of fungicides to control Botrytis cinerea alternately in the resistance management measures.

  Comparison of Muscle Nutritional Components of Micropterus salmoides from 2 Populations Under Different Culture Modes SONG Limin, JIANG Jufeng, WANG Yu, XU Xiaoli, DING Ziyuan, HAO Jun, XU Lintong 2022, 38 (14):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0554 Abstract + ( 255 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 27 ) In order to evaluate the effects of different culture modes on muscle nutritional components of Micropterus salmoides from 2 genetic background populations comprehensively, and to optimize breeding combination and guide consumption, 2 progeny populations of Micropterus salmoides were selected as experimental materials, combined with 2 breeding modes, and then 4 experimental groups were set up. After 8 months of culture, the nutritional components in the back muscle of M. salmoides of each experimental group were detected and analyzed according to the national standard method. The results showed that, the muscle water content of group C was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05), and the crude protein content of group C was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). ΣTAA, ΣEAA, ΣNEAA, ΣHEAA, ΣDAA and ΣEAA/ΣNEAA of group B were significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the ΣEAA/ΣTAA values among group B, C and D (P>0.05), but the ΣEAA/ΣTAA value of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the ΣDAA/ΣTAA values among all the groups (P>0.05). The content data of 16 fatty acids, 13 fatty acids, 13 fatty acids and 12 fatty acids were obtained from group A, B, C and D respectively; the contents of SFA, MUFA, EPA+DHA, PUFA, UPA and FA in group B were significantly higher than those in other experimental groups (P<0.05), only UFA/SFA in group B was significantly lower than that in group C and D (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between group B and A (P>0.05). The content of K was the highest among the four macroelements detected in the experimental groups, in addition, it was significantly higher in group B (4239.33 mg/kg) than that in other groups (P<0.05); the content of Na was second only to that of K, and it was significantly lower in group B (306.87 mg/kg) than that in other groups (P<0.05). In summary, the experiment showed that the fish products obtained from the YL3 breeding in flume recirculating aquaculture mode had a certain advantage of protein accumulation; the fish products obtained from the TL breeding in traditional pond mode had higher content of amino acids and fatty acids, and relatively high ratio of K/Na.

  Spatial-temporal Difference and Dynamic Evolution of Green Technology Innovation Efficiency in the Tertiary Industry CHEN Hong 2022, 38 (14):  124-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0546 Abstract + ( 272 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1403KB )   ( 32 ) The purpose of this research is to put forward suggestions to improve the level of green technology innovation in the tertiary industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and provide a theoretical basis for promoting the synergistic high-quality development of the economic belt. Based on the Min-DS model, this paper measured the efficiency of green technology innovation in the tertiary industry from 2001 to 2018. The characteristics, sources and dynamic evolution of the spatial-temporal differences in the region and its sub-regions were revealed by integrating Dagum’s Gini coefficient with Kernel density estimation. Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example, it is found that: during the observation period, the efficiency of green technology innovation in the tertiary industry in the economic belt was generally on the rise, and the efficiency of downstream regions had significant advantages; however, there were large differences in the trend of efficiency change in various provinces, and the spatial distribution of efficiency intensity region changed with time; the spatial-temporal differences of the efficiency of green technology innovation in and between the upstream, midstream and downstream regions were major sources of the differences in the economic belt. This paper systematically analyzed the distribution and evolution characteristics of green technology innovation efficiency in the tertiary industry of the Yangtze River Economy Belt, and obtained an effective path to improve the level of green technology innovation.

  Emergy Structure, Efficiency and Driving Factors of Agricultural Input and Output in the Yangtze River Economic Belt LIU Hongguang, DONG Xiaocui 2022, 38 (14):  130-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0429 Abstract + ( 171 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1372KB )   ( 47 ) The Yangtze River Economic Belt is a strategic development area with a high level of economic and social development in China. The modern agricultural production mode has brought serious pressure on the sustainable use of agricultural land. This study aims to provide scientific basis, data support and reasonable suggestions for the high-quality and green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Based on the method of emergy analysis, this study calculated and constructed the emergy efficiency index system for the input-output projects of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2018, and made an in-depth study on the emergy structure and efficiency of agricultural input-output in this region. The results showed that the total emergy input and total emergy output of the Yangtze River Economic Belt had an upward trend from 2010 to 2018, the total emergy output was always lower than the input, the input of non-renewable industrial auxiliary emergy was relatively high, the agricultural land use structure was unreasonable, the resource utilization efficiency was low, and the agricultural system had developed into a slightly unsustainable state by 2018, Among them, the input structure was the most important factor to affect the sustainable development of agriculture in these nine years. Therefore, the Yangtze River Economic Belt needs to actively adjust the agricultural input structure, reduce the dependence on external auxiliary emergy, especially the non-renewable industrial auxiliary emergy, and improve the efficiency of resource utilization, so as to realize the sustainable development of agriculture.

  The Development of Agricultural Industrialization Consortium in Metropolitan Areas ——A Case Study of Pudong New Area, Shanghai WANG Liyuan, MA Ying, MA Jia 2022, 38 (14):  139-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0572 Abstract + ( 210 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1159KB )   ( 33 ) Agricultural industrialization consortium is an important form of agricultural operation organization alliance, and also an important way to promote rural revitalization. The purpose of this study is to explore the effective measures to enhance agricultural industrialization consortium in the context of metropolitan environment. Taking the development of agricultural industrialization consortium in Pudong New Area of Shanghai as an example, this paper expounded the current situation of the development of agricultural industrialization consortium in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from the aspects of development goal, development mode, benefit sharing, enterprise driving, brand leading, and etc. It analyzed the main bottleneck in the development process. Based on the analysis of the mode and experience of agricultural industrialization consortium at home and abroad, the paper put forward some suggestions to promote the development of agricultural industrialization consortium in Pudong New Area, such as strengthening organization and leadership, learning from international experience, improving supporting services, taking multiple measures and expanding channels.

  The Spatial Disturbance of the Evolution of Rice Production Pattern and Influencing Factors in Main Grain Sales Area: A Case of Guangdong YANG Zhenyu, FANG Wei, HUANG Liyun 2022, 38 (14):  147-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0762 Abstract + ( 175 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1319KB )   ( 28 ) To study the process of China’s grain production being squeezed by economic development, this study took Guangdong Province, the country’s largest grain sales area, as an example, and used spatial autocorrelation analysis and SDM regression method to conduct spatial econometric analysis of 121 counties, to explore the grain production change and regional evolution in the past 20 years. The results showed that the spatial distribution of grain production in Guangdong was not random; instead, it presented a gradually increasing spatial agglomeration. Regional changes in food production were driven by both labor transfer and capital. On the one hand, food production was still a labor-intensive industry, and the support of agricultural labor to the grain output level was still the main condition for the existence of the main grain production areas in Guangdong; on the other hand, capital’s entry into agriculture had caused geographic transfer of the food industry through push and pull. This study believes that we should highlight the influence of grain production pattern on policy making, and scientifically designate grain production and marketing counties while carefully plan functional areas for the production of grain and important agricultural products.

  Change Characteristics and Driving Factors of Employees in the Primary Industry in Sichuan Province WANG Xie, ZENG Qiguo, TANG Tian, ZHANG Jianhua, ZHU Yuhong 2022, 38 (14):  155-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1156 Abstract + ( 205 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 30 ) Agricultural population is one of the important bases of agricultural development in Sichuan Province. Finding out the key driving factors for the change of the primary industry employees in Sichuan Province has practical significance for the formulation of regional policies. Based on this, the paper selected 25 potential driving factors from eight aspects of employment structure, economic development level, medical and education resources, agricultural science and technology progress, population quality, migration cost, spatial location and farming conditions. Using population measurement method, stepwise regression analysis method and structural equation model, the paper analyzed the change characteristics of the number of employees in the primary industry and the driving factors affecting the change with a total of 21 cities in five economic zones in Sichuan Province from 1999 to 2008 and from 2008 to 2018 as the research objects. The results showed that, (1) from 1999 to 2018, the primary industry employees in 80.95 % of cities (prefectures) continued to decrease, and the primary industry employees in 9.52 % of cities (prefectures) continued to decrease after an increase; (2) the change of employees in the primary industry from 1999 to 2018 was closely related to terrain; (3) in addition to terrain, the main driving factors from 1999 to 2008 included the change of population birth rate, the number of middle school students and the output value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industry; the active driving factors from 2008 to 2018 also included housing price and agricultural mechanization level; (4) in 1999-2008, the impact of regional average slope on the annual gradient rate of the primary industry employees was mainly through the indirect effect on the annual gradient of secondary school students and birth rate, but the direct effect could not be ignored; (5) in 2008-2018, the annual change rate of agricultural motor number had a direct and effective impact on the annual change rate of employees in the primary industry, the promotion and application of agricultural machinery could promote more people to engage in the production of the primary industry. The above research results suggest that the internal mechanism of the loss of agricultural labor has obvious time differentiation. At present, although the regional differentiation of agricultural labor force is obvious, the direct effect of agricultural science and technology has been further highlighted, and it is expected to rely on agricultural science and technology to break the regional differentiation law of employees in the primary industry in the future.