Abstract:

To study the differences of maize growth and yield formation under different planting patterns, the maize variety‘Jingnongke728’was used as material, and three planting patterns were set up, including 65 cm even ridge (CK), 68 cm even tillage (M1) and 136 cm double lines width ridge (M2). The seedling quality, plant morphology, photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield factors were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the CK, the seedling density of M2 increased obviously, the plant distance of M2 decreased significantly, and the variation coefficient was lower. The plant height, ear position, leaf area index and dry weight per plant of M2 decreased by 12.61%, 11.21%, 1.59% and 3.67%, respectively, the luxuriant degree was relatively low, but the decreasing extent of leaf area index and dry weight per plant were less. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide and transpiration rate of M2 increased by 25.24%, 25.41%, 53.60% and 14.82%, respectively, which improved the photosynthetic performance of functional leaf. The yield of M2 also increased by 12.60% and 17.59% in 2017 and 2018, respectively, and the main reason for yield improvement was the increase of ear number of population harvest. This study recommends the suitable cultivation model for maize production in the first accumulative temperature zone of Heilongjiang Province is the 136 cm double lines width ridge (wide line 90 cm+ narrow line 46 cm).

Key words: maize, planting pattern, growth, development, yield