Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.16 Published:05 June 2014

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  Natural Vegetation Succession Characteristics of Qintu Lake Salinization Abandoned Lands in Minqin 2014, 30 (16):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2650 Abstract + ( 1155 )   PDF ( 698612KB )   ( 569 ) In this study, the author selected salinization abandoned farmland in different years, through sampling methods surveyed and analyzed these abandoned farmland chamaephytes composition, structure, quantity, etc. community characteristics and vegetation succession regular pattern. The results showed that: the first invasion of salinization abandoned farmland was a large perennial herb and annual herb, then gradually over the shrub community types, until the formation of relatively stable shrub, and half-shrub communities. Abandoned farmland in the early was salt tolerance herb as dominant, with abandoned farmland time, herb fading away but the shrub community development, and to form a monodominant community like Lycium ruthenicum Murr or Kalidium cuspidatum, in some sections the formation of Lycium ruthenicum Murr, and Kalidium cuspidatum for the excellent kind of community types. Species was richness, and Simpson index was higher on early abandoned farmland; with abandoned farmland time prolonged, species richness and Simpson index were lower, finally reached a relatively stable state; ecological dominance of dominant populations was the more improvement and the abandoned farmland becomes longer. Salinization of farmland reflected the standing vegetation types succession to a single trend. By the Lycium ruthenicum or Kalidium cuspidatum as the dominant species formed shrub communities were 2 formed a relatively stable community types on Minqin salinization abandoned farmlands, the dominant species (Lycium ruthenicum and Kalidium cuspidatum) density was of 23100/hm2 and 31500/hm2, respectively.

  Effects of Short-term Enclosure on Soil Respiration Rate of Sub-alpine Meadow in Northwestern Yunnan 2014, 30 (16):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3101 Abstract + ( 896 )   PDF ( 630378KB )   ( 470 ) In our experiment, we study soil respiration, soil temperature and soil water content as well as vegetation coverage of sub-alpine meadow in northwestern Yunnan Province after two-year enclosure in order to learn short-term enclosure effects. The results showed that short-term enclosure not only significantly increased the soil respiration rate in both spring and summer, but also significantly improved vegetation coverage when compared with the control. In the spring, short-term enclosure had no significant effect on soil temperature (P>0.05), whereas it was significantly improved in summer (P<0.01). According to correlation analysis between the soil respiration, soil temperature and soil water content, no significance was observed in both spring and summer after short-term enclosure. However, significant negative correlation was observed between soil temperature and soil water content of alpine meadow without fencing (P<0.05).

  Adventitious Buds Induction and Elongation from Mature Zygotic Embryo of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. 2014, 30 (16):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3268 Abstract + ( 611 )   PDF ( 954902KB )   ( 393 ) In this study, mature zygotic embryos of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. was used for a preliminary investigation on the organogenesis of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.. Different disinfection methods were utilized to process with the explants and an orthogonal experiment designed with 6-BA, NAA and sucrose was employed to investigate the induction of adventitious buds. Moreover, a few activated carbons were added to the medium in the elongation phase. The results showed that (1) the optimal disinfection method was that after rinsed in running water for 12 hours, the seeds were surface decontaminated with 75% ethanol for 3 minutes and then disinfected with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 10 minutes; (2) The best combination of adventitious buds induction was DCR medium supplemented with 4 mg/L 6-BA, 0.1 mg/L NAA and 40 g/L sucrose under a light intensity of 2000 lx, in which NAA and sucrose were no significant effect; (3) 1.0 g/L activated carbon played a positive role in elongating of adventitious buds, which was 0.43 cm average elongation. It is significantly theoretical and practical basis for the organogenesis and further genetic transformation research of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr..

  Analysis of Relationship Among Tree Height, Basal Diameter, Crown Diameter and Breast Diameter in the Populus euphratica Plantation 姜 喜 2014, 30 (16):  18-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2923 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 488542KB )   ( 546 ) In order to provide basis for afforestation designs, business programming and determination of tending thinning intensity in the artificial forests of Populus euphratica, the Populus euphratica plantation in the upper riparian reaches of Tarim River was taken as the research object to study the relationship among tree height, basal diameter, crown diameter and breast diameter. The result showed that: regression equation of tree height and breast diameter in Populus euphratica, which was H=12.8737/[1 + e(1.4228- 0.1781D)], the regression equation of basal diameter and breast diameter in Populus euphratica was D0=1.2839D1.3+0.1465, the regression equation of breast diameter and basal diameter was D1.3=0.7516D0+0.4071; meanwhile, the regression equation of crown diameter and breast diameter in Populus euphratica was CW= 0.1897D1.3+0.6911. The stand mean diameter of the Populus euphratica plantation was placed by equation, and obtained by estimate the diameter of each diameter average crown. According to the formula of circle calculated nutritive area, the unit area to remove nutritive area, which was theoretical density of the Populus euphratica plantation.

  The Study of Color-emerging Mechanism of Leaves at Different Leaf Position of Ulmus pumila‘Jinye’ 2014, 30 (16):  22-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3181 Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 827613KB )   ( 500 ) This study probed the pigment content and photosynthetic physiological parameters of leaf blades at different leaf positions on Ulmus pumila‘Jinye’, aiming at elucidating color-emerging mechanism of leaves. The results indicated that the content of chlorophyll a and b increased from the top to the base on the same branch, while carotenoids, anthocyanin and color parameters named L, a, b gradually decreased. Under the same light intensity, In terms of photosynthetic rate, leaves at the top of branches higher significantly than leaves in middle parts and basal parts of branches. It was noticed that there was no accumulation of photosynthetic products in the first blade from tops, and photosynthesis rate of seventh blade in the middle part of a branch was as high as 12μmolCO2/(m2·s). ETO/CS increased significantly from the first leaf to the seventh leaf, and then became stable up to the 12th leaf at the base of a branch. DIO/CS, decreased along with the lowering of leaf position at a branch, which implied that the young and gold yellow leaves adopt a lightprotection mechanism by heat dissipation and fluorescence emission. Fv/Fm was higher than 0.8 in the leaves located lower than the 9th leaf, which meant that the leaves growing in base part of a branch were in good health. The performance index, photosynthetic driving force of 11th and 12th leaf was significantly higher than that of the leaves sited in upper part of a branch, and there was not significant difference compared to ordinary white elm. The results suggested that the green leaves growing in inner space of canopy or in lower part of a branch could absorb weak photon fluxes and produce photochemical reactions; meanwhile, they had high ability to resisting adversity. Experiment showed that the leaf blade color had a very significant positive correlation with carotenoid content, and the color of leaf was modulated by light conditions and photosynthesis state, which suggested that the gold yellow color of leaf in Ulmus pumila‘Jinye’was a kind of ecological phenotype.

  Study on Grading Standard of Seedling Quality of One Year Old Container Seedlings of Phoebe zhennan 2014, 30 (16):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3388 Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 578127KB )   ( 537 ) In order to improve the survival ratio of planting seedlings of Phoebe zhennan, the grading standard of 1 years old container seedlings of Phoebe zhennan was studied using cluster analysis. The results showed that the seedling quality might be estimated by seedling height and basal diameter. Three grades were determined: Grade One (seedling height≥ 38 cm, basal diameter≥ 0.65 cm), Grade Two (38 cm> seedling height≥ 31.7 cm, 0.65 cm> basal diameter≥ 0.56 cm), Grade Three (seedling height< 31.7 cm, basal diameter< 0.56 cm).

  Effects of NaOH Treatment on Breaking Dormancy and Physiological and Chemistry Characteristic of Tilia amurensis Rupr. Seeds 2014, 30 (16):  35-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3320 Abstract + ( 725 )   PDF ( 711157KB )   ( 420 ) The Tilia amurensis Rupr. seed without pericarp was researched by NaOH in order to discuss the mechanism of breaking dormancy, and the changes of storage substance content in the integrative treated. Germination potential, germination rate and storage substance content were determined during seed germination of Tilia amurensis Rupr. by socking in NaOH. The results showed, all of them could reach the goal, but the best method was treating with 30% NaOH for 1.5 h. The average germination potential and germination rate were 38% and 71.66%, 20% NaOH for 1.5 h and 10% NaOH for 6 h were the secondplace. Compared with control, the starch, soluble protein and soluble sugar declined rapidly after germination, and the amylase changed with“W”after treated by NaOH. NaOH treatments were used to break seed coat barrier and change reactions of physiology and bio-chemistry in Tilia amurensis Rupr. seeds effectively.

  Studies on the Precipitation Redistribution of Eucommia ulmoides Plantation 2014, 30 (16):  41-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0367 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 710355KB )   ( 532 ) In order to analyze the precipitation redistribution in Eucommia ulmoides plantation, using the method of positioned testing, the author made a study on the precipitation, throughfall, stemflow and interception of the Eucommia ulmoides plantation in Wulingshan District in 2012, and. The results demonstrated that throughfall, stemflow and interception accounted for 80.98%, 17.92% and 1.10% of the precipitation, respectively. The study also showed a clear linear relationship between the throughfall and the precipitation, the same to the relationship between the interception and the precipitation. However, there was an exponential relationship between the stemflow and the precipitation, and the stemflow rate presented significant negative correlation with the precipitation (r=-0.384, N=141, P<0.01). In addition, the study indicated that, under different phenological stages, the average precipitation decreased followed the sequence of dormancy stage, germination stage, abscission stage, and growing stage. While the stemflow rate fell according to the sequence of abscission stage, dormancy stage, germination stage, and growing stage. Both of the minimum value of stemflow and throughfall occurs at the growing stage. It could be seen that redistribution might not be the same under different phenological stages in spite of same precipitation. In conclusion, the phenological stage played an important role in precipitation redistribution.

  Studies on Field Sowing Practice and the Cultivation Technology of Strong Root and Seedling of Phoebe bournei 2014, 30 (16):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3116 Abstract + ( 892 )   PDF ( 463478KB )   ( 607 ) In order to research technical issues of field sowing practice and the cultivation technology of strong root and seedling of Phoebe bournei, field sowing seedlings of Phoebe bournei were studied. Technologies of root- cutting and rooting and propagation agents were used to study and compare these targets on seedling height, ground diameter and the number of lateral roots of Phoebe bournei. The results showed that: the seedling height, ground diameter, the number of lateral roots whose length were greater than 3 cm, lateral root length of root- cutting seedlings were clearly better than intact roots. Different concentration rooting and propagation agents were set to spray foliage of seedlings. There was an extremely significant difference in average root length, seedling height, ground diameter and the number of roots whose length were greater than 3 cm under various treatments. The optimum concentration agents were 1000 times diluents, which could make the number of lateral roots increase by more than 50%, lateral root length increase by more than 20%, seedling height increase by more than 30%, ground diameter increase by more than 20%, compared with CK.

  Comparative Observation and Clones Choosing of Two-year Catalpa duclouxii Dode Clones Forest in Coastal Area 2014, 30 (16):  53-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3062 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 481281KB )   ( 450 ) Sixty-one Catalpa duclouxii clones, were induced to choose better clones in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province. Growth indices, such as diameter at breast height (DBH), height (H), were monitored in a Catalpa duclouxii test forest. The range was 1.47-4.55 cm, with the mean of 2.57 cm, for DBH, and 1.44-3.58 m, with mean of 2.27 m for H. 61 clones were clustered to 4 group through cluster analysis, and significantly differences were found among these 4 groups for DBH and H. 040, 36-1, gz-11, yn-031-2, yn-041-5, yn-042-1, yn-1, yn-2, yn-36, 109-1, 142-2 were chose out due to higher DBH and H. These 11 clones could be pay more attention to.

  Adventitious Bud Regeneration from Leaves of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Cultivars 2014, 30 (16):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3119 Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 663621KB )   ( 458 ) The aims were to establish Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum cultivars efficient regeneration system and lay a foundation for solving the problem of gene engineering breeding. In this paper, the regeneration system of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum cultivars in vitro was studied with leaves as explants. Some factors such as different cultivars, illumination condition, and hormone concentration and so on were investigated. The results showed the regeneration efficiency of leaves was different. The highest one was in L. chinense var. rubrum‘MeihongXiyeqing’, followed L. chinense var. rubrum‘Changye Meihong’and variegated variation of L. chinense var. rubrum No.2. It could have higher regeneration efficiency when the leaves with the treatment by white light and red light and laid on the medium in adaxial side down, after 70 days, their regeneration frequency were 50% and 25%. The optimal bud regeneration medium from leaves of L. chinense var. rubrum‘Meihong Xiyeqing’was MS + 6- BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L, the induction frequency was 41.6% . The appropriate medium for adventitious bud induction from leaves of L. chinense var. rubrum‘Changye Meihong’was MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA1.0 mg/L, the induction frequency was 33.3%.

  Effects of the Soil Moisture on Growth and Photosynthetic Fluorescence Parameters of Ammopiptanthus Seedlings 2014, 30 (16):  62-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2955 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 546968KB )   ( 640 ) In order to clarify morphological and physiological responses of Ammopiptanthus seedlings on soil moisture , eight-month old seedlings of Ammopiptanthus were cultivated for three months in four kinds of soil conditions along 1.90%-2.19%, 3.40%-3.59%, 5.40%-5.59% and 8.20%-8.39%. With vernier caliper, ruler, LI-6400xt photosynthetic apparatus and 6400XT-40 fluorescent leaf chamber, their growth and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters were measured and analyzed respectively. The results showed that the soil water content had a great significant effect on growth and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of ammopiptanthus seedlings. When the soil water content was lower than 3.40%, the growth of Ammopiptanthus seedlings were seriously inhibited, and some of their leaves changed into yellow or withered. Simultaneously, with the soil water stress gradually intensified, all of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate(Tr) of Ammopiptanthus seedlings gradually reduced, and its intercellular CO2 molar concentration (Ci) first decreased and then increased. And it also implied that the soil water stress made the stomatal limitation turned into nonstomatal limitation, which resulted in the decease of leaf photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, as the duress of soil moisture exacerbated, the determination of chlorophyll-fluorescence parameters revealed that the PSII maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), the Photo-synthetic electron transport (ETR) and the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) reduced, the steady-state fluorescence parameters (Fs) intermittent decreased, and the photochemical quenching coefficient qN and NPQ increased. In addition, the damage of PSII brought inactivation of photosynthesis center, decreased both primary capture capacity and assimilation efficiency of light energy, increased light energy consumption by means of heat, and final weakened photosynthesis capacity of Ammopiptanthus seedlings.

  Analysis on the Hyperspectral Characteristics of Indicative vegitations in the East Dongting Lake Wetland 2014, 30 (16):  67-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3231 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 933747KB )   ( 530 ) In order to establish the spectra database of indicative vegetations in the East Dongting Lake Wetland, the author obtained hyperspectral remote sensing window by analyzing the hyperspectral characteristics of indicative vegetations in that area, which could provide technological supports for the wetland health. 5 typical types of wetland vegetations in the East Dongting Lake, those were Carex, Artemisia, Phragmites communis, Polygonum hydropiper, and Juncus effusus., were chosen as the indicator vegetations to be investigated. The spectral characteristics, the distinguish bands, and the fundamental rules of 5 indicated vegetations based on field measurement had been analyzed. The results demonstrated that: (1) there were obvious differences among the waveband of 610-680 nm, 810-880 nm, 1030-1100 nm, 1170-1240 nm, and 1635-1705 nm; especially in the waveband of 1030-1100 nm, the spectrum difference among those 5 indicative vegetations is most distinct, and the distinguish of the spectral curve was shaper; (2) by transmitting spectral reflectance (R) of 5 wetland vegetations, namely, Carex, Artemisia, Phragmites communis, Polygonum hydropiper, Juncus effusus into LOG(1/R), a band of 660-680 nm which could be used to distinguish those 5 plants, was achieved, where the reciprocal’s logarithm of 5 vegetations were listed from lowest to highest, namely, Carex, Artemisia, Phragmites communis, Juncus effusus, Artemisia; (3) after denoising and LOG(1/R) of the same wetland vegetation with different spectral data, the band of 500-700 nm could obviously distinguish the growing state of the sedge, that was, spectral reflectance’s LOG(1/R) of Carex in good condition was higher than that of Carex in bad condition.

  Progress of Molecular Marker Technology in the Application of Pepper Research 2014, 30 (16):  71-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2834 Abstract + ( 775 )   PDF ( 568795KB )   ( 1056 ) As an important tool for biological research, molecular markers played an important role in crop conventional breeding. In order to construct pepper marker- assisted selection system for achieving a combination of conventional breeding and modern biological techniques, great progress in pepper genetic diversity, genetic linkage map construction, marker-assisted selection and gene clone had been summarized. It showed that molecular marker used in pepper research was not well studied, basic information limitation and genetic linkage map rough. Many studies must be strengthened in new molecular maker developing, core cultivar bio-information bank construction and refined genetic linkage map construction.

  Study Progression about Medicinal Plant Cold-resistance of Physiological 2014, 30 (16):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3072 Abstract + ( 708 )   PDF ( 523437KB )   ( 700 ) The low temperature was one of the important factors to limit the growth and development of medicinal plant as well as the formation of yield quality. The study of low temperature which effected on medicinal plants would contribute to research the evolution of medicinal plants, the information and distribution of Daodi Chinese medicinal materials. This paper summarized and analyzed the interrelation of cold- resistant medicinal plants with biofilm, osmotic regulation substances, plant growth substances, active oxygen balance, protective enzyme activity and plant secondary metabolites, proposed the research on coldresistance of medicinal plants from two aspects of plants, such as adaptation and cross-disciplinary, and then provided a theoretical basis for future research on the identification of cold-resistance of medicinal plants.

  Effect of Application Ratio of Nutrition Regulator and Nano-Silicon on Heavy Metals (Lead, Cadmium) and Potassium Content of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves 2014, 30 (16):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2856 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 719838KB )   ( 454 ) In this study, On basis of our previous works and results, effect of application ratio of Nutrition Regulator(NR) and Nano-Silicon(N-Si) on Heavy Metals(Lead, Cadmium) and potassium content of Tobacco Leaves was conducted through filed experiment.The results indicated that (1) application ratio of NR and N-Si can significantly decrease soil available Pb and Cd contents which were extracted by DTPA, and Pb,Cd content of Tobacco Leaves were decreased; Pb, Cd content of Tobacco was the lowest with NR 46.02 kg/hm2, N-Si 45.00 kg/hm2 treatment; Comparing to the control, the Pb contents of upper, middle, lower leaves have fallen by 53.4%, 30.2% and 39.4% respectively ,and Cd contents of upper, middle, lower leaves were down by 46.8%, 49.7%, 54.6% respectively; (2) The combined application of NR and N-Si can significantly increase the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco; One of the best was the results by treatment 5, the potassium content in the upper, middle and lower leaves was 61.4%, 42.1% and 56.6% more than CK respectively; The potassium content of flue-cured tobacco increased as the order of middle leaves > lower leaves > upper leaves; Both of potassium content of middle leaves and upper leaves have reached the standards(3%) of high quality tobacco leaves.

  Study on the Effects of Different Water Content and Agent on the Mushroom Residue Composting 2014, 30 (16):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2184 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 558488KB )   ( 537 ) In order to find out the influence of treating mushroom residue with different water content and microbial agents on composting, the mushroom residue with different water content and microbial agents were studied in the paper, the physical and chemical properties change of the mushroom residue and the effect of the water content and microbial agents on mushroom residue were analyzed. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of the mushroom residue with different treatment are improved greatly, the result of the mushroom residue with 30-35% water content was best, and which followed by 40%-45% water content and adding microbial agents, and then was with 45%-50% water content and the result of mushroom residue with 20%-25% and 60%-65% were worst.

  Effects of Different Light Quality on Endogenous Hormones of Dwarf Cucumber Seedlings 2014, 30 (16):  96-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2977 Abstract + ( 845 )   PDF ( 679825KB )   ( 576 ) In order to study the effects of different light qualities on endogenous hormones of dwarf cucumber seedlings, then a preliminary discussion was made on the dwarf mechanism of dwarf cucumber. By covering sprawl cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) 129 and dwarf cucumber D0462 with white, blue and Red films to obtain different light qualities.The content of gibberellic acid (GA3), indole acetic acid (IAA) and Abscisic acid (ABA)of different light qualities on leaves and hypocotyls were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that it was significantly or very significantly lower than white and red light for the content of endogenous hormones GA3, IAA of leaves and hypocotyls of D0462, after the treatment of blue light. The content of ABA was significantly higher than that of white and red light. Meanwhile, it was significantly lower than 129 for the content of GA3 and IAA of D0462, the content of ABA was significantly higher than 129. After the treatment of blue light, it was significantly lower than white for the ratio GA3/ABA, IAA/ABA, (GA3+IAA)/ABA of hypocotyls of D0462, but also significantly lower than 129. Based on the results, blue light may be the cause of dwarf cucumber D0462 dwarf.

  Construction of Mathematic Model on Balanced Fertilization of N, P and K for Melon 2014, 30 (16):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3121 Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 552427KB )   ( 454 ) For research the effect of the economic traits of melon by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilization, by means of quadratic component rotational design, the effect of N, P and K balanced fertilization on the yield of cucumber was studied in article. The mathematic model of balanced fertilizers was established. The optimal quantity of fertilizer, the effect of single factor and the interaction effect were studied. The results showed that between N and P, between N and K, between P and K had significant interacting effects, and the right fertilization ratio could improve the production of melon. The ratio of N:P:K were 2.03:1:3.36, and the amount of N, P2O5 and K2O respectively were 157.5, 77.4, 260.38 kg/hm2, and the highest yield of melon was 51893.205 kg/hm2.

  The Photosynthetic Characteristics of Fifteen Apricot Cultivars Under Instantaneous Change of CO2 Concentration Conditions 2014, 30 (16):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3097 Abstract + ( 720 )   PDF ( 980528KB )   ( 493 ) To study the effect of CO2 concentration on carbon assimilation and water use efficiency of apricots, and to learn more about growth potential and ecological advantages of apricots under elevated atmospheric CO2 and global warming, the author measured photosynthesis parameters of 15 2-year-old apricot varieties with a Li - 6400 portable gas analyzer under natural CO2 concentration, half CO2 concentration, doubled CO2 concentration and tripled CO2 concentration. The results showed that there was a significant change on photosynthesis of apricots under the instantaneous variable CO2 concentration conditions. While CO2 concentration was elevated, the maximum photosynthesis rate, apparent quantum yield and water use efficiency increased, dark respiration rate and light compensation point decreased, light saturation point increased nonsignificantly, and the response of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate had some differences. Under the appropriately elevated CO2 concentration conditions, lower light and water were made better use, photosynthesis was promoted, assimilates of leaves were increased and carbon cycle was accelerated.

  Rhizosphere Microbial Quantity Dynamic of Colt Cherry 2014, 30 (16):  113-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3028 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 700385KB )   ( 499 ) The aim was to know the dynamic of rhizosphere microbial quantity on colt cherry. Using dilute plate counting method and most probable number method, the dynamic of rhizosphere microbial quantity was studied on annual growth period of colt cherry. The results showed that: there was a positive correlation between the rhizosphere microbal quantity and annual growth stages of colt cherry. Rhizosphere microbial quantity began to rise at germination phase and quickly reached its peak at fruiting, seedling or flowering phase, but decreased slightly later. Microbial quantity in rhizosphere was higher than that of corresponding control except certain periods. The population structure of rhizosphere microbial varied with growth stages, which was the richest at the seedling phase and the smallest at the defoliation phase.

  Effect of different concentrations of IBA on Changes of Endogenous Hormones Levels and Adventitious Root Formation in Softwood Cutting of Rabbiteye Blueberry 2014, 30 (16):  123-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2984 Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 1811496KB )   ( 528 ) The dynamics of endogenous hormones in softwood cuttings of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivar‘Powderblue’, treated by five levels of indolebutyric acid(IBA) (0, 3000, 5000, 7000 and 9000 mg/L) were studied during adventitious root formation. The results showed that exogenous IBA increased the rooting ability of softwood cuttings of rabbiteye blueberry. Suitable levels of endogenous IAA and IAA/GA were beneficial to the formation of callus tissue and root primordium, and endogenous GA at higher level inhibited formation of adventitious root in cuttings. The function of endogenous ZT and IAA/ZT were different during different cutting periods. Low level of endogenous ZT and high level of IAA/ZT promoted differentiation and formation of root primordium during the formation of callus tissue and root primordium stage. High level of endogenous ZT and low level of IAA/ZT favored the elongation and growth of adventitious roots in cuttings. The changes of ABA and IAA/ABA were not obvious.

  Variation of Climate Suitability of Banana Planting in Hainan Island Under Climate Change 2014, 30 (16):  123-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0241 Abstract + ( 724 )   PDF ( 492178KB )   ( 530 ) In order to understand the climate suitability of banana under the background of climate change in Hainan island, the 1981-2010 and 1971-2000 climatic observation data from 18 meteorological stations were analyzed, including annual mean temperature, annually extremely lowest temperature, lowest mean temperature in January, ≥10℃ active accumulated temperature and annual sunshine hours. Based on the comparative analysis, the author drew the special changing maps of climate suitability. The results showed that annual mean temperature in Hainan island increased by 0.3℃ for the latest 30 years, annually extremely lowest temperature increased by 1.2℃, lowest mean temperature in January increased by 0.3℃, ≥10℃ active accumulated temperature increased by 108.2℃?d, annual sunshine hours meanly decreased by 59.8 h except for an increasing in middle area. The unsuitable planting regions for banana reduced by 6.2%, less suitable planting regions increased by 10.2%, and suitable planting regions reduced by 4%. The changes were especially obvious in northern and central mountainous part. The results could be as theoretical foundation for rational distribution of banana planting to improve yield and quality, as well as providing decision support to adapt the climate change in banana planting.

  The Investigation of Pollutant Removal of Terrestrial Plants from Ecological Use of Rainwater 2014, 30 (16):  131-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2515 Abstract + ( 788 )   PDF ( 827344KB )   ( 462 ) Rainwater utilization is an important way to solve water shortage in city. There are researches in theory and technology, and the LID technology is one of advanced technologies of using rainwater in China. In this article, the method of studying the purification ability of wetland plants was used to explore several kinds of terrestrial plants’purification ability for CODMn, TN, TP 3 pollutions within 24 hours. The research showed that, the terrestrial plants had the ability of cleaning polluted rainwater; there was a big difference between the different plants on the removal of CODMn, TN, TP. Also those plants presented the purification ability in different concentrations of rainwater. The results of this study provided the guidance for the plant configuration in LID technology to a certain extent.

  Effect of Successive Subculture Shoot Tips in Vitro of Lilium lancifolium on Cryopreservation 2014, 30 (16):  139-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0142 Abstract + ( 829 )   PDF ( 1800241KB )   ( 557 ) In order to study the effect of subculture times of shoot tips on cryopreservation, the survival rates of 1-4 succesive subculture shoot tips in vitro of Lilium lancifolium after cryopreservation were compared. As the results showed, the survival rates were 55.8%, 93.3%, 67.0% and 64.1%. What’s more, the second generation subcultures which had been subcultured two months got the higher survival rate than other generations. However, continuous paraffin sections of shoot tips of every generation were investigated by microscopy, the results showed the second generation plantlets was found different from others in morphological studies of protomerism cell, which involved smaller cell volume, larger cell nuclear and richer cytoplasm, and this may lead to the higher survival rate of the second generation after cryopreservation than others .

  Analysis on Phenotypic Character Diversity of Cymbidium kanran Germplasm Resources 2014, 30 (16):  143-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2967 Abstract + ( 798 )   PDF ( 472464KB )   ( 444 ) Study the phenotypic characters of Cymbidium kanran germplasms, 35 portions of Cymbidium kanran germplasms were taken as the research materials and 38 phenotypic characters were selected for diversity analysis. Variation analysis and correlation analysis were conducted to quantitative characters, probability distribution analysis to qualitative characters, and diversity analysis was conducted with Simpson’s index and Shannon-Wiener index being the evaluation indicators. The result showed all variation coefficients of the quantitative characters exceed 10% with significant variation, and there was remarkable positive correlation among the quantitative characters. Quantitative characters of petal spots, labial palp stripes and other parts were relatively stable with higher consistency. Simpson’s index and Shannon-Wiener index of petal longitudinal section shape, buccae longitudinal section shape and most of the other quantitative characters were relatively high, with relatively high diversity degree and rich diversity. In conclusion, all of those indicate the phenotypic characters of cymbidium kanran germplasms were with notable variation and rich diversity.

  The Separation Culture and Screening of IAA-Producing Endophytic Bacteria from the Roots of Phalaenopsis amabilis 2014, 30 (16):  148-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2895 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 523903KB )   ( 538 ) In order to separate indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing endophytic bacteria from Phalaenopsis amabilis roots, we investigated the optimal surface sterilization condition of Phalaenopsis amabilis roots, take the separation culture, biological and chemischial characters, and 16S rDNA analysis. The results indicated that, 6 strains isolated by NA medium were Brevibacterium, Burkholderia, Dyella and Paenibacillus. 20 strains isolated by R2A medium were Burkholderia and Dyella. A total of 23 strains were shown to produce IAA from 26 strains. In general, diverse and abundant communities of IAA-producing endophytic bacteria exist in the roots of Phalaenopsis amabilis which highlight the microbial resources represented by interactions between endophytic bacteria and Phalaenopsis amabilis further.

  Effects of Low-carbon Management on Community Structure of Web Spiders in Tea Plantations 2014, 30 (16):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2915 Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 716470KB )   ( 549 ) In order to promote more effective pest control in tea plantations, we examined the effects of web spider communities in terms of species composition, structure and diversity in tea plantations subjected to different production management. Sampling was collected from tea plantations with low-carbon management (DT) and routine management (CG). The results showed that: Web spiders that were collected belonged to 5 families and 11 species, and Neoscona polyspinipes was the dominant species. The community structure in plantation DT was significantly richer than in plantation CG, with 2.67-fold and 0.68-fold the species and individual numbers, respectively. In addition, the diversity index, during summer-autumn and winter-spring, increased by 1.39-fold and 1.04-fold, respectively, in plantation DT compared with plantation CG, and had a much higher evenness index，and lower dominance index. Principal component analysis showed that plantation DT contained significantly distributed more community orientation offsets to the number of web spiders of Argyrodes argentatus, Itatsina praticola, Neoscona polyspinipes, Neriene cavaleriei, and Achaearanea tepidariorum. Therefore, low- carbon management, a rich habitat structure of plants, and less human interference were all conducive to the protection of web spider species diversity.

  The Effect of High Temperature Damage on Tea Production During July-August 2013 in Lishui 2014, 30 (16):  158-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3088 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 914628KB )   ( 570 ) In order to understand the impact of high temperature and drought on tea, and carry out better services for tea production. Based on the meteorological observation data such as daily average temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, rain day, sunshine, average relative humidity and so on from nine meteorological stations during July-August in 2013 in Lishui, compared to perennial observation data, the development of high temperature, drought and their impact to tea production were analyzed. The results showed that: high temperature during July to August in summer was long duration, high intensity and wide distribution precipitation and rain days were significantly less than normal especially in July (the most significant); strong sunshine and poor soil moisture were concentrated in late July to mid-August. There were obvious north-south differences in spatial distribution: higher temperatures, less precipitation, heavier drought in the northern part of Lishui, and lower max temperature and lower drought in Qingyuan located in the southern. The count of heat damage days on tea in Lishui was the most, and also the strongest intensity (there were 3 times to achieve a high heat damage on tea), followed Jinyun, Yunhe and Songyang. The impact of high temperature and drought on tea in Songyang was the greatest, caused the most serious losses.

  Optinization of ISSR-PCR reaction system and primers screening in Callicarpa kwangtungensis 2014, 30 (16):  164-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2921 Abstract + ( 891 )   PDF ( 803691KB )   ( 522 ) In order to establish a stable, repeatable ISSR-PCR reaction system of Callicarpa kwangtungensis, the factors included the concentration of DNA template, dNTPs, Mg2+, primers and TaqDNA polymerase were studied through the single factor tests, orthogonal tests with the total DNA of C. kwangtungensis as experimental material. And the best reaction system of ISSR-PCR to C. kwangtungensis was established as follows: 0.25 mmol/L dNTPs, 1.00 U TaqDNA polymerase, 0.75μmol/L primers, 2.0 mmol/L Mg2+, 100 ng template DNA in 25μL reaction volume. PCR amplification program of better repeatability and stability was set up after a pre- degeneration 5 min at 94℃; degeneration 30 s at 94℃; annealing time 45 s, annealing temperature corresponds to each primer; extension 90 s at 72℃; 34 cycle from degeneration to extension in total; then extension 10 min at 72℃, finally conserved at 4℃. One hundred ISSR primers were used to screen the suitable primers with 4 samples from different populations of C. kwangtungensis, and 20 ISSR primers with good amplification were screened out.

  Study on Separation and Purification of Total Flavonoids in Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott with AB-8 Macroporous Adsorption Resin 2014, 30 (16):  170-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3406 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 674810KB )   ( 529 ) The separation and purification conditions of total flavonoids from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott were studied by AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin in this study. Using adsorption rate, elution rate and yield of total flavonoids as indexes to investigate the adsorption and desorption capacity of total flavonoids with AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin. Through the study, the optimum loading concentration of total flavonoids and flow rate were 1.58 mg/mL and 1.5 mL/min respectively. The optimum desorption conditions were achieved by using 70% ethanol as desorption solvent at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min (2 BV/h). The results showed that AB-8 macrosporus adsorption resin performed perfect adsorption and desorption efficiency. After purification, the purity of total flavonoids was 38.4%.

  The Flue-cured Tobacco Suitability Division Researching Based on 3S Technology of Small Grid in Chuxiong 2014, 30 (16):  175-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2937 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 1289211KB )   ( 443 ) Based on comprehensive analysis in flue-cured tobacco relationship with climate,using the 10 meteorological stations statistical data from 1981 to 2010, To establish the Flue-cured tobacco suitability evaluation Meteorological factor and the space of the geographic information system mode，with 3 s (GIS, RS, GPS) technology as support，integrated The key factors such as longitude, latitude, altitude, gradient, slope direction, precipitation, sunshine, temperature and so on high precision for study on flue-cured tobacco suitability division in chuxiong， Results show that：the state of most suitable flue-cured tobacco planting area is 60.74% of the total area，the suitable for planting flue-cured tobacco area is 24.14% of the total area，the secondary suitable planting area accounts is 8.96% of the total area，the not suitable for planting area accounts is 6.14% of the total area，Identify the geographical position of suitable planting flue-cured tobacco or not，And its reason was analyzed，For the next planting flue-cured tobacco, reasonable planning of modern tobacco agriculture provide the reference，At the same time also for the majority of agricultural regionalization researchers provides a new method of high precision small grid of agricultural regionalization

  Effect of Different Transplanting Stage on Growth, Nitrogen and Potassium Content and Economic Traits of Flue-cured Tobacco 2014, 30 (16):  182-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3317 Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 495468KB )   ( 383 ) A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different transplanting days on main growth and development, contents of nitrogen and potassium in tobacco leaves at maturity stage, economic traits of flue-cured tobacco in order to elucidate the best transplanting period of flue-cured tobacco cultivar Qinyan96 in Longxian. The results showed that with postponement of transplanting date of flue-cured tobacco, all main growth dates were put off; field growth period after transplant became shorter. Agronomic traits, the contents of nitrogen and potassium, yeild, output value and proportion of superior tobacco of flue-cured was ascend in first and descend under postponement of transplanting period. Based on comprehensive analysis, the effect of 6/5 treatment was best, and it's economic traits was better than that from orther treatments. Hence May 10 was the best appropriate transplanting date of Qinyan96 in Longxian. All the results indicated that Appropriate transplanting period provide suitable climatic conditions for flue-cured tobacco, then improve nitrogen, potassium nutrition of tobacco leaves at maturity stage and increase dry matter accumulation resulting in better yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.

  Effect on the Application of‘Jinmayi’Organic Fertilizers Amount 2014, 30 (16):  187-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3090 Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 537355KB )   ( 471 ) To solve the problem of how to improve garlic yield in applying different amount of organic fertilizer. We have studied the effect of applying‘Jinmanyi’(a name of an organic fertilizer) to the garlic‘Yu 5th’, adopting the method of combing field trials and laboratory experiments, in which used‘Yu 5th’garlic and‘Jinmanyi’as test materials. The test showed that the application of different amount of‘Jinmayi’(a name of an organic fertilizer) on garlic had a significant influence on the yield of garlic bulb and garlic sprouts. Compared with single application of fertilizer, single application of organic fertilizer on garlic yield decreased garlic bulb and garlic sprouts, respectively by 40.1%, 37.78%. With equal amount of application with organic fertilizer and fertilizer, the former always yields higher than the latter, of which the increase rate of garlic bulb was 2.4%-10.1%, and the increase rate of garlic sprouts was 3.19%-9.85%. Therefore, garlic that applied with different amount of‘Jimanyi’had prominent economic benefits. Besides, the application of different amount of‘Jimanyi’had a great effect on soluble solids. After applying organic fertilizer to garlic, the garlic bulb and garlic sprouts contain much higher soluble solid, respectively 1.94%-7.38%, 3.43%-12.72%, compared with single application of fertilizers, increased the number of yellow blades and decrease the number of green leaves. Compared with the application of pig manure,‘Jimanyi’had little influence on total number of blades of garlic but had great effect on its yield of garlic bulb and garlic sprouts. The comprehensive test showed that the application of‘Jimanyi’with 6000 kg/hm2 would receive the highest economic income, which was a relatively desired fertilizer amount.

  Research of Effect on Garlic Yield and Leaf Traits of Four Different Calcium Fertilizers 2014, 30 (16):  194-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2875 Abstract + ( 724 )   PDF ( 645144KB )   ( 401 ) To study the effect of different calcium fertilizer on garlic production yield and leaf traits, taking 4 kinds of commonly used calcium fertilizers (calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium superphosphate, and calcium magnesium phosphate) as experimental material, setting calcium fertilizer dosage to 100 kg/hm2 CaO, completely randomized block designs are performed and the resulting data (production yield, length, width & thickness of leaf) are collected for variance analysis and difference significance comparison. Results showed that, all 4 kinds of calcium fertilizer increased the production yield than the blank control group (CK), with amplitude from 15.48% to 36.11%, and the difference was significant; the length, width & thickness of leaves also increased than CK: leaf length increased by 1.40%-6.06%, leaf width increased by 3.94%-10.50%, leaf thickness increased by 0.42%-25.20%, and the differences were significant; values of production yield on 3 different experimental sites were in the same order: calcium sulfate > calcium chloride > calcium superphosphate > calcium magnesium phosphate > CK. Leaf length, leaf width and leaf thickness increased for all calcium fertilizer processed subjects in the 3 sites, and calcium sulfate had the best performance in this respect, but differences among 4 kinds of fertilizers were inconsistent for different sites. In alkaline calcareous soil, applying appropriate amount of calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium superphosphate and calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer could significantly increase garlic production yield, and promote the growth of garlic leaves with respect of their length, width and thickness. Among these 4 kinds of fertilizers, calcium sulfate has the best performance, and its utilization should be considered as one of the priority selections for the improvement of garlic planting.

  The Research of Fertilizing Selenium on‘Holland 86-13’and‘Yuezhi’Cucumber and Its Effect on Cucumber’s Quality 2014, 30 (16):  199-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3006 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 554651KB )   ( 439 ) To research the effect of all different kinds of fertilizing selenium that concentration is diversification on different qualities, the research process has focused on fertilizing selenium on Holland 86-13 cucumbers’ and yuezhi cucumbers’ leaves. The result demonstrates that with the concentration of fertilizing selenium increased, the concentration of content of cucumber selenium itself increased. Moreover, the result also indicates that appropriate application of fertilizing selenium on cucumber has dramatically improved cucumber’s quality. However, the process of fertilizing selenium on yuezhi cucumber has contributed on suppression of absorbing Potassium.

  Effects of Bast Fiber Mulching Film on Growth and Yield of Pepper in the Greenhouse 2014, 30 (16):  203-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3309 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 505143KB )   ( 433 ) In order to identify the effects of bast fiber mulching film on growth and yield of pepper in the greenhouse, the comparison tests of the agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs and yield of pepper covered by different films had been conducted. The results showed that the coverage of bast fiber mulching film can significantly increase the plant height and number of branches of pepper; the dry matter accumulation of white bast fiber mulching film was the maximum among these treatments; the yield of white bast fiber mulching film and black bast fiber mulching film were significantly higher than the plastic film and no coverage. The correlation analysis among agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs and yield components showed that there was significantly positive correlation between the total yield of pepper and the fresh weight of leaves; there was a very significantly positive correlation between early yield and the early fruit number per plant. Conclusion was drawn that bast fiber mulching film was suitable for covering cultivation of pepper in the greenhouse.

  The Effect on Yield of Fall Greenhouse Mini Watermelon‘Chuanqi-4’ in Suburb of Beijing 2014, 30 (16):  207-210.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3095 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 513156KB )   ( 477 ) Mini watermelon variety ‘Chuanqi -4’was used to study the effects on growth cycle, quality, and yield of different plant density, the experiment was carried out by randomized blocks design. have 4 Experimental treatments，planting distance 42 cm conventional planting density is control group。The results showed that the, growth cycle and quality of different plant density has not obvious on the mini watermelon variety ‘Chuanqi -4’ ; 36 cm plant density Significantly improved the yield, increase of about 11% than the control group。So Hanging single tendril cultivation in the fall of plastic greenhouses, the suitable planting density was 1852 plants/667m2, use one vine with one fruit.

  Experimental Study on Bayberry Plants in the Greenhouse with the Soil Covered with the Silvery Plastic Film 2014, 30 (16):  211-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3345 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 599677KB )   ( 529 ) It was studied that the effect of the greenhouse with silvery plastic film on the soil on the phenology, fruit quality and economic benefit of ‘Linhai zao da mei’. The eleven-year-old trees were tested after the transplant for 3 years. The greenhouse and the soil were covered on January 11, 2013 and February 13, 2013 respectively. The temperature and humidity inside and outside of the greenhouse were detected real time. The phenology the bayberry tree was observed. The average quality of single bayberry fruit, the content of soluble solids and the yield per hectare of ‘Linhai zao da mei’ were tested. Compared outside the greenhouse, the temperature and humidity were significantly increased inside, and the phenology significant earlier, flowering period with 16 days, fruit ripe time with 21 days. The average fruit quality were increased by 10%, and the content of soluble solids increased by 2.1 percentage points, and the yield per hectare increased by 45.6%, and the net economic value increased with 1265610 Chinese yuan. The matureness of bayberry fruit were earlier, and the average single fruit quality and the content of soluble solids were increased significantly in the greenhouse with the soil covered with plastic film.

  Research on Rapid Propagation of Strawberry Based on Plant Micropropagation Bioreactor 2014, 30 (16):  216-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0135 Abstract + ( 910 )   PDF ( 1169006KB )   ( 582 ) To explore the suitable condition on liquid culture multiplication for strawberry in a plant micropropagation bioreactor, an experiment was designed with an environment of different inoculation quantity, infiltration time, culture fluid volume and sucrose concentration, in which the sterile strawberry was taken as material, the liquid culture was based on MS without agar. The results showed that it was better for the multiplication of strawberry in the plant micropropagation bioreactor, in which the culture can be changed automatically. The coefficient of multiplication reached 9.83 on average and the average number of proliferation buds achieved 295 per bottle under the condition with the inoculation quantity of 30 per bottle, the infiltration frequency of 6 times per 24h in 1 min’s span, the culture fluid volume of 150 ml per bottle, and the sucrose concentration of 20 g/L. The method was significantly superior to the traditional solid cultivation, providing a technical basis for factory production of strawberry.

  Effects of N, P, K Proportion on Vegetative Growth and Florescence of Tillandsia stricta 2014, 30 (16):  221-225.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2837 Abstract + ( 882 )   PDF ( 518309KB )   ( 511 ) Tillandsia stricta was chosen as the testing material. By applying different ratio of N, P, K on T. stricta, effects of N, P, K proportion on vegetative growth and florescence of T. stricta was observed. The results indicated that under the condition of this experiment, nitrogen(N) was the most important factor influencing biomass differentiation. The difference in the number of biomass among three levels was significant at P=0.05 level, 200 mg/L N had the best effect, which was up to 18.87 g. Phosphorus(P) was the most important factor influencing leaf area differentiation and the value of F was 4.66. The difference in the number of leaf area among three levels was significant at P=0.05 level, 120 mg/L P had the best effect, which was up to 1.84 cm2. The effects of N, P, K on flower quality were different, potassium(K) was the most important factor influencing floral bud differentiation and the difference in the number of floral bud among three levels was significant at P= 0.01 level, 120 mg/L N have the best effect, which was up to 69.23%. The optimum fertilization of growing level of N, P and K was N2P3K1, i.e. N:P2O5:K2O=1:3.1:1. The optimum fertilization of flowering level of N, P and K was N2P1K2, i.e. N:P2O5:K2O =1.4:1:2.

  Induction of Adventitious Roots During Tissue Culture of Calamus simplicifolius C. F. Wei. 2014, 30 (16):  226-230.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2901 Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 594105KB )   ( 412 ) To raising rooting rate, factors influencing root induction in rapid propagation of Calamus simplicifolius C. F. Wei. were studied. With the shoots from ten subculture as materials, the effect of macroelement concentration, plant growth regulators types and concentration, AC (Activated Charcoal) and cutting method on root induction were studied. The results indicated that macroelement, AC (Activated Charcoal), NAA and cutting method had significant effect on root induction. The optimal rooting medium was 1/2 MS macroelement++NAA 0.5mg/L+sucrose 20g/L.

  Effects of Agricultural Film of Different Colors on the Growth of Seedlings of Medicinal Plant Panax notoginseng 2014, 30 (16):  231-237.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2997 Abstract + ( 939 )   PDF ( 787401KB )   ( 700 ) To select agricultural film of different colors and to provide a scientific base for nursing healthy seedlings, the morphology and biomass of Panax notoginseng seedlings were examined which were grown in the greenhouse with different color film. Seeds of P. notoginseng were sowed in the red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and violet film greenhouse. The morphology and biomass of seedlings were measured and analyzed when the root of seeding expanded for the medium. Plant height and crown breadth of the seedlings grown in the red and orange film greenhouse showed a maximum value. Fine root number, root length and root diameter of the seedlings grown in the cyan film greenhouse had a maximum value. The greater stem diameter was observed in the seeding grown in the yellow film greenhouse. The relative chlorophyll content reach a maximum value in seedlings grown in the blue film greenhouse. The total biomass is greatest in the seedlings grown in the orange, yellow, cyan and violet film greenhouse. Compared with the seedlings grown in the other color films, the seedling grown in the cyan and yellow film allocated a larger proportion of biomass to the root, however the seedling grown in the green film allocated a higher proportion of biomass to the leaf. The results obtained here suggest that the seedli

  Authenticity Identification of Some Wild Folk‘Sanghuang’Mushrooms in Jilin Province 2014, 30 (16):  238-247.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2565 Abstract + ( 952 )   PDF ( 509744KB )   ( 534 ) The aims were to identify the folk‘Sanghuang’in Jilin Province, standardize the use of‘Sanghuang’, find new resource of medicinal mushroom, and prevent potential safety hazard of mushrooms misuse. Natural description, strains isolation and culture were used to identify the fruit bodies and colonial morphologies. The result showed that among these 29 strains, which collected 9 tree species, at least 10 strains were not medicinal‘Sanghuang’, 18 strains remained to be further identification, 3 strains from Syringa were distinctive, and they deserved focus research.

  Research the Technology of Aerial Cultivative Bulb on Lilium davidii var. unicolor Cotton 2014, 30 (16):  248-251.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2892 Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 1433886KB )   ( 734 ) In order to solve the problem of breeding method single and quality degradation of Lily’s mother seed. With Lilium davidii var. unicolor Cotton as the experimental material, studied on the effects of disinfected treatments on the rot rates of scale, and the effects of different thickness and position of scale on aerial cultivate bulbs. Results show, with 0.1% potassium permanganate soak scale about 10 min, the rot rates was the lowest, which was 21.25% and was lower than CK after 15 days; with the best disinfected treatment treat lily scale, after 60 days, the reproduction coefficient of treatment, the thickness of outer flap was 4.0 cm, was 2.41 and was the highest in all, but outer flap was easy perishable than inter flap. Aerial cultivate bulbs on lily, outer flap was more suitable than inter flap, propagation coefficient was inversely proportional to the thickness of aerial.

  Mass Production of Adventitious Roots of O. elatus in Bioreactor 2014, 30 (16):  252-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3137 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 494061KB )   ( 434 ) For mass production of adventitious roots of Oplopanax elatus Nakai, the effects of culture methods, IBA concentrations, sugar types and white sugar concentrations during bioreactor on adventitious roots proliferation and growth were studied. The results showed that bioreactor culture was optimal. The best adventitious roots proliferation was observed when 3 mg/L IBA was added into the medium during bioreactor culture, the fresh and dry weight reached the maximum (378.3g, 34.8g). White sugar and sucrose were better than glucose and fructose in adventitious roots proliferation, therefore the cheap white sugar was regarded as carbon source, and white sugar concentration of 50 g/L was the most suitable for fresh and dry weight as well as multiplication coefficient, the maximum were 551.9 g、57.2 g and 26.6, respectively.

  Regional Characteristic of Total Sugar of Flue-cured Tobacco in Xiangxi 2014, 30 (16):  256-260.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2886 Abstract + ( 741 )   PDF ( 544499KB )   ( 464 ) The total sugar content of flue-cured tobacco from main tobacco-growing areas in Xiangxi were determined by continuous flow method to study its regional characteristic. The results show that the mean of total sugar content in the flue-cured tobacco leaf of B2F,C3F and X2F grade were 24.54%,32.28%,32.41%，respectively, and .belong to better-sugar tobacco- planting areas. The sequence of total sugar content: X2F＞C3F＞B2F. There were extreme significance difference in the total sugar content of flue-cured tobacco among grades and among counties; and significance difference among varieties and among elevation in X2F grade; and not-significance difference among soil types. The total sugar content creased gradually from the low total sugar content areas of southeast to west and northeast orientation.

  The Plant Morphology Investigation of Tissue Culture Plantlets with Different Explants in Dendrobium officinale Mo JunJie 2014, 30 (16):  261-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3014 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 481149KB )   ( 375 ) The differentially expressed characteristics of tissue culture plantlets with different explants were studied in Dendrobium officinale. 1000 cultivated Dendrobium officinale plantlets with different regeneration pathways were randomly and respectively selected for morphological investigation and classification. The results showed that the cultivated Dendrobium officinale plantlets which using stem segments as explants performed highly consistent in their morphological characteristics; but the plantlets which were cultured by seed embryo as explants performed variedly. So, it followed that using seed embryo as explants for Dendrobium officinale breeding could effectively broaden their germplasms resources.

  Evaluation of Field Control Efficiency of Ten Kinds of Insecticides on the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) 2014, 30 (16):  266-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2970 Abstract + ( 778 )   PDF ( 519296KB )   ( 958 ) To understand the control efficiency on the brown planthopper, 10 insecticides were tested in rice through field spray. The results showed that, 3, 7 and 14 days after single spray, nitenpyram·pymetrozine got the maximum control effect of 85.88%, 96.81%, 97.78% and imidaclprid got the minimum control effect of 51.44%, 65.40%, 62.92%, respectively. While 21 days after single spray, pymetrozine mixing with chlorpyrifos got the maximum control effect of 96.81% and thiamethoxam got the minimum control effect of 50.04%. Among the tested insecticides, pymetrozine mixing with chlorpyrifos, nitenpyram·pymetrozine, dinotefuran, pymetrozine mixing with isoprocarb and pymetrozine mixing with fenobucarb got control effect above 90% ; nitenpyram was between 80%-90%; pymetrozine and thiamethoxam were between 70%-80%; imidaclprid and thiamethoxam were below 70% . It was concluded that dinotefuran, nitenpyram·pymetrozine, pymetrozine mixing with chlorpyrifos, pymetrozine mixing with isoprocarb and pymetrozine mixing with fenobucarb can effectively prevent the attack by Nilaparvata lugens in rice.

  Comparison and Improvement of Two Genomic DNA Extraction Methods from Single Aphid 2014, 30 (16):  272-277.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2996 Abstract + ( 669 )   PDF ( 1030255KB )   ( 764 ) Aphids are major agricultural pests injuring nearly all cultivated crops. The rapid development of aphid molecular biology research has become more and more important for studies on mechanism of plant-aphid interaction, aphid-resistance gene isolation and commercial hybrid breeding. However, a simple and efficient method for aphid DNA extraction has been needed for a long time in aphid molecular biology research. In order to obtain high quality and quantity DNA from a single head of aphid, two different methods (Proteinase K and CTAB) of aphid DNA extraction were investigated and compared in present study. The results showed that CTAB method is generally better than Proteinase K method in respect of not only DNA quantity, but also DNA quality which is qualified for genome sequencing. Comparing with CTAB method, Proteinase K method produced lower DNA yielding, however the DNA quantity and quality also reached the requirement of genome sequencing, and the success rate is higher than CTAB method. Thus the two different DNA extracting methods could be selected according to different experiment designing.

  Population Occurrence Dynamics of Soybean Aphid and Its Natural Enemies in Sanjiang Plain Area in 2013 2014, 30 (16):  278-281.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3214 Abstract + ( 952 )   PDF ( 517359KB )   ( 343 ) The occurrence of soybean aphid and its natural enemies were investigated in soybean experimental plot in Sanjiang plain area in 2013. The results showed that the incidence beginning period of soybean aphid was from June 3rd to July 1st, the full incidence period was from July 9th to Aug 12th, the paracmasis was from Aug 19th to Sep 16th. 6 natural enemies of soybean aphid were lacewing, Propylea japonica, Harmonia axyridis, syrphid, Orius, Adelphocoris taeniophorus and spider. The peak time of most of natural enemies occurred later than soybean aphid for 7 to 14 day or simultaneously.

  Effects of RhizoVital®42fl Microbial Agent Application on Growth and Downy Mildew Disease Occurrence of Brassica rapa L. 2014, 30 (16):  282-285.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2932 Abstract + ( 830 )   PDF ( 557557KB )   ( 476 ) A field plot experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of application amount of RhizoVital?42fl microbial agent on growth and downy mildew disease occurrence of Brassica rapa L. The results showed that RhizoVital?42fl microbial agent could not only reduce downy mildew disease occurrence of Brassica rapa L., promote growth of Brassica rapa L. and increase the yield, but also reduce the population of fungus in soil and improve soil microbial flora. And the RhizoVital?42fl microbial agent 1.80 L/hm2 treatment was the best of all the treatments, its control efficiency against downy mildew disease occurrence of Brassica rapa L. was up to 64.37%, and plant height increased by 5.70%, length and width of maximum Leaf by 7.62% and 5.62%, the crown width by 3.13%, number of productive leaves by 5.74%, the net-head-rate by 2.20%, root wet weight by 13.73% and yield by 9.02% . In a word, RhizoVital?42fl microbial agent reduced downy mildew disease occurrence of Brassica rapa L., promoted growth of Brassica rapa L. and improved soil microbial flora.

  Pest Risk Assessment of Drosophila suzukii in Xinjiang 2014, 30 (16):  286-294.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3051 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 733702KB )   ( 698 ) Drosophila suzukii was one of the few important pests of fruit fly infestation mature fruit. In recent years, it has caused serious economic losses in worldwide, as the main port of westward and developing markets of west Asia and Europe, Xinjiang has no reports about it. The potential geographical distribution of D. suzukii in Xinjiang Region was studied in this paper. The results of CLIMEX presented that: D. suzukii had certain potential of occur and population establish in Ili, Wensu, Duancheng, Hejing and Wenquan Region. The GARP showed that the D. suzukii had potential suitable area in most part of northern and southern Xinjiang. A combination of the two methods found that Qapqal was the highly suitable area. According to the quantitative methods of the pest analysis, the risk level of D. suzukii to the different regions in Xinjiang was evaluated. The results showed that: D. suzukii was a highly dangerous pest to the fruits in Xinjiang and proposed to put it into Xinjiang supplement forest quarantine pest list.

  Control Efficacy of Several Fungicides and Antifungal Strains Against Coniella diplodiella 2014, 30 (16):  295-298.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3025 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 465798KB )   ( 449 ) Coniella diplodiella is one of the most serious diseases on agriculture production in China. In order to the disease prevention and control, the effect of 7 different kinds of fungicides and 7 antifungal strains on the control of Coniella diplodiella was studied by antifungal experiment and artificial inoculation on the grape fruits in vitro. The result showed the seven fungicides and two antifungal strains had antifungal effect on Coniella diplodiella in different degrees. Chlorothalonil and carbendazim had strong control efficacy. The fermention of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BJ- 6 and actinomycetes F2 could also prevent and control grape white rot.

  Effects of Thiamethoxam Seed Treatments on Chloethrips oryzae and Seedling Growth of Rice 2014, 30 (16):  299-305.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3304 Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 609981KB )   ( 968 ) To solve the labor- intensive problem during traditional pesticide application, a scientific and reasonable application technology of thiamethoxam seed coating formulation was studied. Field plot experiments were conducted to investigate effects of thiamethoxam seed treatments on the rice thrips, Chloethrips oryzae (Williams) and seedling growth of rice in 2010- 2012. The results showed that high cold tolerance of rice could be achieved, when different formulations of thiamethoxam, such as 70% WS and 30% FS were coated for pre-soaked or post-soaked of rice seeds in water. As the same time, simulation roles for emergence rate, seedling rate and seedling growth of rice were observed using above insecticide. Furthermore, perfect control on C. oryzae could be achieved by 25 g/L fludioxonil FS plus 30% thiamethoxam FS; the leaftip rolling rate was 2.00%-24.77% and significantly lower than that of untreated, which was 41.33%-88.87%, at 23-30 days after rice direct-seeded.

  Efficacy of Flubendiamide, Tebufenozide and Its Mixtures on Chilo suppressalis in the Paddy Field 2014, 30 (16):  306-311.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3140 Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 461444KB )   ( 553 ) The study was aimed to determine and evaluate the efficacies of 20% flubendiamide WDG, 24% tebufenozide SC and its mixtures on Chilo suppressalis in the paddy field, which would provide technical support for its extension and application. The efficacies of 20% flubendiamide WDG, 24% tebufenozide SC and its mixtures on C. suppressalis in the paddy field were tested using foliar spray method. Results showed that, the insecticidal effects of 20% flubendiamide WDG in the concentrations of 20-30 g a.i./hm2 applied at the 3 instar larvae stage and moth stage of C. suppressalis were above 90% on C. suppressalis within 7 days and 14 days after treatment, which were no significantly different compared with that of 20% chlorantraniliprole SC in the concentration of 30 g a.i./hm2. The insecticidal effects of 24% tebufenozide SC in the concentrations of 80- 160 g a.i./hm2 applied at the 3 instar larvae stage of C. suppressalis were below 79% on C. suppressalis within 7 days and 14 days after treatment, which were significantly lower than that of 20% chlorantraniliprole SC in the concentration of 30 g a.i./hm2. The insecticidal effects of 24% tebufenozide SC in the concentrations of 100-160 g a.i./hm2 applied at the moth stage of C. suppressalis were above 93% on C. suppressalis within 7 days and 14 days after treatment, which were no significantly different compared with that of 20% chlorantraniliprole SC in the concentration of 30 g a.i./hm2. The insecticidal effects of 20% flubendiamide WDG + 24% tebufenozide SC on C. suppressalis were above 91% in the concentrations of 22.5 g a.i./hm2+40 g a. i./hm2 and 20 g a.i./hm2+100 g a.i./hm2 applied at the 3 instar larvae stage of C. suppressalis within 7 days and 14 days after treatment, and above 95% in the concentrations of 22.5 g a.i./hm2 +40 g a.i./hm2, 20 g a.i./hm2+ 100 g a.i./hm2, 10 g a.i./hm2 + 80 g a.i./hm2 and 7.5 g a.i./hm2 + 120 g a.i./hm2 applied at the moth stage of C. suppressalis, which were no significantly different compared with that of 20% chlorantraniliprole SC in the concentration of 30 g a.i./hm2. At the same time, all treatments had good efficacies on Cnaphalocrocis medindis. Flubendiamide, tebufenozide and its mixtures had good efficacies and permanent effectiveness on C. suppressalis, were the ideal pesticides for controlling C. suppressalis in the paddy field.

  Residue and Degradation of Chlorothalonil Use in the Protected Vegetable Fields in Different Seasons 2014, 30 (16):  312-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3015 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 620782KB )   ( 403 ) This paper studies dissipation dynamics and final residues for chlorothalonil in cucumber and tomato cultivation in different seasons of Shandong Province, provide an evaluation for the safe use of chlorothalonil. The results show that the degradation of chlorothalonil could be described with equation：Ct=C0e-kt. In spring and autumn, the half life of chlorothalonil was 2.1d - 5.2d in cucumber and 3.1d - 6.0d in tomato, respectively. Chlorothalonil concentration applied at 2 - 3 times in cucumber and tomato with commanded dosage and 2 times commanded dosage, 7d after the last spraying，the residues of chlorothalonil was 3.101-0.912 mg?kg-1 in cucumber and 4.093～1.071 mg?kg-1 in tomato, respectively, The residues of chlorothalonil was less than 5.0 mg?kg-1 of maximum residue limit (MRL) of Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), Chlorothalonil degradation has seasonal variations, the commanded dosage of medication, cucumber and tomato safety interval should be about 7-10d in spring，and10-14d in autumn.

  Study of Action of Extract from Acorus gramineus Against Nilaparvata lugens 2014, 30 (16):  317-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3154 Abstract + ( 775 )   PDF ( 514510KB )   ( 532 ) In order to study the action of extract from Acorus gramineus against Nilaparvata lugens, the contact toxicity, oviposition deterrent, fumigant toxicity and growth and development inhibited effect of A. gramineus extract to N. lugens were studied. The results showed that after being treated with the extract 4.6μg/head 48 hours, the corrected mortality was 86.11% . 10 mg/mL A. gramineus extract showed 79.90% oviposition deterrent rate to N. lugens. The concentration of 100μL/L showed 73.98% mortality after being treated 30 minutes. The effect to the parameters of growth and development was not significant. We can draw the conclusion that the extract had significant contact, oviposition deterrent and fumigant effect against N. lugens, while had little effect to its growth and development.