Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.17 Published:14 June 2014

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  Research about Ruminal and Small Intestinal Digestibility of Shandong Province Mainly Concentrates for Sheep 2014, 30 (17):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2927 Abstract + ( 838 )   PDF ( 521006KB )   ( 538 ) To study the ruminal and small intestinal digestibility of Shandong province mainly concentrates for sheep，in this experiment, ruminal digestibility and small intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein (RUP) of Shandong Province mainly concentrates for sheep were measured by mobile nylon bag method (MBT) and modified three-step in vitro method (MTSP), and regression analysis between small intestinal digestibility of RUP and conventional nutrients were carried out. The results showed as follows: (1) In the dry matter and crude protein ruminal digestibility of the measured feed, wheat (82.47% ,83.79% ) was the highest, whole cottonseed (51.33% ,54.12% ) was the lowest, in the small intestinal digestibility of RUP, corn gluten meal (98.95%) was the highest, wheat bran (74.34%) was the lowest. (2) The regression equation of crude protein ruminal digestibility (Y) and dry matter ruminal digestibility (X) was: Y=11.62+0.88X (R2=0.933, P＜0.05); The regression equation of the small intestinal digestibility of RUP (Y), crude protein content (X1) and neutral detergent fiber content (X2) was: Y=85.57-0.28X1+0.24X2(R2=0.873,P＜0.05). In conclusion, it was feasible that using conventional feed nutrient content to predict small intestinal digestibility of RUP.

  Effects of Micropowders of Stalks and Leaves from Radix Astragali on Growth Performance and the Immune Organ Index in Laying Baby Male Chicks 2014, 30 (17):  7-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1957 Abstract + ( 862 )   In order to study the effects of micropowders of stalks and leaves from Radix Astragali added into daily ration on growth performance and the immune organ indices in laying baby male chicks, Ninty six 1-day hyline brown male chicks were chosen and then were randomly assigned into four treatment groups (including a control group and three experimental groups). The chicks from control group were fed basal diet and the ones from experimental groups were fed the feeds to which 0.5%, 1%, 2% micropowders of stalks and leaves from Radix Astragali were added respectively during 35 days breeding period. The results showed that the body weights and the immune organ index of male chicks all increased to varying degrees along with the more amount of micropowders of stalks and leaves from Radix Astragali. The results indicated that micropowders of stalks and leaves from Radix Astragali could improve the growth performance and immunity function of egg-type young cockerels

  Effect of Liquid Nutrient Levels on Growth Performance and Health of Black Weaning Piglets 2014, 30 (17):  10-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1047 Abstract + ( 896 )   PDF ( 466447KB )   ( 597 ) In order to investigate the liquid nutrients effected on production performance of weaning black piglets in Southern China. 160 pigs weaning piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups, which were fed on the basis diet (control group A), basis diet +XinAnJiWeiTa 0.8 mL/A PIG (group B), basis diet + XinAnJiWeiTa 1 mL/A PIG (group C), basis diet + XinAnJiWeiTa 1.2 mL/A PIG (group D). The results showed that: (1)Compared with the A group, Final Weight, Daily Weight Gain and Daily Feed Intake of B group, C group and D group piglets were significantly increased (P＜0.05);Feed to Gain Ratio of B group, C group and D group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05). (2)Compared with the control group A, Diarrhea Rate of group B piglet decreased by 13.33%, Diarrhea Rate of group C decreased by 16.9% , Diarrhea Rate of D group decreased by15.01%; Mortality of B group and D group were decreased by 5%, Mortality of C group decreased by 7.5%.In conclusion,it had the best effects on performance and immunity of weaning piglets by added XinAnJiWeiTa 1 mL/A PIG (group C),XinAnJiWeiTa had obvious effects on performance and immunity of weaning piglets.

  The Research Progress of Mycoplasmal pneumonia of Swine 2014, 30 (17):  14-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2775 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 580479KB )   ( 645 ) Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine was caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, one of the most important causes of disease associated loss in swine production worldwide. The disease had a wide scope of popularization, and difficult to cured. It often caused significantly economic losses in pig production, and received wide attention from the scholars both at home and abroad. With gradually deepening the study on the MPS, currently the characteristics of MPS certain understanding and there are a variety of detection and prevention methods. But there is still much faultiness in these aspects.In this paper, the characteristics of MPS and its pathogenic mechanism, detection method and the research progress of vaccine to prevent and control were summarized, and the future development was prospected. Thereby promoting research on MPS.

  Distribution of Label-retaining Cells in Mouse Oviduct 2014, 30 (17):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0411 Abstract + ( 857 )   PDF ( 2192930KB )   ( 506 ) The present study was aimed to investigate the existence and distribution of label-retaining cells (LRCs) in mouse oviduct. C57 mice in 3 days old were subcutaneously injected with BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) twice daily, at 9:00 and 16:00, for 3 consecutive days. After 8 weeks labeling, the oviduct was collected to make frozen section and immunofluorescence staining for detecting the existence of BrdU positive LRCs. The results showed that the BrdU positive cells presented a gradient distribution from the distal (ampulla) to the proximal (isthmus) in oviduct, and these cells were mainly localized in the epithelium. In conclusion, these data suggested that the progenitor cells or stem cells might exist in the epithelium of distal oviduct.

  Synthesis and Identification of Kanamycin Complete Antigen and Preparation of Polyclonal Antibody Against Kanamycin 2014, 30 (17):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3318 Abstract + ( 835 )   PDF ( 624790KB )   ( 455 ) The purpose of this experiment was preparing kanamycin completely artificial antigens. Firstly, kanamycin standard was reacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ovalbumin (OVA) to prepare kanamycin artificial antigens. Two different coupling methods carbodiimide (EDC) and glutaraldehyde (GDA) were respectively prepared KAN-BSA (as an immunogen) and KAN-GDA-OVA (as the coating antigen). Both of the SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and the animal immunization experiment identified the antigen-coupled case. The results showed that, the prepared kanamycin complete antigen could stimulate the bodies to produce antibodies in mice, and the antiserum titer reached 1:2.56×104, The IC50 of the mice was 22.28 ng/mL. The results illustrated the immunogenicity of the complete antigens were good and the preparations of the antigens were successful.

  Making and Evaluation of SD Rat Heat Stress Model 2014, 30 (17):  31-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0331 Abstract + ( 736 )   PDF ( 537313KB )   ( 513 ) For the establish of SD rats heat stress model and the testing of physical and chemical indexes. 20 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups, 1 group was the control group, 2 group was the model group, 2 group were heat attacked for 2 h in mould incubator with the temperature 40℃and relative humidity 50% , make heat stress occurred, the control group keep normal breeding, after two hours, observed behavior change, checked death individual, plexued blood by retinal vein , detected the physiological and biochemical indexes，detected the liver Hsp70 expression. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the concentration of K+ and Na+ were decreased, K+ reached extremely significant difference (P＜0.01); the concentration of ALB, HB and TP were decreased, reached extremely significant difference (P＜0.01); the activity of ALT, GOT, ALP, LDH, CK were increased, reached difference or significant difference（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), the concentration of SOD was decreased, reached extremely significant difference (P＜0.01), the concentration of MDA was increased, reached extremely significant difference(P＜0.01);the expression of Hsp70 was increased, reached extremely significant difference (P＜0.01). The Model group was in accordance with heat stress indications, SD rats heat stress model was successfully established.

  Sero-investigation on Brucellosis in Large-scale Dairy Farms 2014, 30 (17):  35-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2762 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 523496KB )   ( 527 ) In order to make a survey of Bovine Brucellosis in China, dairy herds were detected by RBPT. From JAN 2010 to JUN 2012, we have randomly detected 5575 serum samples in different areas of China. The results showed that 1036 positive cows were identified in all the samples taking up to 32.66%, and 244 positive cows were identified in abortion samples taking up to 27.53%. The data indicated that the brucellosis have been more serious, widely-spread and rising incidence. Especially, a big proposition of abortion cases was caused by Brucella spp.

  Analysis of Synonymous Codon Bias in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Via combined Multipara Meters using Double Soft Wares 2014, 30 (17):  39-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0492 Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 558584KB )   ( 459 ) The data of codon bias facilitate to construct expression vector for improving the efficiency of the expression of foreign genes in host. In order to understand the grass carp codon usage, and further to efficiently express the target protein in the grass carp to prevent the grass carp disease, the Coding DNA Sequences (CDS) of 208 proteins in the genome of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were analyzed using by the software of Codon W and CAIcal. The synonymous codon bias in Ctenopharyngodon idella was analyzed by calculating the content of G /C at three positions of codons, the Codon Adaptation Index(CAI), the Effective Number of Codon( ENC), the Absolute Frequency of Synonymous Codon Usage(AFSCU)，the Relative Synonymous Codon Usage(RSCU)，the Codon Bias Indices (CBIs) and the Frequency of Optimal Codons(FOP), respectively. The optimal codons were also determined. The results showed that the content of G or C at the position of second codons was significantly lower than that at the first and third positions, and genes prefer to the codons with C or G at the third position. In addition, 23 codons were determined as the optimal codons. Apart from the stop codon，which was terminated in A，there were 18 codons terminated in G or C，four codons terminated in U. The results provide evidences for many fields, such as analyzing the composition of grass carp gene structure, understanding the grass carp molecular evolution condition, guiding the molecular modification of exogenous gene to increase the expression efficiency in grass carp, and so on.

  The Effect of Nutrition Condition on the Growth and the Lipid Properties of Scenedesmus dimorphus 2014, 30 (17):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0494 Abstract + ( 907 )   PDF ( 766465KB )   ( 468 ) In order to investigate the effect of different nutritional conditions on the growth and the lipid properties of Scenedesmus dimorphus, 3 kinds of cultivation conditions (BG11, BG11+DW, DW) were used in this research. The results showed that the optimal status of biomass production rate, total carbohydrate and total lipids were achieved by 0.045 g/(L?d), 37.4 μg/mL and 305.0 μg/mL under two-phase cultivation (BG11+DW) of Scenedesmus dimorphus. Moreover, a similar fatty acid composition of Scenedesmus dimorphus was attained through 3 ways of cultivation, and there was a dominance of C16/C18 fatty acid groups (more than 80%) which was composed of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid. Especially, under two-phase cultivation it would elevate to 90.73%. With these desirable lipid properties, Scenedesmus dimorphus would be highly suitable candidates for biodiesel production.

  Analysis on Wheat Productive Efficiency in Anhui Province and Surrounding Provinces Based on DEA jiagtao 2014, 30 (17):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2265 Abstract + ( 833 )   PDF ( 518133KB )   ( 1071 ) In order to research wheat productive efficiency in Anhui Province and Surrounding Provinces, the changes of efficiency productivity of wheat were analyzed by the means of DEA and Malmquist index with the input-output data of Anhui and surrounding provinces from 2003 to 2011. The results showed that, from 2003 to 2011, the comprehensive technical efficiency of wheat production was not high in Anhui and surrounding provinces; total factor productivity of wheat did not achieve the effective frontier; technological progress tended to be retrograde, while technical efficiency tended to be rising. So, the key factor of sustainable increasing of wheat yield was to accelerated introduce advanced technique to increasing the efficiency of wheat production in Anhui and surrounding provinces.

  Analysis on Practice of the Agricultural Structure Adjustment in the Process of Urbanization in Netherlands and Its Enlightenment to Shanghai 2014, 30 (17):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2494 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 575652KB )   ( 574 ) In the process of rapid urbanization, it is an important task how to ensure minimum’s production capacity, and to establish a safety supply security of agriculture production in metropolis suburb. There has a certain similarity to the agricultural development between Netherlands and Shanghai. The development of agriculture can be promoted in the following several main ways in the process of the Netherlands urbanization: (1) carrying out decentralization policy of the development of the towns and the balanced development strategy; (2) Strengthening the land consolidation, and increasing subsidies for agricultural structure adjustment, and developing horticulture and animal husbandry industry which are conducive to land intensive use; (3) Developing export-oriented agriculture according to the unique geographical location. (4) Actively adjusting the agricultural structure, and promoting agricultural production organization management, etc. through the use of agricultural science and technology. Enlightenment of Shanghai agricultural development is: (1) promoting agricultural industrialization based on the principles of comparative advantage; (2) Developing export-oriented agriculture facing the international market; (3) Planning reasonably urban development scale.

  The Discussion of Related Problems of Appraisal of Standard Land Price in Town’s: Taking Gangu County of Gansu Province as An Example 2014, 30 (17):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2026 Abstract + ( 728 )   PDF ( 651726KB )   ( 558 ) In order to analyze the problems in the process of appraisal of standard land price in Gangu County and seek solutions. Comparative method and regression analysis method were used. Based on analysis of the problems, such as the sample data do not conform to the requirements of the rules, the calculation of the land prices in urban without sample, and the formation of land prices correction system without sample, then put forward solutions. And it can provide methods and reference for other regional urban standard land price evaluation.

  Study of Urban Spatial Management Regionalization Based on the Development Suitability Analysis:A Case Study of Tongling City 2014, 30 (17):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2041 Abstract + ( 957 )   PDF ( 1595832KB )   ( 495 ) In city space during planning process, development suitability division evaluation, which ascertained the degree of development suitability and spatial distribution in a city, provided a scientific basis for land development and spatial division in city planning, in order to coordinate development and construction with the protection of ecological environment. With the theories of city and regional space development and control at home and abroad for reference, based on analysis of spatial development suitability, taking high resolution aerial images, statistical yearbook, field investigation as data source, evaluation index system was established on the two levels of ecological constraints, development demands and supporting capability, including 9 elements and 20 factors. With combination weighting approach to confirm the weight of each factor, grid as assessment unit, a set of city spatial control division system was constructed through GIS spatial analysis technology, in order to ensure city or industrial development suitability of each evaluation unit, and further to delimit all kinds of control zones. Taking Tongling as an empirical research, according to a comprehensive analysis of its natural ecological constraints, economic demands and supporting ability, measures of division control were formulated which divides the city space of Tongling into construction-suitable zone, comparatively construction-suitable zone, construction-constrained zone and construction-prohibited zone. The suggestions of space utilization were put forward, so as to offer a balanced spatial pattern to coordinate economic development and population, resources and environment and a guideline for space use planning in Tongling.

  Comprehensive Evaluation for Regional Technology Innovation Ability of Gansu province Based on Grey Model 2014, 30 (17):  76-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2556 Abstract + ( 706 )   PDF ( 602798KB )   ( 450 ) The article evaluated the overall level of science and technology innovation ability of Gansu Province on the basis of the grey comprehensive evaluation theory, used the data of scientific and technological progress of Gansu Province in 2011. The evaluation based on four aspects, which includes the environment, investment and output of scientific and technological innovation, as well as the technology promoting economic development. And then drew the comprehensive rankings of the creative ability of each city. According to the evaluation results, paper analysed the weak link of each region, thus gave some countermeasures and suggestions on the macro policy, and provided a basic reference for local governments to improve technological innovation ability effectively.

  Empirical Analysis on the Relationship Between High-tech Industrial Agglomeration and Economic Growth in Lanzhou-Baiyin Economic Zone 2014, 30 (17):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2558 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 601158KB )   ( 523 ) Based on the time-series data from 2000 to 2011, this paper tests the degree of high-tech industrial agglomeration in LanBai economic zone by LQ index. And then, we use the Cointegration test, Granger causality test, the VAR model and the Impulse response function to analyze the relationship between high-tech industrial agglomeration and economic growth. We find that the high-tech industrial agglomeration in LanBai economic zone has already formed and it has a long-term equilibrium relationship with economic growth. At last, we present a brief conclusion and give some policy recommendations.

  Research on China’s Soybean Industry Development 2014, 30 (17):  88-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2902 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 902383KB )   ( 637 ) Under the condition of free trade, China's soybean industry presented a trend of overall atrophy. How to get rid of this situation and realize advancement was a problem that must be solved immediately. The paper analyzed the development issues existed in the China's soybean industry from the aspects of the supply and demand of the soybean market，the standardization of production and processing, and farmers' systematization, etc. It concluded that the recession of China’s soybean industry resulted from the low degree of industrial organization, the lack of unified soybean quality and safety standards, testing and certification systems, and furthermore, the mismatch between scattered peasant economy and the requirements of the modernized agricultural mass production, leading to the low international competitiveness, whereas, the liberalization of international trade just highlighted the problem described above. Simultaneously, another important reason was the highly subsidized soybeans dumping to China. The paper deemed that Chinese government should restrict the imports of transgenic soybeans, internalize some market transactions, and reduce market transaction costs, so as to reduce the costs of agricultural modernization.

  On Food Security Issue in the Development of Urban Modern Agriculture——Take Chengdu City of Sichuan Province for Example 2014, 30 (17):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2671 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 491474KB )   ( 616 ) In recent years, the urban modern agriculture has become the main development mode of modern agriculture in big cities of China. However, while the urban modern agriculture is in pursuit of the maximization of financial benefit, it usually ignores the food production issue, Chinese food external dependence degree is getting larger and larger, some potential dangerous are exsisting in food security. This study took Chengdu City for example, presented an empirical analysis on its food production status and problems of developing urban modern agriculture. And suggested that, as the big city in west of China, it was the right strategy for Chengdu to develop urban modern agriculture, and it should emphasize on the food production in the development of urban modern agriculture, to undertake the corresponding responsibilities of food production, and put forward a certain number of suggestions on improving enthusiasm for rice planters.

  The Quantitative Research of China’s Agricultural Input-output Level Based on Grey Superior Analysis 2014, 30 (17):  102-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2840 Abstract + ( 896 )   PDF ( 657614KB )   ( 380 ) Agricultural input-output level can be measured from 2 aspects, the first is the level of agricultural input-output scale; second is the level of agricultural input-output effectiveness. Grey superior analysis excluding subjective factors in the case of agricultural input-output evaluation indicators of empowerment, this method can enhance the credibility of the evaluation system. The associated sequence of evaluation reflects the strength of the representation of the evaluation of indicators to measure the level of agricultural input-output level. After calculation, in the years 1981-2010, the scale index of Chinese agricultural input-output in general continues to rise, but mainly relies on output pull before 1995, after which mainly relies on invested pulling; the efficiency index of Chinese agricultural input-output is the first positive after negative and presented the ‘S’ shape fluctuations, this indicates that China’s development of agricultural production has to get rid of the ‘high-efficiency, low-level’ and ‘high-level, low-benefit’ non-benign state, and shows a "high-efficiency, high-level" healthy development momentum.

  Jiangsu Province Cultural Consumption Structure of Rural Households and Its Influencing Factors—— Southern, Middle, Northern comparison 2014, 30 (17):  110-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2388 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 570696KB )   ( 499 ) With the development of economiy , people's demand of cultural consumption is increasing.Rural areas have large populations,the study on rural cultural consumption has important practical significance.I use Jiangsu Province 474 rural households survey data, from a low of cultural consumption expenditure, moderate spending, high spending three kinds of expenditure structure, the base class, entertainment, the development of class structure of three levels, consumer education, culture and entertainment consumption, three forms of cultural entertainment product consumption structure of three aspects discussed different rural areas of Jiangsu Province, structure and diversity of cultural consumption, and from the two aspects of family and community analysis of the influencing factors, proposes to strengthen investment in rural education, rural incomes continued protection steady growth, strengthen the government and relevant departments invested three aspects of the proposal in order to promote cultural consumption rationalization of the structure.

  Test of Contribution of Agricultural Intellectual Property Rights to Competitiveness of Agricultural Industry in China(1985-2011) 2014, 30 (17):  117-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2610 Abstract + ( 696 )   PDF ( 731774KB )   ( 419 ) Since 1985, China government had implemented a serial of measurements to protect the intellectual property rights of agricultural industry. The paper is managing to test theoretically whether and to what extent these actions had brought positive effects to the agricultural industry. The work is starting from the comprehensive test of the level of protection of agricultural intellectual property rights measurements both from the legislation and enforcement perspectives, the result of which shows that the level had been climbing up during this time period. Then, on the basis of the conclusion that the RCA index of China’s agricultural department being descending, the paper has chosen several indices to construct the equation so as to do empirical research in the function of protection of intellectual property rights to the industrial competitiveness.

  Outcome Application of Agricultural Land Classification on the Prime Farmland Confirmed in Shanshan County 2014, 30 (17):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2595 Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 2728032KB )   ( 424 ) In order to realize the scientific definition and management of prime farmland, using outcome of land assessment is one of important technology support. On the basis of master the farmland information about the degree of salinity, probability of irrigation, natural quality grade and so on in the outcome of land quality assessment, to filter out high-quality farmland and conduct an overlay analysis with the existing prime farmland polygon with the help of GIS technology. The results showed that: a phenomenon that there were some low-quality land in the prime farmland and some high grade land could become prime farmland. This case study showed that using outcome of land quality assessment to confirm quantity of prime farmland could provide references and bases simply and effectively, and make it more scientific and rational.

  Landscape Ecology Characteristics and Spatial-temporal Evolution of Rural Settlement in Liling City 2014, 30 (17):  131-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3235 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 979413KB )   ( 471 ) With the human activities intensified，Studied The driving factors of landscape ecological characteristics and changes was very important significance to the economic development and rural modernization of agriculture。The second land use survey databases in 2005 and the investigation database of land use change and other information, combining landscape ecology theory with GIS method of making the corresponding thematic maps, was used to analy and compare quantificationally spatial distribution characteristics of rural dweller dot in Liling City during 2005-2009 and their differences. The results show :During 2005-2009, the scale of rural settlements of Liling City has increased; rural settlements shape becomes more complex; The rural settlements affected significantly by the natural environment,In the area where the rurar settlements more closer from the town, rivers, roads and lower the slope has a larger increase and the complexity of shape is more obvious.

  A Research of the Efficiency of Agricultural Production under the household contract responsibility system in China 2014, 30 (17):  138-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2274 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 599035KB )   ( 475 ) The object of this research was the efficiency of agricultural production under the household contract responsibility system in China. The data envelopment analysis was used to evaluate the efficiency of agricultural production in China from 1995 to 2009. Agricultural production efficiency and pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency were analyzed in this research. The study showed that the scale efficiency had a greater impact on agricultural productivity of small farmers in China, and traditional small farmer’s production methods which were made up of the family unit limited the efficiency of scale. Therefore China should improve land management system and encourage farmers to enlarge scale to improve the efficiency of agricultural production.

  Analysis on Farmer’s Pesticide Behaviors Safely and Influencing Factors- Based on the Survey of 600 Rice Growers in Anren 2014, 30 (17):  145-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2600 Abstract + ( 717 )   PDF ( 586767KB )   ( 464 ) Following the life improvement, people's requirements for better quality agricultural products is also increasing, farmers behavior will affect the quality of agricultural products, how to safeguard the quality of agricultural products by influencing farmer’s action is the focus of research. In this paper, it surveys 600 rice growers randomly in Anren County to research their spraying action, and identify that the technology training, price and efficacy of pesticides, residues of pesticide and government regulatory are factors of impacting behaviors of farmer’s actions. So it proposed that strengthen the training of farmers for drug safety, stabilize the pesticide market prices and strengthen the supervision of pesticide market and the rice production process, to better guide the farmers to carry out safety spraying to protect the quality and safety of rice production.

  Research on New Generation of Migrant Workers Social Security Rights and Interests——Based on a Survey of 328 New Generation of Migrant Workers in Suzhou 2014, 30 (17):  151-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2415 Abstract + ( 873 )   PDF ( 574725KB )   ( 409 ) New generation of migrant workers play an important role to economic transformation, and their social security rights and interests directly affect their survival and development. Through an investigation of 328 new generation workers in Suzhou, this paper found there is still a large gap between their desire and the current situation. The imperfect social security system, social security pattern differences between regions, enterprises’ irresponsible behavior and the subjective factors of new generation of migrant workers, all exert influence in new generation of migrant workers’ social security rights and interests. Therefore, the nation, governments, enterprises and individuals all need to shoulder the responsibility and work closely together to make new generation of migrant workers’ rights and interests complete and inviolable.

  Research on Soil Water Characteristic Curve Based on Agricultural Meteorological Automatic Observatory of Shandong Province 2014, 30 (17):  156-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2044 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 851823KB )   ( 503 ) In order to better evaluate the Shandong agricultural meteorological station, research on regulation of soil water movement, according to the data from 120 moisture measurement stations in Shandong Province, the author measured different soil texture and wilting coefficient, using Van Genuchten model to describe soil water characteristic curve (h-? curve) to establish the connection between moisture volume ratio and soil water potential based on agricultural meteorological automatic observatory of Shandong Province. The comprehensive analysis indicated that: sticky soil had higher stable and effective water content in field than sand, so the sticky soil could stably provide water to plant and coordinate water themselves, thus sticky soil had a strong ability in resistance to drought and flood.

  The Application of Double Monomer Heating Technology with Positive and Negative Combustion Way in Tobacco-Curing System 2014, 30 (17):  161-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2883 Abstract + ( 1431 )   PDF ( 866463KB )   ( 432 ) The purpose of this study was to improve fuel efficiency, reduce curing costs and reduce environmental pollution of flue-cured tobacco bulk curing. Compared with the bulk curing using common heating equipment, the comparative study of flue-cured tobacco baking performance with efficiency heating equipment was developed. The new heating equipment was the double monomer heating technology curing barn with positive and negative combustion way. The results showed that using a heating furnace with up and down hearth, forward and reverse burning at the same time to achieve the combustion of coal burning more fully. CO, CH4, carbon dust and other combustible materials of conventional flue gas contained can be fully, efficient combustion and utilization. The temperature raising speed of idling test was 60℃/h, it was 34℃ higher than that of ordinary curing barn. When the system baking real load, the match degree of measured temperature and humidity is high with the target temperature and humidity in different stages and it can completely meet the control requirements of baking technology. Double heating curing barn with the positive and negative combustion monomer average coal consumption, power consumption and comprehensive energy consumption costs of per kilogram dry tobacco reduce 0.31 kg, 0.05kWh and 0.33 yuan, and the decline was 17.73%, 14.36% and 17.46% than ordinary curing barn, respectively. The baking operation and other daily labor costs per kilogram dry tobacco was less than ordinary heating equipment such as 0.52 yuan, fell 43.93%, and no significant negative effect on the quality of tobacco curing. The double monomer heating technology with positive and negative combustion way can improve heating speed and plane temperature uniformity, the baking temperature and humidity control in the process was precision. This way can effectively reduce the energy consumption and labor costs of tobacco-curing system.

  The Influence of the Shapes of the Shear Box on the Internal Friction Angle of Grain 2014, 30 (17):  167-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2470 Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 666891KB )   ( 423 ) In order to explore the influence of the shapes of the shear box on the internal friction angle of grain in the case of keeping other variables the same, the author obtained the experiment results of the internal friction angle of grain under different shapes of the shear box by contrasting the self-designed square-circle shape shear box with the circle shape shear box in the direct shear test. After being analyzed and compared, the experiment results demonstrated that the internal friction angle of the grain was bigger under the condition of the square-circle shape shear box. So the shapes of the shear box had a certain influence on the test of the internal friction angle of grain.

  Research of Biomass Accumulation and Saccharification Characteristics of Phragmites australis in Dongting Lake 2014, 30 (17):  171-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2305 Abstract + ( 929 )   PDF ( 687867KB )   ( 407 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of biomass energy, the author analyzed biomass accumulation, degradation and saccharification characteristics of Phragmites australis. With Phragmites australis as materials, samples were collected monthly to explore biomass changes and saccharification characteristics of Phragmites australis. The results show that: (1) the plant height had been on the rise since April, and it stopped growing in September, fresh weight and dry weight present similar change trend, (2) Phragmites australis fiber production was subsequently increasing up to 78.7% in September; (3) After alkaline hydrolysis and the processing of enzymolysis, the reducing sugar yield of Phragmites australis leaf and stem could reach 237.17 mg/g and 242.62 mg/g, respectively.

  The General Development Situation and Countermeasures of Dry Farming in South China 2014, 30 (17):  175-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2450 Abstract + ( 800 )   PDF ( 511462KB )   ( 901 ) In recent years, frequent drought occurred in South China and result in great damage to the agricultural production and the lives of the people. In order to promote the development of dry farming and guarantee the food and cash crops security in South China, the current situation and significance of the development of dry farming in South China were reviewed; the main existing problems of the development of dry farming in South China were analyzed in detail, the countermeasures of the development of dry farming in South China were also recommended, which included enhance the construction of farmland engineering, drought resistance breeding, look for technology of drought resistance and water conservation, improve water use efficiency by rain-collecting and water-saving irrigation technology.

  Optimization of Ultrasonic disruption for PAHs-depredating enzymes from Actnetobacter calcoaceticus 2014, 30 (17):  180-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2325 Abstract + ( 892 )   PDF ( 1584393KB )   ( 412 ) Ultrasonic wave was used in this paper to disrupt the cell of Actnetobacter calcoaceticus WG-6 for PAHs-depredating enzymes. The effect of ultrasound output power, duration of radiation each time, total irradiation time and the cell dilution multiple on the activity of PAHs depredating-enzymes were investigated through the single-factor experiment. The optimum conditions of PAHs depredating-enzymes extraction were determined through box-benhnken center-united design and response surface method were duration of radiation each time 2s (with a 2s interval), ultrasonic power 320W, total irradiation time 17 min, cell dilution multiple 12.5. The PAHs-depredating enzymes activity was 95.55U/g under this condition.

  Measuring of the Intensity of Regional Ecological Risk Index Based on RS and Transfer Matrix:Taking Xifeng District, Qingyang City as An Example 2014, 30 (17):  186-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2377 Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 2743632KB )   ( 352 ) In order to reflect the revolution of the ecological risk of land use from 1990 to 2000 in Xifeng District Qingyang City, maximum reduce the risk of land utilization level. The author used RS and GIS technology, introduced the method of ecological risk index and the transfer matrix, and used the transfer matrix to reflect the conversion of land ecological risk. The results showed that: from 1990 to 2010 the Xifeng District Qingyang City’s forest ecological risk to the ecological risks of grassland, construction land, cultivated land, water and unutilized land, the main of the transfer was forest to cultivated land; and the ecological risks of grassland, construction land, cultivated land also mainly to cultivated land, respectively. And the ecological risk of cultivated mainly to unutilized land; water’s mainly to grassland. By introducing a transfer matrix was more intuitive reflect the flow direction of the ecological risk, showed the ecological risk of conversion between various land types, providing the basis for the protection of the ecological environment.

  The Optimal Allocation of Land Use Structure in Zhongjiang County 2014, 30 (17):  190-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2529 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 580418KB )   ( 402 ) The high dependence and infinity requirements on land resources because of the rapid development of social economy formed strongly objective contradictions, fully needed for land use reasonable and optimized configuration. Based on the land use structure of Zhongjiang and characteristics of regional economic, ecology and society and mater plan (2010-2020), a linear planning model with objective carried out the optimal allocation of land use structure in Zhongjiang under the restriction of economic and ecological efficiency. Based on different benefit-led development goals, through the optimal allocation of land use structure, it could get different total GDP. During the optimal allocation of land use structure in Zhongjiang, it could achieve ecological and economic benefits and the natural eco-efficiency ‘win-win’ in the target year. The results could ensure that sustainable development needs in a given period and provide theoretical support for the management of land resources and other government departments.

  The Study of Soil Nutrient Distribution in Abandoned Lands in the Minqin Oasis 2014, 30 (17):  195-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2281 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 731156KB )   ( 614 ) In order to manage and use vegetation resources more scientifically and rationally, the author based on the typical region of Shiyang River in Minqin County cultivated land as the research object, by analyzing the different restoration of distribution and the change of soil nutrient of recovery process of vegetation land in lower reaches of Shiyang River. The results showed that: (1) the content of N fertilizer in the soil with the increasing length of grain for the rising trend in a fluctuant way, but along with the deepening of the soil in the same duration of woodland decreased gradually, 1-10 years after the farmland, mostly for one year from the raw herbs and plants perennial root, the root shallow, the soil N content changed smaller; 15-30 years, 1 year raw herbs was gradually replaced by perennial herbs and shrubs, plant root depth up to 20-40 cm N content change relatively large amplitude; stabilised in 50 years, (2) P content in soil level five different stages were A>B>C>D distribution regularity, the characteristics of 1-10 years after the farmland, the differences of the content of A, B layers P, C, D layers were affected by conversion of time smaller; grain for 15-50 years later, A, B, C, D amplitude phases soil P content changed. (3) In different fixed number of year at all levels, the content of K showed the same regularity as P, namely the general rule of A>B>C>D, 1-30 years after returning farmland, the content of K C D layer increased with fluctuation decreased as the fixed number of year, and A, B layer regularity was not obvious. After farmland 50 years, content of the K tended to be stable.

  Effects of Storage Methods and Time on Nutrients in Anaerobically Digested Slurry of Straw 2014, 30 (17):  200-203.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2541 Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 516205KB )   ( 474 ) To study the effects of different storage methods and time on content of nutrients in biogas slurry of straw, two storage methods were carried out on biogas slurry between open storage and airtight storage conditions at normal atmospheric temperature. The content of N, P, K，and organic matter in biogas slurry of straw were determined in different storage time. The results showed that: during the process of biogas slurry storage, little change occurred in the content of the organic matter while the total content of N, P, K was significantly declined; up to 50 days, the total content of N, P, K reduced to nearly 80%~90%; Because the content of N, P, K in biogas slurry reduced less in airtight storage conditions so that a better result was found on airtight storage methods than open storage methods in fertilizer field of biogas slurry of straw.

  Analysis on the Soil Moisture Change Characters of Natural Slope in Haikou City 2014, 30 (17):  204-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3222 Abstract + ( 796 )   PDF ( 586135KB )   ( 699 ) In order to better understand soil moisture of natural slope and related factors of Haikou in the context of climate change. Based on soil moisture data of natural slope and meteorological observation data from 2005 to 2011 in Qiongshan meteorological observation station at Haikou, the relationship between soil moisture of natural slope and meteorological factors were analyzed by statistical methods. Results were shown as follows: (1) the annual variation of soil moisture from 10 to 50 cm of natural slope had a positive trend, the seasonal variation be same to annual variation, but instability in winter and spring; (2) monthly variation of soil moisture from 10 to 50 cm had a wavy change, up wet and down dry during February to October and on the contrary during November to January; (3) as the depth of soil, the deeper moisture was more smaller, and the difference was more significant, especially in layer 40-50 cm. (4) soil moisture at 20 cm was closely related to the soil moisture, so used soil moisture at 20 cm to instead of soil moisture at 10-50 cm, and found that soil moisture had a negatively correlated with soil temperature, a positively correlated with precipitation, and the regression equations on soil moisture and meteorological factors on different seasons passed the T-test at a confidence level of 0.99.

  Research Progress of Heavy Pollution in Soil and Phytoremediation Technology 2014, 30 (17):  208-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2867 Abstract + ( 938 )   PDF ( 593671KB )   ( 1326 ) In recent decades, with the rapid expansion of the global population and the stride forward of the process of industrialization, a lot of heavy metals had been emitted in soil environment, which had led great harm to our health. Due to the low cost of the phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution, the advantages of wide adaptability, no secondary pollution, it had been widely studied and paid attentions by many scholars in recent years. The present situation and the characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution and the general situation of the type of soil heavy metal phytoremediation technology were summarized in this paper. And the research progress of hyperaccumulator and was summarized. And the paper analyzed the limits of hyperaccumulators in recent years; it also made an outlook of phytoremediation.

  Analysis of Temperature and Precipitation Change Trend in 55 Years and the Effects of Drought in Huanxian 2014, 30 (17):  215-221.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3343 Abstract + ( 711 )   PDF ( 840151KB )   ( 531 ) In order to cope with climate change, explore the arid development law of Huanxian, draw on the advantages and avoid disadvantages to rationally develop and utilize the climate resources. The author used the 55 years temperature and precipitation data from 1957 to 2012 in Huanxian, Gansu Province, calculated the maximum temperature, minimum temperature and average rainfall, precipitation days weather trend rate by using the least squares method since the average temperature 1957 years. The results showed that: Huanxian climate warming was a fact, the temperature trend and the trend of temperature over the same period after the mid-1980s were basically the same, the warming rate of 0.385℃/10 a, the average maximum temperature was warming rates up to 0.597℃/10 a, was significantly higher than the national warming rate, by YAMAMOTO, cumulative distance equal way to test was to climate catastrophe point 1987 year, 1987-2012 compared with 1957-1986, the average temperature increased by 1.2℃, winter increased 1.3℃; Huanxian had a decreasing trend in precipitation tendency was -14.013 mm/10 a, which in spring, summer and autumn precipitation radiate a decreasing trend, the most significant decreased in autumn; climate warming, extreme weather events after drought reduced precipitation, increased significantly large floods of 1987 warming after the drought of increased probability of 5%, 3% increased in the probability of large floods.

  Study of Land Surface Temperature Forecast Method Based on the Numerical Forecast Products 2014, 30 (17):  222-227.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2423 Abstract + ( 915 )   PDF ( 1341329KB )   ( 889 ) In order to develop study of land surface temperature prediction service, and improve forecast accuracy of daily surface temperature, based on the numerical forecast products of ECMWF and T213, daily land surface temperature from 2007 to 2012 in Fushun City, using the methods of stepwise regression and BP neural network model to build the forecast model of land surface temperature in Fushun City and test the accuracy of the model. The results showed that: height field, sea level pressure field, temperature field of ECMWF and divergence, height field, sea level pressure field, pressure field, K index, water vapor flux, relative humidity, temperature, ground temperature field, vorticity field of T213 were a significant correlation with land surface temperature. Accuracy test of the prediction model showed that the surface the average temperature and the surface minimum temperature forecast effect was good, the error of less than 3℃ forecasting accuracy achieves more than 79%. The comparison of 2 models showed that BP neural network prediction model was better than the stepwise regression prediction model and the stability of the stepwise regression prediction model was better than BP neural network prediction model.

  The Change of Potential Evapotranspiration during 1981 to 2010 and the Analysis of Ecological Water Demand 2014, 30 (17):  228-235.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2058 Abstract + ( 834 )   PDF ( 2119991KB )   ( 425 ) In order to know the amount of real-time soil moisture gains and losses of Liaoning, grasped the water demand situation and carried out artificial rainfall operations scientifically. The daily precipitation, wind speed, temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, the daily total sunshine, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and other meteorological data of 55 stations from 1981 to 2012 was used. FAO PenmanMonteith model was applied to calculate potential evapotranspiration and analyze the temporal and spatial variation of potential evapotranspiration trends and characteristics of Liaoning Province. The results showed that nearly 30 years the interannual change of potential evapotranspiration was downward trend in the overall in Liaoning Province. The summer potential evapotranspiration was the most one in four seasons, in some regions there was a little difference in spring and summer or even slightly larger in spring, autumn and winter was small. The spatial distribution of the characteristic showed decreasing from west to east. The ecological water analysis system was established based on calculating potential evapotranspiration, which could calculate soil water budget for each observation point at real time. It could provide reference for decision and command of artificial rainfall.

  The Impact of Climate Change on China's Maize Production and Consumption Under Considering the CO2 Fertilization Effect——Based on the Agriculture CGE Model of China 2014, 30 (17):  236-244.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0222 Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 687140KB )   ( 637 ) To study the effect of climate change influenced corn yield on the national grain production and Socioeconomic sectors, the study used a computable general equilibrium model, took the corn yield that was affected by climate change considering the fertilization effect of carbon dioxide as policy simulation scheme and constructed the base to simulate climate change effects on China's maize production and consumption. The result showed: (1) To 2050, under the high emissions scenario (A2), the total maize production would be 235813 kt, and the total consumption demand would be 270800 kt, while under the low emissions scenario (B2), the total maize production would be 242418 kt, and the total consumption demand would be 238435 kt, the supply of maize exceeded its demand under the high emissions scenario (A2), on the contrary, the supply slightly bigger than the demand under the B2 scenario. (2) The climate change would have a beneficial influence on China’s macro economy and sectors, compared with base period, real wages, real GDP, investment and household consumption, export and other macro indicators would all increase. On the whole, both under A2 and B2 scenarios, the results could be the growth of corn supply and reduction of corn import, the quantity of increased supply would be larger than that of demand. Therefore, considering the fertilization effect of carbon dioxide, climate change would strengthen the corn supply and have favorable implications for corn security.

  A Study on Variation Characteristic of Light, Temperature and Precipitation Resource and their Relationship with Grain Yield in Tianshui City from 1961 to 2010 2014, 30 (17):  245-249.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2378 Abstract + ( 880 )   PDF ( 649575KB )   ( 498 ) In order to explore the relationship between the climatic resource and yield of grain, based on date of sunshine duration, temperature and precipitation in seven weather stations in Tianshui from 1961 to 2010, the author analyzed the variation law of agrometerological resource with the methods of rate of climate change, Mann-kendall and Z-score standardization. The results showed that: the annual sunshine duration decreased by 30 hours every 10 years. The annual mean temperature, average maximum temperature and average minimum temperature increased by 0.40℃, 0.36℃ and 0.39℃ every 10 years respectively. It also indicated that the annual precipitation decreased by 20 mm every 10 years. The comprehensive natural resource index varied with curve of the second degree and the turn point was at 1982. It decreased by 0.08 every 10 years from 1961 to 1982 and increased by 0.48 every 10 years. This variation met with the yield of grain at research area.

  A Study on Characteristics of Ecological Water Requirement in Maijishan Scenic Spot 2014, 30 (17):  250-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2250 Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 603638KB )   ( 445 ) In order to study the variation characteristics of water and provide the scientific basis for applying the water resource, based on the soil moisture and meteorological data, the characteristics of ecological water requirement in the Maijishan scenic spot had been analyzed. The result showed that: the water requirement was 678×106 m3 in all and the soil water accounted 21%, evapotranspiration accounted 79%. The least ecological water requirement quota was 480×106 m3 in all and soil water accounted 16%, evapotranspiration accounted 84%. The least suitable ecological water requirement quota was 624×106 m3 in all and soil water accounted 18%, evapotranspiration accounted 86%. The precipitation was 614×106 m3 and the consumption water surplus reached 78×106 m3. The year when the precipitation was over the evapotranspiration accounted 76% . The evapotranspiration turned liner increase trend since 1980s. The precipitation was over the evapotranspiration in June to October. The precipitation was under the evapotranspiration in November to December, January to May and evapotranspiration water requirement depend on soil water. The difference of precipitation and evapotranspiration was bigger and that influenced on waterfall and stream in Maiji scenic spot.

  Phenological Change of Ulmus pumila and It’s Response to Temperature Variationin Last 30 Years in Xilin Gol 2014, 30 (17):  256-261.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2071 Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 609380KB )   ( 383 ) In order to grassland ecological environment better adapted to climate change and the reasonable arrangement of animal husbandry production, according to the nearly 1984-2012, Xilingol League area 3 agriculture (animal husbandry) experimental stations of Ulmus pumila phenological observation data, by using the methods of climate trend analysis and correlation analysis, the Ulmus pumila leaves change color in the fall of the stirring and spring phenology characteristics analysis. The results showed that: the average nearly 30 years to Ulmus pumila spring buds open issue had delayed trend, union-wide average delay rate was 10.1 d/ 10 a, which appeared after the first 10 years of 21st century years time, the highest percentage in the 1990s and 3 years recent times; autumn Ye Quan discoloration period had a tendency to delay, union-wide average delay rate was 3.9 d/ 10 a, which appeared in the 1990s and the 21st century’s first decade later year maximum percentage; union-wide except Xilinhaote and Taipusiqi respectively with the highest temperature and lowest ground temperature had significant effects on Ulmus pumila phenophase, the rest of other temperature effect was not obvious; nearly 30 years overall backwards in Xilingol League area in spring, autumn phenophase, the delayed growth season.

  Analysis on Change Characteristics of Precipitation in Lhasa from 1981 to 2010 2014, 30 (17):  262-266.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2701 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 810527KB )   ( 351 ) In order to provide a reference for the interannual or longer-term precipitation in Lhasa, and to understand the background of climate change on precipitation, based on the annual precipitation data recorded 4 meteorogical stations in Lhasa during the period from1981 to 2010, methods such as anomaly, 5-year moving average, the trend coefficient, the Mann-Kendall and wavelet analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of precipitation in Lhasa. The results indicated that: annual precipitation increased in the past 30 years. Annual, spring and summer’s precipitation of each stations in Lhasa showed an increase trend, winter precipitation in most areas were a decrease trend. The precipitation’s mutation in Lhasa occurred in the late of 1980s. There was a significant 2-4 years and 3-5 years of frequency of annual rainfall. There was no serious dryness and wetness events occurred in Lhasa, most of the years were normal, and small floods event was easily to happen.

  Vulnerability Analysis of Lightning Disaster in Zhejing Province 2014, 30 (17):  267-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2925 Abstract + ( 783 )   PDF ( 574363KB )   ( 438 ) Lightning is one of the worst natural disasters. Lightning vulnerability is the possibility and state about human social and economic extent of the damage suffered lightning. In this study, based on thunderstorm days, population density, average GDP, river area, height above sea level, terrain undulations degree and annual revenue of each county in Zhejiang, and with analytical hierarchy process (AHP), a model of lighting vulnerability was found. Lightning vulnerability was calculated in each county. Based on each county’s lightning vulnerability, Zhejiang Province was divided into high vulnerability, medium vulnerability and low vulnerability district. This work provided a basis for lightning protection in Zhejiang.

  Individual and Complex Effects of Cd2+;Cr6+ on the Physiological Characteristics of Spirodela oligorrhiza 2014, 30 (17):  272-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2193 Abstract + ( 839 )   PDF ( 545623KB )   ( 398 ) To understand the toxicity mechanisms of mixed heavy metals on aquatic plant, ndicators of the content of chlorophyll, the activity of SOD, POD and the content of MDA in leaves of Spirodela oligorrhiza, hydroponic experiments were conducted in this study for exploring the biological responses of Spirodela oligorrhiza leaves to single and joint stress of Cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr6+ ). The results showed that single- Cd treatment had significant influences on the content of chlorophyll. With the increase of Cd concentrations, the content of chlorophyll decreased evidently, the stress content of chlorophyll is a sensitive index in response to the Cd-pollution. With the increase of Cd concentrations, the Spirodela oligorrhiza leaf SOD and POD activities appeared as an increasing- decreasing trend, and POD activities higher than CK. While the content of MDA increased persistently. Chromium (Cr6+) single treatment on Spirodela oligorrhiza indicators influence were similar to Cd, but were less than Cd. Under the Cd-Cr6+ combined stress, the content of chlorophyll decreased with increasing contentration, and less than the single-Cd stress. But there was no striking concentration difference of chlorophyll between groups of different Cr6+ concentrations in the same cadmium concentration, which showed that Cd2+ was dominant in the destruction of chlorophyll, the Spirodela oligorrhiza leaf SOD and POD activities appeared as an increasing- decreasing trend, but these enzyme activities decreased when compared with the single-Cd stress, and POD activities lesser than CK; the content of MDA increased with increasing concentration, and higher than the single-Cd stress, which suggested that the combined toxicity of Cd and Cr6+ was stronger than the single-Cd stress. The interaction of Cadmium and Chromium showed synergism action.

  The Variation Characteristics Analysis of Frost in Chongqing City in Recent 40 Years 2014, 30 (17):  279-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2337 Abstract + ( 912 )   PDF ( 783774KB )   ( 434 ) In order to know the feature of frost event in Chongqing under the back of global warming, and provide more reference for optimizing agricultural planting structure, the variation characteristics of frost in Chongqing was analyzed by using surface observe data day by day of Chengkou meteorological station, and applying statistical method. The results showed that: (1) In recent 40 years, the first frost and the last frost also occurred later, the rate of the first frost was faster more than the last frost. The frost-free period present longer trend slowly. Since 21 century, the later trend of the first frost and were increasing, while the frost-free period was decreasing. (2) The change of intensity of the frost was gradual, but the last frost was stronger more than the first frost. Since 21 century, no matter what the first frost nor the last frost, its intensity became weaken. (3) In recent 40 year, the first frost, the last frost, and the frost-free period all showed apparent decadal and periodic change characteristics. The first frost had about 30 years periodic, while the last frost has about 23 years periodic. The trend of deviation from normal of the first frost was at first increasing and then decreasing, but the last frost was decreasing continuously. Since 21 century, the rate of extreme later of the first frost was increasing. (4) As a whole, the number of abnormal year of the first frost was more than the last frost. But since 21 century, abnormal degree became more serious. So only know regular of the frost, improving duly agricultural planting structure, people could improve the quality of agriculture industry.

  Research Progress of Monitoring Agro-meteorological Disasters by Using Remote Sensing 2014, 30 (17):  284-288.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2968 Abstract + ( 1086 )   PDF ( 528787KB )   ( 852 ) Remote sensing is one important method to get field information quickly. After meteorological disasters, it is very significant to monitor the crop’s area and degree with remote sensing for disasters accessing and treatment. In this paper, the importance of monitoring agro-meteorological disasters by using remote sensing at this special historical period was elaborated. Different remote sensing methods of monitoring different agro-meteorological disasters were presented followed by a brief introduction. Finally, the current research highlights, the existing difficulties, the future development trends and the prospect for remote sensing of monitoring agro-meteorological were discussed.

  Available Land Resources Research Under the GIS Support: A Case Study of Qingyang City 2014, 30 (17):  289-293.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2465 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 842580KB )   ( 587 ) In order to study the number, quality and spatial distribution of available land resources of Qingyang City, the author used GIS spatial analysis techniques to lay over the current land use maps, elevation digital model diagram, slope grading spatial, calculated the available land resources in Qingyang City, and used SPSS to abundant graded. The results showed that: the available resources land area of Qingyang City was 3848.61 km2, the per capita area of land resources available was 0.14 hm2/person. The available land resources were relatively abundant, but each county distribution was uneven, the quality of available land resources was poor, the restriction factors of land use were more and difficult.

  The Research of Mode of Renewable Resource Management Based on the Internet of Things and the Life Cycle Assessment 2014, 30 (17):  294-299.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2138 Abstract + ( 961 )   PDF ( 547846KB )   ( 637 ) In order to achieve real time and efficient management of renewable resources, while ensuring economy and environmentally friendly during the management process, the author discussed the mode of renewable resource management based on the internet of things (IoT) and life cycle assessment (LCA). By means of IoT’s advantages of perceiving and collecting data, information transmission via network and intelligent processing and the LCA theory and method, it’s practicable to achieve efficient and intelligent management of renewable resources and take the environmental effects of various types of renewable resources into account by applying LCA and IoT to the field of renewable resources management. And better service is to be provided for renewable resources management by fully exploiting the respective advantages of IoT and LCA. In the last section of this paper, the combined application of IoT and LCA with data as the integrated point was explored.

  Accuracy Analysis of Soil Organic Carbon: A Case Study of Guangdong Province, China 2014, 30 (17):  300-307.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2756 Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 927667KB )   ( 560 ) Soil organic carbon is the important part of terrestrial carbon pool, it plays an important role in climatic change and global carbon cycle, and the accurate estimation of soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) is one precondition of its research. Taking Guangdong Province as an example, the top SOCS was estimated by applying the second national soil survey data (341 profiles) and soil type map, as the same way, the soil organic matter degree map based on huge number of soil profiles data was used to calculate the range of SOCS, the accuracy of regular data were also analyzed. The result indicated that: the SOCS using regular soil profiles data was more than the SOCS mean value of new data about 24.81%, up to 1.360×108 t, about 0.739×108 t and 0.469×108 t in laterite red soil and paddy soil respectively. It could be inferred that the result by soil profiles data was overestimated the real SOCS. Different data sources had their own limitations and advantages. Therefore, the range of SOCS using the soil organic matter degree map would doubtless serve as a powerful supplement in the SOCS estimate methods, as well as province necessary reference for the SOCS true value.

  Resort Development at Home and Abroad Retrospect and Prospect 2014, 30 (17):  308-313.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2391 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 491286KB )   ( 912 ) In recent years , the development of resort vacation at home and abroad was a hot issue in the field of tourism research. By using the methods of literature material and logic analysis system review resort development research results both at home and abroad, and foreign related research development in the resort development life cycle theory, the coastal resort development, foreign scholars have made a series of valuable results. Domestic scholars focus on the macro-resort development planning research, qualitative case research and so on. The problem was the lack of basic theoretical research, academic background and research method of the single. Looking to the future, The researchers may carry out the resort development theoretical system, large-scale empirical research, multidisciplinary research, development entities and institutional innovation and other aspects.

  Market Research and Analysis on Rural Tourism in Mentougou 2014, 30 (17):  314-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0457 Abstract + ( 690 )   PDF ( 749262KB )   ( 590 ) In recent years, with the increase of income and leisure time, the fast rhythm of urban life and the increasingly fierce competition, people are eager to relax and take a leisurely life from the beautiful environment. As a result rural tourism that returns to nature has become the best choice to people. We adopt the method of market research, select the villages and towns of rural tourism as the research object, and focus on the market of Men Tougou rural tourism for research and analysis. Through the field surveys of operators and consumers of Men Tougou rural tourism, SPSS analysis results show that although with the development of rural tourism and tourists mature and individuation in recent years, Men Tougou rural tourism has also got certain development. However, the development of Men Tougou rural tourism is also imperfect due to some factors, such as poor infrastructure and traffic conditions, single products of rural tourism and reception environment, etc. We specific to the limited factors of the development of Men Tougou rural tourism, research from the perspective of culture creativity of Men Tougou rural tourism, aimed at translating the resources advantages of Men Tougou rural tourism into economic advantages, and promoting the transformation and upgrading of Men Tougou rural tourism.