Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.6 Published:07 March 2016

  Effects of Controlled Release Urea on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content Du Jun,Sun Kegang,Zhang Yunhong,He Ailing and Sun Kezhen 2016, 32 (6):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090058 Abstract + ( 1245 )   PDF ( 486KB )   ( 603 ) In order to investigate the effect of controlled release urea on rice yield and high efficient utilization of nitrogen under the conditions of equal amount of nitrogen fertilizer and reasonable fertilizer, field experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of controlled release urea (CRU) and common urea (CU) with different application doses on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrate nitrogen content. The results showed that the highest yield of rice was 8986.5 kg/hm2 in the treatment of CRU100%. Compared with CU100%, the rice yield in the treatment of CRU 100% increased by 380.7 kg/hm2, the difference was significant. There was no significant difference in the rice yields between the treatments of CRU3/4 and CU100%, and CRU1/2 and CU100%, suggesting that 1/2 to 3/4 nitrogen application rate with CRU could get the same yield as CU treatments. The highest nitrogen use efficiency was 68.3% in the treatment of CRU1/2. Compared with CU1/2 treatment of the equal nitrogen application, the nitrogen use efficiency of CRU1/2 was increased by 20.6 percentage point. Meanwhile, CRU could slow down nitrate nitrogen accumulation in soil profile significantly. The application of CRU could evidently reduce the quantity of soil nitrate nitrogen leaching to deep soil layer and therefore lessen the risk of ground water pollution.

  Effect of Silicon Fertilizer Application on Paddy Soil in Mountainous Areaof Southern Anhui Province Sun Xing,Zhu Keya,Liu Qin,Cao Zhihong,Cai Xianjie,Cheng Sen,Zhang Weiefeng and Sun Ping 2016, 32 (6):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090003 Abstract + ( 1276 )   PDF ( 760KB )   ( 465 ) The aims of this study were to explore the effect of different kinds and amounts of silicon fertilizers on rice yield in the mountainous area of southern Anhui Province and select rice cultivars with high silicon fertilizer accumulation. According to the silicon deficiency properties (available silicon content was 5.68 ± 0.84 mg/kg), a pot experiment with different kinds and amounts of silicon fertilizers and a field experiment on rice cultivars with different silicon sensitivity were designed. The pot experiment results showed that different kinds or amounts of silicon fertilizers could significantly increase rice yield, of which, treatments of 150 kg/hm2 water soluble silicon and slag silicon exerted more significant effect on rice yield than the control (no silicon fertilizer) and the yield of the two treatments increased by 64.53% and 23.49%, respectively, but rice yield did not increase with the application of increasing amount of silicon fertilizers. The field experiment results showed that the yield of 6 rice cultivars significantly increased as steel slag silicon fertilizer was applied, of which, ‘Su Xiu 867’ appeared to be the most sensitive to silicon fertilizer, its yield increased by 40.77% compared with the control, and it was a rice cultivar with high silicon uptake efficiency and accumulation. As the paddy field in mountainous area of southern Anhui Province was concerned, the optimum application amount of silicon fertilizer and the selection of cultivars with high silicon uptake could effectively improve the rice yield and obtain high economic benefits.

  Water and Fertilizer Application Mode of Drip Irrigated Winter Wheat UnderDifferent Soil Fertility Conditions Bai Yungang and Jia Zila 2016, 32 (6):  11-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090027 Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 3979KB )   ( 331 ) The aim was to explore the best water and fertilizer application mode for winter wheat, and provide scientific basis for efficient-water and fertilizer management of high-quality, high-yield winter wheat under drip irrigation condition. Two pieces of field with different soil fertilities were chosen to conduct comparative experiment on water nitrogen combination treatment for winter wheat at different growing stages. The effect of different soil fertilities, different water nitrogen application modes on the yield and quality of winter wheat was analyzed by determining dry matter accumulation of winter wheat. The results indicated that soil basic fertility had a significantly positive effect on dry matter accumulation of drip irrigated wheat; the increase of base fertilizer could improve photosynthetic products to increase winter wheat yield. The improvement of soil basic fertility had a negative effect on drip irrigated winter wheat in grain test weight, protein content, vitamin B1, amino acid content and water absorption rate. It was recommended that the W2N2 water and fertilizer application mode of drip irrigation was suitable for winter wheat in high fertility field, namely the combination pattern of moisture regulation in filling stage and postponing nitrogen application, while the W1N3 water and fertilizer application mode of drip irrigation was suitable for winter wheat in low fertility field, namely the combination pattern of water and fertilizer regulation in reviving- jointing stage.

  Effect of Temperature Change on Growth and Yield Structure of Maize in Hetao Irrigation District Wang Haimei,Hou Qiong and Yun Wenli 2016, 32 (6):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090121 Abstract + ( 1549 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 574 ) The paper aims to reveal the effect of temperature on the growth and development of maize under the premise of basic agreement of other environmental conditions. The authors analyzed the effect of temperature change on growth, development, yield components of maize through sowing by stage tests for 3 consecutive years in Hetao irrigation district. The results showed that: (1) the cumulative temperature played a decisive role in the total weight of dry maize, the aboveground dry weight increased with the increase of cumulative temperature; (2) there was a good binomial regression relationship between the accumulated temperature and the leaf area index (LAI) and the plant height, with the increase of the accumulated temperature, the LAI and plant height increased first, and from the plant growth stop to harvest, the leaf area index and plant height dropped slowly; (3) there was a very significantly positive correlation between the 100 kernel weight and the accumulated temperature of jointing stage, and a negative correlation existed between the bald tip length and the accumulated temperature in every development phase, indicating that the accumulated temperature was a direct influence factor of maize bald tip length in seven-leaf stage, tassel stage and maturity stage; the accumulated temperature and rod weight were significantly and negatively correlated in milk stage, indicating that the higher the accumulated temperature was, the more light weight corn stick was; (4) there was a significantly positive correlation between the 100 kernel weight and the accumulated temperature of sowing-jointing-tasseling stage; (5) the higher the accumulated temperature of sowing-7-leaf stage and sowing-jointing stage was, the shorter the bald tip length was.

  Research Advances and Application of Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation in Soybean Yao Bingchen,Sun Yue,Sun Linjing,Su Jingping,Yan Shuangyong and Liu Xuejun 2016, 32 (6):  24-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080113 Abstract + ( 1291 )   PDF ( 664KB )   ( 743 ) Genetic transformation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) depends mainly on Agrobacterium mediation system. In recent years, the soybean genetic transformation has been developed rapidly, but there are still some problems such as lack of genotypes, low transformation efficiency, imperfect regeneration system and so on. In order to explore the main problems and strategies of soybean genetic transformation, in this review, the author introduced the modifications of the technical procedures including the selection of genotypes and explants, strains screening, marker gene selection and medium composition, in order to obtain effective solutions. And the author also introduced the application of the Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation in crop improvement and functional genomics.

  Study on Growth Characteristics and High-yield Agronomic Measures ofHigh Protein Content Soybean Variety ‘Pudou 5’ Li Qinghua,Lin Haifeng,Liu Jinwen,Chen Jinfu,Ke Qingming and Jiang Wenguang 2016, 32 (6):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080139 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 594KB )   ( 411 ) A new spring variety ‘Pudou 5’ was pedigree bred through the sexual hybridization between ‘Quandou 7’ (female parent) and ‘Tedali 1’ (male parent). This variety possessed the characters of rich protein content, high and stable yield, wide adaptability and good resistance. It has passed the variety certification by Fujian Crop Varieties Committee in June, 2014. In order to speed up its popularization and application in soybean production areas in Fujian, the relations of seed yield with different plant densities, urea and potassium chloride for ‘Pudou5’ were studied by using the three factors quadratic general rotary unitized design. Through optimizing and parsing the yield mathematical model of ‘Pudou 5’, the results showed that the optimal agricultural cultivation measures to get the yield more than 2550 kg/hm2 were as follows: the plant density of 275000-290500 plants/hm2, the application of urea 57.89-68.78 kg/hm2 and the application of potassium chloride 106.59-117.84 kg/hm2 in red-yellow arid soil areas in Fujian.

  Multiple Statistics Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Biological Traits of Buckwheat Germplasm Resources Li Yinfan,Zheng Minna,Liang Xiuzhi and Han Zhishun 2016, 32 (6):  40-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080118 Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 2657KB )   ( 404 ) In order to explore the genetic relationship of buckwheat germplasm resources and find beneficial genes of buckwheat germplasm resources, 9 main biological traits of 100 accessions of buckwheat germplasm resources were investigated through principal component analysis, and the scatter plots were drawn based on the first 6 principal components (PC) and the clustering analysis was carried out based on the genetic coefficients. The first 6 principal components of the 100 accessions of buckwheat germplasm resources accounted for 88.76%. 10 accessions of buckwheat germplasm resources with excellent traits were selected based on the comprehensive score of cultivar traits. The genetic similarity coefficients of all resources were from 0.03 to 22.63 in the dendrogram. 100 accessions of buckwheat germplasm resources were classified into 3 clusters at the level of 5.32 genetic coefficients, cluster Ⅰ included 37 accessions, cluster Ⅱ included 24 accessions, and cluster Ⅲ included 39 accessions. Buckwheat germplasm resources in cluster Ⅱ had higher plant height, more weighty seed yield, and good yielding ability. ZNQ098, ZNQ086, ZNQ048, ZNQ093, ZNQ082 had the best traits based on principal component analysis, the scatter plot and cluster analysis. They could be used as ideal breeding materials.

  Effect of Potassium on Physiological and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Sugarcane Shoot Under Water Stress Huang Ying,Ao Junhua,Chen Diwen,Zhou Wenling,Lu Yinglin,Huang Zhenrui,Li Qiwei and Jiang Yong 2016, 32 (6):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080124 Abstract + ( 1740 )   PDF ( 2300KB )   ( 475 ) By using the method of nutrient solution culture and simulated water stress with PEG6000, the effects of two K treatments (3, 0.05 mmol/L) and three water conditions (non-water stress, mild and moderate water stress condition) on physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of sugarcane shoots were studied. Results showed that with the rising of water stress, the biomass, leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and the leaf relative water content (RWC) of both the normal and the low K treatments decreased, but the decrease range under the normal K supply was lower than that under the low K supply. Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) went up first and then down under the normal K supply, but declined first and then increased under the low K supply. The water use efficiency (WUE), free proline (Pro) and malondiadehyde (MDA) contents increased with the rising of water stress. Under non-water stress, normal K supply had a little effect on the biomass, Pn, Gs, Tr and the content of Pro, compared with low K supply. Under the water stress, normal K supply increased the biomass, leaf K content, Pn, Gs, Tr and the content of Pro significantly, while reduced the accumulation of MDA. It indicated that normal K level could promote the growth and photosynthesis of sugarcane shoots and reduce the negative effect under drought stress.

  Mutagenesis Application to Saccharum officinarum Shoot Tip Culture with EMS He Huiyi,Fan Lina,Qi Yongwen,Lao Fangye,Deng Haihua and Hu Fei 2016, 32 (6):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080125 Abstract + ( 999 )   PDF ( 3301KB )   ( 435 ) In order to find out the optimum dose and time period of ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS), with which the chemical mutagenesis was applied in sugarcane by treating the stem tip meristem, variations in sugarcane cultivars (‘ROC22’ and ‘YT93-159’) were induced through in vitro mutagenesis with varying doses (24, 48, 72 μmol/L) and time periods (exposed for 2 or 4 h) of EMS. The results showed that the proliferation rate, the percentage of surviving explants, the percentage of shoot tips regenerating shoot, and regenerated shoot development and numbers of the two cultivars declined with the increasing concentration and extending time periods of EMS. Based on some factors such as the percentage of survival and the proliferation rate as well as the reduction of regeneration capacity, 48 μmol/L for 2 h or 24 μmol/L for 4h treatment in ‘ROC22’, and 72 μmol/L for 2 h or 48 μmol/L for 4 h treatment in ‘YT93-159’ were the optimum.

  Summary on Regional Trial of Guangxi Sugarcane Varieties in 2013-2014 Liu Xiaoyan,Liang Qiang,Lu Wenjuan,Wei Kaijun,Li Wenjiao,Qiu Wenwu,Zhu Bin,Mo Haolan and Pang Hualv 2016, 32 (6):  61-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080098 Abstract + ( 1609 )   PDF ( 511KB )   ( 413 ) The study aims to screen out sugarcane variety with good comprehensive agronomic traits for variety upgrading and improving the structure of sugarcane varieties grown in Guangxi Province. Analysis and evaluation were carried out on the cane yield, the stability and adaptability of sucrose content and agronomic traits of new sugarcane varieties depending on the investigation data of the regional trial of Guangxi sugarcane varieties in 2013-2014, in order to screen out the best strains for new variety certification. The two-year new planting and one-year ratooning cane test results indicated that, variety ‘GT06-244’, ‘GT06-1721’, ‘GT07-994’, ‘LC05-136’ and ‘GT06-3283’ had good comprehensive characters. Their average cane yield increased by 20.20%, 10.59%, 8.94%, 3.15% and 1.60%, respectively, compared with that of ‘ROC22’ (the control), the average sucrose content increased by 0.16, 0.17, 0.46, 0.93 and 0.36 percentage points, respectively. Among that, ‘GT06-244’ showed had high yield, middle sucrose content, good stability and being very easily to disleave, and ‘GT06-1721’ had high yield, middle sucrose content, high resistance to disease and lodging. ‘GT07-994’ and ‘LC05-136’ had early maturing, high yield and sucrose content with good ratooning ability traits. ‘GT06-3283’ had middle yield and high sucrose content. The performance of all these strains accorded with the new sugarcane approval standard of Guangxi, and could be adopted for demonstration planting and popularization and application in suitable planting area in the future.

  Response Characteristic Between Drip Irrigation Cotton ABA Concentration and Field Capacity of 10 cm Soil Layer under Different Nitrogen Levels Zhang Jianxin,He Jiangyong and Gao Runhong 2016, 32 (6):  68-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080062 Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 1680KB )   ( 448 ) In order to reveal the water and fertilizer saving effect of drip irrigation cotton and provide technical parameters and theoretical basis, ‘Xinluzao No.42’ was used as experimental material, drip irrigation pot experiment was adopted, the response relationship between drip irrigation cotton ABA and field capacity of 10 cm soil layer was studied, the correlation and models were obtained under different nitrogen application levels during bud stage and boll stage. The results showed that ABA content was negatively correlated with field capacity of 10 cm soil layer under different treatments of pure nitrogen of 2, 4 and 6 g/pot during bud stage, the correlation coefficients (r) were -0.988, -0.894 and -0.980, respectively, their models were exponential function, logarithmic function and logarithmic function, respectively, the coefficients of fitting determination of the models (R2) were 0.954, 0.796 and 0.946, respectively. During boll stage, ABA content was negatively correlated with field capacity of 10 cm soil layer, and the correlation coefficients (r) were -0.781, -0.600 and 0.857, respectively, their models were quadratic function, quadratic function and logarithmic function, respectively, the coefficients of fitting determination of the models (R2) were 0.623, 0.911 and 0.965, respectively. Therefore, the fitting model functions properly described the response characteristics between drip irrigation cotton ABA and field capacity of 10 cm soil layer, and provided a new computing method and scientific basis for the estimation of water and fertilizer saving of drip irrigation cotton for oasis farming in inland arid region.

  Effects of Straw Turnover on Physical Properties of Coastal Saline Clay and Cotton Yield Zhang Yuwen,Mao Weibing,Liu Hongmin,Sun Yuxia,Jia Limei and Zheng Qiankun 2016, 32 (6):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120052 Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 1659KB )   ( 553 ) In order to determine the improving effect of straw turnover on physical properties of coastal saline clay, a field experiment was carried out in the coastal saline clay region in Yellow River Delta, four straw application amounts were set up, which were 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 t/hm2, the effects of straw turnover on soil bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil salt content and cotton yield were analyzed. The results showed that the soil bulk density declined and the porosity increased with the increase of straw amount in 0-20 cm soil layer; the proportion of aeration porosity of the three straw turnover treatments increased by 2.70%, 9.52% and 12.16% compared with that of CK(P<0.05); the saturated hydraulic conductivity increased by 56.28%, 100.93% and 161.4% respectively (P<0.01); and the soil salt content in 0-20 cm soil layer decreased by 28.08%, 50.75% and 40.71% respectively (P<0.01). The soil porosity situation and the ability of infiltration were improved obviously after straw turnover, soil salt accumulation in surface layer was restrained effectively, straw turnover played an important role in the improvement of the coastal saline clay, and could be an important way to improve saline soil. The application amount of straw should be concerned, 3.0 t/hm2 was the appropriate amount of straw turnover.

  Effect of Continuous Cropping on Sugar Beet Quality Lin Baisen,Zhang Fushun and Wu Yumei 2016, 32 (6):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110005 Abstract + ( 1312 )   PDF ( 483KB )   ( 468 ) In order to clarify the harm of continuous cropping on sugar beet, a comparison test of continuous cropping and raw stubble was carried out by using the monogerm seed and the polygerm seed in the field at the same time. The influence of continuous cropping on root quality and yield of sugar beet was studied. The results showed: (1) the average yield of the tested polygerm seed dropped 22429 kg/hm2 and that of the tested monogerm seed dropped 18354 kg/hm2; (2) the average sugar content of polygerm seed dropped 2.58 degree, and that of the monogerm seed dropped 1.36 degree; (3) evenly, K increased 0.37 mmol/100g, Na increased 3.31 mmol/100g and α-N increased 1.04 mmol/100g in the polygerm seed, and K increased 0.15 mmol /100g, Na increased 2.21 mmol/100g and α-N increased 0.39 mmol/100g in the monogerm seed; (4) the increased harmful substance content led to the decline of beet root quality in continuous cropping, and the increase of the sugar loss rate, 0.69 on average for the polygerm seed and 0.47 on average for the monogerm seed; extracted sugar decreased, 3.27 on average for the polygerm seed and 2.17 on average for the monogerm seed; sugar yield decreased, 4996 kg/hm2 for the polygerm seed and 3814 kg/hm2 for the monogerm seed; (5) leaf spot disease occurred earlier in continuous cropping than raw stubble, and the disease grade was 1-2 higher than that in raw stubble.

  Establishment of Rice Amylose and Protein Mutant Lines by Heavy Ion Irradiation Cheng Weimin,Liu Binmei,Ye Yafeng,Xu Zhuopin,Wang Qi,Liu Jing,Tao Liangzhi and Wu Yuejin 2016, 32 (6):  86-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090131 Abstract + ( 2410 )   PDF ( 912KB )   ( 572 ) Agronomic trait mutant library was established by the method of heavy ion irradiation of ‘Wuyunjing7’, amylose and protein mutant materials were screened and the correlation between grain quality and agronomic traits was analyzed. The results showed that the mutation range of amylose content was 11.50%-21.70% of 202 ‘Wuyunjing7’ mutants, 23 belonged to high amylose content mutants and 29 belonged to low amylose content mutants; the mutation range of protein content was 7.91%-13.97%, 29 high protein content mutants and 24 low protein content mutants were obtained. The results of correlation analysis showed that the protein content had a significantly negative correlation with grain number of per spike, plant height, setting rate, thousand kernel weight and panicle length, the correlation coefficient was -0.540, -0.593, -0.387, -0.581 and -0.563, respectively. A significantly positive correlation was found between the amylose content and the panicle length, and the correlation coefficient was 0.294. The principal component analysis showed that the 6 agronomic traits were integrated into 3 principal components, and the accumulative contribution rate reached 89.118%. The establishment of amylose and protein mutant lines could provide materials for the study of synthesis pathway of quality characters and gene regulation and quality breeding.

  Knock-out Vector Construction of Novel Blast Resistance Gene Pi39 Candidate Gene by CRISPR/Cas9 System Liu Zaoli,Chen Yahong,Wang Chuntai and Liu Xinqiong 2016, 32 (6):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100071 Abstract + ( 1473 )   PDF ( 1333KB )   ( 1061 ) Pi39 is a novel rice blast resistance gene located on rice chromosome 12. To clarify the resistant functions of Pi39, the knock-out vector of the candidate gene was constructed by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Based on the analysis of the candidate gene, the two targeted site sequences were synthesized and inserted into the entry vector pENTR-sgRNA that was recombined into the expression vector Cas9 later. Firstly, the two target sites with PAM sequence were selected in the candidate gene, and then the two small target fragments were cloned into pENTR-sgRNA vector in turn. The results of colony PCR and Sanger sequencing indicated that the little purpose fragments inserted correctly. After the recombination of the entry vector and the expression vector, the positive clones were verified by colony PCR and restriction enzyme digestion and further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Those results showed that the recombinant vector was successfully constructed. The knock-out vector was built of easy manipulation and time-saving by CRISPR/Cas9 system, which laid a foundation for further research on the function of Pi39 candidate gene.

  Establishment of TRAP-PCR Reaction System and Development Strategy of Primers for Beet Wu Zedong,Liu Naixin,Qin Haodong,Ni Hongtao and Ma Longbiao 2016, 32 (6):  96-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080024 Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 2393KB )   ( 465 ) With sugar beet as the material, the influence of concentration changes of the four factors of dNTPs, primer, template and DNA polymerase in the beet TRAP-PCR reaction system on the amplification results was discussed with single-factor experiment, and finally the optimal TRAP-PCR reaction system of sugar beet was established. The results showed that in the 20 μL reaction system, the beet TRAP-PCR optimal reaction system contained 2.0 μL of 10×PCR buffer (including Mg2 ), 10 ng of template DNA, 0.75 U of Taqase, respectively 0.8 μL of 10 μmol/L fixed primer and random primer, and 0.5 μL of dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L each). In addition, a method for rapid development of beet TRAP-PCR primer was proposed, 15 varieties of sugar beer were amplified with the optimized program. The results show that the system has stable amplification results, clear bans and abundant polymorphism of partial primer, and can be used for the construction of sugar beet variety fingerprint and research in other fields of molecular biology.

  Analysis of Flax Stem Microflora Community Diversity by Denaturant Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Zhou Xiaohang,Ge Jingping and Ping Wenxiang 2016, 32 (6):  102-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090066 Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 1088KB )   ( 488 ) Flax is an important economic crop in China. In order to improve the efficiency of retting, the authors used PCR-DGGE technique to study the flax stem microflora diversity, and optimized the best condition of this method. The results showed that, when PCR-DGGE was carried out using the gel recycling samples, the electrophoresis time was 200-220 min, modified gel gradient was 25%-55%, fixed time was about 12-15 min, dyeing time was 20 min, developing time was 5-10 min, the electrophoresis and separation results were good. The study clearly obtained the bacteria diversity in flax retting by optimizing the electrophoresis condition of DGGE. It could set a base for the use of PCR-DGGE to study the microflora community diversity of flax stem.

  GIS and L-THIA Based Change Analysis of Small Watershed Non-Point Pollution in Liaohe River Source Area Lv Chuan,Chen Minghui and Qi Lin 2016, 32 (6):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080102 Abstract + ( 1173 )   PDF ( 4232KB )   ( 456 ) Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the great causes of water quality deterioration. The authors chose the Liaohe River source area as the research objective and took the research of small watershed of Liaohe River as key task. The authors estimated the output load of non-point source pollution of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, COD and soluble phosphorus based on Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model and GIS spatial analysis technology with the land status and daily rainfall data. The results showed that the spatial distributions of unit grid pollution output load of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus were consistent, but the output loads of soluble phosphorus and COD were different. Regional agricultural non-point source pollution was mainly concentrated in farmland and idle land. The distribution influence of survey data was bigger when this region was arid, the contribution rates of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus were 82.57%, 80.02% and 92.92%. The effect of village and town land on soluble phosphorus pollution load distribution was the biggest and paddy field had obvious effect on COD output load. According to different pollution output loads and the current land use situation, based on the support of GIS spatial overlay and fusion technology, the research area could be divided into four non-point source pollution control areas, the results could offer scientific basis for non-point source pollution control.

  Mitigative Effect of Ree Fertilizer on Cadmium Stress of Tobacco Liu Lishan,Huang Chuyu,Huang Yunxiang,He Lixiang and Long Xiang 2016, 32 (6):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090113 Abstract + ( 1427 )   PDF ( 509KB )   ( 530 ) A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of ree fertilizer on growth and development of tobacco and its preventive effect on Cd uptake by adding exogenous Cd to soil. The results showed that Cd stress inhibited the growth and development of tobacco, decreased the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc, but promoted the uptake of copper. When the application amount of ree fertilizer was 0.4 g per kilogram soil (900 kg/hm2), the inhibition effect of Cd stress on the growth and development and nutrient absorption of tobacco were relieved, and Cd concentration in tobacco leaves decreased. When the Cd added concentration was 1.2 mg/kg, Cd concentration in middle-lower leaves decreased by 19.7% compared with that of CK. When the application amount of ree fertilizer was 0.4 g per kilogram soil (without adding exogenous Cd), the uptake of cadmium, zinc and copper decreased and the uptake of potassium increased, the contents of Cd in the upper and middle-lower leaves decreased by 23.4% and 7.84%, respectively, but the contents of potassium increased by 14.1% and 9.51%, respectively, compared with that of CK. The distribution of Cd in tobacco was middle-lower leaves＞upper leaves＞stalk.

  Effect of Sesbania cannabina Cultivation on Severe Salinity Soil Fertility Improvement Xie Wenjun,Wang Jishi,Jin Xiangxu,Zhang Yanpeng,Wu Lanfang and Ouyang Zhu 2016, 32 (6):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080103 Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 694KB )   ( 407 ) In order to study the effect of Sesbania cannabina cultivation on severe salinity soil fertility improvement, four treatments were designed: (1) Sesbania cannabina cultivation (T); (2) Sesbania cannabina cultivation and diammonium phosphate applied at the rate of 450 kg/hm2 (TA); (3) Sesbania cannabina cultivation and phosphogypsum applied at the rate of 2250 kg/hm2 (TG); (4) without Sesbania cannabina cultivation (CK). The results showed that phosphogypsum application could significantly promote the growth of Sesbania cannabina (P<0.05). Compared with that of T and TA treatment, the biomass of the aboveground part and underground part of TG treatment increased 14.24%, 24.77% and 8.32%, 12.39%, respectively, and the improving effect of diammonium phosphate application on Sesbania cannabina cultivation was not significant. Sesbania cannabina cultivation could significantly decrease soil salt content, bulk density, and significantly increase available nitrogen, available potassium, dissolved organic C (DOC), macro-aggregate content, mean weight diameter (MWD) and total porosity (P<0.05), the improving effect of TG was the best. The correlation analysis showed that soil salinity, Na concentration, DOC and organic matter content played an important role in the regulation of salinity soil structure. The improving methods included decreasing soil salinity and Na concentration, and increasing DOC and organic matter content. Sesbania cannabina cultivation with phosphogypsum application was an efficient method to improve the fertility of severe salinity soil.

  Development Status of International Remote Sensing in Natural Disaster Research Guo Xiaoning,Pei Huijuan,Wang Jinping and Chen Wenkai 2016, 32 (6):  124-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050168 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 2605KB )   ( 417 ) Remote sensing is an earth observation technology which rose in the 1960s, and has advanced by leaps and bounds in recent 20 years with the rapid development of computer and semiconductor laser. It is widely used in natural disaster research because of its generality, macroscopic property and intuition. Based on the SCIE and SSCI database, the authors analyzed the development characteristics and status of international remote sensing application in the natural disaster research. The results showed that the international remote sensing technology first applied in the field of natural disaster in 1974, and presented a steady growth trend, the publishing of research papers was accelerated significantly since 1999, and the research results were widely used in the field of natural disasters. The remote sensing technology is mainly applied in the fields of landslides, drought, climate change, earthquakes and other natural disasters, and the data processing method in remote sensing technology was the hotspot and difficult point in the application of remote sensing technology in natural disaster research. USA, France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Canada and Japan had greater advantages in this field, China and India had great advantages in literature quantity, but still needed substantial improvement in the research quality and academic influence.

  Influence of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies of North Pacific on Spring Forest Fire in Sichuan Province Gan Weiwei,Yang Shuqun,Ma Zhenfeng and Liu Bo 2016, 32 (6):  132-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090020 Abstract + ( 1274 )   PDF ( 5600KB )   ( 404 ) The paper aims to protect the ecological environment and forest resources, perfect the forest fire forecasting and warning operation in Sichuan Province. The temporal and spatial characteristics of forest fire in Sichuan and their relationship with the SST anomalies of North Pacific were analyzed, using the original data of forest fire from 1979-2012, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, and the sea surface temperature data from NOAA. The result showed that a close negative/positive correlation existed between the forest fire in the major disaster area (Liangshan Prefecture, Panzhihua City and Ganzi) and the early winter SST in the neighborhood of the North Equatorial Current Region (5°-25°, 165°E-140°W)/the North Pacific drift (25°-45°N, 165°E-140°W), respectively. A discriminate index for diagnosing and forecasting the spring forest fire was defined according to the correlation distribution characteristics. By analyzing the relationship between FI and 500 hPa height field in the northern hemisphere, the authors believed that the North Pacific SST abnormalities were likely to affect spring forest fire in major disaster area through the persistent influence on Eurasian high latitude circulation anomalies.

  Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Hail and Evaluation of Hail Weather Process in Jilin Province 2016, 32 (6):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090063 Abstract + ( 1271 )   PDF ( 1427KB )   ( 460 ) Utilizing hail day records and hail disaster data of 50 meteorological stations in Jilin Province from 1951 to 2013, spatial-temporal characteristics of hail were analyzed. By using grey correlation degree, percentile and normal distribution, the hail weather process index, evaluation level indicator and climate return period indicator were established. The results showed that the hail occurrence in Jilin Province was more from 1957 to 1986, and less during 1951-1956 and 1987-2013. Hail usually happened in late spring or early summer and it occurred from afternoon to sunset but less at night. The spatial distribution showed that: the hail occurred more in the south-central region of Jilin Province, but less in the east and west of Jilin Province. The time changing law of the hail process was similar to the hail occurrence regularity. The hail weather process could be evaluated not only with orders, grades and climate return period, but also with continuous days, coverage, duration and the maximum hail diameter. These methods, which had strong maneuverability and could realize the purpose of hail rapid assessment in actual business from multiple perspectives, could be used to improve the emergency response to hail weather process and enhance the service ability.

  Electric Field Distortion Region Around Buildings in Thunderstorm Zhang Qian,Chai Jian and Huang Kejian 2016, 32 (6):  145-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090080 Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 2929KB )   ( 398 ) In order to investigate the change law of electric field distortion region around buildings in thunderstorm, the effect of thunder cloud and building structure on the electric field distortion region around the buildings was simulated by IES (electromagnetic transient simulation software). The results showed that lightning stroke probability could be reduced for group buildings in thunderstorm, because of the shield effect which changed the degree of electric field distortion around the buildings, and reduced the probability of upward leader and lightning stroke in thunderstorm. For single building, the area of electric field distortion was a hemisphere and there was a linear correlation between the degree of electric field distortion and the height of the building. The higher the building was, the greater the distortion region would be. That could lead to a greater extended region of the front discharge, and the probability of upward leader could also be increased, which was the reason for higher objects to be easily stroked by lightning.

  Analysis of Climate Suitability for Summer Maize in Langfang Region Liu Xiaoying,Zhou Peng,Yan Lixia,Qin Yunmiao and Guo Shujing 2016, 32 (6):  151-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080018 Abstract + ( 1018 )   PDF ( 6956KB )   ( 371 ) The paper aims to study the adaptability of summer maize to climate change in Langfang Region. The authors calculated and analyzed the climate suitability degree of temperature, precipitation and sunshine at each growth stage and the whole growth period of summer maize. The results indicated that the suitability degree of temperature was the highest, then was that of sunshine, and the suitability of precipitation was the lowest in each growth stage and the whole growth period of summer maize. The temperature suitability degree increased slightly, but the sunshine suitability degree went down in the whole growth period with year. The precipitation suitability degree decreased except in 7-leaf to jointing stage and milky to mature stage, and the inter-annual fluctuation was great. The climate suitability degree was mainly influenced by precipitation, so the tendency was consistent with the precipitation suitability degree. In Langfang Region, temperature was suitable for summer maize growth, however, rainfall was the main factor which affected the yield.

  Literature Analysis of China’s Urban Agriculture Development Hua Jinzhu,Shi Yajun,Chen Zebin,Liu Jiani,Huang Yinghui,Yao Liyuan,Zhang Yuyu and Hu Jingxiang 2016, 32 (6):  160-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100051 Abstract + ( 1266 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 527 ) The paper aims to investigate the researchers, study fields, research departments and research levels of urban agriculture by statistic analysis, and clarify the hotspots of urban agriculture research from 1989 to 2014. In this study, we retrieved CNKI database by bibliometric method and found more than 40 study fields of urban agriculture in recent 25 years. There were 2502 papers which were published on 40 kinds of journals and 2082 papers belonged to social science. The researchers on this subject mainly came from universities, institutes, and government and functional departments. From this study, we would like to get a comprehensive understanding of China’s urban agriculture research and to provide references for further study on urban agriculture.

  Design and Implementation of the Operation Program Management System of Artificial Climate Chamber Cluster Liu Xian,Lin Yingzhi,Li Chuanhui,Zheng Huiyong and Liu Bo 2016, 32 (6):  171-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100131 Abstract + ( 893 )   PDF ( 2707KB )   ( 494 ) To meet the need of open management of the solar-illuminated artificial climate chamber cluster which consists of 30 units, an operational program database management system was developed to achieve the operation program management and user management. The plan management included the function of edit, store and recall, and the authority management fulfilled the user, password and license management. The main program of the system, which relied on a cheap but stable Raspberry Pi micro-computer, was programed with Perl language and connected with the original system by MODBUS/TCP protocol, and could provide WEB service via HTTP protocol. The system is stable after being put into use.

  Investigation and Forecast of Main Diseases and Insect Pests of Jujube in Hilly Region of Loess Plateau Bai Qinfeng,Wang Jinghong and Zhang Yong 2016, 32 (6):  176-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080110 Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 564KB )   ( 453 ) In this paper, the main diseases and insect pests of jujube in hilly region of loess plateau in recent years were investigated. The meteorological conditions for the epidemic outbreak of 5 kinds of jujube’s diseases and insect pests in this region were summarized. The climate prediction models of jujube rust and jujube Carposina niponensis were established. The authors used the meteorological observation data of Jiaxian in nearly 34 years to test the models. The results showed that the occurrence probabilities of different levels of diseases and insect pests as indicated by the two prediction models were consistent with the actual situation; the numerical value distribution of typical disaster years coincided with the actual degree of the disaster. The two models can be used to predict the outbreak of two major diseases and insect pests in the loess plateau, and provide reference for the timely deployment and implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation.

  Regionalization and Epidemic Regularity of Rice Blast in Nanchong City Peng Changjia,Bai Tikun,Ding Pan,Feng Libin,Guo Jianquan,Yang Yuheng,Yin Huaizhong,Long Weiguo,Wen Xu,Xiao Li,Cui Demin,Gou Jianhua,Li Hongtao,He Haiyan and Zheng Yan 2016, 32 (6):  182-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090025 Abstract + ( 944 )   PDF ( 2789KB )   ( 356 ) In order to improve the level of monitoring, early warning and comprehensive control of rice blast in Nanchong City, and reduce the harm of rice blast, the methods of GPS and GIS location, systematical monitoring and survey, rice blast resistance variety identification, physiologic variety monitoring and weather data analysis were adopted to study the regionalization, accurate boundary settlement and occurrence and epidemic regularity of the disease. In this study, regionalization and boundary settlement were analyzed for the first time, the primary infection location, occurrence characteristics, trends and characteristics of the disease were verified. There were four epidemic peak periods and the damage areas of the first peak period played a decisive role, the accumulated occurrence area at the end of May was positively correlated with the year occurrence area, and the correlation coefficient was 0.8172. A prediction model of occurrence area based on the disease field rate at the end of boot stage and the disease plant rate at dough stage was established. Through investigation of the causes of blast disease in Nanchong in recent years, the authors found that the internal causes were the decrease or lose of rice blast resistance, the increase of high pathogenicity physiological race and the appearing of stronger pathogenicity physiological race, the external causes were suitable temperature and more overcast and rain and less sunlight. During 2010 to 2015, the short-term forecast accuracy for rice blast in Nanchong was up to 100%, medium-term and long-term forecast accuracy were also up to 98% and 95%, respectively, which increased by 5-15 percentage points compared with that before 1997, thus increased the control effect of rice blast in Nanchong by15%-30%.

  Enhancing Effect of Alternative Oxidase on Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to Carbendazim Liang Wusheng,Xu Ting,Yao Fei,Li Yonghong and Wang Zhengyi 2016, 32 (6):  193-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090138 Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 1878KB )   ( 524 ) In order to study whether alternative oxidase is involved in sensitivity regulation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to carbendazim, the influences of this fungicide on mycelial growth, respiration and alternative oxidase encoding gene (aox) expression of S. sclerotiorum were determined. It was found that the inhibition of alternative oxidase alleviated the inhibitory effect of carbendazim on the fungal mycelial growth, indicating that alternative oxidase could increase the sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to carbendazim. Carbendazim showed no immediate impact on the activities of both cytochrome respiratory pathway and alternative respiratory pathway of S. sclerotiorum mycelia. Pre-treatment for 24 h with carbendazim did not affect the transcript level of aox gene of S. sclerotiorum. However, such pre-treatment obviously induced the alternative respiratory pathway activity of S. sclerotiorum mycelia. The results are helpful for deep understanding of the regulation mechanism of fungicidal activity of carbendazim. Furthermore, they suggest that inducers or activators of alternative oxidase should be applied to acquiring a better controlling effect of carbendazim on S. sclerotiorum in agricultural activities.

  Identification and Antimicrobial Broad-spectrum Analysis of a Biocontrol Bacteria Strain GB58 Lu Yusheng,Gu Wenjie,Jiang Ruiping,Sun Lili,Xu Peizhi,Tan Zhiyuan,Xie Kaizhi,Li Wenying and Li Xia 2016, 32 (6):  198-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100004 Abstract + ( 979 )   PDF ( 1766KB )   ( 666 ) This article presented the identification and antimicrobial broad-spectrum analysis of the biocontrol bacteria strain GB58 obtained in rice soil of Guangdong Province, which could inhibit plant pathogens, and aimed to clarify its potential application value. The antibacterial broad-spectrum of GB58 was determined by the plate confrontation method, and the bacterial strain was identified by morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular biology methods which were the reference for bacteria system identification. The antimicrobial broad-spectrum result showed that GB58 had better antagonism to twelve plant fungal diseases and one plant bacterial disease. In the meantime, common bacterial identification test showed that GB58 was bacillus and the carbon utilization analysis showed that GB58 could utilize 46 kinds of carbon sources and was able to tolerate acid and salt. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis through 16S rRNA and gyrA sequence concluded that GB58 was bacillus amyloliquefaciens. All the results suggested that GB58 was a biocontrol bacteria strain with wide antibacterial range and high nutrition competitive ability, which had the ability of reproduction and metabolism that enabled it to adapt to southern China’s acid-soil-dominant environment.