Current issue

• 2022 Vol.38 No.26 Published:15 September 2022

  Growth and Physiological Response of Cyperus esculentus L. to Natural Saline-alkali Stress LIANG Peixin, TANG Rong, GUO Chenli, GUO Rui, HE Huangcheng, WANG Tengfei, LIU Jianguo 2022, 38 (26):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0862 Abstract + ( 373 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1435KB )   ( 49 ) The study aims to explore the growth and physiological response of Cyperus esculentus under different concentrations of natural saline-alkali stress, and reveal the saline-alkali tolerance mechanism and ability of C. esculentus. In this experiment, ‘Zhongyousha No.1’ was used as the test material, physiological metabolic indexes, such as growth and development, osmotic regulation substances, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protective enzyme activities of C. esculentus, were observed by collecting and mixing natural saline-alkali soil and farmland soil at the ratio of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. The results showed that with the increase of saline-alkali stress intensity, chlorophyll synthesis was blocked, plant height, tiller number, bean number, total grain weight and biomass decreased significantly. The content of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and malondialdehyde all showed an increasing trend, and increased significantly under 75% saline-alkali soil ratio. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased first, reached the maximum under 50% saline-alkali soil ratio and then decreased. The growth of C. esculentus was inhibited under natural saline-alkali stress, and seedling emergence stage and tillering stage were significantly delayed. With the rise of saline-alkali stress degree, cell membrane lipid peroxidation increased gradually, but C. esculentus could alleviate the salt stress by increasing SOD activity in the plant. At the same time, C. esculentus under saline-alkali stress could adjust the accumulation of proline and soluble sugar to enhance water absorbing capacity of plants from the environment, so as to improve the adaptability of plants to saline-alkali stress.

  CRISPER/Cas9 System in Plant Genome Modification and Crop Genetics and Breeding: Research Progress QUAN Ying, ZHANG Xiaojuan, ZHAO Hui, SUN Xiaomin, MA Xiuqi 2022, 38 (26):  9-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0757 Abstract + ( 286 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 69 ) The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a simple and efficient targeted gene editing technology, which has important application value in plant genetic improvement and crop genetics and breeding. This research mainly introduced the principle and construction method of CRISPR/Cas9, discussed the application and research progress of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant gene function and gene expression regulation, plant genome site-specific editing and crop molecular breeding in recent years. We analyzed the main influencing factors and the optimizing methods of this gene editing technology, as well as problems in its application and the solutions to the problems, and discussed the future development direction of the technology, thus providing reference for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant genome editing and crop genetics and breeding.

  The Field Application Effect of a Compound Microbial Agent on Sweet and Crisp Pea DING Xueshuang, ZHU Hongqing, DING Yingfeng, YAO Qiaomin, ZHANG Qingqing, YAO Chunxin, ZHOU Xiaogang, YANG Jiazhen, DING Yumei, CHEN Jia 2022, 38 (26):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1138 Abstract + ( 271 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1273KB )   ( 57 ) In order to investigate the application effect of compound microbial agent 615 on sweet and crisp pea cultivation, the sweet and crisp pea variety ‘Changshouren’ was used as material, the effects of four fertilization treatments (i. e. no fertilizer as control, single application of compound microbial agent 615, single application of chemical fertilizer, combined application of chemical fertilizer and compound microbial agent 615) on the main agronomic traits, yield and quality, rhizosphere soil microbial communities of sweet and crisp pea were studied. The results showed that: the pod bearing rate of sweet and crisp pea in all fertilization treatments were significantly increased by 7.90%-12.49%, and the disease incidence rate was reduced by 10.83% in the treatment of single application of compound microbial agent 615. In all fertilization treatments, the average plot yield was significantly raised by 10.75%-19.82%, among them, the combined application of chemical fertilizer and compound microbial agent 615 had the biggest increase of 19.82%. The content of total sugar, protein and starch in fresh seeds under the single application of compound microbial agent 615 was increased by 50.00%, 9.24% and 59.37%, respectively (p<0.05); and the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil at anthesis reached 1.93 times, 2.38 times and 2.36 times of those at seedling stage. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and compound microbial agent 615 improved the content of sugar and starch(p<0.05). Considering the integrated ecological and economic benefits, it is recommended that the combined application of chemical fertilizer and compound microbial agent 615 should be conducted in planting sweet and crisp pea under field condition.

  Research Progress on Endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis YOU Mengyao, WAN Lu, YAN Jiajia, ZHANG He, ZHENG Chunying 2022, 38 (26):  20-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0789 Abstract + ( 302 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1551KB )   ( 50 ) Endophytes isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis have the potential to produce the same, similar or new active metabolites as the host plants. Secondary metabolites of Glycyrrhiza uralensis produced by fermentation with endophytes are not only important for sustainable utilization of Glycyrrhiza uralensis resources but also significant for screening new metabolites. In the past several decades, although the diversity, isolation and identification, pharmacological action, secondary metabolites and other aspects of endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis have been studied and some achievements have been obtained, it is far from meeting the needs of production. As a microbial resource, endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis are an important source of natural products. The study reviewed the research on endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and their metabolites, and summarized that endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis could produce liquiritin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin and other secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, according to the problems in the research on secondary metabolites of endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, the study discussed the prospect and provided certain reference for the rational utilization of endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

  Effects of Different Light Radiation Intensities on Photosynthesis of Three Vine Plants ZHU Wenjie, ZHENG Mingjie, KANG Yuguo 2022, 38 (26):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0742 Abstract + ( 265 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1330KB )   ( 35 ) It is of great significance to study the responses of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration of plants to photosynthetic active radiation, to evaluate the utilization efficiency of light energy and water and the plant growth under different light conditions. In the present study, three vine plants (Vinca major, Passiflora caerulea and Campsis grandiflora) were used to measure their gas exchange and chlorophyll content under different light levels. The photosynthetic parameters were estimated according to non-rectangular hyperbola model. The results showed that: the light saturated point and the maximum net photosynthetic rate of P. caerulea were 1850 μmol CO2/( m2·s) and 10.9 μmol CO2/(m2·s), respectively, significantly higher than those of V. major and C. grandiflora. V. major was strongly resistant to weak light with a lower light saturation point of 580 μmol CO2/( m2·s), significantly lower than that of the other two plants. There was no significant difference in apparent quantum yield among the three plants, indicating they had similar ability to use weak light. The chlorophyll content of V. major was significantly higher than that of P. caerulea, but P. caerulea had a higher ratio of chlorophyll a/b than V. major. P. caerulea had a wide range of light adaptation and stronger utilization of low and high light. Therefore, the photosynthetic capacity of P. caerulea is higher than that of V. major and C. grandiflora.

  Tea Cultivars from the Hilly Areas of Jiangsu Province: Suitability for Black Tea Processing MA Shengzhou, ZHAO Fei, HU Ying, YUAN Xingxing, YANG Yiyang 2022, 38 (26):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.cabs2021-0842 Abstract + ( 233 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1258KB )   ( 35 ) Ten tea cultivars from the hilly areas of Jiangsu Province were selected to study their processing suitability for Congou black tea based on the comparative analysis of the physical properties, processing properties, quality components and sensory quality of fresh leaf raw materials and finished black tea. The results show that the (TF+TR)/TB value of ‘Fuding-dabai’, ‘Fuding-dahao’, ‘Jinguanyin’, ‘Longjing43’ and ‘Baiye No.1’ are higher than 1.05, and their tea soup aroma, taste and brightness are satisfactory. ‘Zhenong 113’ and ‘Chuyeqi’ have aesthetic appearance and moderate inner qualities, which are suitable for making Congou black tea. However, ‘Wuniuzao’, ‘Longjingchangye’ and ‘the small leaf population varieties of tea population cultivar’ are unsuitable for producing Congou black tea because of poor fermentation performance and incongruity of quality components. Among the tea cultivars suitable for Congou tea processing, ‘Jinguanyin’ is of charming aroma but rather unsatisfied appearance quality, and ‘Baiye No. 1’ is of fresh and sweet soup but slower fermentation process. These two cultivars have distinctive characteristics, and are suitable for the further development of characteristic Congou black tea.

  Sphaeropteris lepifera: The Original Habitat Survey and Protection Suggestions HU Qingdi, ZHENG Jian, LI Qizuo, WEI Junyan, BAI Yu, QIAN Renjuan 2022, 38 (26):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0997 Abstract + ( 195 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1228KB )   ( 33 ) In order to understand the population status and suitable habitat types of Sphaeropteris lepifera, a rare and endangered plant, this study conducted field investigation and analysis on the distribution areas of S. lepifera in Zhejiang and Fujian, hoping to provide reference for the original habitat protection and field regression of S. lepifera. We analyzed the vegetation types of S. lepifera distribution area, evaluated the distribution status, summarized the existing problems, and proposed protection suggestions after extensively collecting the relevant investigation and research data of S. lepifera, consulting with experts and scholars, and conducting field visits and surveys. The results show that the change of living environment and the destruction caused by human activities are the main reasons for the decrease of S. lepifera in the wild. It is necessary to strengthen the research on the original habitat protection, artificial breeding of seedlings, field regression and endangerment mechanism investigation to increase the number of seedlings and establish ex-situ conservation population of S. lepifera, thus promoting the restoration of its wild population and habitat and protect its germplasm resource.

  Comparative Study on Fruit Quality of Different Varieties of Lonicera caerulea ZHOU Lin, LI Mengsha, WANG Hua, SHEN Guang, LV Pin, ZHOU Liping 2022, 38 (26):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1132 Abstract + ( 1012 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1380KB )   ( 32 ) By studying the differences of fruit quality among different Lonicera caerulea varieties, we determined the development and utilization directions of Lonicera caerulea, aiming at providing a scientific basis for variety screening. Fruit quality traits of five varieties (‘Lanjingling’, ‘L32’, ‘Beilei’, ‘L54’ and ‘L63’) were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated, including fruit size, soluble solid content, mineral elements content, and active substances content. The results showed that, among the five Lonicera caerulea varieties, the mean fruit weight of ‘Lanjingling’ was the highest, significantly higher than that of ‘L32’, ‘Beilei’ and ‘L54’; and its comprehensive sensory evaluation was the best. The three varieties of L series had larger fruits, bitter flavor and the lowest sensory scores. However, except iron element, the contents of other mineral elements of L series varieties were significantly higher than those of ‘Lanjingling’ and ‘Beilei’. Fruit index and fruit longitudinal diameter of ‘Beilei’ were significantly lower than those of the other four varieties, but its soluble solid content and active substance content were significantly higher. The flavor of ‘Beilei’ was also the best, and its taste and sensory score were only inferior to those of ‘Lanjingling’. Among the five varieties, ‘Lanjingling’ is fit for fresh-eating due to its big fruit size and good taste. ‘Beilei’ is fit for fresh-eating and processing because of its good flavor, and high contents of mineral elements and active substances. L series varieties are fit for developing mineral beverage for their high mineral element contents.

  Migration and Distribution Characteristics of Available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Rice Terrace Soil YANG Min, CHEN Xiuhu, PI Xiaojuan, GUO Feng, CHEN Xinmiao, HU Jiewen 2022, 38 (26):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0302 Abstract + ( 240 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1555KB )   ( 34 ) To provide a basis for the realization of precision formula fertilization, the migration and distribution of available components of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice terraces were studied. Ten villagers’ groups with rice terraces in Baishi Village were selected. Each villagers’ group was a sampling area. According to the water flow path, the terraces in each sampling area were divided into six layers. Five soil samples were collected in each layer by serpentine distribution method. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were measured respectively, and the functional relationship with the terraces was established to study the horizontal migration and distribution. The results showed that the average content of main nutrients in Baishi Village soil were alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 103.3±13.67 mg/kg, available phosphorus 42.84±5.42 mg/kg, available potassium 95.25±13.91 mg/kg, and the nutritional grade was above average. Alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium migrated from upper terrace to lower terrace, and there was a significantly exponential regression trend. The average correlation coefficient was 0.9719 and 0.9885 respectively. The nitrogen content in low-lying land was high. The vertical migration of available phosphorus was not obvious, but its content was negatively correlated with the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and the fitting degree was 72.72%. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium in rice terraces in Baishi Village migrated from the upper layer to the lower layer with the water flow, and had an obvious exponential regression trend. The migration of available phosphorus was not obvious with the flow, but the distribution was relatively stable and tended to be enriched.

  Effects of Tobacco-Rice Continuous Cropping on Distribution and Stability of Soil Aggregates in Red Paddy Soil LU Feng, LIAO Chaolin, XIAO Zhipeng, SHI Gang, XIANG Penghua, YU Baocheng, SHAN Xuehua, XIA Fan 2022, 38 (26):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0881 Abstract + ( 207 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1511KB )   ( 30 ) Red paddy soil is facing quality problems such as soil structure degradation, soil nutrient imbalance and acidification, which have impeded the growth of agricultural production and farmers’ income. In this paper, we sampled tobacco planting soil from the red soil hilly region in southern China, to explore the effects of tobacco-rice continuous cropping (YDLZ) on soil aggregates’ distribution, aggregates’ stability as well as the key influencing factors, based on the means of spatial-temporal substitution, correlation analysis and redundancy analysis. The results showed that the content of >5 mm soil aggregates, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates decreased after YDLZ in red paddy soil, but the content of <0.25 mm soil aggregates and the aggregate fractal dimension (D) increased significantly; therefore, the stability of soil aggregates decreased. Meanwhile, the greatest influence was found on the distribution and stability of soil aggregates under the YDLZ years from 5 to 10 (YDLZ5-10). Correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the contents of soil organic matter and clay were the key indexes that induced the variation of the soil aggregates distribution; and the content of >5 mm and <0.25 mm soil aggregates were the key indexes that caused the variation of the soil aggregates’ stability. The change of organic matter and clay content in red paddy soil caused by continuous cropping of tobacco and rice mainly resulted in the decrease of >5 mm aggregates’ content and the increase of <0.25 mm aggregates’ content, which could reduce soil aggregate stability. Therefore, for the cultivation of soil structure and soil quality in red paddy soil of YDLZ, it is necessary to pay attention to the content variation of soil organic matter and clay.

  Effects of N, P and K Fertilizers on Yield Related Traits and Economic Benefits of Confectionary Sunflower BAI Wei, HU Yang, LI Feng, ZHANG Baoying, CUI Jinli, YANG Sumei 2022, 38 (26):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0796 Abstract + ( 184 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1410KB )   ( 33 ) To study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the yield and yield related traits of confectionary sunflower, and to find the balance between the optimal fertilizer application rate and economic benefits, the 3414 design was used for 3 years to establish the effect functions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the yield and related traits. The results showed that the effect order of the three fertilizers on sunflower yield was potassium > nitrogen > phosphorus. The effect order on 100-seed weight and single disk seed weight was potassium > phosphorus > nitrogen. All the single-factor effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield, 100-seed weight and single disk seed weight showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. Among the interaction effects of two factors, phosphorus-potassium interaction produced the highest yield. Fertilizer combination for the highest yield was nitrogen 61.5 kg/hm2, phosphorus 35.0 kg/hm2 and potassium 50.1 kg/hm2, the yield was 2309.0 kg/hm2, and the ratio of production to investment was 13.8. The fertilizer combination for the most economic yield was nitrogen 57.5 kg/hm2, phosphorus 34.9 kg/hm2, potassium 47.9 kg/hm2, the yield was 2307.8 kg/hm2, and the ratio of production to investment was 14.3. The most economic yield is with less fertilizer, low fertilizer cost, low output value, high income, and high production to investment ratio.

  Characteristics of Soil Nitrogen Components of Original Tilia Pinus Koraiensis Forest and Secondary Poplar-Birch Forest in Lesser Khingan Mountains DIAO Yunfei, ZHANG Su, CONG Xidong, DU Qian, WANG Qiyao, LIU Xue 2022, 38 (26):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0868 Abstract + ( 243 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 23 ) To evaluate the effects of the different forests on soil nitrogen pool, the study was conducted to detect the characteristics of soil nitrogen components of Tilia Pinus Koraiensis forest in different periods and secondary poplar-birch forest in Lesser Khingan Mountains. Tilia Pinus Koraiensis forest in different periods and secondary poplar-birch forest were taken as the study objects, and soil samples were analyzed for the physical and chemical properties including soil bulk density, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, nitric nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and etc. The results showed that the content of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen all decreased with the deepening of the soil layer. In the same soil layer of different forest types, soil total nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen content between mature forest and young forest of Tilia Pinus Koraiensis were significantly different (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between Tilia Pinus Koraiensis forest in the two periods and secondary poplar-birch forest. Total soil nitrogen had extremely and significantly positive correlation with ammonium nitrogen and porosity (P<0.01), and significant correlation with total organic carbon and available nitrogen (P<0.05). Soil nitrate nitrogen had extremely and significantly positive correlation with available nitrogen and porosity (P<0.01), significant correlation with the present stocking amount of litter (P<0.05), but extremely and significantly negative correlation with moisture content (P<0.01). Ammonium nitrogen had extremely and significantly positive correlation with total nitrogen and porosity (P<0.01). Available nitrogen had extremely and significantly positive correlation with porosity (P<0.01), significantly positive correlation with total nitrogen (P<0.05), but no correlation with other indicators. Among different nitrogen components, available nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were the dominant types, which had more significant effects on soil organic carbon and forest growth. The contribution of the ground litter to carbon and nitrogen was usually delayed for some reasons, and the differences of soil nitrogen components of the three forest types were the result of the combined effects of many factors such as soil physical and chemical properties, forest litter, soil environment and so on.

  The Effects of Microorganisms in Aerobic Composting of Crop Straw: Research Progress NIE Xiaoyu, YU Chunjing, LU Qian, CUI Jizhe 2022, 38 (26):  76-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0111 Abstract + ( 318 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1228KB )   ( 53 ) In order to deeply understand the straw aerobic composting technology and further explore the related mechanism of microbial degradation of straw, and to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of straw resources, this study summarized the aerobic composting degradation process of crop straw and its influencing factors, and summed up three types of crop-straw degrading bacteria and the community succession characteristics of bacteria in the composting process. The degradation effect of the external inoculants with high enzymatic activity in the process of straw composting was analyzed. On this basis, the authors believed that although there were many factors affecting the composting process, aerobic composting of crop straw still had broad application prospects. In addition, current research on the degradation and mechanism of key microorganisms in the composting process is still limited. In future research work on aerobic composting of straw, the research on the functional microbial degradation mechanism of straw composting should be enhanced.

  Characteristics of Land Use Changes and Ecosystem Service Value in Songnen Plain: A Case Study of Harbin HAN Wei, XU Shan 2022, 38 (26):  82-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0971 Abstract + ( 184 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1393KB )   ( 28 ) The study of land use change and ecosystem service value (ESV) is of great significance to the sustainable development and utilization of land resources. Taking Harbin as the study area, the characteristics of land use changes were analyzed by using the comprehensive evaluation and sensitivity analysis method of ecosystem service value based on equivalent factor. By improving and adjusting the unit area corresponding to different land use types and the service value and coefficient table of ecosystem in Harbin, this paper made a comprehensive, systematic and in-depth analysis on the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of ecosystem service value in Harbin from 2005 to 2020. The results showed that (1) from 2005 to 2020, the area of cropland and construction land increased slightly, while the area of forest land decreased gradually; the changes of the other three land use types were relatively small; (2) the overall ESV of Harbin showed a downward trend, forest, cropland and water area were the main contributors to the value of ecosystem services in Harbin, and the ecological service value of Harbin was mainly reflected in water conservation, soil protection and waste treatment. Therefore, when formulating the land use plan for the study area, it is necessary to focus on protecting the land use types with higher ecosystem service value coefficient, such as forest, cropland and water area, and carry out more scientific and rational planning, so as to realize the sustainable development of the land use types in each region in Harbin.

  Monitoring Forest Insect Pests by Different Remote Sensing Sensors: Research Progress and Prospect MA Lei, HUANG Xiaojun, GANBAT Dashzebegd, MUNGUNKHUYAG Ariunaad, TSAGAANTSOOJ Nanzadd, ALTANCHIMEG Dorjsuren, BAO Gang, TONG Siqin, BAO Yuhai, ENKHNASAN Davaadorj 2022, 38 (26):  91-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0872 Abstract + ( 313 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1114KB )   ( 55 ) As an important part of the global ecosystem, forests account for about a quarter of the world’s land area. In recent years, pests have caused a large number of forest deaths, and the ecological security has been damaged. Thus, it is urgent to explore a simple and efficient forest pest monitoring method. Referring to the research of domestic and foreign scholars and relevant books, this paper analyzes and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of multispectral, hyperspectral and microwave remote sensing sensors in forest pest monitoring. It is found that the spatial resolution of multispectral remote sensing is high, but the spectral resolution is poor, making it difficult to perceive subtle changes in the forest. Instead, the hyperspectral remote sensing has high spectral resolution, but its spatial resolution is low and the data is large and difficult to calculate. Lastly, the microwave remote sensing has strong penetration, it is able to monitor throughout the day, and is not susceptible to weather. However, its spatial resolution is low and it is difficult to obtain forest spectral information. In the future, the ability of pest differentiation, the ability of early monitoring, and the construction of forest pest remote sensing monitoring system based on multi-source data should be improved. This paper provides a new idea for remote sensing of forest pests.

  Improving New Plant Variety Protection System in China MIAO Zongchong 2022, 38 (26):  100-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0851 Abstract + ( 193 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1056KB )   ( 67 ) The new plant variety right is an important intellectual property particularly to seed field, which is of great significance to protect the interests of breeders and promote innovation in seed market. In current judicial practice, problems such as the low legislative level of new plant variety protection, serious homogenization of plant varieties in seed market, and the difficulty for breeders to protect rights are becoming more and more prominent. How to improve the protection system of new plant variety in China has become the key to effectively resolving disputes over the protection of new plant variety. By analyzing problems and their causes of the protection system of plant variety at this stage and drawing on the experience of relevant regulations of new plant variety protection system in the United States and Japan, the study aims to explore the protection mode of new plant variety in line with China’s national conditions and the status quo of agricultural development, so as to promote the construction of a major agricultural country and improve international competitiveness.

  Feeding Value of Summer-pruning Twigs of Fruit Mulberry ZUO Yanchun, WANG Honglin, YAN Xu, ZHOU Xiaokang, XIAO Lian, KOU Jing, CHEN Yi’an, DU Zhouhe 2022, 38 (26):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0787 Abstract + ( 188 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1282KB )   ( 34 ) This study aims to clarify the feasibility of using summer-pruning twigs of fruit mulberry as feed by analyzing feeding value of the one-year-old twigs. The most popular mulberry varieties for fruit production, ‘Yuesheng 10’ (Y10) and ‘Jialing 30’ (J30), were harvested by pruning the fruit-bearing branch in summer. Fresh biomass, dry biomass, and nutritional quality of the one-year-old twigs were analyzed. The feeding value was compared with other conventional by-products. The results showed that the fresh biomass of one-year-old twigs of Y10 and J30 were 19798kg/hm2 and 15820kg/hm2, respectively. There was significant difference between the two varieties (P<0.05). The leaves had the highest contribution to the yield, and the leaf-to-stem ratios expressed on a dry weight basis were 4.03(Y10) and 6.51(J30), respectively. The amino acid composition of the mulberry leaves was comprehensive and rich, and the two varieties contained 16 kinds of amino acids in an amount from 11.00% to 12.90%. The crude protein (13.77%-15.83%), crude fat (2.21%-2.30%), crude ash (9.32%-10.84%), neutral detergent fiber (21.96%-22.66%), and acid detergent fiber (10.76%-11.69%) of the one-year-old twigs of the two fruit mulberry varieties were better than those of their stems and slightly inferior to those of their leaves. The range of dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and relative feed value were 5.30%-5.46%BW, 79.79%-80.51%DM, and 327.82-340.76 in the one-year-old twigs from the two fruit mulberry varieties, respectively. Compared with conventional by-products, such as rice straw, sweet potato vine, peanut straw and bagasse, fruit mulberry twigs have better nutritional value and relative feeding value. The summer-pruning twigs are by-products of fruit mulberry and have high biomass, comprehensive nutrition, good quality and high relative feeding value, which can be developed and utilized as unconventional high-protein feed for livestock and poultry.

  The Enhancement of Stress Resistance of Tea Plants by Herb Extract and Plant Essential Oil LI Ronglin, TANG Jun, AI Zeyi, MU Bing, YANG Yiyang, CHEN Zhengtao, SHI Haihua 2022, 38 (26):  111-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0898 Abstract + ( 210 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1434KB )   ( 23 ) To understand the influence of herb extract and plant essential oil on the stress resistance of tea plant and to develop environment-friendly technology to improve tea plant resistance to various stresses, in this study, herb ethanol extracts (from the fresh shoots of rosemary, perilla and mint ) and biotic plant essential oil (methyl salicylate oil and methyl dihydrojasmonate) were made into 0.1% water solution which was used as external treatment agent to be sprayed on tea plants (7500 L/hm2 for each treatment, twice continuously) in early December. The results showed that after treatment, the content of amino acids in tea leaves was increased by 27.8%-55.6% and the content of polyphenols was increased by 3.93%-24.2%. The relative content of dialdehyde in tea leaves, except those treated by mint extract, was decreased by 9.2%-32.8%. The enzyme activity analysis showed that the polyphenol oxidase activity of tea leaves was increased by 1.89-4.35 times, the lipoxygenase activity was increased by 1.41-2.58 times, and the superoxide dismutase activity was increased by 1.98-15.7 times, respectively. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity was decreased except the treatment by rosemary and perilla extract. The expression of CsOPB3 in tea leaves, a key gene of jasmonic acid signal pathway, was significantly up-regulated after treatment with dihydrojasmonate, rosemary and perilla extract, but down-regulated after treatment with peppermint extract and holly oil. The scavenging ability of water extract of fresh tea leaves treated with herb extract or plant essential oil to superoxide free radical was increased by 1.3-2.9 times. The study shows that spraying herb extract and plant essential oil in early winter tea garden can improve the adaptability of tea plants to low temperature. According to the common indicating role of physiological indexes measured in this study to evaluate tea plants against other abiotic stresses or plant diseases and insect pests, the results further reveal that different herb extracts and plant essential oils used in the study could have a certain application value for tea plants against more abiotic and biotic stresses.

  Isolation, Identification and Activity Screening of Culturable Fungi from Litter in the Greater Hinggan Mountains SI Lu, WU Tong, ZHEN Jincheng, YU Hongjia, LIU Yao, YANG Xiao, XU Lijian 2022, 38 (26):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0849 Abstract + ( 176 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1610KB )   ( 27 ) The purpose of this study is to isolate fungi resources that have antibacterial and antioxidant activities from forest litter. The fungi were isolated from forest litter in the Greater Hinggan Mountains by a particle-spreading-plate method, identified by internal transcribed spacer sequence (ITS), tested by an agar-well-diffusion method for antibacterial activities, and determined by TLC-DPPH method for antioxidant activities. A total of 65 fungal strains are isolated, which belong to 47 genera and 54 taxa, and the sequence similarity of 16 strains is ≤ 98%. Among these 16 strains, the crude extracts of 8 strains have antibacterial activities, 10 strains have antifungal activities, and 6 strains have antioxidant activities. There are 3 strains that have antibacterial and antioxidant activities at the same time, and their closest genera are Phaeosphaeria, Cephalosporium and Ophiobolus, respectively. The Greater Hinggan Mountains are rich in fungi resources. This study can provide basic data and candidate strains for the development of antibacterial and antioxidant fungi natural resources.

  Bibliometric Analysis of Reactive Nitrogen Loss in Vegetable System Based on Web of Science MA Xiao, ZHANG Shihao, ZHANG Fen, LIU Fabo, LIANG Tao, WANG Xiaozhong, CHEN Xinping 2022, 38 (26):  124-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0895 Abstract + ( 206 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1719KB )   ( 31 ) Highly reactive nitrogen loss caused by excessive nitrogen application in vegetable system has been widely concerned by the global scientific community. In order to understand the hotspots and development trends in the global research on reactive nitrogen loss in vegetable system, this study used VOSviewer visualization analysis software to conduct quantitative research and visualization analysis of 444 SCI papers published in the Web of Science core database on reactive nitrogen loss in vegetable system since the beginning of the 21st century. The results show that the research on the loss of reactive nitrogen in vegetables has gained more and more attention in the world. China and the United States are the two countries with the largest number of publications and the highest recognition of the papers. The Chinese Academy of Sciences is an important research institution in this field, and its number of published papers, local citation frequency and total citation frequency rank the first. Science of the Total Environment and Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment are the two journals with the largest number of papers published in this field. From the relationship between authors and cooperation, authors cooperate closely with those from the same cluster, and authors cooperate less with those from different clusters. The analysis of keywords co-linear hotspot evolution shows that the research hotspots in this field change from exploring nitrogen leaching and N2O emission in vegetable system at field scale to studying the influence of soil nitrogen cycle on reactive nitrogen loss in vegetable field at micro-scale by microbial indicators, estimating regional N2O by model simulation and integration analysis at macro-scale, evaluating the effect of different emission reduction measures on reactive nitrogen emission reduction, and the influence of N2O emission on greenhouse effect and soil organic carbon sequestration in vegetable field. N2O emission from vegetable fields has attracted most attention in the research on reactive nitrogen loss in vegetable system, and it is likely to be the hotspot and trend in the future.

  Bibliometric Analysis and Visual Expression of Research on Soil Pollution Prevention and Control GUAN Hongyou 2022, 38 (26):  133-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0878 Abstract + ( 195 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1566KB )   ( 24 ) To analyze the research progress, hotspots and trends on prevention and control of soil pollution objectively, this paper traced back the evolution of the research from 2000 to 2019 by using bibliometric analysis. By summarizing the research frontiers and hotspots, the dynamic changes and development trends of the research hotspots on the prevention and control of soil pollution in China were revealed. The results show that the prevention and control of soil pollution in China has been widely concerned in academic circles, there are great differences among the disciplines on prevention and control of soil pollution, and the keywords are scattered.

  Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment in Anhui Province: Typical Models and Development Suggestions JIANG Yangyang, LI Haiyang, LI Zhengrong, CUI Kai, WU Minglin, ZHOU Beibei, WANG Lin, WU Duosheng 2022, 38 (26):  139-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0950 Abstract + ( 202 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1150KB )   ( 51 ) In recent years, with the rapid development of the aquaculture industry in China, the aquaculture production has been increased significantly, but at the same time, it has also caused problems such as aquaculture water pollution. Aquaculture wastewater treatment is an important practice of the development concept of “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”, and it is also an inevitable requirement for promoting the green and high-quality development of aquaculture industry. Taking Anhui Province as an example, this study summarized and analyzed the current situation of aquaculture and its wastewater treatment, and the typical models of wastewater treatment, then pointed out some existing problems and proposed countermeasures and development suggestions, aiming at providing reference for the transformation and upgrading, as well as the green and high-quality development of the aquaculture industry in Anhui.

  The Necessity and Pathways of the Development of Functional Agriculture WANG Qiangsheng, YU Kunlong, ZHEN Ruohong, GAN Lijun, ZHANG Hui 2022, 38 (26):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0823 Abstract + ( 391 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1137KB )   ( 32 ) With China’s agricultural product consumption changing from energy consumption into nutrition consumption, excess energy and insufficient effective supply of nutrient elements have become one of the main contradictions in the development of modern agriculture in China. Functional agriculture produces agricultural products (food) with specific micronutrients and other beneficial effects by means of biological nutrition fortification, so as to realize the high quality, high nutrition, functionalization and safety of agricultural products (food). Speeding up the development of functional agriculture and strengthening the nutritional function of agricultural products are not only an important measure to improve the health level of urban and rural residents, but also the objective requirement to promote the supply-side reform of modern agriculture. This paper summarized the necessity of the development of functional agriculture in China, the main problems existing in the development process and the main pathways to solve them, in order to provide reference for the nutrition fortification for urban and rural residents and the healthy development of functional agriculture.

  Ecological and Economic Benefit Analysis of Crop Rotation and Development Suggestions YU Taize, JIA Wei, AN Xiaohui, JIN Shuqin, WEI Xue, LI Ying, ZHANG Dan 2022, 38 (26):  150-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0905 Abstract + ( 394 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1180KB )   ( 56 ) Driven by intensive planting and economic benefits, continuous cropping, planting a single crop in the field year after year, has become a common planting mode in China. Long-term continuous cropping has caused many problems, including serious pests and diseases, low yields, and deteriorating soil health. Crop rotation is one of the effective solutions to continuous cropping obstacles and plays a crucial role in the implementation of national strategies such as food security, ecological environment development, and rural revitalization. The paper expounded on the economic and ecological benefits of crop rotation compared with continuous cropping through literature review, and provided suggestions for developing China’s crop rotation based on the comparison of domestic and foreign crop rotation systems. The results show that compared with continuous cropping, crop rotation has higher economic and ecological benefits. Also, it is found that China’s current crop rotation system differs from foreign countries in terms of guidance, promotion mechanisms, subsidy methods, and regulatory measures, and there are still many problems in the development process of crop rotation in China. Combining with the experiences of foreign crop rotation, this paper proposes that we should formulate scientific crop rotation plans, develop crop rotation techniques (conservation tillage, cover crops, water-saving irrigation, and etc.), strengthen the promotion of crop rotation, accurately implement the crop rotation policy, and timely carry out reasonable evaluation and policy adjustments, which have a guiding significance for the large-scale development of crop rotation in China.

  Study on International Trade and Industrial Competitiveness of Asparagus in China Since 2000 LI Dan, LIN Zhong 2022, 38 (26):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0933 Abstract + ( 239 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1483KB )   ( 71 ) China is a leading asparagus producer in the world, with the largest planting area and yield. China’s asparagus industry has developed into an emerging industry with competitive advantages and plays an important role in the global asparagus trade. To study the international trade and industrial competitiveness of asparagus in China, we used the asparagus trade data of FAO, WTO and China Customs (general trade), to analyze the present situation of China’s asparagus import and export trade, and selected four analysis indexes, including producer’s price, international market share, trade competitiveness index and export price ratio, to evaluate the industrial competitiveness of China's asparagus industry. The results showed that China’s asparagus trade is mainly export, which has been in a trade surplus. Since 2008, the import has increased rapidly, and the import-export gap has been significantly narrowed. In 2019, the import quantity was 1/3 of the export quantity, and the value of import exceeded that of export. In terms of asparagus price, China’s asparagus production cost and production price are low, occupying an advantage, but the export unit price and the value of export are relatively low, and the export earning of foreign exchange is not significant. Since 2013, the import unit price has risen rapidly, and has exceeded the export unit price. The imported asparagus is expensive, the asparagus import will not increase significantly in the future, and the export will remain stable. Among the international asparagus exporting countries, Peru and Mexico are basically net exporting countries, with strong trade competitiveness; Greece is the second with a high competitiveness index; and the United States, Spain and the Netherlands also have obvious advantages. China is the largest asparagus producer in the world, but its international market share is not high. When the trade competitiveness index is positive, it is close to 1, and the value of export far exceeds that of import, reflecting that China’s asparagus has strong competitiveness in the domestic market, but has relatively weak competitiveness in the international market.