Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.23 Published:15 September 2011

  23

  Application Advances of Modern Molecular Techniques in Microbial Diversity and Quantitative Analysis of Anaerobic Fungi in the Rumen 2011, 27 (23):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1368 )   PDF ( 1697156KB )   ( 1271 ) Anaerobic fungi play a significant role in promoting the degradation of fibrous feed in the rumen. Authors reviewed recent research advances in biological taxonomy, classification and life circle of rumen fungi. The rapid development and application of molecular biology methods, including rDNA sequence analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), have brought a new pathway for updating the study of rumen fungi. Due to high sensitivity and specificity, these easy-to-handle techniques have been widely applied in the taxonomical classification and molecular phylogenetic analysis for rumen fungi, and quantitative analysis of the fungi biomass by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been successfully used to monitor anaerobic fungi in rumen micro-ecology circumstance.

  Construction of pcDNA3.1(+)-ATF4 of pig and identification 2011, 27 (23):  6-11.  Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 1943477KB )   ( 1294 ) Abstract: To construct an eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)-ATF4 by cloning mouse ATF4 gene and provide basis for establishment of gene function at the cellular and individual level.Extracted RNA, and using RT-PCR, and nested PCR method ,we successfully amplified coding sequence of porcine ATF4 and cloned it into the pMD18-T vector and sequencing confirmed and then constructed pcDNA3.1 (+)-ATF4 vector which was identified by restriction enzyme analysis and DNA sequencing.The pig ATF4 gene is successfully cloned and an eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-ATF4 is successfully constructed. Transiently transfected C2C12 cells and effect of expression is obvious, Which will contribute to further studies on the ATF4 function and to the establishment of condition.

  In vitro Culture of Bovine fetal Fibroblast Cells and Caenorhabditis elegans ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Transfection 2011, 27 (23):  12-16.  Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 1958254KB )   ( 1040 ) In order to offer doner cells for bovine transgenic cloning by nuclear transfering, fibroblast cells were isolated by attaching tissue explants from bovine fetal. The plasmid containing genes of Caenorhabditis elegans ω-3 fatty acid desaturase Gene was transfected into bovine fetal fibroblast by Lipofectmine, Cell clones were obtained after screening by G418. The recombinant of extrogenous DNA was identified by polymerase chain reaction，the positive colonies were maintained in culture medium containing G418 for 2-3 passages. the transcription of extrogenous DNA was identified by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that primary bovine fibroblast cells were isolated from the tissue cultured for 7 day，and the transgenic cells were obtained after G418 selection for 9d. Identification of the transgene in the cell clones was examined by PCR and the exogenous DNA (CMV promoter and Caenorhabditis elegans ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene) had been integrated into genome. The transgenic cell line could transcript the Caenorhabditis elegans ω-3 fatty acid desaturase DNA efficiently.after passage These results have paved the way to obtain the new transgenic bovine by nuclear transfer in the future.

  cDNA Clonging of Heart Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene from Goat and its Bioinformatic Analysis 2011, 27 (23):  17-20.  Abstract + ( 1139 )   PDF ( 1702758KB )   ( 1179 ) Full length cDNA sequence of heart fatty acid binding protein from goat was cloned by RT-PCR technology. The analysis and prediction on the amino similarity, physicochemical properties and secondary structure character were conducted from acquired sequences. The results showed that goat H-FABP gene cDNA was 402 bp in length and its homology rates of predicted amino acid sequence was 100% to sheep. H-FABP belong to hydrophilic and faintly acid protein. The secondary structure was mainly composed of βsheet. It had no transmembranous regions but possessed potential signal peptide, several other signal sites and cell fatty acid binding site. These results would provide theoretical base for revealing the protein space structure and biological function.

  Isolation, culture and identification of high pure yak endometrium stromal cells 2011, 27 (23):  21-24.  Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 1628136KB )   ( 1043 ) To obtain high purity Yak Endometrium Stromal Cells, yak endometrium tissue was digested by collagenase, stromal cells was isolationed and cultured in vitro, the growth characteristics and immunocytochemical staining was studied. The results showed that the digest effect was good with 2 g/L collagenase Ⅱ at 37℃ working 2.5 h, following replacing with fresh 2 g/L collagenase Ⅱ working 2.5 h; epithelium cells were able to be wiped off through 74 μm filter, followed by 400 r/min centrifugalization and sedimentation, large numbers of single cells were obtained. Two shapes of cells with the former of spinder and polygonal were found when they became adherent. It was verified that this 2 shapes of cells were positive for vimentin, with 95% of positive rate, and negative for cytokeratin by immunocytochemical staining method. The conclusion can be drawn that purified yak stromal cells were obtained.

  The Enzymes Assay Of The Fermentation Of CHE Feed On Line 2011, 27 (23):  25-28.  Abstract + ( 1270 )   PDF ( 1609756KB )   ( 1040 ) Protease (including acid protease， alkaline protease and neutral protease) is the one of the most important enzymes in the feed compound enzymes. In this paper， acid protease， alkaline protease and neutral protease of the CHE feed were extracted and the assay of their activity were carried out. The results showed that the enzyme activity was not the same in all of them， acidic protease activity was the highest， the smallest one was alkaline protease， and the optimum temperature of acidic protein activity was about 40 ℃ and the maximum of acidic protein activity was 5.203ug / min， the optimum temperature of neutral protease was about 30 ℃ and the maximum of neutral protease was 2.9754 ug / min， while the optimum temperature of alkaline protease was about 25 ℃ and the maximum of alkaline protease was 0.4482 ug / min.

  The study of ovine sperm acrosome reaction induced by zone pellucide 2011, 27 (23):  29-31.  Abstract + ( 1087 )   PDF ( 1571978KB )   ( 1076 ) To find out the effects of ovine sperm acrosome reaction induced by zone pellucid, three experiments were designed: first, co-incubation non-capacited sperm with zone pellucid; second, co-incubation capacitation sperm with zone pellucid; third, adding with calcium ionophore A23187 after co-incubation non-capacited sperm with zone pellucid. The results showed that the rates of acrosome reaction induced by zone pellucid are not significant difference whether the spermatozoa were capacited, IA23187 don’t cooperate with zone pellucide to improve the rate of acrosome reaction.

  Effects of selenium supplement on the serum hormone concentration and superovulation effect of Suffolk sheep 2011, 27 (23):  32-35.  Abstract + ( 1053 )   PDF ( 1423576KB )   ( 1121 ) In order to ascertain the effects of selenium supplement on the serum hormone concentration and superovulation effect of donor sheep, 24 two-years old Suffolk managed under stall-feeding condition were divided into treatment and control group randomly. The treatment group was injected with sodium selenite vitamin E injection 4 ml (i.e.0.46 mg/ml) before superovulation treatment, and control group was injected with nothing. The quality and quantity of embryo of Suffolk sheep were evaluated along with the embryo transfer, the serums were prepared to determine the levels of P4、E2、FSH、LH、FT3 and FT4 at 25th-day after treatment. The results showed that 8.7available embryos were collected from treatment group, that was 2.1 more than that of control group. The serum P4、E2 concentrations of treatment group were 8.46 ±4.54ng/ml and 13.49±4.41pg ml respectively，both of them were significantly more than that of control group(P< 0.05). The serum FSH and LH levels of treatment group were 5.46±1.55and 4.12±1.19mIU/ml, there was no obvious difference between two groups. The serum FT3 and FT4 levels were 4.67±0.71and 10.23±2.32 pmol/L respectively，FT4 level was significantly lower than that of control group（P< 0.05. Hence, the quantity of available embryo and serum P4 and E2 of Suffolk sheep used for donor were improved by injection with Sodium selenite vitamin E injection.

  Research on Dermal Toxicity and Eye Toxicity of the Volatile Oil from the Leaf of Cinnamomum Longepaniculatum 2011, 27 (23):  36-39.  Abstract + ( 1269 )   PDF ( 1606836KB )   ( 1076 ) Objective To evaluate the skin irritation, the eye irritation and the phototoxicity of the volatile oil from the leaf of Cinnamomum Longepaniculatum. Method Evaluate the security of the volatile oil from the leaf of Cinnamomum Longepaniculatum by carrying on the skin irritation, the eye irritation test and the phototoxicity test and observing the response. Result The high and the middle concentrations had slight and reversible irritation to the damaged skin, but the low concentration didn’t. Those three all had no irritation to the intact skin. When the volatile oil from the leaf of Cinnamomum Longepaniculatum was given to the eyes once, it had slight and reversible irritation, yet it became irreversible when given several times to a few rabbits. The volatile oil from the leaf of Cinnamomum Longepaniculatum had no phototoxicity. Conclusion As a whole, it’s safe to apply the volatile oil from the leaf of Cinnamomum Longepaniculatum to the skin, while the application to the eyes must be careful.

  Effect of Pregnancy on Thermoregulation in the Common Lizard Lacerta vivipara 2011, 27 (23):  40-42.  Abstract + ( 1246 )   PDF ( 1427905KB )   ( 1094 ) In this paper, we study the effect of pregnancy on thermoregulaton in the common lizard Lacerta vivipara population of Xiaoxing'anling, Heilongjiang Province through the methods of wild caught and laboratory rearing in June and September 2008. The results showed that the common lizard could make their own body temperature increased at low temperature (18℃) through the heat source thermostat. Pregnancy significantly affected on thermoregulation in the common in this study, while pregnant females not like the male and non-pregnant individuals to very high temperatures (33℃ or so) but chose an appropriate temperature (31℃ or so). The results from this study show that gravid females regulate their body temperatures trade-off between its own optimum temperature and optimum temperature for embryonic development.

  The Effect of Different Food on Ovarian Development and Sex Ratio of Lissonota setosa 2011, 27 (23):  43-46.  Abstract + ( 1193 )   PDF ( 1449767KB )   ( 862 ) In order to explore the role of food in improving reproductive potentiality, ovarian development and sex ratio were researched by anatomy and observation in the female adults of Lissonota setosa feeding on five diets which include water solutions of honey, sucrose, glucose, fructose and mannose. The results showed that, honey, sucrose, glucose and fructose can accelerate ovarian development, and maintain mature eggs at a higher level. Moreover these four diets can greatly increase the percentage of female. That means that these four diets can be used as food for mass-production of Lissonota setosa.

  Effects of “NPN” supplement on milk production in Holstein dairy cow 2011, 27 (23):  47-50.  Abstract + ( 1399 )   PDF ( 1522813KB )   ( 1279 ) To explore the NPN supplement; in the role of breeding industry of cows， select, related materials and methods to research. Choose thirty-two China Holstein dairy cows, and then randomly divided them into two groups: experiment group and control group, each group is sixteen .In the experimental group feed with NPN supplement to replace a certain number of conventional protein supplement. The control group feed with conventional material, do not add NPN supplementary material .After years of experimentation, The results shows: experimental group output is 16108 kg and control group output is 15289 kg. the former more than the latter 819 kg. The average daily milk yield number of cow per day increase 0.85 kg，decides on a price 2 yuan/kg ideas by the fresh milk to be the equivalent to increase 1.7 Yuan per day. Calculate the cost of feed while with NPN supplementary material replacing the conventional protein supplementary material in Hu sesame seed cake. The concentrated feed total cost drops 544 Yuan. Namely the experimental group drops 544 Yuan compared to the control group feed cost. Experimental group average each saves the feed cost 0.57 Yuan every day. Concluded that non protein nitrogen supplement effect on cows output and economic benefits ，its application in production is of guiding role.

  Analysis of antimicrobial peptides from blood and serum of Mytilus coruscus 2011, 27 (23):  58-64.  Abstract + ( 1202 )   PDF ( 4864507KB )   ( 943 ) Mytilus coruscus widely spreads all through the littoral extent of East China Sea with important economic value. Abundant peptides with antimicrobial activity were identified from hemocytes of mussel in previously works. To elucidate the compositive characterization of antimicrobial peptides from blood cell and serum of Mytilus coruscus hemocytes, high performance liquid chromatogram were used and several fractions with distinct antimicrobial activity were isolated from blood cell and serum of Mytilus coruscus, respectively. Mass spectrometry combined cDNA data analysis were performed to characterize the molecular mass and annotation of some peptides. Some of antimicrobial peptides identified in this work were considered belong to Mytilins or Myticins family with molecular mass ranged from 3000 to 7000 Da. The difference between blood cell and serum antimicrobial peptides mainly exists in molecular composition and antimicrobial spectrum. In addition, a novel peptide with strong antimicrobial activity was found in serum of Mytilus coruscus and the molecular mass of this peptide is more than 10000 Da. The results of this work build the foundation for further research on the molecular diversity of antimicrobial peptides, immune mechanisms of Mytilus coruscus, and screening for new peptides with applicable value.

  Primary Study on Quantitative Risk Assessment of Dietary Formaldehyde in Aquatic Product by Monte Carlo Simulation 2011, 27 (23):  65-69.  Abstract + ( 1173 )   PDF ( 1758742KB )   ( 1518 ) Conduct quantitative risk assessment to evaluate the risk level of formaldehyde by means of aquatic products’ dietary comsumption. Hazard quotient was employed to characterize the dietary risk of formaldehyde via eating aquatic products with the application of @risk software basing on Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that the average and each percentile of the hazard quotient of general population through consuming both aquatic products and dried fishery products were all less than 1. Moreover, the average and every percentile of hazard quotient by dietary consumption of dried fishery products was almost one order of magnitude lower than that by dietary consumption of fresh aquatic products. Therefore, to the general population, the dietary exposure of formaldehyde only by aquatic products’ consumption was unlikely to bring about severe health risk. But the control and monitoring of formaldehyde in fresh aquatic products should be strengthened to further reduce the dietary formaldehyde risk level of the general population.

  The control of nitrogen and phosphorus to tilapia fish pond by floating-bed-grown water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) 2011, 27 (23):  70-75.  Abstract + ( 1241 )   PDF ( 1522679KB )   ( 1281 ) Abstract: Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) are the most important factors causing eutrophication, while ammonia and nitrite are the two key environmental factors causing fish disease. In this experiment, we studied the control of nitrogen and phosphorus to tilapia fish pond by floating-bed-grown water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) consisted of PVC tubes. The results showed that, by the later stage of the experiment, the concentration of TN decreased to the second standard of the waste water of freshwater fish pond, the concentration of TP achieved to the second standard of environment quality of surface water, while the concentration of ammonia and nitrite decreased to 1mg/L and 0.1mg/L below respectively. In the terms of the area of the test-groups, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal of time – depend and area- depend of floating-bed-grown was evident, the more the time lasted, the better the effect of area- depend. The results also showed that, floating-bed-grown water spinach had a good effect in the control of nitrogen and phosphorus in intensive- aquaculture fish pond, and when the area of floating-bed was 20%, the economic benefit achieved to the optimum level. This experiment offered a new thought to the health breeding of freshwater fish pond.

  The effect of starvation and refeeding on the blood physiological and non-specific immune parameters in Carassius auratus gibelio 2011, 27 (23):  76-79.  Abstract + ( 1313 )   PDF ( 1405317KB )   ( 914 ) Abstract: The effect of starvation periods and refeeding on blood physiological and non-specific immune parameters in Carassius auratus gibelio(15.6 ±0.84) were studied. Compared to the control, the content of blood glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly decreased during starvation (P <0.01 ). The starvation led an initial significantly decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity followed by increased. The phosphatase (ACP) activity was not effected in short-term starvation, however prolong the starvation, ACP activity increased, but then sharp declined (P<0.01). The content of blood glucose and MDA, the activity of SOD and ACP were significantly increased in short-term starvation group after re-feeding. The content of blood glucose and Hb , ACP activity also increased, however, SOD activity and content of MDA were significantly declined in middle-term starvation（P<0.05）after re-feeding. The content of blood glucose and MDA were remarkable declined compared to control, but ACP activity was gradually restored to the control level in long-term starvation after re-feeding. The results showed that short-term hunger and then re-feeding could enhance metabolism and non-specific immune function of Carassius auratus gibelio .

  Research Status of the Influencing factors in Liquid Fermentation of Black Tea Beverage 2011, 27 (23):  80-85.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 1412070KB )   ( 1340 ) In recent yeas, in order to solve the problems of the traditional black tea beverage industry, many scholars study the liquid fermentation which was using for producing the black tea beverage. This article mainly discussed the effects in liquid fermentation system of black tea beverage: included the substrate concentration and the activity of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, pretreatment of fresh leaves, temperature, pH, oxygen supplements, and time. By affecting the concentration and ratio of theaflavins, thearubigins and theabrownins, these factors can affect the system and the quality of black tea. They played the vital roles in liquid fermentation system of black tea beverage. According to the domestic and international tea beverage liquid fermentation technology, combining the current research situation of the existing problems, the author advanced some measures, such as raw material, enzyme and automatic control. They provided theoretical basis for lucubrating and extensive application of this technology.

  Advance in transgenic edible vaccine 2011, 27 (23):  86-90.  Abstract + ( 1066 )   PDF ( 1442330KB )   ( 1484 ) Large-scale production of edible vaccine using transgenic plant bioreactor is cheap, convenient-immunity and promising application. Along with commercial approving of the Newcastle Disease Virus transgenic vaccine, transgenic plant edible vaccine will bring about a research booming. This paper describes the advantage, research strategy and current state of edible transgenic plant vaccine as well as the problems in research.

  Analysis on Development Trend and Countermeasures of Agricultural Products Processing Industry 2011, 27 (23):  91-95.  Abstract + ( 945 )   PDF ( 1415375KB )   ( 1252 ) Along with the agriculture fast development and the gradual improvement of living standards of urban and rural residents, the agricultural products processing industry has been developing rapidly. In particular since the "Ninth Five-Year", the agricultural products processing has played an active role to support the sustainable development of agriculture and competition, ensure farmers income, adjust and optimize the rural economy, and increase employment. The agricultural products processing has become a pillar industry of national economy. Therefore, the problems in the processing of agricultural products development, should take positive guidance and support from finance and preferential policies to help small and medium agricultural products processing enterprises.

  Row Materials Screening and Conversion Technologies of Vinegar Biomass 2011, 27 (23):  96-101.  Abstract + ( 979 )   PDF ( 1577341KB )   ( 1110 ) China is a large agricultural country, which has rich in biological resources, agriculture and forestry, but forest biomass is still limited to be used. So From the perspective of comprehensive utilization of plant resources, focusing on the raw production screening of biomass vinegar, physical and chemical properties, yield changes and the technology conversion, and determined the optimal process parameters and production processes of biomass vinegar. Ultimately find a highly efficient, non-pollution, resource use of the method for forestry biomass, and to develop a highly efficient and stable vinegar solution. The next step as a plant growth regulator, the way to develop organic farming and sustainable ecological would provide technical support and service platform. The results showed that: In the same conditions (temperature, ventilation, etc.), the reed as raw materials would be adjusted the moisture content to 15% and of the pyrolysis temperature to 600℃, and the vinegar obtained were high yield, low tar and good quality, Then, standing for 4-6 months, the vinegar obtained were small changes in pH, the nature stable, low cost and the best results.

  Initial Establishment of Genetic Transformation System for Lactobacillus paracasei HD1.7 ping jingge 2011, 27 (23):  102-108.  Abstract + ( 1272 )   PDF ( 2296589KB )   ( 1193 ) The electroporation conditions of L. paracasei HD1.7 were optimized, which provided the basis for construction of the knockout mutant strains of prcR. [Methods] The suicide, pUC18-prcR-tet, was imported to the L. paracasei HD1.7 by electrotransformation and the optimized parameters affecting high-efficent electrotransforming were studied preliminarily. After L. paracasei HD1.7 had been cultivated 8h, the recipient cells were treated by 12.5 μg/mL (final concentration) of benzylpenicillin and were to be continued 1h. They were washed by electrotransformation buffer of AEB1(0.3 mol/L of sucrose), as well as the 1.8-2.0 kv of field strength and one time of pulse, then added them in MRS culture media quickly and recovered 5 h. The high-efficient electrotransforming had been got, the suicide plasmid (pUC18-prcR-tet) was imported to the L. paracasei HD1.7 successfully, and part of the homologous recombination occurred. The optimized electroporation conditions of L. paracasei HD1.7 were obtained, which lay the foundation for studying the quorum sensing regulatory factor (prcR) of L. paracasei HD1.7.

  Effect of Controlled Atomosphere on Post-harvest Pericarp Browning and Storage Quality of Pomegranate 2011, 27 (23):  109-113.  Abstract + ( 1148 )   PDF ( 1599686KB )   ( 1076 ) The post-harvest physiology and mechanism of pericarp browning of ‘Xinjiang bigger seeds’ pomegranates under controlled atmosphere storages were studied. The result showed that soluble solids, and titratable acid content of pomegranate fruits decreased gradually during storage. Meanwhile, the MDA content and membrane permeability of pericarp slowly increased. The peel polyphenol oxidase activity showed a declining trend and the content of phenolic substances declined slightly after the early increase with extension of preservation. Compared with the fruit stored at 8℃, the CA treatments significantly alleviated the increase of membrane permeability reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, inhibited the polyphenol oxidase activity and decreased the oxidation of phenolic substances of the pomegranate pericarp. The combination of 5% CO2 with 3%-5% O2 was recommended CA storage conditions for ‘Xinjiang bigger seeds’ pomegranate.

  Comparison of Protein Preparation and Two Dimensional Electrophoresis Analysis from Edible Bird’s Nest 2011, 27 (23):  114-118.  Abstract + ( 1353 )   PDF ( 1874340KB )   ( 1137 ) Protein samples, prepared with water extraction or acetone precipitation, were both well separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) after purification with liquid-phase isoelectric focusing (LIEF). So LIEF was an effective purification method for edible birds’ nest (EBNs). With different preparation methods, similar 2-D gel protein profiles were obtained in two white EBNs and one blood EBN. While compared to dialyzation and lyophilization, the time of sample preparation with acetone precipitation was greatly reduced. Consequently, protein precipitated with acetone prior to LIEF was more applicable to blood EBNs for their low protein extraction rate.

  Comparison of Different Extraction Methods of Genomic DNA from Soybean Powder 2011, 27 (23):  119-122.  Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 2431272KB )   ( 1031 ) In the present study, to find out the better methods of soybean powder genomic DNA extraction for the molecular marker analysis of high quality and sufficient samples, the extraction method of genomic DNA from soybean powder purchased from market was optimized. There are 12 methods used in the extraction of DNA, in which pyrolysis, high-salt low-pH, isopropyl alcohol, CTAB, SDS or GuSCN, and their modified methods were involved. The effects of different methods were compared by detecting the DNA by optical density, agarosegel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results showed that the genomic DNA extracted by all methods except for modified High-salt low-pH method could be used in PCR reaction. Meanwhile, the better DNA concentration and purity will be gained by different methods in the order of modified pyrolysis method, modified isopropyl alcohol method, pyrolysis method, isopropyl alcohol method, High-salt low-pH method, modified CTAB method, CTAB method and modified SDS method. These methods are simply to operate, fast to gain results, and suitable for the extraction of total DNA from soybean powder.

  Study of Separating Glycol Type Ginseng Saponins from Organic Solvents CaCl2 Salt Solution 2011, 27 (23):  123-127.  Abstract + ( 966 )   PDF ( 3293555KB )   ( 1017 ) This study is to determine the best organic solvents and the dose of all monomers in separating glycol type ginseng saponins. Through extraction by using the different solubilities of the monomers of glycol type ginseng saponins in organic solvents CaCl2 salt solution, the study determines the best Organic solvents and its dose by using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography test. The test comes to the conclusion that Acetone CaCl2 salt solution is the best organic solvents in separating glycol type ginseng saponins and the best condition for the extraction of glycol type ginseng saponins is saponins(g):5%CaCl2(mL):Acetone(mL)=4:5:35.

  Technical Research on Wheat Aleurone Separation and Aleurone Nutritious Rice 2011, 27 (23):  128-134.  Abstract + ( 1147 )   PDF ( 2933426KB )   ( 1000 ) Wheat aleurone, rich in nutriments of mineral substance, microelements and dietary fiber，which is the endocarp part connecting to endosperm in cortex. Because of the high ash content and yellow color of wheat aleurone, the nutriments content of main product can be reduced when putting wheat aleurone in bran as by-product in milling. To make the full use of wheat aleurone nutriments in main product to increase its natural nutriments content. The author successfully created the aleurone nutritious rice which can enhance the nutriments content by adding wheat aleurone into common rice by specific extraction technology of layering peeling separation. This research took the orthogonal experimental method to get the optimum nutritious ingredient and the technology influential parameters. This conclusion provides a basis to the development of aleurone nutritious rice and offers a new way for people diet structure adjustment.

  Optimization of Application Method Using the Function Bacteria Strain FJAT-0809-GLX to Keep the Longan Fruit Fresh 2011, 27 (23):  135-139.  Abstract + ( 1091 )   PDF ( 1601532KB )   ( 1185 ) In order to find reasonable and cheap keeping-fresh method for longan (Dimocarpus longan), the optimization of application method using the function bacteria strain Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX to keep the longan fruit (Dimocarpus longan) fresh were compared in this paper. The results showed that the preservation rate was decreased as the concentration dilutions of the fresh-keeping function bacteria strain FJAT-0809-GLX increased, and threshing rate was increased. The highest preservation rate was 75% as the dilution was ten times. The preservation rate of longan fruits with the paper wrapped was higher than that with leaves wrapped, which was 53.28%. The application methods showed that the threshing rate of the fruit for the bacterium spraying before harvest was 24.42%, lower than that spraying after harvest which was 83.33%.

  The processing technology of vacuum dipping sugar on cherry tomato 2011, 27 (23):  140-144.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 1629234KB )   ( 1120 ) The processes of hardening with color protection, vacuum dipping sugar were used to preserve the quality of cherry tomato. Results showed that the best quality of products with look and taste better cherry tomato preserves were abstained through 1% citric acid solution with color protection, 2% δ-gluconic acid lactone immersion hardening, 6g/kg alginate syrup shaped handle secured, in a vacuum to 0.09 MPa, sugar solution temperature was 55 ℃, sugar soaking time of 80 min, dried under 65 ℃, 12 h.

  Study on process in fabricating phosphodiesterase of potato starch at low temperature 2011, 27 (23):  145-149.  Abstract + ( 957 )   PDF ( 1640497KB )   ( 957 )

  Spatial Variability of Sugar and Nicotine Contents in Yongzhou 2011, 27 (23):  150-154.  Abstract + ( 1129 )   PDF ( 1628865KB )   ( 1045 ) In order to reveal the spatial variation of sugar, nicotine in Yongzhou Tobacco, and to provide guidance for area planning, procurement of raw materials by tobacco industrial enterprises. In this paper, C3F grade flue-cured tobacco samples were collected in Yongzhou Hunan from 2007 to 2009, The spatial variability of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine content and total sugar nicotine ratio were been analyzed by geostatistics. The results showed that the sugar content of tobacco was 27.4%-29.2%, reducing sugar content was 25.8%-27.5%, the nicotine content was 2.4%-2.6% and sugar to nicotine ratio was 12.1-13.6 in most of tobacco Yongzhou. The spatial distribution of total sugar, reducing sugar contents in tobacco and sugar to nicotine ratio showed as the same decreasing trended from east to west, nicotine content was in the opposite, as a decreasing trend from west to east. Nicotine was within the suitable range of high quality tobacco in Hunan Province, the total sugar, reducing sugar, total sugar to nicotine ratio of tobacco in most Yongzhou were highly out of the range except the west Dao Coutny and northern Jiangyong County.

  Study on the Development Planning of Modern Agriculture in Perspective of Urban and Rural Harmonious Development -A Case Study of Shapingba District of Chongqing 2011, 27 (23):  155-159.  Abstract + ( 1010 )   PDF ( 2114738KB )   ( 1008 ) As a new pattern of agriculture development, modern agriculture has very important significance to stability and development of society and economy. The author combined with Chongqing’s synthetically reform practice to coordinate urban-rural development, and took Shapingba district as an example, systematically discussed the development planning thoughts and program layouts including planning concept, strategy, approach, localization, general targets and industry choice, layout, etc. The results showed that it should establish the pattern of agricultural development and spatial arrangement: one line, one belt and one river. And thus Shapingba district will become the show window and demonstration zone of modern agriculture which could serve Chongqing metropolitan area.

  Evaluation and Countermeasures of Metropolis Modern Agriculture Process in DaXing District 2011, 27 (23):  160-164.  Abstract + ( 1090 )   PDF ( 1626478KB )   ( 989 ) This study used qualitative and quantitative method and analysed Metropolis Modern Agriculture Process between 2005 to 2009 in Daxing district. The contribution factors and confinement factors were analyzed. The composite index of daxing metropolis modern agriculture in 2009 was 71.48, which indicated that the agriculture of daxing was in the middle stage of the metropolis modern agriculture primary phase.The regional harmonious level, production function and capacity for sustainable development reached the middle of the basic implementation stage.The score of Ecological function was 65.46% which was in the early stage of the metropolis modern agriculture primary phase. The realization degree of service function was 26.32%,which was the preparation of the metropolis modern agriculture.At last, this study promoted corresponding advices.

  Analysis on Characteristic of industry interaction between Urban and rural promoted by agricultural product processing industry 2011, 27 (23):  165-168.  Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 1380339KB )   ( 854 ) It is a good way to promote industry interaction between urban and rural with the development of agricultural product processing industry. This paper analyzed that characteristic of different development stages of agricultural product processing industry .In initial stage, it maintains close ties with agriculture and the main interacted factors are resource and capital .In growing stage ,the main interacted factors are knowledge and technology with the cluster of agricultural product processing industry .In mature stage ,more model of interaction and more upgrade factors become. The paper also analyzed urban and rural promoted by agricultural product processing industry through investigation in Hefei. The suggestion is that suitable policy should be made by characteristic of different development stages of agricultural product processing industry

  Construction and Application of Beijing Suburban Agricultural Land Contract Information Management System 2011, 27 (23):  169-173.  Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 2169138KB )   ( 955 ) In order to improve rural land management information and land intensive use, according to current situation of land and features of contract management, Beijing suburban agricultural land contract information management system was built based on Oracle database, ArcGIS Engine, ArcSDE and 3S.Key technology researches were developed such as multi-source heterogeneous data fusion, distributed virtual visiting, land parcel drew and property edited by PDA, results reported and data updated. It combined qualitative analysis, quantitative calculation with visual display to achieve space integrated management while rural land basic information acquisition machine PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) was adopted for the rapid field collection of basic data and updates. The system can achieve spatial decision support business management such as query and statistics, agricultural land transfer management, agricultural disaster assessment and agricultural insurance, agricultural products security. Running of the system promotes transition from the traditional and rough mode towards to the precise and scientific mode and provides sufficient data basis and analysis tool for management departments at all levels of government in rural areas to make rapid and scientific decision. It is very great significant for capital rural three agricultural development.

  Construction of Knowledge Database and Symptoms Standard Set about Plant Nutrition Diagnose Expert System 2011, 27 (23):  174-177.  Abstract + ( 1123 )   PDF ( 1404583KB )   ( 1119 ) Objective criterions describing plant symptoms responding to nutrient sufficiency and deficiency have been established based on extensive literature review. Typical and non-typical symptoms of most crops, which were in a total number of 286, had been input to the database. These symptoms were classified according to elements, and an objective criterion was established for each of the 12 elements. An index describing the apparent symptoms regarding the plants, locations and leaves was also established for diagnosing search. This paper finally discussed the advantages of using SQL server2000 as the database platform. This study could contribute to the development of plant nutrition diagnose databases.

  Pilot Study on Constructing the Archives Resources for Chinese Agriculture Institutions of Higher Learning 2011, 27 (23):  178-183.  Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 1458961KB )   ( 899 ) These days are the key duration for Chinese institutions of higher learning to improve the academic level to the first academic level university of the world or the high academic level featured university. The institutions of higher learning archives resources are the valuable resources and the important information resources. It plays a very important role on the reformation and development of the institutions of higher learning. This paper expatiated on the purports, content, and characteristics of constructing the archives resources during the new era. This study suggested that five principles should be insisted on, such as broad, characteristic, feed in and feedback, synchronous constructing and deposit for the substantiality archives resources and digital archives resources, and scientifically protecting and effectively management, during the archives resources constructing. This study also recommended the measures for constructing the archives resources during the new era as follows: (1) establishing the richness and high quality archives resources base; (2) expediting the integration and development for the featured archives resources; (3) improving the ability of archives utilization and servings; (4) strengthening the protecting and salvage; (5) exploring the new approach for constructing the archives resources.

  Strategic Management Research on Various Phases of Rural Small-Middle Enterprise’s Development 2011, 27 (23):  184-188.  Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 1440995KB )   ( 1204 ) This article analyzes the strategic management problems emerged during the developing procedure of rural small-middle enterprises and the potential risks because of lacking appropriate strategic management measures. In view of its complexity and uncertainty of the internal and external environment, this article puts forward the gist of strategic management based on existing academic achievements. First, because strategic management should have flexibility and the time of strategic formulation is short, they need implement strategic inflection continuously. Base on industry life cycle, this article brings forward that the strategic measures should match with their stages of development. Second, the extent of strategic management is limit. Because the products of rural small-middle enterprises are relative simplex, the extent of strategic management only limits on one or several marketing operations. The above characteristics of rural small-middle enterprise depend on its own condition and circumstances.

  Investigation of Livability of Rural Residential Areas Based on Households’ Willingness -A case Study of Bajiao Village, GuiLin Town, Tongnan Country, Chongqing City 2011, 27 (23):  189-192.  Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 1388051KB )   ( 875 ) The livability of rural residential areas will affect the production of residential aggregation efficiency and the level of intensive use about rural collective construction land . Based on the actual investigation in Bajiao village, the author used household sample survey, GIS technology to investigate and evaluate the livable conditions of exiting rural residential areas based on households’ willingness. The research showed the conditions of livable rural residential areas: farming radius accepted by households, production convenience; well accessibility of the road; meet the next generation of farmers’ demand for education; perfect infrastructure.Key words: rural residential areas; livability; Bajiao village

  Exploration of electric information cultivating patterns for creative talents in agricultural colleges 2011, 27 (23):  193-198.  Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 1750685KB )   ( 777 ) This paper takes the Chinese Agricultural University, electrical and information personnel training, for example,through the analysis of the agricultural colleges industry application advantages and engineering discipline characteristic,put forward the talent training scheme which based on "three innovation platform, 3-sectional cultivation, two through" ,established technological competition, scientific research training and professional certification, and other forms of talent training session,explored the agricultural institute of electrical and information innovative talent training mode.

  Model of Competition and Mutualism between College-graduate Village Officials Based on the Nonlinear Dynamics 2011, 27 (23):  199-202.  Abstract + ( 967 )   PDF ( 1376681KB )   ( 799 ) The sustainable development of college-graduate village officials has become a complex system requiring coordination gradually. A competition and mutualism model between college-graduate village officials has been established in this paper based on the nonlinear dynamics. As far as the similar area is concerned, the development and stability of college-graduate village officials system is discussed. It is suggested that, the developing pattern could be adjusted reference to the stability conditions.

  Researching the National Minority Tradition Sports Culture ofAgricultural areas ofCold field black earth culture 2011, 27 (23):  203-207.  Abstract + ( 950 )   PDF ( 1387236KB )   ( 878 ) Mainly literature, comparative induction,comprehensive analysis, Regard Cold field black earth cultureas the visual angle, Having Researchsded black earth's traditional sports culture(national culture characteristic, nationality cultural individual character, nationality sports economic culture)of ethnic minority of key district central coldly in Heilongjiang Province of a text especially, For the purpose of offering the reference with feasible science for protecti historical current situation, national sports item, non-material sports cultural heritage, national ng and passing the traditional sports culture of ethnic minority of black land of the Northeast on better.

  States on “four clean-ups” Movement in the Rural Area of Hebei Province 2011, 27 (23):  208-213.  Abstract + ( 1151 )   PDF ( 1303276KB )   ( 1047 ) Hebei province was the headstream of the rural “four clean-ups” movement throughout the country. This movement experienced the two stages of “four small clear” which gave first place to clear economy and “four big clear” which gave first place to clear politics. The “four clear Baoding” experience which existed in Hebei creative stage of “four small clear” was one of the main basis in working out the “first ten main part” of the whole nation carrying out “four clean-ups” movement by the Guangzhou convention of central authority. The “peach garden experience” and the power-seizing fighting “experience” of small station which both existed in the “four big clean-ups” have produced significant influence on the whole nation’s “four clean-ups” movement and also has affected the development of the “left” mistake during the movement.

  Emergy Input Analysis of Agro-ecological Economic System of Jiangxi Province 2011, 27 (23):  214-220.  Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 1610273KB )   ( 1012 ) In order to evaluate the status of the agricultural ecological economic system of Jiangxi and provide the basis for the formulation of the countermeasures for the sustainable development of Jiangxi agricultural system, the author studied the emergy input of agro-ecological economic system of Jiangxi Province, and analyzed emergy input structure, its tracks of history of succession and the trend in development. The results showed that emergy input per year was 1.39×1023-1.69×1023 sej, renewable environmental resources made up 12.59%-16.38%, nonrewable environmental resources accounted for 0.35%-0.45%, organic energy and industrial support energy took up 7.48%-9.66% and 75.28%-77.38%. In industrial support emergy, fertilizer energy was the most (53.09%-78.92%), other industrial support emergy only held 21.08%-46.91%. The rate of labour emergy was up to 77.10%-86.42% in organic emergy, other organic energy only took up 13.58%-22.90%. Annual variation of each emergy input which accounted for the total emergy input was little. The organic energy still did not change the absolute status of labour emergy in twenty years’ change. Industrial support emergy input transformed from fertilizer emergy into electricity, diesel and mechanical emergy after twenty years’ evolution. High and new advanced technology emergy input was little, the system was traditional and conservative, the main power to maintain the system operation was labour, the system was still in the traditional operation stage.

  Analysis of Eco-security Carrying Capacity on Village Scale in Miyun Reservoir, Beijing 2011, 27 (23):  221-226.  Abstract + ( 1172 )   PDF ( 1715754KB )   ( 913 ) It’s important to study on the eco-security capacity of a social-economic-natural compounding system in certain areas, especially for sustainable development in urban watershed. The author took a village of Miyun watershed for an example to study the eco-security carrying capacity by using the method of system dynamics (SD) model simulation, aimed to solve the problems between industry development and environment. It explained that small agro-bio-cycle system could increase eco-security carrying capacity remarkably, but must be combined with village tour which developed rapidly. During the research, the eco-security had been divided into 4 subsystem, such as population, bio-cycle agriculture, village tourism and waste resources, then 9 schemes had been searched and system dynamics model had been built. The simulation results showed that: (1) mushroom industry was the ligament for the small eco-cycle system, and if all the greenhouse in the village had been used to produce mushroom, the eco-security would be better in the coming 10 years; (2) if the stalks, cattle manure, tree branches, mushroom sticks and waste water had been treated to 60%, the balance point for ecology and economy was coming, that is, the ecology and economy of the village would be in order and sustainable in the coming 10 years.

  Research on Distinctiveness of Soil and Water Loss in South China Karst Area 2011, 27 (23):  227-233.  Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 1639048KB )   ( 1095 ) There were more and more research activities on South China Karst in the past 20 years. Since rocky desertification becomes a research hot spot nowadays, the author suggested that the distinctiveness of soil and water loss in South China Karst area, which was a basic condition for rocky desertification, should be highlighted. Only by studying based on distinctiveness of soil and water loss, can we correctly realize its essence and hazard. The distinctiveness was caused by many factors, among which geological background was a precondition, climate background played an important role, special natural factors were direct reasons, and human activities were tremendous driving force. Rocky desertification was the result from the distinctive soil and water loss in South China Karst area. All researches on its distinctiveness aimed to obtain evaluation standard, research methods, soil and water conservation measures applied to South China Karst, which would help us prevent and control rocky desertification.

  Regulation of Land-based Pollution Prevention and Control Project Planning and Design Field 2011, 27 (23):  234-237.  Abstract + ( 938 )   PDF ( 2104494KB )   ( 799 ) In order to reduce agricultural non-point source pollution risk level and the regional ecological environment, improve the safety of the regional agro-ecological environment. In this study, the existing technical means of land consolidation projects based on a comprehensive integration, combined with agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control of the theory, design of ecological field pollution prevention and control of the engineering components of a regional agricultural pollution remediation project planning, and apply it to the areas of Taihu Lake, Jiangsu Province, a typical land remediation project. The results showed that: pollution prevention and control of field-based design, bearing design and pollution prevention and control vent area headworks design pollution prevention and control of the land remediation field pollution prevention and control of land remediation of existing engineering system engineering is a useful addition to the agricultural non-point source pollution have some role in prevention and control, improve the sustainable use of agricultural land in the region.

  Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation of Purple Soil Fertility in Chongqing City 2011, 27 (23):  238-247.  Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 1647494KB )   ( 860 ) The present experiment was conducted to study soil nutrient status of four kinds of purple soil that developed in Jurassic period Mesozoic era in Chongqing District by fuzzy synthetic estimation. The results showed that: the soil fertility in Chongqing District was at secondary level, among which 22.6% was better, 58.5% was middling and 18.9% was worse. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available manganese are low. Total phosphor, available phosphor, available potassium, available zinc and cation exchange capacity were at intermediate level. Total potassium, slowly release potassium, available cuprum were at rich level. And it was severely short of available boron. The main factors that decide the soil fertility were available nitrogen, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphor and available potassium. And the contribution rate of main factors were available nitrogen>organic matter>total nitrogen>available phosphor>available potassium.

  Evolution Tendency of Soil Microelements in Nanping Tobacco-growing Area 2011, 27 (23):  248-254.  Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 1590885KB )   ( 774 ) In order to fully find out the Nanping tobacco soil microelements and its evolution trend, scientific guidance tobacco balanced fertilization. Using Nanping plant smoke soil census data, analyzed the soil iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, chlorine nutrient status and evolution tendency, the result showed: the contents of Nanping plant smoke soil effective iron, copper, manganese and effective zinc, effective boron, water-soluble chlorine averaged (88.49±62.66) mg/kg, (26.11±19.08) mg/kg, (3.15±2.01) mg/kg, (2.55±1.42) mg/kg, (0.26±0.19) mg/kg, (20.22±17.22) mg/kg respectively. Various nutrients variation coefficient were more than 50%, belong to strong mutation. From the nutrient evolution tendency analysis, along with the kind of smoke fixed number of year for increased, soil of iron and manganese ability were tending to increased, and for copper, zinc, boron, chlorine ability was a trend to decrease. From the angle of soil conservation and high-quality tobacco production, we should attach importance to iron and manganese nutrition surplus and copper, zinc, boron, chlorine nutrition supply.

  The Change of Adding Aluminum Sulfate on Saline Alkali Soil’s Ion 2011, 27 (23):  255-258.  Abstract + ( 1138 )   PDF ( 1602636KB )   ( 803 ) In order to make better use of saline alkali soil, it should have better improvement. In this paper, effect of different concentrations of aluminum sulfate on soluble salts and pH value of the soil was studied through indoor simulation experiments. The results indicated that after a table 1 aluminum sulfate, Na+, CO32- and HCO3- contents of the soil solutions increased significantly, pH value of the soil solutions decreased significantly and properties of the soil had remarkable improvement. With the aluminum sulfate amount increasing, the soluble salt contents released from the soil particles increased, the salt contents in the soil reduced. Different density and washed times of aluminum sulfate influenced the outcome. At the same time, the improvement of physics –chemical properties of soda alkali-saline soils had created the good soil environment for the crops growth.

  Study on the Influence of Soil Salinity for the Growth of the Veliveria Zizanioides Introducted into KuiTun 2011, 27 (23):  259-264.  Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 1507295KB )   ( 851 ) Abstract：The author of this article had used six rank density solution which the NaCl solution mixes to the introduction cultivation on the homogeneity soil homogeneous ecotype variety fragrant root grass to carry on the irrigation, and observes its vegetal period front, through the tentative data statistical analysis, the different soil salinity to the fragrant root grass introduction survival rate, has divided the tiller rate, survives the winter fortunately survives rate, the biomass accumulation rate, as well as targets and so on chlorophyll content, root system length, root diameter and weight.Discovered the fragrant root grass has an adaptation scope to the soil salinity, suits the fragrant root grass in this scope the growth growth, will surpass this scope to be disadvantageous the fragrant root grass growth growth. And has established the soil salinity to the fragrant root grass growth growth influence vigor target and the model, the research indicated this method is may take, the research results are reliable, qualitative accurate, the quota is reasonable.

  The Research of Chlorophyll a Contents and Primary Production in the Weishan Lake in Spring 2010 2011, 27 (23):  265-268.  Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 1464724KB )   ( 1018 ) In April 2010, the content of chlorophyll a, primary production and their relationships with environmental factors were studied in the different portion of Weishan Lake. The results showed that average content of chlorophyll a was 6.29 μg/L; it showed that entryway portion>sea-route portion>breed portion. Average content of primary production was 188.67 mgC/(m3?d); and it showed that entryway portion>breed portion>sea-route portion. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to study the influence of environment factors to chlorophyll a and primary production, and the results showed that the Weishan Lake chlorophyll a content was significantly impacted by total nitrogen and total phosphorus; entryway portion chlorophyll a content was significantly impacted by total phosphorus. Weishan Lake primary production was significantly impacted by phosphorus content; and primary production in entryway portion was significantly impacted by total phosphorus and phosphate.

  The Characteristic of Climate Warming and Some Disaster Weather in Southeast Shanxi Province 2011, 27 (23):  269-275.  Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 1723838KB )   ( 945 ) In order to further study on some disaster weather variation under the background of climate warming of Shanxi southeastern regions, using the temperature data of 11 meteorological observation stations in southeast Shanxi during 1971-2010, the author analyzed the average annual temperature, obtained the fact of climate warming, the average annual temperature rise speed was 0.3℃/10 a. Then, the author compared year, season mean temperature with arid event, cold wave, high temperature days tendency evolution, drew the conclusion: the climate warming were the primary cause for the disaster weather mutation. Along with age average temperature's rise, the arid event times increased; along with the rise of annual temperature tendency, the cold wave times reduced, its speed reduced was 4.8 times/10 a, the autumn temperature rise caused the cold wave initial period postponed, the autumn temperature's rise speed was 0.23℃/10 a, the cold wave delay rate was 15 d/10 a; the spring temperature rise made the cold wave finishing period to be ahead of time, spring temperature rise speed was 0.3℃/10 a, cold wave advance speed was 10 d/10 a; The high temperature date number was consistent with the summer age temperature's change tendency, from the 80s, along with age temperature rise, the high temperature days increased obviously.

  Distribution and Propagation Features of Multi-time Scale Precipitation over Huaihe River Basin in the Summer of 2007 2011, 27 (23):  276-282.  Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 2259630KB )   ( 793 ) The research on the heavy rainfall causing the flood Huaihe River basin during May to August in 2007 was focused on, using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis day-to-day data, the distribution and propagation features of multi-time scale precipitation over Huaihe River basin in the summer of 2007 were investigated. Morlet wavelet analysis results showed that there existed periodic change phenomenon of precipitation in quasi-35 days, quasi-18 days and quasi-8 days oscillaation. Periodic low frequency precipitation of quasi-35 days was from southwest propagation to the south of Huaihe River basin, and on the other hand from northwest propagation to the south central Huai River Basin; it was aslo clear that Nanhai was the propagation source of low frequency precipitation. The more short period of precipitation, the propagation features was not obvious. It was a very good corresponding relation that between horizontal divergence balance of from 200 hPa with 850 hPa and precipitation, horizontal divergence balance>0 corresponding to precipitation area, and horizontal divergence balance<0 to no precipitation area. The propagation of precipitation was mainly accord to horizontal divergence balance. The between horizontal divergence balance of from 200 hPa with 850 hPa was predictor of multi-time scale precipitation.

  A Comparison and Dissection of Guizhou Rural Tourist Development Modes Based on the Differences Caused by Core Forces——Cases of Guizhou Tianlong Military Outpost, Langde Miao Village and Xijiang Miao Village 2011, 27 (23):  283-290.  Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 1592647KB )   ( 954 ) Guizhou is one of the earliest districts that develop the rural tourism in China. In the multitudinous rural tourist sites, because core forces caused differences, Guizhou Tianlong Military Outpost, Langde Miao Village and Xijiang Miao Village have formed three different kinds of rural tourist development modes, that is company-dominated mode, community-dominated mode and government-dominated mode, each of the three modes of which as the typical representatives of Guizhou rural tourist development possesses its unique features and its advantages and deserves concerning. This treatise conducted a synthetic comparison and a thorough dissection of the comprehensive effect and the cause of formation of the three different kinds of rural tourist development modes so as to provide the reference experience and theoretical guidance for China rural tourism development to promote a deep study of the rural tourism.

  The Comprehensive Evaluation of Tourism and Anlies of Effective Factors for Louguantai in Xi’an City 2011, 27 (23):  291-294.  Abstract + ( 974 )   PDF ( 1602969KB )   ( 984 ) The multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to estimate the scenic tourist attraction of evaluation of Louguantai in Xi’an City. The aim was to get a explicit idea of the tourist attraction of Louguantai and to analyze the influential factors, in order to realize the development trend of Louguantai in macroscopic view. Judging from the evaluation results, Louguantai had strong tourism attraction. The weak infrastructure construction and the inadequate promotion hinder its tourism attraction from rising further. To further enhance the tourist attraction of Louguantai, suggestion was put forward in this paper, such as strengthen the construction of scenic facilities, improve the management and service system, also need to increase the propaganda.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Tourism Climatic Resources in Yantai 2011, 27 (23):  295-300.  Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 1604672KB )   ( 1330 ) Yantai is a “China Excellent Tourism City”，with rich tourist resources. The climate in each region is very different because seashore, inland, hill and mountain cross. The assessment of climate conditions and tourism climatic resources provide evidence for travel development planning and choice of tourism time. Major climate factors were analyzed such as air temperature and relative humidity in Yantai. The results demonstrated that there were abundant sunshine and suitable climate in this region, that it was not dry and cold in winter and not wet and hot in summer. Based on the people comfort index, the best tourism period in Laizhou and Yantai urban districts were April, May and October, while it was May and October in rest region. There were 5 months of suitable climate for tourism in Laiyang and Zhaoyuan, 6 months in rest area. It was hot from July to August in Laizhou, Longkou and Zhaoyuan, so tourism was unsuitable. However, compared with intense heat in other area，it was cool and comfortable in Yantai, due to abundant natural bathing place, suitable humidity and sea breeze, and human body's comfortable degree in Yanai was even higher than that in Qingdao. In the sight of tourism for spending summer, optimal tourism period was July and August in Yantai. Because of the cold weather from December to February next year, human body felt uncomfortable and tourism activity was unsuitable to be developed.