Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.31 Published:05 November 2012

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  Review on the Models of Mechanical Mechanism of Soil Reinforcement by Plant Roots 2012, 28 (31):  1-6.  Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 761194KB )   ( 1028 ) Because of advantages in stabilizing slopes and protecting ecology and environment, soil reinforcement and slope protection by plants are widely used in slope protection measures. The mechanical effects of soil reinforcement and slope protection by plants mainly reflected on roots, including reinforcing effects of shallow roots and anchoring effects of deep roots. So models of root reinforcement are basic and important for revealing the mechanism of slope protection by plants. On the basis of analyzing the mechanism of root reinforcement, three models of root reinforcement: Wu’s model, energy approach model and fiber bundle model were discussed, including preconditions, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the models. Finally, the direction and the development of root reinforcement model in the future were predicted. These models were theoretical promotion of mechanical mechanism of root reinforcement. They can provide basic theory for slope protection by plants and scientific guide for slope protection with vegetation measures.

  Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of a Membrane-bound NAC Transcription Factor Gene HbNTL1 from Hevea brasiliensis 2012, 28 (31):  7-14.  Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 2369524KB )   ( 905 ) The NAC (NAM, ATAF1, -2, and CUC2) gene family encodes a large family of plant-specific transcription factors that play diverse roles in plant development and stress regulation. Membrane-bound NAC transcription factors are a group of NAC transcription factors with transmembrane domain. In this study, the sequence of a membrane-bound NAC transcription factor, HbNTL1 was cloned from cDNA and genomic DNA based on the EST sequence of NAC isolated from the cDNA libraries of Hevea brasiliensis latex. Bioinformatics analysis shows that HbNTL1 contained 6 exons and 5 introns within the genomic DNA sequence and have an open reading frame of 1704 bp encoding a protein with 567 amino acids. The estimated molecular mass isoelectric point of HbNTL1 was 62.52 kDa and 4.62 respectively. There was a conserved NAC domain in the N-terminus and transmembrane domain (TM) in the highly divergent C-terminus. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that HbNTL1 was a member of NAC transcription factor family belonging to NAC2 subgroup and probably play key roles in the development and stress responses in rubber tree.

  Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation using embryogenic suspension cultures in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Mu?ll. Arg) 2012, 28 (31):  15-20.  Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 1285354KB )   ( 859 ) In order to establish transformation system based on embryogenic suspension cultures in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Mu?ll. Arg), cell aggregates from embryogenic suspension cultures were co-cultivated with the A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring a binary vector pCAMBIA1301 with gusA and hpt II genes. Effect of co-cultivation time and A. tumefaciens concentration on transient expression of gusA was examined by GUS assay. The sensitivity of cell aggregates to hygromycin (Hyg) added to the medium was also tested in order to determine the optimal concentration of this antibiotic in the selective medium. The results suggested that 3 days was an optimal co-cultivation time, a desired OD600 of strain EHA105 was 0.4-0.6, and 15 mg/L concentration of Hyg was found to be enough to inhibit the growth of cell aggregates. A total of 53 Hyg-resistant embryogenic calli were obtained after transformation and co-cultivation. At last, 7 somatic embryos were further formed. GUS assay and PCR analysis indicated that gusA had been integrated into the genome of rubber tree. In all, this study laid the groundwork for efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation using embryogenic suspension cultures in rubber tree.

  Screening of A BIBAC Library of Jatropha L.Curcas Using Chloroplast omega-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase and Bioinformatics Analysis 2012, 28 (31):  21-28.  Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 3294131KB )   ( 803 ) The goal of this research is to establish a fast way to identify positive clones from Jatropha BIBAC library and bioinformatics analysis of chloroplast ?-3 fatty acid desaturase. Screening of a BIBAC library of Jatropha L. Curcas using high-density clone filters with overgo designed from chloroplast ?-3 fatty acid desaturase, one positive clone was found and sequenced, the sequence of nucleic acid and protein were analyzed by bioinformatics software, respectively. The sequencing result suggested the nucleotide sequences of this positive clone showed 99% identity to chloroplast ?-3 fatty acid desaturase (JcFAD7), which confirmed the fact that this clone contains gene chloroplast ?-3 fatty acid desaturase. Jatropha chloroplast ?-3 fatty acid desaturase was 2655 bp, consisting of 8 exons and 7 introns, and could be translated into 525 amino acids. The bioinformatics analysis result showed that JcFAD7 was hydrophilic with no leader peptides, α-helixs and random coils were dominant elements in secondary structure and it contained two trans-membrance sections. This research not only confirmed the utility of finding a gene by screening a large-insert genome library, but also found a way to locate interested gene in Jatropha BIBAC library and bioinformatics analysis of chloroplast ?-3 fatty acid desaturase.

  Antioxidant Activity and Properties of Extracts from Liriodendron chinense 2012, 28 (31):  29-35.  Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 849198KB )   ( 747 ) The objective of this study was to select the optimal microwave extracting technology of antioxidant from Liriodendron chinense, and develop an applicable antioxidant. With the antioxidantion of linoleic acid as a reference, the conditions of extracting antioxidant from Liriodendron chinense were studied through single factors experiments and orthogonal experiment. Effects of pH value and heat treatment on the antioxidant activity of extracts were investigated. The activity of extracts as an antioxidant in lard and vegetable oil was examined. The results showed that the optimal extracting conditions for the antioxidant of liriodendron chinense were as follows: ethanol 75%, solid-liquid radio 1:12, extraction time 5 min, microwave power 210 W. Heat treatment significantly influenced the antioxidant activity of extracts, but pH values did not. The antioxidantion of extracts was obvious in lard. With the concentration of the extract increasing, the yield of hydroperoxide decreased. VE and citric acid had synergistic effect on antioxidant activity of extracts from Liriodendron chinense. The synergistic effect of citric acid was stronger than VE, and the synergistic effect of VC was not significant.

  The effect of sodium nitrite and arginine on the biosynthesis of nitric oxide and triterpenoid in birch (Betula platyphylla Suk) suspension cells 2012, 28 (31):  36-40.  Abstract + ( 1054 )   PDF ( 774974KB )   ( 924 ) The aim was to analyze the relation of nitric oxide (NO) and triterpenoid production. Sodium nitrite and arginine were added in the eight-day-old birch suspension cell culture, the change of triterpene content and NO content were analyzed by chemical colorimetry and fluorescence microscopy. NO and triterpenoid content were increased by 500 μg/L and 100 μg/L sodium nitrite and arginine, and the higher increasing was induced by 500 μg/L sodium nitrite and arginine. The content of NO and triterpenoid in birch cells induced by 500 μg/L sodium nitrite was higher than that of 500 μg/L arginine, the increasing rate of triterpenoid was 1.5 times. Inhibitor of NaN3 and L-NAME decreased the effect of sodium nitrite and arginine on the biosynthesis of NO and triterpenoid, the content of NO and triterpenoid were near to the level of control. These results preliminary indicated that NR and NOS were involved in triterpenoids biosynthesis in birch suspension culture, and NR may be play an important role in triterpenoids biosynthesis.

  Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Chorisia speciosa and Other Three Tree Species Seedlings 2012, 28 (31):  41-45.  Abstract + ( 917 )   PDF ( 618179KB )   ( 828 ) In order to explore the effects of different nitrogen levels on the growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Chorisia speciosa and other three species seedlings, the exponential fertilization method was used on four species seedlings fertilization experiment. The results showed that: (1) seedling growth with different nitrogen treatments was significantly different, biomass and seedling height was influenced significantly by nitrogen, the change of ground diameter was minimum. (2) Photosynthetic physiological characteristics with different nitrogen treatments had significant differences, net photosynthetic rate of Chorisia speciosa first increased and then decreased, stomatal conductance and intercellar CO2 concentration first decreased and then increased and then decreased again, transpiration rate first increased and then decreased twice with the increase of nitrogen supply. Net photosynthetic rate, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of other three tree species first increased and then decreased twice with the increase of nitrogen supply.

  Soil and Water Conservation Functions of Azadirachta indica×Melia azedarach Plantation at Different Ages 2012, 28 (31):  46-50.  Abstract + ( 839 )   PDF ( 646356KB )   ( 811 ) In order to evaluate the effect of forest age of Azadirachta indica×Melia azedarach (hybrid neem tree) plantation on soil and water conservation function, soil water-holding capacity, infiltration capacity and erosion resistance of hybrid neem plantation in different ages were studied. The results showed that soil pore structure, soil water-holding capacity, infiltration capacity, and soil erosion resistance increased with the increase of hybrid neem stand age, soil and water conservation function was further enhanced. Soil water-holding capacity, infiltration capacity, and soil erosion resistance were not significant difference between 3-year-old and 1-year-old hybrid neem stands, however, these variables of the 5-year-old hybrid neem stand were significantly higher than that of 1-year-old and 3-year-old stands. Compared to 1-year-old stand, maximal soil water-holding capacity, total porosity, non-capillary porosity, the average infiltration rate and water stability index of the 5-year-old hybrid neem stand increased by 18.6%, 11.4%, 19.8%, 45% and 30.1%, respectively. Hence, the cultivation of hybrid neem could improve the function of soil and water conservation in the short term, and it was suitable to plant in the hilly region.

  Study on Estimation of Forest Biomass and Carbon Storage of Shanxi Province LU Jinlun 2012, 28 (31):  51-56.  Abstract + ( 984 )   PDF ( 595595KB )   ( 864 ) In order to acquire the forest biomass and carbon storage of Shanxi Province and analyze its dynamic change trend, based on the data from the continuous forest inventories (CFI) in 1994, 1999, 2000, 2005 and 2010, combined with the carbon conversion coefficient method, it was estimated with the variable biomass expansion factor function (variable BEFF) method that was derived from the relationship between biomass and volume. The results showed that the total forest biomass of Shanxi Province increased 12441.15×104 t from 7104.85×104 t, respectively. The average total forest biomass increased 266.82×104 t, and its average annual growth was 3.76%. The average unit area biomass of forest increased from 31.7400 t/hm2 to 47.6307 t/hm2, respectively, and its average annual growth was 0.5297 t/hm2; also, the provincial carbon storage became from 3544.61×104 t to 6206.89×104 t, and forest carbon density from 15.8348 t/hm2 to 23.7630 t/hm2. Although the provincial carbon storage and forest carbon density were thus characterized with increasing, both unit area biomass and carbon storage were far lower than the national average level, and the average carbon density was far lower than the national average (44.91 t/hm2), and also the national average level (86 t/hm2). The provincial forest quality was still low and growth was poorer, it should be to improve forest management and give full play to land production potentiality.

  The Chemical Characteristics Analysis of Important Ancient Trees’ Soil in Different Regions of Beijing 2012, 28 (31):  57-60.  Abstract + ( 780 )   PDF ( 546384KB )   ( 673 ) In order to research the relationship between growth status of ancients and soil properties, the author analyzed the chemical characteristics of soils in different districts in Beijing. The representative ancient trees in Beijing are Pinus bungeanaas, Platycladus orientalis, Pinus tabulaeformis and Sophora japonica. The author analyzed 4 kinds of ancient soil pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 8 kinds of chemical properties by the field acquisition, laboratory test, data processing and calculation, respectively, in Ming Dynasty Tombs of Kim Wong Fen, the Fragrance Hill, Ming Dynasty Tombs of the Ming Dynasty and the North Second Ring Road region. This results showed that soil nutrient content were obvious different between 4 regions. The ancient trees in Ming Dynasty Tombs of Kim Wong Fen had barren condition of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The ancient trees in Ming Dynasty Tombs of the Ming Dynasty lacked of total phosphorus and available phosphorus too. This research provided effective data to support the next step for the rejuvenation of old trees.

  Studies on the Effects of Plant In-situ Intercept Heavy Metals in Soil Waste Residue and Configuration Mode in Lead-zinc Mining Area 2012, 28 (31):  61-64.  Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 637104KB )   ( 784 ) In order to study the effects of plant in-situ intercept heavy metals in soil waste residue and configuration mode in lLead-zinc mining area, both various of plant cultivation and the water sample in runoff plots were studied. The results of 3-year old plants suggested that Boehmeria nivea, Cortex Meliae and Broussonetia could reduce the load output of Pb in runoff water in abandoned tailings dam 9.04%-9.64%; Koelreuteria bipinnata, Broussonetia, Phragmites hirsute, Cortex Meliae and Robinia pseudoacacia L. could reduce the load output of Cd 67.0%-75.86%; Broussonetia, Festuca arundinacea, Robinia pseudoacacia L. Koelreuteria bipinnata, Phragmites hirsute, Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers and Miscanthus floridulu (Labnll.) Warb could reduce the load output of Cu 52.64%-70.97%; Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Ligustrum lucidum could reduce the load output of Zn 74.99%-78.35%. In heavy-metal polluted woodland, Robinia pseudoacacia L. could reduce the load output of Pb in runoff water 40.96%; Cortex Meliae could reduce the load output of Cd in runoff water 60.42%. The contents of Pb, Cd, As and Zn reduced 31.87%, 41.28%, 29.48%, 38.45% by the enrichment of Broussonetia, respectively and reduced 27.31%, 39.52%, 33.47%, 27.59% by the enrichment of Ligustrum lucidum, respectively in the tailings of lead-zinc mine. There are 2 mechanisms of plant in-situ intercept and restoration heavy metals. On one hand, the plants accumulated heavy metal in soils, on the other hand, the chemical forms of soil heavy metals changed which needed further study.

  The Study of Stomatal Conductance Estimation of Populus deltoids Bartr.×Populus ussuriensis Kom. by Infrared Thermography 2012, 28 (31):  65-70.  Abstract + ( 1143 )   PDF ( 1271246KB )   ( 689 ) In order to study the feasibility of stomatal conductance estimation by infrared thermography, poplar (Populus deltoids Bartr.×Populus ussuriensis Kom.) was used as a material, in comparison of the watering and drought group, were investigated by infrared imager to estimate the diurnal variation of stomata conductance Gs, and the change tendency based on the leaf energy balance equation. The results showed that: the stomatal conductance value features as bimodal curve both under the watering and drought condition, and the peak values of watering group reached 120 mmol/(m2?s), 70 mmol/(m2?s) in 10:00 and 14:00; and the drought group reached 80 mmol/(m2?s), 40 mmol/(m2?s); stomatal conductance in response to the temperature showed inverse trends; the estimated Gs with calculated Gs values were linearly related, and the correlation coefficients were 0.8678 and 0.8347 under well watered and drought status respectably; stomatal conductance index IG and the water stress index CWSI were in proportional or inverse trend to the estimated Gs. In conclusion, the infrared thermal imaging technology for the study of stomatal conductance was a fast, accurate and widely applicability method. Compared to traditional measurement by photosynthesis system, the use of infrared thermal imaging techniques was more convenient, accurate and widely practicality. This research laid a theoretical foundation for the future use of infrared thermal applies on the measurement of stomatal conductance.

  Study on the Population Competition and Niche of Magnolia multiflora Manmade Plants Community for Ecological Restoration 2012, 28 (31):  71-74.  Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 630596KB )   ( 752 ) In order to understand the growth status of Magnolia multiflora manmade plants community for ecological restoration at the slope engineering of the expressway from Changde to Jishou, based on the analysis of Hegyi single tree competition index model, Shannon-Wiener and Shoener formula, the population competition intensity and niche breadth and niche overlap of Magnolia multiflora manmade plants community were calculated. The results indicated that: the competitiveness of Magnolia multiflora had a positive correlation to DBH, and its competitive was bigger than Robinia pscudoacacia and Ligustrum quihou. The original Pinus massoniana had been dead. The value order of niche breadth was Magnolia multiflora>Robinia pscudoacacia>Ligustrum quihou, with the values of 2.271, 2.147, 2.088. The largest niche overlap was 0.793 between Magnolia multiflora and Robinia pscudoacacia; and the smallest was 0.632 between Magnolia multiflora and Ligustrum quihou. Magnolia multiflora could adapt to the slope environment, species being eliminated because weak competitiveness could not be mixing planted with Magnolia multiflora.

  The Influence of Biological Manure Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Camellia oleifera Abel. chenyongzhong CHEN 2012, 28 (31):  75-78.  Abstract + ( 1064 )   PDF ( 591192KB )   ( 873 ) In order to improve fertilization level of Camellia oleifera. By doing field fertilizer experiment, the role of different fertilizer treatments on the growth and yield of Camellia oleifera was studied in this paper. The results showed that，bio-organic fertilizer could significantly promote the growth of the young oil-tea, and the results were better than general organic fertilizer. Biological compound fertilizers also could significantly promote the growth of the young oil-tea, and the results were better than general compound fertilizers. The best fertilization amount was 0.1 kg per plant. Biological compound fertilizers could significantly promote the yield of tea-oil plantation. The best fertilization amount was 0.4 kg per plant. Fertilizating with compound of N-P2O5-K2O (12-4-4) was the best for the young oil-tea, but for the adult oil-tea, fertilizating with compound of N-P2O5-K2O (10-6.7-3.3) was the best.

  The Canopy Interception Characteristic Study of Phyllostachys praecox cv. Prevernalis Forest Returnedfrom Farmland in Spring 2012, 28 (31):  79-83.  Abstract + ( 921 )   PDF ( 824498KB )   ( 755 ) In the spring of 2012, the author carried out hydrological observation in different densities’ Phyllostachys praecox cv. Prevernalis forests returned from farmland, to research its canopy interception characteristic. The results showed precipitation outside the two Phyllostachys praecox cv. Prevernalis forests had an upwards parabolic relationship with stemflow and throughfall, and had a downwards parabolic relation with canopy interception. The rate of canopy interception of No. 1 sample plot [(15000±750) bamboos/hm2] with uniform distribution and high crown density (0.96) was 51.19%, and that was 38.04% in No. 2 sample plot [(22500±750) bamboos/hm2] with low evenness and crown density (0.85). The large difference between their canopy interceptions meant the large plasticity and improvement potential in such as structure and density of Phyllostachys praecox cv. Prevernalis forest, to improve its ecological hydrology effect.

  Study on the Distribution Patterns and Dynamics of Main Tree Population of Fagaceae Dominance in Tropical Montane Rain Forest in Hainan Island 2012, 28 (31):  84-90.  Abstract + ( 1131 )   PDF ( 815870KB )   ( 743 ) In order to understand the spacial distribution pattern and the dynamic changes of spacial distribution pattern of the major tree species in the Fagaceae dominance in tropical montane rain forest in Hainan island, people will better and roundly manage and protect the montane rain forest. In this plot, there were 8 major tree species. By method of variance/mean, the author found that Castanopsis hystrix, L. fenzelianus A. Camus and Sarcosperma laurinum were random distribution pattern and Castanopsis tonkinensis, Schefflera octophylla, Tarennoidea wallichii, Engelhardia roxburghiana and Meliosma angustifolia were cluster distribution pattern. By study on change of speices distrbution pattern, the author found that there were 5 change types of different grade species. Castanopsis hystrix, Castanopsis tonkinensis and Meliosma angustifolia belonged to the typeⅠ of Cluster-Random-Random; Schefflera octophylla belonged to the type Ⅱ of Cluster-Cluster-Random; Engelhardia roxburghiana belonged to the type Ⅲ of Random-Cluster-Cluster; Sarcosperma laurinum and L. fenzelianus A. Camus belonged to the type Ⅳ of Random-Random-Random; Tarennoidea wallichii belonged to the type Ⅴ of Random-Cluster-Random by the analysis of changes of these species distrbution patterns. These results showed that the different population had more differences in growth and development.

  The Research of Alien Invasive Plant in Beijing Songshan Nature Reserve 2012, 28 (31):  91-95.  Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 581940KB )   ( 871 ) In order to establish a long-term monitoring mechanism of exotic plants in Songshan Nature Reserve, the author conducted this stud, through the survey and the analysis of distribution and relative coverage of alien invasive plants in Songshan Nature Reserve, the results showed that 23 species of alien invasive plants were found, belonging to 12 families and 17 generas. Among them marijuana (Cannabis sativa), redroot amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus), day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) and scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) were more common. The road construction was the first factor, which influenced and promoted the distribution of alien plants. The next factor was the aspect. Research showed that the alien species population scale was not big and the adverse impact on the local ecological system was not obvious.

  Study on Quantity Measurement and Regional Distribution of Green Waste in Beijing Suburbs 2012, 28 (31):  96-101.  Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 647161KB )   ( 790 ) In order to speed up utilization and layout of gardens green waste in Beijing, moreover to reduce the pollution of environment and realize the resource recycling, the experiment was conducted by using 14 kinds of main species in Beijing to estimate the biomass model of trees and shrubs, moreover to estimate the amount of gardens green waste in Beijing suburbs in Jiufeng National Forest Park, West Hill Farm Pass Area, Xigou Village in Sihai Town of Yanqing, Daxing Farm. The results showed that, the amount of gardens green waste in Beijing suburbs was 406.395×104 t, which was distributing Miyun County, Huairou Area, Fangshan District and Yanqing County. According to the calculation tree species, trees produce garden green waste which was the most, economic forest was the second, and open and nursery was the less. Garden green waste which was produced by trees was mainly distributed in Yanqing County, Daxing Area and Huairou Area, the green waste from the trees around the village was mainly distributed in Fangshan District and Shunyi District and the green waste from economic forest was mainly distributed in Miyun County. The factors which influenced the amount of green waste were city garden tending clip rules, forest tending rules and cutting task, natural disasters. Scientific measurement of the amount of green waste was providing theoretical number to construct processing point, which was the starting point of using the green waste.

  The Research Progress on Beet Mosaic and Resistance of Germplasm in Sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) 2012, 28 (31):  102-108.  Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 912342KB )   ( 865 ) Beet mosaic is an aphid transmitted viral disease of sugar beet found worldwide, transmitted by many species of aphids in the non-persistent manner. Infected beets are sometimes stunted, young leaves often show vein-clearing; older leaves show a pronounced light and dark green mottle, and are often puckered. This paper concluded the situation of pathogen of Beet Mosaic Virus (BtMV) and germplasm resistance research, analyzed biological characteristics, genome and encoding protein structure function of BtMV pathogen, and studied the pathogen mediator and the virus replication mode; and also studied the structure and microscopic changes of BtMV inflected plants and leaves of sugar beet; summarized the detection methods for beet mosaic and the research progress of beet mosaic germplasm resistance and resistance reflection. This paper put forwards the thesis of further research on beet mosaic resistance, and made prospects on molecular mechanics of beet mosaic resistance and genetic engineering breeding. It could be helpful for the disease resistance investigation in agricultural production and shed some light for genetic engineering of disease resistance in beet breeding and cultivations.

  Research Progress on Control of Tomato Gray Mold 2012, 28 (31):  109-113.  Abstract + ( 1105 )   PDF ( 596525KB )   ( 1038 ) The gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a worldwide disease. The B.cinerea could infect a variety of crops, more serious on tomato especially. The occurrence, damage and control measures of B.cinerea, the research status of B.cinerea, and the prospects at home and abroad are reviewed.

  The Advance of Major Fungal Diseases Studies on Asparagus officinalis L. 2012, 28 (31):  114-119.  Abstract + ( 1058 )   PDF ( 794092KB )   ( 995 ) Asparagus officinalis L. is an important high nutrition vegetable worldwide. In present, fungal diseases were the one of the severe limiting factors for Asparagus officinalis L. production around the world. The major fungal diseases of Asparagus officinalis L. included stem blight, root rot, Fusarium wilt, and brown spot. Among them, asparagus stem blight was the most devastating disease worldwide, especially in China. The authors of the present paper reviewed the advances in the areas of the physiology characterization and pathogenicity of the major fungal pathogens of Asparagus officinalis L., the host resistance, the key prevent and control technologies, and a prospect for the future was made as well. The mechanism of fungi pathogenisis and host resistance should be strengthened, as was helpful for resistance molecular breeding of Asparagus officinalis L. in future.

  Comparative Trials of New Sugarcane Varieties Introduced from Australia 2012, 28 (31):  120-125.  Abstract + ( 812 )   PDF ( 583658KB )   ( 747 ) In order to research the characteristic performance of new sugarcane varieties introduced from Australia, variety comparative trials were carried out. According to the results from 2010-2011 variety comparative trials on paddy field in the test base of South China Agricultural University (located in Ningxi, Zengcheng City, Guangdong Province), including one plant cane and one ratoon cane, Q200B, Q189 and Q208 were the best of all eight trial varieties in comprehensive characters with early maturity or mid-early maturity, high sucrose content, stable cane yield, strong ratoon ability and good agronomic characters. The mean sucrose content in cane, from middle November to middle December, of the three varieties mentioned above were 14.53%, 15.11% and 14.23%, were lower 0.44%, higher 0.14% and lower 0.74% (absolute value) than those of ROC16 (CK1), respectively; were higher 0.03%, 0.61% and lower 0.27% (absolute value) than those of ROC22 (CK2), respectively. The mean cane yield and sugar yield of Q200B, Q189 and Q208 were 110829 kg/hm2, 105830 kg/hm2, 92674 kg/hm2 and 16110 kg/hm2, 15999 kg/hm2, 13186 kg/hm2, increased by 29.1%, 23.3%, 8.0% and 25.4%, 24.5%, 2.6% in comparison with the control variety ROC16, respectively; increased by 2.1%, declined by 4.3%, 7.2% and increased by 0.4%, declined by 0.2%, 17.8% in comparison with the other control variety ROC22, respectively. Q155 and Q151 were very early maturity, high sucrose content, but small and medium-sized stems, low cane yield. Q190 was a variety with high yield potential and better growth rate in the early growth stage, but late maturity and low sucrose content. Comprehensive characters of Q157 and Q96 were the worst in this trial. Intention to use of tested varieties has also been suggested in this paper.

  Study on Some Physiology Characters of Drought Stress Resistance of Paper-tube Seedlings in Sugarbeet 2012, 28 (31):  126-130.  Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 666918KB )   ( 703 ) To improve the level of paper-tube seedlings, the experiment was carried out to find out drought stress resistance of different paper-tube seedlings in sugarbeet, taking different treatment paper-tube seedling as material under drought, electrical conductivity, the soluble protein content, POD activity and the soluble sugar content were studied. The results showed that, electrical conductivity, activity of POD and the soluble sugar content was lower in stronger seedlings than those in week seedlings. The soluble protein content was higher in strong seedlings. The results indicated that, seedling-strengthening agent increased the content of soluble protein, and reduced the electrical conductivity and the soluble sugar content in leaves, so as to strengthen the rice seedling and reinforced it stress resistance. Through analysis, three indices, namely electrical conductivity, POD activity, u the soluble sugar content were screened, which had close relation to the drought resistance.

  Optimizaiton of IMP PCR System Applied in Tobacco 2012, 28 (31):  131-136.  Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 1882291KB )   ( 911 ) The amplification between two adjacent MITEs was called Inter-MITE polymorphism (IMP). To meet the demand of tobacco genetic analysis and establishment of stable IMP amplification method, the IMP PCR system was optimized using IRD primer. In this study, every major amplification parameter such as template, Mg2+, dNTP, rTaq concentration were optimized analysis by Li-cor 4300 system based on tobacco genome DNA. Result showed the optimized PCR-amplifications were performed in a 20 μL volume containing 70 ng template DNA, 2.0 mmol/L of MgCl2+, 0.2 mmol/L of dNTPs, 1.0 μmol/L of labeled primer and 1.5 units of rTaq DNA polymerase. The result demonstrates that the optimized IMP method is stable robust and can be effectively applied in Tobacco genetic diversity analysis.

  Detection on RRS1 gene of Bacterial wilt resistance from Arabidopsis in Tobacco for Homolog 2012, 28 (31):  137-140.  Abstract + ( 1067 )   PDF ( 810425KB )   ( 935 ) It is aimed to study and help for selecting the germplasm of the resistance gene of the tobacco ralstonia solanacearum in RRS1 gene. The investigation and selection was carried out in 2008, 2009 and 2011. Eighty tobacco germplasm resources were chosen in the world. The investigation to the index of ralstonia solanacearum in tobacco was carried out in the field. The nine pairs of specific primers were selected to screen for the RRS1 gene. Through the selection, the primer 6F-6R (5′-ATGAGAAAGAGGCTCGTCAA-3′ and 5′-ACCACAACCCTCAAGCAGTT-3′) was sure to pick out the available germplasm. Three germplasm of tobacco was selected for containing the specific amplified sequence of RRS1 for G28, K346 and LMAFC34. The specific sequences amplified by 6R-6F, were sequenced in 3 tobacco germplasm resources, and the homology of RRS1 cDNA was compared, these works established the base for assessing the homology of RRS1 gene.

  Establishment and Optimization of Black Pepper SRAP Reaction System 2012, 28 (31):  141-145.  Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 1377175KB )   ( 777 ) The conditions of SRAP-PCR reaction were optimized using the method of single-factor experiment respectively. The optimal ISSR-PCR amplification was established as follows: Each 20-μL PCR mixture consisted of 1.0 U Taq DNA polymerase (TaKaRa Biotechnology), 6X PCR buffer, 0.6 mM dNTP, 0.35 μM primer, 1.5 mM Mg2+, and 25-200 ng template DNA. Thermal cycling (Biometra T1 Thermocycle) started with 5 min at 94°C for initial denaturing, and 5 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 30 s at 35°C, and 45 s at 72°C, followed by 40 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 30 s at 4°C and 45 s at 72°C. The last cycle was followed by a 7-min extension at 72°C. Amplified products were analyzed on 2% (w/v) gels and visualized with the Vilber Gel Documentation System.

  Expression and antifreeze feature analysis of the Daucus carota and Tentbrio molitor fusion antifreeze protein (AFP) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana 2012, 28 (31):  146-152.  Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 781723KB )   ( 1042 ) Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are a family of proteins capable of protecting organisms from damage in freezing or sub-freezing conditions by controlling the growth of ice and inhibiting the recrystallization between ice granules, which are termed thermal hysteresis (TH) activity and recrystallization inhibition (RI) activity respectively. In comparison with the characteristic of high TH and low RI of fish AFPs and insect AFPs, antifreeze proteins of plants was low TH and high RI activity. In order to obtain antifreeze proteins with high TH and high RI activity, the complete cDNA of antifreeze protein genes (DcAFP and TmAFP) were cloned from Daucus carota and Tentbrio molitor. The two fusion antifreeze protein genes, Dc-TmAFP and Tm-DcAFP, were constructed series before and after by overlap extension PCR. The four genes were successfully transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and then the transgenic plants were cold treated. The frost-resistance of the transgenic plants was studied and analyzed. The results from statistical analysis of mortality and blade etiolation rate indicated that the AFPs had different functions which improved the cold resistance in many different ways. Hyperactive thermal hysteresis protein (THP) like TmAFP was a great help to depress the freezing point. However, when plant suffered from freeze injury a little longer, hyperactive ice re-crystallization inhibition protein (IRIP) like DcAFP kept stabilization of the fluid in the apoplast.

  Optimization of SDS-PAGE and Western-blot for Total Protein in Seedling Young Leaves of Lactuca sative L. 2012, 28 (31):  153-156.  Abstract + ( 935 )   PDF ( 997480KB )   ( 804 ) In order to establish a method SDS-PAGE and Western-blot suitable for heat shock protein study of Lactuca sative L., with leaves of Lactuca sative L. (W7) as material, we used improved TCA/Acetone method extracted leaf protein, compared protein separating effect in SDS gel in two different volt, obtained clear bands of HSP70 and rubisco using anti-body diluent stored 2 weeks at 4℃, optimized and preliminary established Western-blot experiment condition of heat shock protein of Lactuca sative L. young leaves.

  Effect of Salt Stress on Growth and Ions Absorption of Cichorium intybus L. cv. Commander 2012, 28 (31):  157-161.  Abstract + ( 985 )   PDF ( 727970KB )   ( 1315 ) In order to evaluate the effects of salt stress on the growth and the ion absorption and distribution of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ of Cichorium intybus L. cv. Commander, seedlings were treated with Hoagland solution supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl (70, 140, 210 and 280 mmol/L) for 15d followed by collection and determination of biomass, growth rate, the parameters of new leaves and mineral ions. The results showed that the growth rates of seedlings slowed down comparing with the control (P<0.05). The length, width, area and fresh weight of leaves were significantly decreased (P<0.05) with a significant enhance in group of 70 mmol/L (P<0.05). Na+ contents of root and leaf were significantly increased while K+ contents decreased, with significantly reduce in roots, and the K+/Na+ ratio of roots or leaves and Ca2+/Na+ ratio of leaves were significantly lower than the control, but Ca2+ content had no significant alterations. These results showed that salt stress caused the ionic imbalance of Cichorium intybus L. cv. Commander, and to promote the selective absorption of K+ and Ca2+ and energy consumption, so that plant growth was inhibited.

  Effect of Temperature on Growth and SOD, POD Activity of Grafted Tomato Seedlings 2012, 28 (31):  162-166.  Abstract + ( 924 )   PDF ( 803775KB )   ( 993 ) To explore the suitable temperature for grafted tomato seedlings, the growth situation and change of SOD, POD activity of grafted tomato seedlings under three treatments were studied. The results showed that, both the root and shoot of seedlings were inhibited and disordered root/stem ratio were observed under 20/17℃ condition. However, the total biomass of leggy seedlings were found in 30/27℃ treatment. Appropriate root/stem ration and strong stem as well as the highest SPAD readings were showed under 25/22℃ condition. Compared to 25/22℃ treatment, the readings of SPAD were reduced by 20% and 13% in 20/17℃ and 30/27℃ treatments, respectively. The activity of SOD of grafted seedlings under 20/17℃ and 30/27℃ were 237.58 U/(g?FW) and 254.39 U/(g?FW), 114 U/(g?FW) and 97.19 U/(g?FW) lower than those in 25/22℃ treatment, correspondingly. Relatively higher activity was observed under 30/27℃ situation, but the difference was insignificant. To sum up, the optimal temperature at day and night for grafted tomato seedlings are around 25℃ and 30℃.

  Effects of Streptomyces S506 on Growth and Cold Injury Physiology and Biochemistry of Tomato Seedlings under Cold Stress 2012, 28 (31):  167-171.  Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 652193KB )   ( 778 ) For clarifying the effects of Streptomyces S506 on growth, recovery rate of cold injury leaves and physiological and biochemical characteristics of tomato seedlings under 0℃ cold stress, root activity, leaf conductivity, MDA, proline, protective enzymes SOD and POD were determined with methods of α-naphthylamine, 0.6% thiobarbituric acid, guaiacyl phenol colorimetry, NBT light reduction, and sulfosalicylic acid extraction colorimetry respectively. The results shown that S506 could significantly improve the biomass of tomato seedlings, compared with control, the above and below ground fresh weight increased by 178.98% and 93.18% respectively. Root structure of tomato seedlings also improved, and the hair root number increased two times than control. The recovery rate of cold injury tomato seedlings treated by S506 is 93.48%, however control only 32.52%, root activities increased by 142.00%, proline content increased by 149.56% and SOD activity increased by 24.49%, and relative conductivity and MDA content were decreased by 60.33% and 79.26% respectively. The results indicated that Streptomyces S506 could significantly improve plant growth, as well as the cold stress resistance of tomato seedlings.

  Food Choice of Odontotermes formosanus to Juncao Dictyophora 2012, 28 (31):  172-174.  Abstract + ( 924 )   PDF ( 558890KB )   ( 1131 ) In order to evaluate the impact of Odontotermes formosanus to cultivation of Dictyophora. this study was performed to study the food choice of Odontotermes formosanus to 5 materials (Dictyophora, bamboo, Juncao meal, Juncao compost for Dictyophora, bamboo compost for Dictyophora) by the observation of the foraging behavior of this termite. The results showed that consumption rate of Juncao meal and bamboo were significantly higher than others’, and the consumption rate of Dictyophora was 0. Meanwhile the mud sheet area and mud sheet covering rate of Juncao meal and bamboo were significantly higher than others’ too. These all indicated that the volatile substances the mycelium and sporocarp of Dictyophora send out could inhibit termites’ feeding. And the harms of termites for Dictyophora were mainly damage of cultivation materials.

  The Analysis of the Nutritive Components Contents and Procyanidins in Different Kinds of Grape in Chongqing 2012, 28 (31):  181-185.  Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 752468KB )   ( 752 ) In order to choose the best comprehensive performance grape variety that most appropriate cultivated in Chongqing, the main grape variety ‘Michili’, ‘Kyoho’, ‘Summer Black’ and ‘Muscat Kyoho’ in Chongqing were chose as the materials, determining the physical parameters of the fruits, sugar, acid, vitamin C, soluble solids and procyanidins content to give the basis for species selection. According to the physical and chemical properties analysis, sugar content of ‘Kyoho’ was the highest, and ‘Muscat Kyoho’ had the lowest sugar content. Total acid content of ‘Michili’ was the highest, and ‘Muscat Kyoho’ was the lowest. Vitamin C content of ‘Summer Black’ was the highest, and ‘Michili’ was the lowest. Soluble solids content of ‘Summer Black’ was supreme, and ‘Kyoho’ was the lowest. The determination results of Procyanidins content in the four varieties showed that the procyanidins content was significant different, the procyanidins content of peel and juice was as follows: ‘Muscat Kyoho’>‘Summer Black’>‘Kyoho’>‘Michili’. The procyanidins content of seed was as follows: ‘Muscat Kyoho’>’Kyoho’>’Michili’, ‘Summer Black’ is non-nuclear varieties. The procyanidins content of different parts of the same breed is: seed>peel>pulp.

  Morphology and Behavior of Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama 2012, 28 (31):  186-190.  Abstract + ( 1033 )   PDF ( 2190868KB )   ( 1390 ) To differentiate nymphs and sexes of the Citrus Asian Psyllids (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, ACP in different life stages were examined for their morphological characteristics under Leica stereo microscopes. The examinations revealed that ACP eggs and 1st-5th instars nymphs were measured (0.253±0.011) mm, (0.304±0.022) mm, (0.46±0.035) mm, (0.675±0.022) mm,(1.038±0.004) mm, (1.563±0.004) mm in length, respectively. ACP adults were also characterized by figures in terms of their morphological characteristics. The adult behaviors of feeding, mating and oviposition were also described.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Dimocarpus longana Gour. from Western Guangdong by RAPD 2012, 28 (31):  191-195.  Abstract + ( 841 )   PDF ( 1042200KB )   ( 654 ) To protect and utilize germplasm resources of wild and cultivated Dimocarpus longana Gour., from west Guangdong, RAPD method was occupied to study the genetic diversity of five varieties. 14 primers of good repetition and stability were screened from tested 100 RAPD primers. Among the 70 polymorphic bands obtained from 14 selective primers, 42 (60%) were polymorphic. The cluster analysis results showed that the genetic diversity was low level among the five cultivars, while the genetic distance between wild longan and other four cultivars was relatively far, 0.07375 on average. The wild longan formed a clade by itself, while the remaining four formed the second clade in the system tree, which indicated that the phylogenetic relationships between wild longan and any one cultivar were relatively far. The ‘Shuangmamu’ and ‘Dawuyuan’ were clustered together as the sister group with 0.01236 of the genetic distance, which suggested the both might have the same origin or be very close relationship cultivars.

  Influencing Factors of ‘Biqi’ Myrica rubra’s Maturity Based on Grey Correlation Analysis 2012, 28 (31):  196-200.  Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 682397KB )   ( 653 ) In order to study the effect of meteorological factors on ‘Biqi’ Myrica rubra’s maturity, as Myrica rubra’s characteristic production and fruit quality analysis to provide reliable basis. By using grey correlation analysis, the correlation degree between ‘Biqi’ Myrica rubra’s maturity, including single fruit weight (appearance index), total soluble solids (flavor index) and edible rate (texture index) and meteorological factors, including mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and sunshine hours were studied. Results were as follows: correlation degree of single fruit weight with relative humidity was the biggest; climate factors of affecting on total soluble solids and edible rate were primarily temperature index; correlation degree of single fruit weight with relative humidity was more closely in addition to the middle ten days of June outside; correlation degree of total soluble solids with temperature index was the biggest, which was mean temperature in the middle ten days of May, mean maximum temperature in the last ten days of April, mean minimum temperature in the middle ten days of June; correlation degree of edible rate with temperature index was the biggest, which was mean temperature and mean maximum temperature in the first ten days of May, mean minimum temperature in the middle ten days of June. Meteorological factors affecting on ‘Biqi’ Myrica rubra’s Maturity, and effect of time period were different, therefore, corresponding measures were adopted in practice.

  Study on the Detoxification and Rapid Propagation of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. 2012, 28 (31):  201-205.  Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 629907KB )   ( 730 ) In this work, Lilium lancifolium bulbils with LSV viruses were used as experiment material. Stripping 0.2 mm size of the shoot apex after 36℃ pretreatment 10 d, then culturing them in MS+2.5 mg/L 6-BA+1.5 mg/L GA +0.5 mg/L NAA +0.1 g/L activated carbon +0.6% agar +3% sugar for bud induction, and detecting LSV virus using RT-PCR after a subculture, we found the virus-free rate to be 100%. The virus-free lily seedlings were put in MS +2.0 mg/L 6-BA +2.0 mg/L 2,4-D +0.1 mg/L NAA culture medium to induce callus and adventitious bud, induction rate 100%; in 1/2MS +2.5 mg/L 6-BA +0.2 mg/L NAA culture medium for differentiation and proliferation culture, proliferation multiples of Lilium lancifolium bulbils up to 4.31; in MS+1.2 mg/L NAA+0.5 g/L activated carbon culture medium for rooting, roots stout and branching vigorously, easy to survive after transplanting.

  Establishment and Application of RT- PCR for detection of Narcissus mosaic virus 2012, 28 (31):  206-210.  Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 669045KB )   ( 827 ) The aim was to establish a rapid molecular assay for detection of Narcissus mosaic virus (NMV). A pair of specific primers was designed according to the published nucleotide sequence of NMV. The cDNA was synthesized from the total RNA prepared from narcissus sample and then PCR was carried out. The specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and practical effect of detection were validated. The method could specifically amplify an expected 483 bp fragment from NMV-infected narcissus sample, but not from healthy narcissus sample. The results showed that the method had strong specificity, high sensitivity and good repeatability. The method was successfully used to detect NMV on narcissus samples from port. It was concluded that RT-PCR provided reliable technical support for detection of NMV in Narcissus.

  Effects of Different Substrate on the Growth of Cutting of Camellia japonica 2012, 28 (31):  211-214.  Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 563671KB )   ( 865 ) In order to study the effect of different substrate on the cutting growth of Camellia japonica, four different substrate S1 (river sand), S2 (yellow soil), S3(yellow soil: river sand =1:1) and S4 (yellow soil: river sand =2:1) were selected for cutting contrast test. The results showed that: the effect of S4 on cutting rooting was best, which had great fresh weight and biomass, and the average fresh weight reached 2.41 g/plant; S2 was best for growing of cutting seedlings, and it had great dry weight, the average reached 0.95 g/plant. Therefore, the suitable substrate for cutting of Camellia japonica was S4, followed by substrate S2, and they are suggested in production application.

  Effects of Soil Nutrients on Main Agronomic Traits and the Content of Achyranthes Bidentata Polysaccharides in Cyathula officinalis Kuan. 2012, 28 (31):  215-219.  Abstract + ( 767 )   PDF ( 638351KB )   ( 748 ) The aim was to provide a theoretical basis to improve the yield and the intrinsic quality of Cyathula officinalis. The paper tested the root weight, diameter, length and the content of ABPS of C. officinalis gathered from 10 different habitats of Ya’an in Sichuan Province. The nutrients of corresponding soil were also analyzed. By the statistical method of correlation analysis, the effects of soil nutrients on main agronomic traits and content of ABPS of C. officinalis Kuan were conducted. The root weight, root diameter, root length, content of ABPS all exhibited significant differences among C. officinalis from different habitats. All of corresponding soil showed high fertility level and the diversity of fertility were presented among different plots. The positive correlation between root length and the content of organic matter and total nitrogen were significant (P<0.05). There were no significant correlation between root weight, root diameter and the basic soil nutrients. Although the correlation coefficients between the content of total phosphorus and potassium and the content of ABPS were 0.5979 and 0.5232, respectively, it still did not reach significant level. The soil nutrients could affect the root length of C. officinalis significantly, and few on the content of ABPS.

  Bioinformatics Analysis of Squalene Synthase Coding Gene and Amino Acid Sequence in Ginsneg Genus 2012, 28 (31):  220-226.  Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 667619KB )   ( 808 ) Nine Panax ginseng genus squalene synthase in Genebank was analyzed in this article. Squalene synthase cDNA sequence and its encoded amino acid sequence, physicochemical properties, the signal peptide, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, subcellular localization, transmembrane topological structure, function domain and evolutional relationship were predicted by using bioinformatics methods. The result showed the similarity of ginseng squalene synthase nucleotide was 96.245%, and the sequence of amino acid shared 95.5% similarity on average. Furthermore, the main composition of 9 amino acid sequences of squalene synthase were alpha helix and random coil via secondary structure predicted. Nine ginseng species could be divided into two subtribes by phylogenetic tree analysis. The phylogenetic tree which included nine ginseng plants and other species of plants, animals, yeast showed they belong to different groups. By analyzing the biological characteristics of ginseng squalene synthase, it could provide theoretical reference for the squalene synthase gene cloning and genetic manipulation.

  Mechanism Analysis of Rehmannia glutinosa Continue Cropping Problems 2012, 28 (31):  227-230.  Abstract + ( 929 )   PDF ( 852554KB )   ( 959 ) This study aimed to study the relationship between allelopathic bacteria and Rehmannia glutinosa growth, and clarify the causes of R. glutinosa continuous cropping cbstacle by using soil microbial plate isolation technique and 16S rRNA gene analysis method. From 1 year R. glutinosa replanted soil, 19 strains of bacteria were extracted, two of which were identified to be Pseudomonas putida DH03 and Enterobacter amnigenus DH05. Strain DH03 and strain DH05 didn’t infect R. glutinosa leaves. However, their metabolites had toxic effects on both leaves and tubes of R. glutinosa, and were typical allelopathic bacteria. Meanwhile, constitutes of R. glutinosa had a positive effect on the growth of strain DH03 and strain DH05. Based on the interactive effects between allelopathic bacteria and R. glutinosa, the hypothesis was proposed on the allelopathic bacterial effect which had caused the R. glutinosa continuous cropping cbstacle. Allelopathy of allelopathic bacteria was one of the main factors that had caused R. glutinosa continuous cropping obstacle.

  Study on Allelopathy of Ferulaic acid on Codonopsis pilosula of Gansu authentic Chinese herbal medicine 2012, 28 (31):  231-236.  Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 1485233KB )   ( 602 ) This paper study on allelopathy of the phenolic acids of ferulic acid on Codonopsis pilosula of Gansu authentic Chinese herbal medicine, uses different phenolic acids to carry on seed and seedling of the Codonopsis pilosula, and to investigate the effects of the germination percentage, the nutrition growth and some physiological targets. The results showed that ferulic acid to inhibition receptor Codonopsis pilosula on the course of seed relative imbibition increase in the volume of water. With the increase in the concentration of ferulic acid, Codonopsis pilosula’s seed germination rate, germination index, primary embryonicroot length and hypocotyledonary length, seedling growth and the Codonopsis pilosula roots change of micronucleis and mitotic rate, there is the allelopathic sensitivity of different effects, it sensitivity of degree is different, most of bioassay results to reach the level of significant difference. It said that ferulic acid existence allelopathy on Codonopsis pilosula of Gansu authentic Chinese herbal medicine, all the level of high concentration of allelopathic effect expressed disincentive and low concentration effects of allelopathic were to promote.

  Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Application Methods on Sugarcane Growth 2012, 28 (31):  237-242.  Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 605838KB )   ( 802 ) In order to improve the utilization of nitrogen in the sugarcane. To the main local sugarcane varieties ROC22 as the experimental material. Set of three nitrogen fertilizer rate and three different application methods, studied the relationship between nitrogen and sugarcane growth by investigating sugarcane agronomic characters, yield, quality. The results showed that: increasing nitrogen could promote sugarcane tillering, elongation and thickening, increase sugarcane production. But the amount of increase in cane yield did not increase with increasing nitrogen. Urea application rate of 600 kg/hm2 had better increase in production. The sucrose content declined with increasing in nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer applied early could help sugarcane to jointing earlier, grow earlier, improve the cane yield. Nitrogen applied early was conducive to the accumulation of sucrose and improving cane quality. In low nitrogen and middle nitrogen, two application methods yield increased 5010 kg/hm2, 4600 kg/hm2 respectively, compared with three application methods. In high nitrogen, one application method yield increased 8175 kg/hm2 compared with three application methods. In low nitrogen and middle nitrogen, one application method, sucrose content increased 0.65 percentage points and 0.79 percentage points respectively, compared with three application methods. In high nitrogen, two application methods sucrose content increased 0.45 compared with three application method.

  Study on Technical of Reducing Tissue Culture Browning of Amorphophallus Konjac Bulbs 2012, 28 (31):  243-246.  Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 551303KB )   ( 637 ) Using Amorphophallus konjac bulbs as explants, the research studied method of reducing browning of explants in tissue culture process. By using MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L as the basic medium and the orthogonal experimental method to study the impact on browning with different agar concentrations, adsorbent and light, dark two kinds of different culture conditions. The results showed that the callus growth speed was enhanced and the browning of explants was under control in the combination of MS+ 6-BA 1 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L+ sugar 30 g/L+ agar 6 g/L+AC 0.5 g/L+PVP 0.05 g/L. It can make to reduce the browning rate of 38.3%, callus induction rate increased to 78.3%. The konjac bulbs explants the browning can be effectively controlled, which add a certain amount of activated carbon (AC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the culture medium and in the dark conditions, its callus can be promptly formed.

  Study on the Improvement of Cd Contaminated Soil by Different Soil Amelioration Materials in Vegetable Field 2012, 28 (31):  247-251.  Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 700607KB )   ( 723 ) A field experiment of Brassica chinensis, including two successive growing seasons, was conducted from October 2010 to December 2010 in Zhuzhou, in order to investigate effect of different soil amelioration materials on the remediation of Cd contaminated soil. The results showed that fresh weight of Brassica chinensis aboveground was no difference among three amelioration treatments. Compared to CK treatment, the soil pH increased significantly while DTPA-extracted Cd and the content of Cd of Brassicarapa aboveground reduced with lime treatment. The soil pH with was suitable for growing for Brassica rapa with calcium magnesium phosphate and manure treatment, however DTPA-extracted Cd and the content of Cd of Brassica chinensis aboveground had no difference among calcium magnesium phosphate, manure and CK treatments. Then, lime was available amelioration materials for Cd contaminated soil. Application rate of lime was no more than 13 t/hm2 in field. The aftereffect of lime treatment should be further studied in field condition.

  Study on Inoculation Methods and Condition of Clubroot in Brassica rapa chinensis 2012, 28 (31):  252-255.  Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 595814KB )   ( 707 ) Clubroot is a serious soilborne disease of cruciferous crops, the loss cause by the disease was above 10% of the total cultured area world-wide. And investigate the best inoculation method of the disease is important to develops the related or similar search. In this test, five kind inoculation methods, different seed pretreatment, different inoculation concentration and soil pH were measured. As the result, sealing the mixed hypnospore soil before inoculation could get higher disease index than not sealing the soil, and dipping seeds in hypnospore suspension before seeding in the sealed mixed hypnospore soil were more effective than other methods for induce pothogenesy. Contrast the result of the test under different inoculation condition, we found that dipping seed in sterile water 1 day before dipping in hypnospore suspension would reduce the inoculation effect, and the concentration of hypnospore was positive correlate with the disease incidence, the acid condition was fit to clubroot break out.

  Effect of Different N/K Ratio Topdressing During Harvesting Stage on Yield and Nutrient Quality of Cucumber in Solar Greenhouse 2012, 28 (31):  256-260.  Abstract + ( 798 )   PDF ( 692087KB )   ( 645 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization cucumber, and for formulating scientific cultivation technique and management measures to provide the reference. This experiment was made to analyze the effects of the different NK ratio on growth, yield and quality of cucumber in the greenhouse. The results showed that cucumber of plant nutrition that influenced to grow and produce quality had significant, four processing effects were obviously superior to that of the control processing effect, the effect that potash to appropriately increase the cucumber surveyed vegetative growth and improve production quality. Which N:K2O proportion to 1:1.8 works the best, to promote the growth of cucumber plants, to improve the speed of photosynthesis, and the cucumber of the best quality, the highest yield.

  Effects of Different Kinds of Antifreezes on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation of ‘Whangkeumbae’ Pear Fruitlet Under Low Temperature Stress 2012, 28 (31):  261-264.  Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 789870KB )   ( 712 ) In order to solve the economic loss to farmers caused by frost before or after pear blossom, the effects of 3 kinds of antifreezes treatments on the activities of POD and SOD, relative conductivity and MDA content of the ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear ovaries (fruitlets) under low temperature stress (temperature -2.9℃, time 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h) were studied. The results showed that: relative conductivity and MDA content of the fruitlets treated with different antifreezes were lower than that in the control via 1-4 h low temperature treatment; and the activities of POD and SOD in all the treatments increased rapidly and higher than that in the control. The data suggested that the tested antifreezes in this research could decrease the membrane lipid peroxidation level under low temperature stress, and the ‘PBO’ and ‘Tianda 2116’ showed much more effective work.

  Potential Risk Analysis and Quarantine Countermeasures of Carpomya veusuviana in Shaanxi Province 2012, 28 (31):  265-270.  Abstract + ( 843 )   PDF ( 628505KB )   ( 771 ) The ber fruit fly, Carpomya vesuviana Costa, was one of the most important quarantine pest causing considerable economic losses of jujube plant in the world. In order to assess the potential risk analysis (PRA) of C. vesuviana to different regions in Shaanxi Province and develop quarantine countermeasures, the PRA of this pest in the three geographic regions of Shaanxi Province were analyzed and assessed，according with international pest risk analysis methods, which based on distribution of the jujube plant in these regions. The results showed that the risk (R) values of the pest in north of Shaanxi, Guanzhong Region, south of Shaanxi were 2.239, 2.065 and 1.469, respectively. Therefore, the ber fruit fly was a highly dangerous pest in north of Shaanxi and Guanzhong region and a low dangerous pest in south of Shaanxi. In view of above results in three regions, the quarantine countermeasures were proposed to prevent introduction and spread invading of ber fuit fly in Shaanxi.

  Residue and Dissipation Dynamics of Spirodiclofen in Orange and Soil 2012, 28 (31):  271-276.  Abstract + ( 915 )   PDF ( 1140178KB )   ( 958 ) In order to evaluate environmental safety of spirodiclofen in orange and soil, establish the use standard in orange, the field trials on the dissipation and final residue of spirodiclofen were carried out in Changsha, Hangzhou during 2010-2011. The results showed that, the average recoveries of spirodiclofen from orange and soil sample at three spiked levels of 0.05 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, ranged from 82.2% to 110% with variation coefficient from 2.55% to 9.84%. Degradation dynamics of spirodiclofen based on first-order reaction dynamic equations in orange and soil, the half-lives of spirodiclofen were 3.43-8.33 days, 6.35-10.65 days. The final residue of spirodiclofen in peel, pulp and soil were not detected (<0.0035 mg/kg), not detected (<0.0035 mg/kg)-0.1978 mg/kg, not detected (<0.0035 mg/kg)-0.2401 mg/kg, lower than the provisions of maximum residue limit of 0.5 mg/kg in EU. According to application dosage and times of spirodiclofen for reference the maximum residue limits (0.5 mg/kg) by EU, orange was safe to eat after spirodiclofen being sprayed after 20 days.

  Comparison of Research Methods for Nitrate Uptake Kinetics of Banana 2012, 28 (31):  277-281.  Abstract + ( 797 )   PDF ( 618689KB )   ( 668 ) Determining for banana nitrate uptake kinetic more reasonable data treating method and parameter dimension, three data processing methods and three parameters expression dimensions were investigated by modified depletion method. The results indicated that, the kinetics parameters for nitrate uptake were changeable dependent upon data processing and dimension. Conclusion were draw that, method of Lineweaver-Burke (LB) was the best one with veracity among those data processing based on the values of R2, range of 0.918-0.988, got to 5% significant level. It was more reliable to the kinetic parameters when dimension was expressed as root dry weight or root fresh weight with 1% significant level, and Vmax and Km had consistent change trend.

  Preparation of the Tea Polyphenols by Resin Chromatography 2012, 28 (31):  282-287.  Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 954514KB )   ( 855 ) The aim of this study are to improve the utilization rate of resources in cheap tea, and to solve the prolem of using chloroform, ethyl acetate and other toxic organic solvent in tea polyphenols production process, which is easy to cause environmental pollution. With cheap tea as the raw material, adopting the safe edible ethanol and water solvent, the effect of static adsorption and de-sorption on tea polyphenols, catechins, and caffeine by BYX, HPD200A, HZ103, HZ841, NKA-9, PA, ADS17, XDA5, XDA7, NPS1, NPS2, HP20 resin. The BYX macro porous resin was screened from the twelve kinds of resins. The BYX macro porous resin was then applied for dynamic elution of tea polyphenols. The result showed that in the condition of 1400 mL BYX resin column, 37.5 g samples, 2 BV/h flowing velocity, 80% ethanol, 3 BV elution volume, the purity and yield of tea polyphenols could respectively reach to 98.36% and 19.56%, and the content of catechins and EGCG could respectively reach to 80.82%and 46.52%, however the content of caffeine was only 0.96%. The green preparation method of tea polyphenols was wieldy, safety and health. Any toxic organic solvents and harm pollutants were not used in all process, such as ethyl acetate, chloroform. It may provide one new way to green manufacturing producing high quality tea polyphenols.

  The Strategy to Promote the Development of Planting Industry of Pogostemon cablin in Guangdong Province 2012, 28 (31):  288-292.  Abstract + ( 1120 )   PDF ( 633547KB )   ( 763 ) To provide the basis for policy formulation and research of Pogostemon cablin breeding, the situation of the industry was investigated. The results showed that there was a problem that the production scale of P. cablin was being decreased gradually in four production regions in Guangdong Province, which were Yangjiang, Maoming, Zhanjiang and Zhaoqing regions. The problem was caused by jumbled germplasm resources, serious diseases and pests, extensive cultivation, unstable price and inadequate of government support. Considering the developing tendency of Southern Chinese Herbs, a strategy to promote the development of planting industry of P. cablin was suggested in this paper. The keys to promote the industry were of setting up a large base for P. cablin, making production plan by understanding the market volume, and resolving the problem of continuous cropping.

  Study of Urban Master Planning Under Ecology Concept 2012, 28 (31):  293-299.  Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 671859KB )   ( 615 ) Summarized development process and practice activity on field of urban planning inside and outside country under ecology concept, the paper pointed out three aspects of neglecting ecology: analyzing ecological bearing capacity, designing urban eco-pattern and positioning urban eco-industry, discussed the finite and elasticity of ecological bearing capacity, the application of ecological footprint on urban master planning, summed up five patterns of distribution of city Greenbelt on base of theory of pattern of landscape ecology and practice distribution of city Greenbelt, the distribution of city industry and common industry was discussed thoroughly.

  The Research of Cultural Landscape Heritage Protection and Development on Harbin 2012, 28 (31):  300-304.  Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 605921KB )   ( 667 ) Describes the concepts and categories of the cultural landscape heritage and the classification of the cultural landscape heritage of Harbin. Found the problems in heritage protection by searching large amounts of data and site visits, at the same time, proposed the heritage protection measures and obtained the "point" to "face" of the overall protection mode, "moderate development" protection mode, protected mode of the "brand", "Members of the public, a government third-party" protection mode and the "cultural landscape heritage declared "protected mode, hoping it can produce certain significance and application value to the protection and rational development of the cultural landscape heritage of Harbin.

  Urban Green Space System Planning Based on the Habitat Network Theory——A Case Study of Yuyao City in Zhejiang Province 2012, 28 (31):  305-310.  Abstract + ( 814 )   PDF ( 3250398KB )   ( 727 ) Urban green space can contain rich flora that contribute significantly to biodiversity. The connectivity provided by habitat network in urban green spaces offers both habitats and corridors that improve conservation of biodiversity. The conception and theory of habitat network was presented, the necessity of the habitat network construction in greens system was elaborated. With the case study of Yuyao City in Zhejiang Province, the isolation of native habitats due to urban sprawl threatens biodiversity conservation was analyzed. Base on the assessment the current green situation, the plan of the urban green system and the city center green system based on different range was researched in the case, and the method and strategies about the habitat network were elaborated, but helped to identify the relative significance of each green space and guide urban planning.

  On Landscape Plant Cultivation in Exterior Environment: A Case Study of the Urban Area of Yan'an 2012, 28 (31):  311-316.  Abstract + ( 786 )   PDF ( 1751249KB )   ( 831 ) Landscape plant cultivation in exterior environment is the key measure to improve the city construction and the ecological environment. In promoting the urban ecological taste, probe on the landscape plant cultivation in exterior environment provides some references for the city construction of similar type. Employing the landscape plant cultivation in exterior environment of Yan’an, this thesis put forward to some suggestions and countermeasures proper for the landscape plant cultivation in exterior environment of Yan’an city on the basis of the survey of the status and existing problems.