Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.4 Published:05 February 2012

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  Development and Characterization of EST-SSR Markers in Woody Plants 2012, 28 (4):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 586588KB )   ( 951 ) With the development of genomic and the applications of the high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques, many researches were reported about expressed sequence tag (EST) in plant fields, which lay the foundation for the development of EST markers. In recent years there were many studie about EST-SSR in forest tree. In precent review the development and characterization of EST-SSR markers for forest tree were discussed, including a general design step, characterization of EST-SSR markers. Some future in the development of EST markers is also mentioned.

  Research Progress of Biotechnology on Taxus chinensis var. mairei 2012, 28 (4):  8-12.  Abstract + ( 1201 )   PDF ( 574776KB )   ( 1064 ) Taxus chinensis var. Mairei is the precious species with values of medicine, wood and aesthetic enjoyment etc. from China. the status and progress about tissue culture, cell culture, molecular marker and genetic engineering from Taxus chinensis var. Mairei were mainly summarized. Furthermore, the problems of the biotechnology research and the key research were pointed out.

  The Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Physiological Characteristics and Triterpene Contents in Betula platyphylla Suk. 2012, 28 (4):  13-17.  Abstract + ( 878 )   PDF ( 760587KB )   ( 747 ) In order to study the effects of potassium fertilizer on the activities of defensive enzymes and triterpene accumulation in the leaves of birch which paved the way for establishing a cultivating system of birch to produce triterpene via potassium application. 3 doses of potassium fertilizer (KCl), 15 g, 10 g and 5 g were applied to 2-year seedlings. Then the content of triterpene and the activity of defensive enzymes were determined by a spectrophotometer. The results showed that potassium fertilizer raised the activity of SOD, CAT and POD to different extent, respectively. The content of soluble sugar within the leaves also rose. Among the three doses, the mediate one (5 g) brought the best effect to triterpene accumulation [up to 42.16 mg/(g?DW)]. Mediate potassium could effectively promote the accumulation of triterpene within the leaves of birch when were fertilized during the seasons for fast growing (from July to September in Harbin).

  Studies on the Separation and the Differentially Expressed Proteins of the Large and the Small Rubber Particles of Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) 2012, 28 (4):  18-23.  Abstract + ( 1263 )   PDF ( 1104899KB )   ( 917 ) In order to identify the differential expressed proteins between the small rubber particles (SRPs) and the large rubber particles (LRPs) in the latex of Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) and to unravel the molecular mechanisms of rubber biosynthesis, SRPs, LRPs and the total rubber particles were completely separated and purified from the fresh latex using differential centrifugation, and further detected through scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. One-dimensional SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that the protein profile of the LRPs was different with that of the SRPs, including the differentially expressed proteins with appropriate mass weight of 22.0 kDa, 24.5 kDa and 120 kDa, and so on. One protein expressed only on the SRPs, SRPP, was further identified using nano-LC MS/MS.The separation of LRPs and SRPs from the latex would facilitate both the identification of the differential expressed proteins between LRPs and SRPs, and the further investigation into the molecular mechanisms not only promote the biogenesis and the development, but also promote the rubber biosynthesis of the rubber particle of rubber trees.

  Effects of Different Hormone Combination on Callus Induction of Leaf Explant from Hevea Brasiliensis 2012, 28 (4):  24-27.  Abstract + ( 1010 )   PDF ( 1016037KB )   ( 822 ) To widen the explants source and promote the development of tissue culture technology of Hevea brasiliensis. The leaves from sterile seedlings of rubber tree as explants were induced to calla on media containing different concentrations and combinations of plant hormones. When the concentration of 6-BA was definite, the induction rate of callus was gradually improved with the increasing of NAA concentration. The rate was the highest, while the concentration of 6-BA reached 1.5 mg/L, and more than 1.5 mg/L, the rate was gradually declining. The results of different concentrations and combinations of KT and NAA showed that the calla induction rates of most media were less than ten percent, some were even zero. When NAA had the same concentration, the ability of callus induction from 6-BA was obviously superior to KT. The callus induction rate of leaf must depend on plant hormone in Hevea brasiliensis. The calla can not be induced when the media had no hormone or containing single hormone. The modified MS+1.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA was the most appropriate medium of callus induction rate from leaf, and the rate reached to 26.7%.

  Effect of Different Nursery Substrates on Container Seedlings Growth of Parashorea chinensis 2012, 28 (4):  28-31.  Abstract + ( 965 )   PDF ( 593999KB )   ( 853 ) In order to explore the technique of artificial cultivating and to select the best substrates for seedling culture of Parashorea chinensis, container-growing seedling cultivation used 4 substrates with different ratio of yellow soil, turf ash, coir pith, coarse sand and pearlite as testing materials and the effects of the cultivation medium on the seedling growth and quality of Parashorea chinensis were studied. The results indicated that the average seedling height, the basal diameter, the number of leaf, the leaf area per plant, the growth of root systems and the biomass per plant was significantly different among the different treatments of substrates. M3(50% yellow soil+30% turf ash +20% coir pith+ 3% Phosphate fertilizer) was the best suitable nursery substrate for seedling growing of Parashorea chinensis. The average seedling height, the basal diameter, the leaf area per plant and the biomass per plant of the seedlings under the M3 nursery substrate treatment increased by 19.41%, 14.69%, 45.56% and 48.26% respectively in comparison with the seedlings under the worst treatment. So the M3 nursery substrate was the ideal collocation for Parashorea chinensis and recommended for practical production.

  Effect of GA and MET on the Numbers of Male and Female Flowers of Corylus chinensis 2012, 28 (4):  32-35.  Abstract + ( 1083 )   PDF ( 571163KB )   ( 808 ) In order to solve the practice production of female and male flowers of improper proportion of hazelnut. As the hybrid hazel 84-254 (‘David’) grown in Changping of Beijing for the object of study, analysis of GA and MET two plant growth regulators on the impact of male and female flowers of hybrid hazel. According to the results of field trials in 2009-2010, use of SPSS 18.0 analysis of variance of data, we thought that: (1) GA had no significant effect on the number of female flower buds, significantly reducing the number of male inflorescence, increased the proportion of male to female; MET significantly reduced the number of female flower buds, had no significant effect on reducing the number of male inflorescence, reducing the proportion of male to female. (2)The distribution of male and female on the tree of hybrid hazel 84-254 (David), the number of female flower buds lower>middle>upper; the number of male inflorescence lower>upper>middle. The number of female flower buds and male inflorescence was not significant difference on various parts of the tree. As the trees GA and MET treated, the distribution of the number of female flower buds and male inflorescence on different part of it was not significant. For the annual twig on hybrid hazel 84-254 (‘David’), GA significantly inhibited the number of male inflorescence, increased the proportion of male to female. MET significantly reduced the number of female flower buds and reduce the proportion of male to female. The number of female flower buds and male inflorescence on ‘David’ was not significant difference on various parts of the tree.

  Leaf Area Characteristics of Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier CL. ‘zhonglin 46’ Trees in Shelterbelts 2012, 28 (4):  36-40.  Abstract + ( 1130 )   PDF ( 625902KB )   ( 834 ) Leaf area (LA) as an essential part of crown structure affects both the growth of forests and protective effects of shelterbelt. The variation in leaf area with position in the crown and with 4 ranks branch were investigated from 4-row 9-year-old Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier CL. ‘zhonglin 46’ shelterbelts in eastern plain of Henan. Allometric equations describing the leaf area of the entire crown were developed, and used to estimate shelterbelts leaf area. The results showed that leaf area were significantly influenced by the position in the crown. Leaf area in the middle was significantly higher than that in the upper and the lower of the crown, and increased significantly from the interior to the exterior of the crown. There were significant differences among branch classes. Leaf area from 5 ranks branch followed the sequence: secondary shoots>third shoots>primary branch>fourth shoots>fifth shoots. Stem diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), crown length (CL) and their compound indexes were all reliable predictors of leaf area at the tree level. In contrast, it was more convenient to apply DBH to predict leaf area at the tree-level.

  Study on Three Elastic Constants of Castanopsis hystrix 2012, 28 (4):  41-45.  Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 951279KB )   ( 935 ) In order to get 3 elastic constants (longitudinal direction L, tangential direction T and radial direction R) and poisson’s ratios of Castanopsis hystrix by experimental research, so that the elastic deformation properties of Castanopsis hystrix were obtained for further study on the physical and mechanical properties of wood and for the theory basis on design of wood structure. Strain gauges were acted as the deformation sensor. Using uniaxial compression and measuring strain by resistance strain gauge, then it could be obtained the elastic modulus and poisson’s ratios of Castanopsis hystrix. The results showed that 3 main directions of the elastic modulus were EL=9352 MPa, ET=573 MPa, ER=1727 MPa, 3 principal directions of 6 poisson’s ratios were μLT=0.616, μLR=0.457, μTL=0.038, μTR=0.282, μRT=0.785, μRL=0.067. Longitudinal elastic modulus was maximum, then radial elastic modulus followed, and tangential elastic modulus was minimum. Tangential poisson’s ratio was the maximum, then radial poisson’s ratio followed, and vertical poisson’s ratio was minimum.

  The Study of Soil Microorganisms, Enzymes and Nutrient Under Secondary Succession Forest Communities in Jinyun Mountain 2012, 28 (4):  46-50.  Abstract + ( 1186 )   PDF ( 589293KB )   ( 886 ) In order to provide basic information for the protection of natural forest in area and the ecological construction in the Three Gorges reservoir area, the author studied the variations of soil micro-ecology and their relations under secondary succession forest communities in Jinyun Mountain. The changes of microbial biomass and enzyme activity of soil in different secondary succession stages (shrub grassland, coniferous forest, coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest) in Jinyun Mountain were analyzed by formal method. The results showed that: the number of soil microorganism followed the way of shrub grassland (131.52×104/g dry soil) ＞evergreen broad-leaved forest (116.65×104/g dry soil) ＞coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest (95.74×104/g dry soil)＞coniferous forest (67.68×104/g dry soil). The change of the soil enzymes and nutrient were similar with the number of soil microorganism. The number soil microorganisms and the enzyme activity were conspicuous pertinence with the soil nutrient under different succession forest communities. That suggested the soil microbial characteristics were quite different among stages, and the soil microorganisms and the enzyme activity had close relationship with the soil nutrient under secondary succession forest communities in Jinyun Mountain.

  Spectral Reflectance Feature in Canopy of Pinus massoniana Cercospora Needle Blight and Severity Level Inversion 2012, 28 (4):  51-57.  Abstract + ( 1049 )   PDF ( 991216KB )   ( 918 ) In order to monitor Pestalotiopsis funerea desm fast, accurately and extensively and promote application of hyper-spectral remote sensing in monitoring forest diseases and insect pests, through high spectral data in different severity of P. funerea desm, relevant analysis was performed among canopy spectrum, first derivative data and the disease severity data, the inversion models of the P. funerea desm severity were built by single variable linear regression and multivariate stepwise regression techniques. The results showed that with the increase of severity level, the canopy reflectivity in visible region enhanced gradually, but the reflectivity in near infrared region weakened gently, and the greatest change in the region of 680-780 occurred. There was a significant linear relationship between the disease severity and the red edge feature parameters, and the multivariate stepwise regression model established by using the red edge feature parameters as independent variables was better than the single-variable linear model inversing severity level of the P. funerea desm. The fitting R2, forecasting R2 and RMSE was 0.815, 0.778 and 0.053 respectively, which showed that the red edge feature parameters had excellent indication function on severity level.

  The Study on Semi-lethal High Temperature and Heat Tolerance of Four Camellia oleifera Abel Clones 2012, 28 (4):  58-61.  Abstract + ( 1260 )   PDF ( 571285KB )   ( 999 ) To detect the adaptability difference under high temperature of different Camellia oleifera species, as well as provide a theoretical basis for high temperature and highlight area, annual leaf segments of four Camellia oleifera clones (‘CenRuan 2’, ‘CenRuan 3’, ‘CenRuan 22’ and ‘CenRuan 24’) were used to study the heat tolerance by electrical conductivity method. The results showed that with the rise of treated temperature, cell hurt rate of leaf segments from four clone Camellia species was increased with trend of “slow-fast-slow”, showed typical “S” curve, the significance test of which was fit Logistic equation. The semi-lethal high temperature LT50 which calculated from “S” model curve break point of four clone Camellia species was exceed 50.0℃, which indicated that all four species had certain adaptability. Among them, LT50 of ‘CenRuan 3’ was highest (58.5℃). LT50 of ‘CenRuan 2’ was lowest (53.1℃). The heat resistance of the four oil-tea Camellia species followed the order: ‘CenRuan 3’>‘CenRuan 22’>‘CenRuan 24’>‘CenRuan 2’, respectively.

  Species Diversity of Plant Communities Around Core Area of Yuanyang Terrace 2012, 28 (4):  62-68.  Abstract + ( 1234 )   PDF ( 750211KB )   ( 787 ) In order to understand the species structure and diversity of vegetation communities around core area of Yuanyang terrace, reveal the characteristics of the forest community’s structure and diversity, provide the basis for protection and rational use of plant communities around core area of Yuanyang terrace, the relationships between species diversities in different plant communities in Yuanyang County were studied with richness index, Shannon-Weiner index, Simpson index, evenness index and ecological dominance. The results showed that: (1) some 91 species were in herb layer, 67 species in shrub layer and 42 species in tree layer. The highest species diversity index, which was Shannon-Wiener index 0.82, Simpson index 0.98 and evenness index 0.18, was observed in herb layer; The lowest species diversity parameters, which was Shannon-Weiner index 0.32, Simpson index 0.87 and evenness index 0.08, was observed in shrub layer; (2) In 14 plant communities, the highest species diversity parameters, which was Shannon-Wiener index 1.38, Simpson index 0.92 and evenness index 0.36, was observed in Neolitzea chuii Merr.-Schima superba Gardn et Champ community; the lowest species diversity parameters, which was Shannon-Weiner index 0.42, Simpson index 0.37 and evenness index 0.16, was observed in Pinus yunnanensis Franch. community. The order of species diversity parameters was broad-leaved forest community>tea garden community>grassland community>coniferous forest community; (3) Plant diversity index first increased and then decreased with elevation gradient. The maximum plant diversity index appeared approximately in elevation 1850 m. It was suggested that plant diversity index could be predicted by the mid-domain effect (MDE).

  Advances in Technology for the Mutagenesis Breeding in vitro and Application in Lily Breeding 2012, 28 (4):  69-73.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 605441KB )   ( 702 ) The mutagenesis breeding in vitro of plants has been widely used in the screening of disease resistance, top quality，high yield of new germplasm. In this paper, the overview of somaclonal variation in plant were briefly introduced, the method of selection，detection on variation，the development and current status and the application in lily of the mutagenesis breeding in vitro were summarized. The superiority of the technology for mutagenesis in vitro and the application perspective of breeding for disease resistance in lily were analyzed.

  A Review of Progress in Carya illinoensis 2012, 28 (4):  74-78.  Abstract + ( 1481 )   PDF ( 541392KB )   ( 1083 ) In this paper, domestic and international research in recent 30 years on pecan including plant growth substance, genetic diversity and species identification, chemical constituents and utilization were reviewed. The author introduced the role of plant growth substance in exocarp cracking and its dynamic pattern, summarized the use of three genetic diversity analyses and species identification methods in pecan-the biological character identification, isozymes and molecular markers, summarized the research about antioxidants, protein, grease and other chemical components in pecan and their dynamic pattern, and the research frontier of pecan utilization. We thought learning of the advance research achievement was important. At the same time, research and development of suitable domestic cultivated variety and excellent plant of pecan was also crucial to pecan industry development.

  Research Evolution, Progress and Forecast on the Occurrence and Integrated Control of Maruca vitrata Fabricius in China Luo Qing-Huai 2012, 28 (4):  79-88.  Abstract + ( 1227 )   PDF ( 769487KB )   ( 892 ) Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Maruca testulalis Geyer) is the most important that distributed whole China. The author narrated briefly the research or study history of the insect pest, summed up and commented on its main host plants, generation quantity a year, developing rate of different stage or stadium and habit in China, recounted the change and development of thinking mode and control methods in China. Some controversial problems were analyzed and depicted. Through analysis, (1) the strong phototaxis of the bean pod borer was affirmed because it can stand steadily on glass or other smooth surface and not easy to fall into toxic bottle of black light lamp; (2) the pest can do damage to leguminous crops 24 months a year in Guangdong and Hainan areas, but it did not overwinter in most areas of China and moved gradually from north to south. By discussion, the research or study about Maruca vitrata Fabricius was forecasted and some IPM suggestions were given.

  Study on Flue-cured Tobacco Planting Soil Suitable Indicator of Chlorine in Nanping 2012, 28 (4):  89-97.  Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 985370KB )   ( 909 ) To explore appropriate indicators of soil chloride in Nanping tobacco-rice rotation areas, effects of chlorine level of tobacco-growing soil on chlorine content of tobacco plants and their distribution, dry matter accumulation and changes in soil chloride were investigated by the pot culture and field experiment. The results showed that: when the soil chlorine content >10 mg/kg, the tobacco plants chloride and chlorine soil were very significant linear positive correlation; When the soil chlorine content <10 mg/kg, soil chlorine pair tobacco plants chlorine less affected. With soil chlorine levels increased dry matter accumulation quantity was parabolic type, the tobacco plant of the chlorine absorption increased significantly, and more distributed to the leaves. Applying proper amount of chlorine to tobacco plants, potted after tobacco-rice rotation or flue-cured tobacco field after harvest, the soil arable layer consistent chlorine level has dropped, the amount of residual chlorine has nothing to do with the amount of chlorine applied; plow the soil and the heart, but with the applied chlorine and chlorine increased significantly increase. Fujian Nanping suitable chlorine content of tobacco planting soil indicator was 25-35 mg/kg. Average chlorine content in the soil (20.22±17.22) mg/kg of the status quo, use potassium chloride 22.5-69.3 kg/hm2, the flue-cured tobacco growing season soil chloride content to the appropriate level, to meet the high-quality tobacco production.

  Study on the Morphology and Density of the Glandular Hairs of the Flue-Cured Tobacco 2012, 28 (4):  98-103.  Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 690083KB )   ( 826 ) To investigate the regularity of morphology and density of the glandular hairs of different flue-cured tobacco varieties, this paper observed morphological characteristics of glandular hairs of seven kinds of the flue-cured tobacco by scanning electron microscope and optical microscope and made a research on quantity and distribution of glandular hairs. The results showed glandular hairs of the flue-cured tobacco included long trichomes and short ones according to the quantity of stalk cell, which short trichomes developed late with steady quantity and the secretary cells in the head was small with large amounts while long ones was dominate hairs on the surface of leaf. The trichome density on the down surface, which could more reflect the features of glandular hairs, was higher than the up surface for 7 kinds of flue-cured tobacco except ‘Longjiang 911’. Long trichomes which had a greater proportion of the glandular hairs had the biggest influence on the overall density of the trichomes, but the short’s contribution to the aroma of tobacco should not be neglected. The trichomes density between different flue-cured tobacco had certain characteristic, the average sequence of up surface and down surface of trichomes density was ‘Jiyan 7’> ‘Longjiang 915’> ‘Longjiang 851’> ‘K346’> ‘NC89’> ‘Longjiang 911’>‘CF978’.

  The Molecular Characteristics of Ogura Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Related Gene orf138 in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) 2012, 28 (4):  104-109.  Abstract + ( 1278 )   PDF ( 1411372KB )   ( 952 ) The objective was to study the mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) of cabbage. The orf138 gene fragment in cabbage CMS line was amplified based on specific primers designed according to radish orf138 gene sequence information. The upstream and downstream mitochondrion sequences of orf138 sterile line were identified by use of Tail-PCR technology. The results showed that a single PCR product about 300 bp was obtained in OguCMS cabbage line, while never in fertile maintainer lines and other types of cytoplasmic male sterility lines. Upstream and downstream flanking sequence of orf138 were aligned and resulted in a 1789 bp sequence. Bioinformatics analysis showed that this sequence was 417 bp orf138 including the complete sequence. Homology comparison showed that orf138 gene of cabbage, rapeseed and radish were highly conserved. The 3' flanking mitochondrion sequence of the orf138 in cabbage showed a complex sequence including trnfM, ORF125, ORF83. The research obtained an effective specific DNA marker Bo138300BF/R and illustrated the genome location of orf138 in cabbage mitochondrion. The results lay a good foundation for further study of cabbage OguCMS.

  Genetic Diversity of Brassica parachinensis Germplasm Revealed by SRAP Analysis 2012, 28 (4):  110-114.  Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 757596KB )   ( 992 ) In order to use the flowering Chinese cabbage germplasm appropiately and improve the efficiency of screening new varieties. In this paper, we analyzed the genetic diversity and relationship among 44 Brassica parachinensis germplasms by employing 27 SRAP primer combinations in order to provide reference for the genetic distances in Brassica parachinensis. The results showed that 418 amplified bands were obtained, among these germplasm ranged from 0.509 to 0.900 by software NTSYSpc2.1 based on SRAP results. The 44 Brassica parachinensis germplasm were divided into two groups on coefficient threshold of 0.638, among which two groups were clustered mainly according to color, and the first group included purple and red color cultivar while the other group included the green cultivar.

  Effect of Different Photoperiod on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings 2012, 28 (4):  115-119.  Abstract + ( 1057 )   PDF ( 744991KB )   ( 958 ) The aim was to study the effects of photoperiod on membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and other physiological indices in cucumber seedlings. The cucumber seedlings filled light 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 h at night were treated by 25℃ and 10℃ in order to study the effect of different photoperiod on cold resistance of cucumber seedlings. The results showed that: the chloroplast pigments content, soluble sugar and soluble protein content, CAT and POD activity in leaves of cucumber seedlings treated by 25℃ and 10℃, were increased with the fill light extension, but relative electrolytic leakage and MDA content decreased. Compared with 25℃, low temperature stress (10℃) reduced cucumber chloroplast pigment content, but increased relative electrolytic leakage , MDA, soluble sugar and soluble protein content, CAT and POD activity. The longer the photoperiod, the smaller the change ratio of chloroplast pigment content, relative electrolytic leakage and MDA content, the greater the change ratio of soluble sugar and soluble protein content, CAT and POD activity. Extending the illumination time could promote the accumulation of soluble protein and sugar, raise the activities of antioxidant enzymes, decrease the membrane lipid peroxidation and improve the cold resistance of cucumber seedlings.

  Antifungal Activity of the Crude Extracts of Solanum torvum Leaf against Pathogenic Fungi of Horticultural Crops 2012, 28 (4):  120-124.  Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 626338KB )   ( 733 ) In order to study possibility of Solanum torvum leaf against pathogenic fungi of horticultural crops as plant germicide, the crude extracts of wild eggplant Solanum torvum leaf were bioassayed. Use growth-rate and pendant-drop methods separately, to study antifungal activity of Solanum torvum leaf crude extracts on eight species fungal pathogens of horticultural crops mycelium growth and spore germination. The results showed that the Solanum torvum leaf crude extracts demonstrated significant antifungal activity; don’t determine spore germination Colletotrichum capsici. With extract concentration increased, bacteriostasic activity was enhanced. While tested at the concentration of 5 g/L, the extracts showed a certain degree of inhibition on mycelium growth and spore germination of all tested fungal pathogens, inhibition ratio both exceed 8.8%; while tested at concentration of 40 g/L, the inhibitory rate was at least 60%. The same concentration extract had different inhibitory action on different disease fungus. Virulence analysis results showed, extracts’ EC50 on mycelium growth of Colletotrichum capsici and Verticillium dahliae both under 10 g/L，their were 5.7577 and 7.6089 g/L respectively. On the whole, extract had more powerful inhibitory action on Verticillium dahliae and Colletotrichum capsici mycelium growth and spore germination, especially extract had more powerful inhibitory action on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelium growth. The extracts of Solanum torvum leaf had more powerful inhibitory action on several kinds of pathogenic fungi of horticultural crops, as plant germicide, extracts of Solanum torvum leaf had further study and develop value.

  Establishment and Optimization of AFLP Markers in Momordica charantia L. 2012, 28 (4):  125-130.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 1331031KB )   ( 909 ) For the study were provided the basis the genetic diversity, by comparing different enzyme cut method, set up and optimize the balsam pear AFLP reaction system, two kinds of AFLP reaction system with the different restriction enzyme combinations (TaqI/VspI and EcorI/MseI) were compared in Momordica charantia L.. The results show that the effect of EcorI/MseI enzymes is best one, polymorphic bands are clear and the augmentation signal strength are basically the same, 32 primers were screened preliminary with stable amplification and rich polymorphism. The most appropriate enzymes that cut method is the use of EcorI/MseI combination for double enzyme cut, through the repeat tests show that this system is stable and reliable, and can be used in the genetic diversity of Momordica charantia L..

  Correlation and Principal Component Analysis on the Major Agronomic Traits of Cucumber Varieties 2012, 28 (4):  131-134.  Abstract + ( 1275 )   PDF ( 511722KB )   ( 1265 ) The aim was to enhance the selection efficiency of major agronomic traits for cucumber breeds (strains) and to provide theoretical basis for the screening, renewal and high-yield cultivation of cucumber breeds. 10 cucumber quality varieties are adopted to conduct variation, correlation and principal component analyses on the major agronomic traits. The trait of nodes appearing in the first female flower represents the maximum variation coefficient of cucumbers which is 63.53%, and those with long internode distance have the minimum variation coefficient which is 4.45%. The seven traits, namely, the single melon weight, the number of yielded melons, the number of female flowers, the number of female flowers with nodes, melon-yielding rate, the length of fruits and the size of fruits are of positive correlation with the single plant yield, in which the single melon weight and the number of yielded melons are of extremely positive correlation with the single plant yield, while the height of plant, the internode distance and the nodes appearing in the first female flower are of negative correlation with correlate the single plant yield. From the principal component analysis, the accumulation contribution of the first 4 principal components is up to 93.8724%. A theoretical base for seed selection of self-bred line cucumber, cross set-making and match of high-yield quality variety is provided.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Weak Light Tolerance of Tomato Cultivars with Main Factor Analysis 2012, 28 (4):  135-140.  Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 767432KB )   ( 981 ) The aim was to screen the quantitative indices of tomato weak light tolerance and synthetically evaluate the weak light tolerance of the various tomato cultivars. Six tomato cultivars as experimental material were treated by light stress (50% and 25% of normal light density), then the 9 physiological indices were tested with spectrophotometer, and the weak light tolerance of the various tomato cultivars were evaluated with subordinate function analysis method of fuzzy mathematics. The contents of chlorophyll, MDA, proline and soluble protein, fruit setting percentage and average product per plant were determined, and the correlation analysis and main factor analysis of weak light tolerance coefficient of all the determination indices were analyzed. The results showed that the fruit setting rate and yield had significant correlation with other weak light tolerance indices. The tolerance of ‘Xinfen No.8’ and ‘Ginguan No.5’ were most stable for weak light stress. The mild light condition was suitable for ‘Fenduliren No.2’. ‘Yazhoufenhuang’ had the worst tolerance for weak light.

  Isolation of Trichoderma Viride and Their Control of Horticulture Pathogenic Fungi in Huaian 2012, 28 (4):  141-145.  Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 3332745KB )   ( 734 ) In order to choose environmental adaptability of Trichoderma species, and to study the effects of temperature on the inhibition of disease, Five Trichoderma viride were isolated from five soil of different condition. Three Trichoderma viride named HT-0902, HT-0903 and HT-0904 was screened. Three Trichoderma viride could parasitic pathogenic fungi of horticulture through enwind, infection etc, but the control efficiency was different among them. compared with BiaoKang, control efficiency of Trichoderma viride was slowed, but increased with time. Moreover, control efficiency of Trichoderma viride was markedly affected by temperature.

  Optimization for ISSR-PCR System of Cucumis melo L. Using Orthogonal Design 2012, 28 (4):  146-150.  Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 808326KB )   ( 977 ) In order to find out the optimal level of four factors of melon ISSR-PCR reaction and to determine the optimum reaction system within the shortest time this study was done. The genomic DNA of melon was extracted by CTAB method and DNA sample with high purity and good integrity was obtained. In this study orthogonal design with three levels of four factors was created by software MINTAB and the analysis of variance of PCR result was carried out by MINITAB. The results showed that the primer concentration was the greatest impact on the result of the PCR reaction, Taq DNA polymerase was minimal impact on the PCR result. By the use of multiple comparison between all pairs of level a better amplification system of ISSR PCR reaction was established: 1×PCR buffer, 100 ng templates DNA, 1U Taq DNA polymerase, 0.4 μmol/L primers, 0.1mmol/L dNTP in the total volume of 20 μL.

  Evaluations for Adaptation of Vegetable Soybean Cultivars from Different Geographical Origins 2012, 28 (4):  151-156.  Abstract + ( 1250 )   PDF ( 617699KB )   ( 812 ) Vegetable soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plays an very important role in regulating food structure and improving nutritional status, and thus its exploitation and utilization have been attached greet importance by people gradually. But less vegetable soybean varieties are adapted for Guangdong. Thus, twenty-one vegetable soybean varieties were evaluated for their vegetable performances, quality, pod color, number of normal pod, 100-seed fresh weight, pod length, pod width, fresh pod yield. The results showed that ‘Huachun4’, ‘Maodou2808’, ‘Zhexiandou7’, ‘Jiaoda133’, ‘Kfeng73-3’ and ‘AGS292’ were high quality and yield spring-grow varieties, and ‘Qixing1’, ‘Zhexiandou4’ and ‘Jiaoda02-89’ were high yield and quality spring-grow varieties. The performances of spring-grow varieties which were short youthhood were short growth days, small branches, low plant height. So we must breed new long youthhood varieties by backcross breeding with long youthhood ordinary varieties, all these new vegetable soybean varieties were the most important recurrent parent resources.

  The Analyses of Trace Elements Content among 18 Kinds Common Leguminous Green Manure of Orchard 2012, 28 (4):  157-162.  Abstract + ( 1543 )   PDF ( 695302KB )   ( 1533 ) 18 kinds common leguminous green manure of were analyzed their trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese, copper) content in order to find which kind of green manure was suit to supply trace elements to orchard. The results suggest that the element iron content was the most, the next were zinc and manganese, the least one was copper. Among the tested 18 kinds green manure, trace elements total contents of Stizolobium cochinchinesis was 1082 mg/kg and was the highest one; the highest content of iron element zinc element and copper element were all Stizolobium cochinchinesis and respective 870 mg/kg, 105 mg/kg and 26 mg/kg; the manganese element content of Vigna angularis was 120 mg/kg and was the highest one. The preliminary view of the study was that the most suitable green manure species that could supply trace elements to orchard was Stizolobium cochinchinesis, and the least one was Cicera L.

  Identification of Endophytic Bacterium Strain G23 and the Research of Its Inhibition to Some Phytopathogens 2012, 28 (4):  163-166.  Abstract + ( 1279 )   PDF ( 824350KB )   ( 779 ) One endophytic bacteria G23 strain which could significantly inhibit some Phytopath-ogenic fungi was isolated from xylem of apple. In order to clarify the taxonomic status and the antifungal activity, the morphology, physiological, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were used to identify the taxonomic status. The fermentation liquid passed the filter and high-temperature process, and the types of antimicrobial substances were analyzed. The results showed that this strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The inhibition rate of its filtration ranged from 63.4% to 87.5% on 8 kinds of pathogens, but it decreased and inhibitory rate ranged from 57.4% to 79.6% after the treatment of high temperature. Thus, it confirmed that this strain could secrete various antagonistic substances included temperature-insensitive antibiotic as well as temperature-sensitive peptides and protease.

  Cloning and sequence analysis of CHI and CHS gene promoter from longan (Dimocarpus longan) leaf 2012, 28 (4):  167-171.  Abstract + ( 1247 )   PDF ( 952567KB )   ( 1016 ) Abstract: In order to study the role of CHI and CHS in flavonoids synthesis, a 642bp CHI promoter partial sequence and a 613bp CHS promoter partial sequence were cloned by genome walking PCR. The sequences were analyzed by PlantCARE software. The results showed that the core promoter elements TATA-Box and CAAT-Box were found in both sequences. The cis-acting elements including Box I, ABRE, G-Box were also found in both sequences. The functions of these elements were involved in the abscisic acid responsiveness and light responsiveness. It was indicated that the expression of CHI and CHS was controlled by abscisic and light. The results also found that the expression of CHI and CHS was related to plant hormones and environment.

  A Preliminary Study on Pathogenicity differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Race 4 2012, 28 (4):  172-178.  Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 1068986KB )   ( 904 ) Banana and plantain are among the most important crops in the world, serving as a staple food and source of income in many developing countries. Among the major global constraints on production are several disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. During January 2003 to June 2010, we have got virulence of 56 F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense isolates Race 4 from the 35 cities of Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. By root scratching inoculation method, we assessed the virulence of 56 race 4. The experimental results show that the selected isolates are apparently showing the virulence, which cause disease, the kind of the most serious pathogenicity is 29, the moderate-serious pathogenicity is 9 and the serious pathogenicity is 18, and their proportions is 51.79, 16.07% and 32.14%, respectively. The experimental results could be references as selecting the advantage isolates in places.

  The Cultivation Adaptability of Improved Clone Tea Cultivars in the Degraded Mountain 2012, 28 (4):  179-187.  Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 723445KB )   ( 856 ) In order to improve the planting rate of improved clone tea variety and establish quality, high yield, efficient tea planantion in Guizhou Province. we introduced 20 clonal tea varieties from 5 provinces, such as Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan and Sichuan, and 7 new cultivated tea strains breed by guizhou tea research institute, using ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ tea variety as the control(CK), to compared the transplant survival rate, the crown character, cold tolerance, the branches and leaves weight by training and pruning and quality characters in field trials at the end year of 2008. The results showed that all the tea varieties in tested, the predicted yield were larger but the ability of cold tolerance were weaker than the CK, while the quality of special improved tea varieties were extraordinary except other traits were weak. The integrated characters of ‘Zhongcha 108’ and ‘Taixuan 03-22’ were the best in test. ‘Longjing 43’, ‘Wuniuzao’ were the earliest tea varieties, ‘Taixuan 03-22’, ‘Zhongcha 102’, ‘Zhongcha 108’, ‘Zhongcha 302’, ‘Longjing Changye’, ‘Zhenong 117’ were the earlier and ‘Taixuan 03-10’, ‘Zhuyeqi’ were the early tea varieties, which all were suitable for planting in Guizhou Province, beside some tea varieties such as ‘ Baiye 1’ were suitable cultivation and popularized in some specific tea regions.

  The Different Ratio of Matrix Influence on the Quality of Cut Lily 2012, 28 (4):  188-191.  Abstract + ( 1083 )   PDF ( 600428KB )   ( 881 ) We tested and analyzed some physical and chemical indicators such as bulk density, total porosity, aeration porosity, capillary porosity, water content, pH value and conductivity in 6 different ratio matrices in the experiment, in order to reduce the dependence on peat resources and the production costs in lily soilless culture. We also analyzed the main agronomical characters of cut lily which were cultured in 6 different matrices. The results showed that in the suitable range for the lily’s growth, the smaller the matrix bulk density and the pH value were, as well as the larger aeration porosity and capillary porosity were, the better the lily grew. In this experiment the two ratio T1(peat: perlite=3:1) and T3(peat: perlite: mushroom residue=2:3:2) were the best formula matrix for lily cultivation; CK(pure peat) can influence on the stem height in the early age and we consider that the peat was a non-renewable scarce resource in short term, so it was not suitable to be the matrix for cut lily; T5(peat: vermiculite: rice hulls=3:5:2) ratio matrix can not be used in cut lily production.

  Resistance Analysis to Cadmium in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) 2012, 28 (4):  192-199.  Abstract + ( 1203 )   PDF ( 1117406KB )   ( 1179 ) For understanding the resistance differences of tall fescue to cadimum pressure and how to work in recovering the cadmium contaminated soil, the author analyzed the variation of morphology and physiology index before and after the cadmium treatments in different concentrations. The author analyzed the variety ‘Houndog’ with the treatment of different concentration of cadmium chloride. The results showed the leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, maximum root length, and chlorophyll content stimulated in lower concentration of cadmium, but suppressed over the threshold value. The relative leakage ratio, MDA content, and proline content displayed continued increasing, while root activity declined with the concentration of cadmium increased. Further analysis of 9 tall fescue varieties was conducted for the traits of leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, and maximum root length with the treatment of 50 mg/L cadmium chloride. The results showed the resistance mostly correlated with the performance of root characteristics. The resistance level totally ranked as Cross Fine II>Picasso>Houndog>Masterpiece>Starlet>TripleA>CochiseIII>Airui>Davinci. It concluded that the variety of Cross Fine II with higher comprehensive resistance level to cadmium could be used in heavy contaminated soil, while the variety of Starlet could be screened in the minor contaminated soil.

  Sequences Analysis of rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn from Some Local Areas in China 2012, 28 (4):  200-205.  Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 690301KB )   ( 1244 ) The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA from 11 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn from turfgrass and 4 from soil were sequenced in order to identify anastomosis groups and discuss phylogenetic relationships between them. Based on the 15 sequences and 30 published sequences of R. solani from 14 anastomosis groups or sub-groups, R. cerealis, R. zeae and R. oryzae in GenBank database, the ITS phylogenetic tree were generated with MEGA 4.1. The result showed that, all the representative isolates of known anastomosis groups and 15 samples tested were clustered into one group. In this group, representatives of the different anastomosis groups clustered separately, and 15 isolates sequenced were divided into AG2-2 and AG1-IA. These results provided a reliable basis for disease control, and also suggested that the sequence analysis of ITS rDNA region was a valuable tool for identifying anastomosis groups of R. solani.

  Study on the Cultivation Technology of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell 2012, 28 (4):  206-210.  Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 587649KB )   ( 934 ) The domesticating technology of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell was studied in order to provide theoretical bases for the artificial cultivation. The single-factor tests were usedt to study the effects of cultivating measures such as planting years, shading and plastic mulching on the growth of P. scrophulariiflora; by using orthogonal design to study the effects of density, fertilizer, harvesting-time on the output of P. scrophulariiflora. The suitable cultivating measures were proposed. The suitable cultivating period for cutting multiplication was 2-3 years. Fitting shading and black-plastic mulching could increase the survival percentage and yield of P. scrophulariiflora. The most suitable cultivating measures for high-yielding were as follows: density 20 cm×30 cm, farmyard manure 30000 kg plus compound fertilizer 600 kg per hectare; fertilizing method base-fertilizer 1/2 and after manuring 1/2, harvesting time in October. The critical factors affecting the yield were density and fertilizer amount.

  Effects of Cultivation Conditions on the Activity of POD, SOD and CAT in the Leaf of Pinellia ternate breit 2012, 28 (4):  211-214.  Abstract + ( 985 )   PDF ( 650611KB )   ( 749 ) To screen out a Cultivation Condition that can increase the Activity of POD，SOD and CAT in the Leaf of Pinellia ternate breit .Measurements of POD, SOD and CAT activity in the leaf of Pinellia ternate breit cultivated under different treatment were done with gaiacol, NBT and Ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The results show that the difference in leaf POD activity of Pinellia ternate breit cultivated in the two media was insignificant; but different amount of fertilizers had very significant difference on POD activity, with 1/2MS+K+P (KH2PO4 100 mg/L) being the highest; the difference in leaf SOD and CAT activity of Pinellia ternate breit cultivated in the two media was significant, activity of the two enzymes in perlite is very significantly higher than that in soil; different amount of fertilizers had some influence on SOD and CAT activity too, with 1/2MS+K+P (KH2PO4 100 mg/L) being the highest in SOD activity. The best cultivation that can enhance the POD, SOD, CAT activity in the leaf of Pinellia ternate breit is fertilizing with 1/2MS+K+P (KH2PO4 100 mg/L) in perlite.

  Analysis on Tobacco Leaf Quality and Economic Effectiveness with Rapeseed Fertilizer in Shaoyang 2012, 28 (4):  215-219.  Abstract + ( 1108 )   PDF ( 567836KB )   ( 991 ) In order to solve the problem that amount of aroma is lack and aroma quality is bad of flue-cured tobacco, improve the flue-cured tobacco quality of Shaoyang, the flue-cured tobacco cultivar ‘K326’ was selected to study the effects of different rapeseed fertilizer application rates on flue-cured tobacco leaf quality and economic effectiveness. The results indicated that rapeseed fertilizer application with 375 kg/hm2, using the current fertilizer application measure implemented in Shaoyang, effectively promoted the leaf growth and improved the coherence of chemical components in tobacco leaf. It also reduced the nicotine content, increased the oil and chromaticity, modified the organization structure, and improved the smoking quality grade of tobacco leaf. Generally，the yield was increased by about 30-150 kg/hm2 and the value of output was improved by 2250-3000 yuan/hm2.

  Effects of RW Biology Transformation Promoter on Farmyard Manure’s Maturity and Flue-cured Tobacco 2012, 28 (4):  220-224.  Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 570069KB )   ( 669 ) Farmyard manure is an essential element in flue-cured tobacco production of organic fertilizer, but in the production of many effects is covered without composting or just a casual nature, cannot give full play to efficiency. This test fresh farmyard manure and straw of crops and promotes rotting agent, FCMP, lime as a material, comparative test of fermentation. Results showed that addition RW biology transformation promoter to farmyard manure can accelerate fermentation speed, make more sufficient fermentation and let degradation more completely. Its effects was the best; the tobacco plants show the best growth conditions in agronomic characters and a lower diseases and inspect pests’ incidence, especially in tobacco weaker fleck, tobacco brown spot and tobacco angular leaf spot with almost 0 disease incidence; yield 2175 kg/hm2, output value 32415 yuan/hm2 and the proportion of superior tobacco 43.60% perform well in respect of economic characters.

  Effects of Combined Application with the Different Commercial Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco 2012, 28 (4):  225-229.  Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 567404KB )   ( 695 ) We explore the effects of different organic fertilizers on tobacco quality, basing tobacco plant, in order to improve soil character and the inner quality of tobacco, in the condition of same supply of N, P, K. In the project organic fertilizer contains organic fertilizerⅠ, organic fertilizerⅡ, organic fertilizerⅢ, organic fertilizerⅣ, organic and Inorganic fertilizer Ⅴ and cake. Analyzing the result of the project, we found that organic fertilizerⅠ and organic fertilizer Ⅳ work well, the performance of agronomy traits was prominent; the appearance of raw tobacco was good. The performance of inorganic and organic fertilizerⅤ was equal to control group. FertilityⅤ was a little inadequate in the later; organic fertilizerⅡ and organic fertilizer Ⅲ were in general. The comprehensive performance of scheme of cake was fine, but the price of cake was higher than others.

  Establishment and Application of Discrimination Model for Suitable Culture Season of Vegetables Based on the Climatic Data 2012, 28 (4):  230-235.  Abstract + ( 1172 )   PDF ( 802776KB )   ( 726 ) In order to investigate the suitability degree between the growth of vegetables and climatic resources, based on the biological characteristics of vegetable and the 1975-2009 meteorological data in Pudong District, combined the theory of suitability-degree of agro-ecological climate resources, by using fuzzy mathematics, the author established climate suitability degree models of 3 climatic factors and comprehensive evaluation models to evaluate the suitability of vegetable growth by month. The results showed that the suitability of vegetable growth changed with the change of climatic factors, the coordination of the climatic factors with different weights affected the comprehensive evaluation of the suitability of vegetable growth, the research got the corresponding method of cultivation and management to ensure that the vegetables grew well under the relative suitable conditions. The study filled in a gap of fuzzy evaluation to the suitability of vegetable growth, and could provide theoretical foundation for the scientific year-round production of vegetable.growth by month. The study can provide theoretical foundation for the scientific year-round

  Effect of Different Doses of Controlled-release-urea on the Growth of Chinese Chive and Soil Available Nitrogen 2012, 28 (4):  236-239.  Abstract + ( 1070 )   PDF ( 614617KB )   ( 709 ) The effect of different doses of controlled-release-urea on the growth, yield and economic benefit of Chinese chive and soil available nitrogen was researched by cultivating it in basins. The results showed that appropriately use of controlled-release-urea could promote the growth of Chinese chive significantly, but the excessive doses of controlled-release-urea would inhibit it, which obviously lowered plant height, stem diameter and leaf width. There is a significant difference among the groups and group4 (T4) obtained the highest yield and economic benefit, were 65573.85 kg/hm2 and 131147.7 yuan/hm2, then those of other groups decreased gradually. Soil available nitrogen and the doses of controlled-release-urea were positively related, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9869. Excessive application of controlled-release-urea will reduce the yield and economic benefit, the optimum dose of controlled-release-urea for Chinese chive should be 450 kg/hm2 every time. The use of controlled-release-urea can effectively increase the soil available nitrogen.

  Control Effects of “Saochongguang” on Soil Insects of Capsicum 2012, 28 (4):  240-244.  Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 562459KB )   ( 870 ) To scientifically and reasonably control soil insects with “Saochongguang” and make sure of its safety to capsicum development, its control effects to soil insects and effects on the rate of seed germination, seedling growth, transplanted plant height, main stem diameter, leaf width, length of branching stems, number of buds of the cutivar capsicum ‘Miaofeng III’ were tested using general biological methods. The results showed that, 1000-fold dilution, 1500-fold dilution, 2000-fold dilution, or 30 kg/hm2, 45 kg/hm2 and 60 kg/hm2 of “Saochongguang” were better to control soil insects and there were not any survival soil insects for 30 days after “Saochongguang” treatment when the seedlings were transplanted. 500-fold dilution of “Saochongguang” was also better to control soil insects, but the plants could not normally develop. However, 2500-fold, 3000-fold dilution and 15 kg/hm2 of “Saochongguang” were not effective to soil insects. Given the economic, efficient and simple operation, 1000-2000-fold dilution and 30 kg/hm2 of “Saochongguang” were widely applied to control soil insects.

  Studies on New Substrate Formula in Cultivation for Pleurotus nebrodensis 2012, 28 (4):  245-249.  Abstract + ( 1031 )   PDF ( 579525KB )   ( 877 ) For the aim of extensive utilization agricultural wastes resource to cultivating Pleurotus nebrodensis, cotton stalk, chestnut sawdust and peanut shell as the experimental material of 13 groups of formula, the cultivation test was carried out. Mycelium growth rate, yield and production cycle of different substrate formula was investigated and compared from inoculation data to harvest period. The results showed that the peanut shell, cotton stalk, chestnut sawdust may be applied for the cultivated substrate of P. nebrodensis and replaced part of cotton seed hull in cultivation medium. The highest yield formula was A4(contained 40% peanut shell), but the longest of the production cycle. After multiple analyzed, the optimum formula was C1(40% contton seed hull, 40% cotton stalk, 15% wheat bran, 2% corn flour, 2% lime, 1% gesso), the per-unit yield, biological efficiency and production cycle was 188.38 g, 53.81%, 150.7 d, respectively.

  Effect of 1-MCP Treatment on Qualities of Su Pear in Storage 2012, 28 (4):  250-254.  Abstract + ( 973 )   PDF ( 798546KB )   ( 771 ) The aim was to extend the quality of shelf life in storage, using fruits of Su pear as materials, the shelf-life qualities of Su pear stored in ventilated storage house treated by 1-MCP with 0.5 μL/L and 1.0 μL/L concentrations conducted. The results indicated that the appearances of fruits treated with 1-MCP well maintained. The respiration rate and the ethylene release rate of fruits treated with 1-MCP declined, the respiration rate of fruits treated with 0.5 μL/L 1-MCP reduced 24 percentages compared with CK; the ethylene release rate of fruits treated with 1 mg/L 1-MCP reduced 53 percentages compared with CK, and 31% with 0.5 μL/L. The decrease of the fruit firmness and the soluble solids delayed with 1-MCP treatment. The average of the fruit firmness treated with 0.5 μL/L 1-MCP was 4.6% higher than CK and 8.6% with 1.0 μL/L. The fruit firmness had obvious difference between the fruits treated with 0.5 μL/L 1-MCP and CK. It declined 13 percentage at low level. It appeared that it had better results to prolong the shelf life stored in ventilated storage house treated with 0.5 μL/L 1-MCP.

  Effect of Anthocyanins and Related Quality by Bagging Treatment of Vitis amuremsis Rupr. 2012, 28 (4):  255-258.  Abstract + ( 1009 )   PDF ( 1016517KB )   ( 731 ) The aim was to observe effect of the content of soluble solid, titratable acid, reducing sugar and total anthocyanin by bagging treatment of Vitis amuremsis Rupr., and provide theoretical guidance for production of high quality Vitis amuremsis Rupr.. Taking ‘Shuanghong’ Vitis amurensis Rupr. as test materials, applying HPLC technology, effect of anthocyanins and related quality was studied by bagging treatment of Vitis amuremsis Rupr. The results showed that compared with control group, the content of titratable acid dealt with by bagging treatment of Vitis amuremsis Rupr was all significantly increase, the content of soluble solid and sugar were lower, the content of total anthocyanins was almost unchanged, the content of cyanidin-3-glucoside was significantly lower. The content of reducing sugar was increased and the content of total anthocyanins was not unchanged, but cyanidin-3-glucoside was all significantly increased by removing bag before the harvest time.

  Responses of Papaya to Different Fertilization Modes and Analysis on the Economic Benefit 2012, 28 (4):  259-262.  Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 571590KB )   ( 952 ) Studying of a reasonable balance of papaya between high-productivity & efficiency and the fertilization model ensure high yield and quality of papaya, efficiency fertilization model. Through 2-year successive trials in fixed test field, 5 different fertilization modes were conducted to research the effects on vegetative growth, yield and quality of papaya and analyze the economic benefit of different fertilization modes (applying special fertilizer, mode T1; combining special fertilizer and modifier, mode T2; combining special fertilizer and purified organic fertilizer, mode T3; applying purified organic fertilizer, mode T4; applying microbial organic fertilizer, mode T5). It showed that: compared with mode T1, mode T2, T3 have good performance on promoting crown size and plant height. The yield of each individual plant in the test field reaches 40.2-49.3 kg, each individual fruit on average reaches 0.38-0.41 kg, and each individual plant produces 105.8-120.4 qualified fruits. Compared with mode T1, mode T3 increases the papaya yield at 18.6% obviously. The result of analysis on sugar degree variance indicates that sugar degree variance from mode T1 was lower than that from mode T4 and T5, sugar degree variance from mode T4 and T5 was lower than that from mode T2 and T3. Vitamin C content of the fresh flesh of fruit from different fertilization modes indicates the same tendency with sugar degree analysis result. Considering economic effects, mode T3 gains the highest benefit (413819 yuan/hm2). Value to cost ratio (VCR) of the five modes ranks as T3≈T2>T5≈T1>T4.

  Sodium hypochlorite for sterilization Methods of plant culture medium 2012, 28 (4):  263-268.  Abstract + ( 1670 )   PDF ( 1852762KB )   ( 1382 ) he preparation process in the medium instead of sodium hypochlorite added to the medium pressure steam sterilization methods were studied. The result were as following : hypochlorite in the medium added after solidification, 25 ℃, 2000lx light intensity, 16 hours illumination of culture conditions, the concentration of 360mg / L, some parts of the culture medium were still polluted. During the media preparation process, the dissolved agar heated, hot in the medium supplemented with 10mg / L sodium hypochlorite, no polluted culture medium was found. With 'God Ma' Chrysanthemum explants in culture medium during the preparation of the final concentration 20mg / L of sodium hypochlorite，all the plants grew normally, furthermore, their growth conditions were better than that of the group of the high-pressure sterilization. When sodium hypochlorite concentrations was above 50 mg / L, the growth was not only more poor than the control, but also did harm to them. The results show that the proper concentration of sodium hypochlorite instead of high-pressure steam sterilization is effective.

  Study on Selenium Enriching Conditions and Effect of Lycium barbarum 2012, 28 (4):  269-272.  Abstract + ( 938 )   PDF ( 605874KB )   ( 845 ) In order to systematically study enrichment and absorption rules of Lycium barbarum, and promote the safety production, an atomic fluorescence method has been developed for quantitative analysis. Using Lycium barbarum variety ‘Ningqi No.1’ as the material, spraying sodium selenite through leaf, selenium-rich Lycium barbarum was formed by absorption and transformation. The results showed that: 7 Se concentrations in the 0.1-200.0 mg/kg between the Lycium barbarum selenium content significantly increased, taking Lycium barbarum fruit was affected for selenium analysis, the selenium content between the 0.17-3.34 mg/kg, and the linear relationship was obtained in this method (r=0.9992). Spray concentration, the number were the key factors of production of selenium-rich Lycium barbarum by application of sodium selenite. Drying process was no significant effect on the selenium content in Lycium barbarum.

  Dynamic Monitoring of Apple pests in Luochuan County 2012, 28 (4):  273-277.  Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 591297KB )   ( 788 ) Study on the occurrence pattern and its dynamic monitoring of apple pests in Luochuan County, and gave a great practical guiding significance for orchard pest ecological regulation and management in Weibei Loess Plateau. In 2001—2010, the dynamic monitored apple pests were collected from Luochuan apple orchard by the methods of laboratory test and field experiment. The results showed that the occurrence pattern and hazard assessment of apple pests differed annually in the areas. Therefore, an annual and long-term dynamic monitoring was necessary to provide exact information for ecological regulation of apple pests.

  Study on Monitoring and Control Technology of Citrus Huanglongbing in Citrus Orchards Li Dalin 2012, 28 (4):  278-282.  Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 694242KB )   ( 909 ) In order to explore the epidemics of Huanglongbing and the regulation of its vector Citrus psyllid, and improve monitoring and control techniques, data of general investigation of disease epidemic of Huanglongbing from October to November in the Citrus orchard all over communities of Linhai County from 2003 to 2010 and the annual population dynamics of vector Citrus psyllid was collecting by applying specific citrus tree timing method in 2 systemic monitoring points in Gucheng and Datian early-maturing citrus orchard during 2008-2010. The results showed that the seasonal population dynamics of citrus psyllid can be described by trimodal curve, its peaks mainly appear at late June to late July, mid-August to mid-September and early October to early November. The tend between different years and orchards were identical, but the peeks and peak times had big differences, these differences mainly influence by first apparition, population base and temperature these three factors. The relationship model of Citrus psyllid chronogenesis of adult and nymph population and temperature can be established as: D=0.018T+17.365 (n=36, r=0.3563*). Based on that Citrus Huanglongbing was transferred by vector citrus psyllid, we developed “a dig two eliminate” prevention and control strategies and the “three against five tests” prevention and control technology. After three years application of these strategies and technology, the disease area of Citrus Huanglongbing was controlled less than 5%. From 2008 to 2010, the disease incidence rate of individual plant was controlled at 0.084%, 0.077%, 0.051%. We basically achieved sustainable control effect and protected the sustainable development of the Citrus industry in Linhai.

  The Evaluation of Germplasm Traits of Wild Grape (Vitis quinquangularis Rehd.) in Guangxi Province 2012, 28 (4):  283-287.  Abstract + ( 1017 )   PDF ( 562581KB )   ( 855 ) To solve the problem of both the low unstable yield and germplasm innovation, in 2003-2008, seeds and fruits’ traits of 124 accessions of wild grape (Vitis quinquangularis Rehd.) from Guangxi province were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that, the sprouting, flowering and maturing period was on 12th April; 22th May, and 4th September respectively; the sprouting rate was 44.8%, ranging from 15% to 100%; the fruiting stems rate was 71.1%, ranging from 12.5% to 100%; the average spike number of each fruiting stem was 2.2, ranging from 1.2 to 4.1; the fruition rate was 27.1%, ranging from 7.1% to 56.1%; the weight of one spike was 84.8 g, ranging from 13.6 to 296.6 g; the weight of single grape was 1.5 g, ranging from 0.8 to 2.8 g; soluble solid contents in the grape was 12.3%, ranging from 9.3% to 16.5%; the seed number was 3.3, ranging from 1.8 to 4.2; juice yield was 71.6%, ranging from 63.4% to 80.1%; soluble sugar contents was 11.70 g/100mL, ranging from 6.08 to 18.11 g/100mL; total acid contents was 2.05 g/100mL, ranging from 1.10 to 3.14 g/100mL; the tannin contents was 0.27 g/100mL, ranging from 0.09 to 0.64 g/100mL; the vitamin and amino acid contents were 0.67 mg/100mL and 315.6 mg/100mL respectively. The elite bisexual germplasm was come to light.

  Evaluation for Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil and Herb from the Main Producing Area 2012, 28 (4):  288-293.  Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 644337KB )   ( 822 ) In order to obtain the fact of heavy metal pollution of soil and herb form the main producing area of Salvia miltiorrhiza in China, a wide investigation was carried in 13 samples from four provinces. In this study, the heavy metal contents of soil and herb were conducted by ICP-MS, and then evaluation was established by the pollution index. The results showed that soil from the main producing area of S. miltiorrhiza were up to scratch of national standard Ⅱon the whole. As and Hg content of herb were under national standard from all sample, and Cd and Pd content exceeded standard slight in several sample, while Cu content in herb exceeded standard in general from the main producing area. Integrated evaluation showed that herb from Gaoba Town of Shanxi Provinces and Zhuge Town of Shandong Provinces polluted by heavy metal slightly, while herbs from other district were safety in heavy metal pollution. Cu accumulation in herb correlated positively with Cu content in soil, and heavy metal accumulation in herb cooperated with each. In conclusions, national standard standard Ⅱof soil environment must be carried out severely in S. miltiorrhiza resources production.

  Study on the Seed Germination Percentage of Codonopsis pilosula 2012, 28 (4):  294-298.  Abstract + ( 1068 )   PDF ( 826431KB )   ( 689 ) The aim was to provide an important basis for the quality classification standard of Codonopsis pilosula seeds. 18 batches of Codonopsis pilosula seeds from different producing areas were selected as tested materials, the germination were determined and analyzed under different conditions to conclude the optimum seed germination condition. The results showed that the optimum seed germination conditions of Codonopsis pilosula as follows: temperature 20℃, light, germinating-beds top of paper (TP). In collapsed bed Codonopsis pilosula was easily infected with mould which could influence the seeds germination. The longer the storage time and the lower the seeds germination so the old seeds seriously effected with the quality. New seeds would lost the vitality at room temperature conditions, but it could keep the vitality for half a year in -20℃ refrigerated. It also found that the average germination percentage of shanxi seeds was 38.37% higher then that of Gansu seeds. The seeds quality classification standard included 6 indexes such as seed germination, the purity, grain weight, moisture content and so on. Seed germination was an important factor for the seeds quality.

  Study on Soil Porosity and Water Characteristics of Urban Green Space in Shenzhen City 2012, 28 (4):  299-304.  Abstract + ( 1181 )   PDF ( 643295KB )   ( 925 ) In order to understand the physical properties of strongly human-affected soil in urban green space, and give guidance for exerting its functions for promoting plant growth, conserving water resources and protecting urban eco-environment. Soil bulk density, porosity status, water parameters and water infiltration characteristic for urban green space in Shenzhen City were determined. The results indicated that the bulk density of urban green space soil in Shenzhen City was high, with an average of 1.56 g/cm3. The soil total porosity, capillary porosity and aeration porosity were low, 41.06%, 39.78% and 1.27%, respectively. Significant variation of soil infiltration rate was observed in the initial infiltration rate (0-8.47 mm/min) and the final infiltration rate (0-5.90 mm/min), which were related to compaction of urban soil. Soil bulk density in urban park and roadside greenbelt were significantly higher than those of vegetable garden in suburb, but the soil porosity, maximum water-holding capacity, capillary moisture capacity and field moisture capacity were significantly lower than those of vegetable garden. The soil bulk density and water parameters in 0-10 cm depth were significantly higher than those in 10-20 cm depth, however, soil porosity showed different trend. There were significantly negative correlations between soil bulk density and soil porosity, field moisture capacity, maximum water-holding capacity, the initial infiltration rate and the final infiltration rate.

  Ecological Agriculture Sightseeing Garden Planning and Design of Shanglaozhuang Township Dongping County 2012, 28 (4):  305-311.  Abstract + ( 844 )   PDF ( 2563308KB )   ( 841 ) In order to study the planning, development and construction projects of ecological agriculture sightseeing garden in a less developed areas within the county scale, this article introduces the practice research to the planning and design of agricultural sightseeing garden of Shanglaozhuang Township. According to local conditions and the relevant theories of landscape ecology and recreation on the existing basis in the region, we set kinds of traditional agriculture farming, leisure and tourism, the technology demonstration of modern agricultural, agricultural science education, the traditional cultural activities and other projects which used the concept of area planning and landscape design. And the agri-tourism resort was formed which had the local characteristics, beautiful environment and set meals, lodging, travel shopping entertainment for the whole. It provided a reference model of development for the construction of new socialist countryside of Dongping County.

  Discussion of Disadvantages in the Urban Landscape Construction Wang Kun 2012, 28 (4):  312-316.  Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 3698434KB )   ( 725 ) In order to perfect the urban landscape planning, reduce waste of resources and ecological destruction of the environment and achieve the landscape planning ornamental sustainability in line with the ecological environment, the author made a series of discussions on the issues, such as the destruction of the ecological vegetation in the places of original trees existed because of the big trees go into the city, the reduction of the tree survival rate caused by the wrong plan of the urban landscape, the waste of tree resources on account of improper management on the tree transplanting anaphase, the increase of landscape construction in some areas because of cut and dried of the landscape design mode and the water and soil erosion in the urban landscape construction. Response to the problems, the author proposed that nursery enterprises should increase cultivation of large saplings to reduce the destruction of the ecological vegetation in the places of original trees existed; the city regulatory authorities should be strengthened to reduce the waste of the tree resources; the city construct and planning authorities should be strengthened the long-term planning concept to keep the continuity of the landscape construction.