Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.3 Published:25 January 2012

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  Influences of Soil Water Stress on Growth and Development of Maize 2012, 28 (3):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-1968 Abstract + ( 1064 )   PDF ( 649136KB )   ( 1625 ) Long-term trend of global climate change indicates that more areas will be involved in arid disaster. This will increase the instability of crop yield with the extending of maize planting area, even endanger the regional and global food safety. Reduction of maize yield resulted in arid is determined by not only severity of arid but also the growth or development stages when arid occurs. This paper reviewed the influences of soil water stress on growth and development of maize in several aspects, including plant configuration, yield and yield elements, physiological indexes, growth and development indexes and restorable ability and so on. The research methods and response and adaptation of maize to water stress were also reviewed. And some stresses on future researches were suggested.

  Research Progress on Effect of Potato No-tillage Cultivation on Soil Character 2012, 28 (3):  8-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2106 Abstract + ( 1317 )   PDF ( 492011KB )   ( 932 ) In recent years, the no-tillage cultivation technique of potato was developing and appling rapidly in China. So there have been more and more researches on the potato no-tillage cultivation, which included the effects of potato no-tillage cultivation on soil property. The writer summarized the effects of potato no-tillage cultivation on soil character, which included physical and chemical properties, nutrient status, weed seeds, microflora and enzyme activities of soil, etc. Moreover, the research status in soil effects of potato no-tillage cultivation were analyzed. Finally, the further research topics in soil effects of potato no-tillage cultivation are also proposed.

  Research Progress about Calcium Signal Involved in Plant Resistance to Disease 2012, 28 (3):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2329 Abstract + ( 1334 )   PDF ( 628982KB )   ( 1361 ) Calcium, as a second messenger, participates in the regulation of physiological metabolism of most cells through the pathway of plant signal transduction. Many research suggested that the Ca2+ messenger system also involved in the signal transduction process of the interaction between plant and pathogen. Here, the generation procedure and function of the specific Ca2+ and how the downstream target protein recognize the Ca2+ during the resistance process of plant against pathogen, were reviewed. The prospects were provided based on the current problems.

  Application of Infrared Thermography in the Research of Plant Mechanism Response to Drought 2012, 28 (3):  17-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3307 Abstract + ( 1302 )   PDF ( 739907KB )   ( 1199 ) Plant drought response mechanism is very complicated, stomatal movement is one of the mechanisms of plant adaptation to drought stress. General stomatal behavior change will directly reflect on some physiological indexes such as stomatal conductance, transpiration intensity change, thus resulting in the increase of leaf temperature. Once encounter stresses such as drought, leaf temperature changes will be used to monitor and diagnosis of plant stress condition. Infrared thermography technology can convert thermal radiation of a target object into color pictures we can see, which have characteristic with high resolution, non-contact, high-throughput. In this study, the mechanism of plant response to drought, as well as the infrared technology application in plant drought resistance research was reviewed to clarify the infrared thermography to study the mechanisms of plant response to drought, proposed the possibility of infrared thermography technology applying in the plant breeding for drought-resistance.

  Study on Cultivars Screening of Late Rice Mechanization Planting in Hilly and Mountains Region 2012, 28 (3):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1937 Abstract + ( 1298 )   PDF ( 575735KB )   ( 926 ) The purposes of this paper are to screening suitable rice cultivars for mechanization planting in hilly and mountains region. The field trials and randomized blocks design experiments were carried out to study the seedling quality, tiller dynamic, grain yield and cultivar planting character of late rice cultivars in two typical hilly and mountains regions. The experimental results indicated that: the yield of ‘ⅡYou418’ was the highest with 6.855 t/hm2 in low mountains region, and the yield of ‘Yueyou9113’was the highest in high mountains region, which reached 6.637 t/hm2. The mechanization planting late rice cultivar should have the characters of strong tiller ability, short growth period and the uniformity of the heading stage in double-rice cropping area of hilly region.

  Simulation Experiment Research of Mitigation of Salty Wind Damage on Rice Through Previously Sprinkle Water 2012, 28 (3):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1068 Abstract + ( 1334 )   PDF ( 613551KB )   ( 866 ) To drastically reduce the loss of rice production caused by salty wind damage, we made an investigation to the effects of pre-sprinkling water on salty wind damage. The amount of NaCl adhesion per panicle was compared between treatments with pre-sprinkling water - sprinkling salty water - sprinkling water and sprinkling salty water - sprinkling water by simulation experiments. When sprinkling salty water produced 4.6-4.8 mg of NaCl adhesion per panicle, the treatment with pre-sprinkling water - sprinkling salty water - sprinkling water produced 0 mg of NaCl adhesion per panicle while sprinkling salty water-sprinkling water could produce 2.8 mg of NaCl adhesion per panicle. This results indicated that, pre-sprinkling water could effectively reduce the damage of salty wind damage. In addition, we developed a technique to measure the amount of NaCl adhesion per panicle by refractometer and put forward a comprehensive system to alleviate the salty wind damage.

  The Effect of Low Temperature Treatment on Root Activity in Rice Seedling Period in Jilin Province 2012, 28 (3):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1563 Abstract + ( 1527 )   PDF ( 739102KB )   ( 1007 ) In order to reduce the effect of low temperature and disease in rice seedlings period, root activity of seedling period of main cultivated rice varieties in Jilin Province was analyzed in this paper. 7 main cultivated rice varieties (‘Changbai9’, ‘Changbai16’, ‘Jijing803’, ‘Jijing105’, ‘Jijing88’, ‘Jijing83’, ‘Jijing81’) were treated with low temperature 8-12℃. After low temperature treatment for 1-6 days, the root activity was determined through linear interpolation. And the relationship between the days in low temperature and root activity was analyzed by using regression method. The results indicated that, under the different low temperature, the longer treatment days induced the lower root activity. Under the same temperature and different treatment days, the root activity order was ‘Jijing81’ > ‘Jijing83’ > ‘Jijing88’ > ‘Jijing803’ > ‘Jijing105’ > ‘Changbai16’ > ‘Changbai9’. According to this paper, we could predict the root activity of seedling by using different temperature condition. And the root activity of seedling is related to different rice variety.

  Molecular study on male sterile link gene of Lu18S 2012, 28 (3):  38-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1572 Abstract + ( 1255 )   PDF ( 1190455KB )   ( 899 ) The aim was to study the linkage and genetic mechanisms of nuclear male sterile in rice. In this study, pollen fertility and seed setting observation were used to investigate in exploring crossing with three male varieties by bulk segregant analysis of F2 population between the parents and two bulks population representing fertile and sterile plants. The results indicated that male-sterile gene of ‘Lu18S’ belonged to one recessive nucleus gene inheritance by one RAPD primer S490 amplified a length of 850 bp fragments. It showed close linkage with sterile gene. The length of the fragment was coincided with Kotb’s result. The RAPD linkage markers were obtained. It provided the basis for the study of sterile gene clone and location.

  Influence of Ecological Applicability on Climate Change to Dry Land Spring Wheat in the Cold Upland 2012, 28 (3):  41-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1524 Abstract + ( 1111 )   PDF ( 584807KB )   ( 846 ) Influence on climate change to dry land spring wheat in the cold upland was tested and studied with sowing method from 2009 to 2010 in order to explore counter measures of crops planter under climate warming background. Results showed that: daily average temperature in entire period of duration of the early sowing spring wheat was lower than that of the late sowing spring wheat no matter under that kind of climate year's harvest in high and cold dry agricultural region. Temperature was high in entire period of duration of spring wheat that period of duration was short. Temperature was low in entire period of duration of spring wheat that period of duration was long. Precipitation increased in period of duration of spring wheat entire that period of duration extends. Rate of seedlings emergence of spring wheat was low, the density of spring wheat was small and drought resisting ability of spring wheat was strong under spring summer continually dry scene. Rate of seedlings emergence of spring wheat was high, the density of spring wheat was big and drought resisting ability of spring wheat was weak under hot summer scene. Main factors which decided height or low of spring wheat output were daily average temperature of young wheat ear idiophase and accumulated temperature and precipitation of grain formation. Daily average temperature was low in young wheat ear idiophase and accumulated temperature was high and precipitation was sufficient in grain formation, the output is high, otherwise the output was low.

  Effect of Different Cover and Nitrogen Regulation on Physiological Characteristics of Dry-land Wheat Seedling in Leisure Period 2012, 28 (3):  47-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2207 Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 623808KB )   ( 904 ) The aim was to study the physiological characteristics of dry-land wheat seedling in leisure period. Field test was carried out to study the effect of different covering in leisure period on soil water storage at the depth of 0-20 cm, plant growth characteristics, and on the POD activity, SOD activity, and MDA content, and regulation of nitrogen level in leaves in wheat under dry land condition. The results showed that soil water storage at the depth of 0-20 cm, tiller numbers, main stem leaf age and dry weight in plant, POD and SOD activity were increased, and MDA content was decreased under the treatment of permeability plastic film mulching (PM). In the water permeability plastic film mulching (PM) and liquid plastic film mulching (LM) condition, the soil water storage at the depth of 0-20 cm, MDA content were significantly the highest under the treatment of low nitrogen (LN) and, and the lowest under the treatment of high nitrogen (HN), POD activity and SOD activity were significantly increased under the treatment of middle nitrogen (MN). So, appropriate N fertilizer and PM increased the soil water storage and facilitated the growth of dry-land wheat.

  Analysis of the Grain Filling Traits in Two Wheat Cultivars 2012, 28 (3):  51-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2114 Abstract + ( 1171 )   PDF ( 557845KB )   ( 926 ) In order to provide theory basis for new wheat breeding, Richards equation was used to study the grain filling traits of two wheat cultivars: ‘Mianmai 37’ and ‘Chuanmai 42’ in this paper. The study obtained the main grain filling traits of the two wheat cultivars. The results showed that, in Sichuan Basin the grain filling rate influenced the grain weight more important than grain filling duration, the grain weight were effected mainly by the grain filling rates of the early and middle filling stages. The middle filling stage contributed more than 45 percent to the filling of the grain. Based on the above results, this paper proposed the following advice, that was, long grain filling duration and high average and maximum grain filling rates, along with lodging resistance, should be emphasized during the practice of new wheat breeding.

  Influence of Different Growth Stages of Drought on South Spring Maize Growth and Water Consumption 2012, 28 (3):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2078 Abstract + ( 1114 )   PDF ( 630465KB )   ( 938 ) Under the condition of mobile rain-proof shelter, controlling six treatments and three levels processing in the critical period of spring corn, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation at different growth stages on south spring maize growth, soil moisture, yield and water use efficiency. The results showed that: the jointing stage of light drought had the most important influence on spring maize growth and leaf area, filling stage of light drought had the most important influence on corn yield, high water treatment was maximum consumption, low water treatment was minimum consumption. Water consumption was 464.6 mm, the maximum yield was 6795 kg/hm2, water use efficiency was the highest at jointing stage of light drought treatment. In conclusion, in order to achieve the purpose of water-saving and high yield, the soil moisture was controlled at the 60% of field capacity, which was recommended for spring maize in south.

  The Comparison Study on the Effects of NaCl Stress on the Physiological Characters of Sweet Sorghum Varieties 2012, 28 (3):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2310 Abstract + ( 1513 )   PDF ( 889338KB )   ( 834 ) To select the salt tolerant variety of sweet sorghum, the physiological characters, as chloroplast and MDA of three sweet sorghum varieties (T601, Liaotian-1 and XT-2) under the condition that 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% of NaCl stress were analyzed. And the physiological shapes were observed. The results indicated that: the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b decreased following the treating time and increasing NaCl percentages. Chlorophyll of three varieties under treatment were lower than the CK. Chlorophyll of T601 was the highest, while of XT-2 was the lowest; the MDA of all three varieties increased following the treating time and increasing NaCl percentages. The MDA of T601 and ‘Liaotian-1’ were lower than XT-2. And during NaCl treating period, the MDA of XT-2 was also higher until the end of treating period. The MDA of T601 was higher than of ‘Liaotian-1’. According to the chlorophyll and MDA, it could be concluded that: the salt tolerance of them were T601 > ‘Litaotian-1’ > XT-2.

  Study of Salt-tolerance in Different Varieties of Sweet Sorghum under Different Salt Soil 2012, 28 (3):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2048 Abstract + ( 1408 )   PDF ( 733773KB )   ( 1040 ) In order to use saline land reasonably to develop the industrialized planting of biomass energy crop sweet sorghum, and provide theoretical support for breeding sweet sorghum with high salt-tolerance, in this study, three varieties, ‘Sixlink Meady’, ‘Chuntian1’, ‘Liaotian1’, of sweet sorghum were used as materials to study their tolerance to natural soil salt stress, the natural soil salt content of which were respective 0.43 g/kg, 2.88 g/kg, 4.06 g/kg and 6.10 g/kg. The results showed that sweet sorghum seed germination was not inhibited when the soil salt content was 0.43 g/kg, 2.88 g/kg. The seed germination was inhibited with the increasing concentration of soil salt. When the soil salt content was 4.06 g/kg and 6.10 g/kg, germination rate of seed of sweet sorghum was below 60%. The three varieties salt-tolerance ability was different by analyzing relative germination rate and plant height in germination stage. Conclusion: The salt tolerance of sweet sorghum seeds were between 0 g/kg and 2.88 g/kg. When the soil salt content was above 4.06 g/kg, the germination of sweet sorghum seeds was inhibited, and the salt tolerance of ‘Sixlink Meady’ was stronger than ‘Chuntian1’ and ‘Liaotian1’.

  Effects of the Density on the Characteristics of the Mechanization Harvesting in Brassica Napus L. Xiao-fang Dong Tian Bao-Ming 2012, 28 (3):  71-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1398 Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 520494KB )   ( 966 ) The high loss rate in the rape mechanized harvesting process has restricted the rape production development, and it is difficult to be solved only from the farm machinery aspect. The plant material characteristic research based on mechanized harvesting adaptability was done in this paper. The flowering length, lodging resistance and yield of plant with different density were tested. At the same time the maximum breaking strength was analyzed .The results showed that: the increased appropriately planting density (449800 plant per hm2) was advantageous to the mechanized harvesting, with thinner stem, less branches, upper pod-setting and high stem-lodging resistance. The flowering length of rape was shortened with the increasing of plant density and had little influence on the mechanized harvest work.

  The Study on Operational Model of Rape’s Main Growth Period Prediction in Anhui Province 2012, 28 (3):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1981 Abstract + ( 1218 )   PDF ( 696330KB )   ( 897 ) The aim was to meet the need of modern agricultural meteorology, and provide the scientific guidance for the government strategy and farmers’ filed management and agricultural production. Based on prediction model of rape’s growth period which developed by Jiangsu agricultural academy, using Anhui’s brassica napus growth stage date and meteorological date from 1982 to 2009, and the mathematical statistic method, the sectionalized prediction model of rape’s key growth stage was established. The rape’s flowering and maturity stage was predicted according to the weather forecast. Through simulation, back substitution, prediction and operational application, the result showed that the correlation coefficient about observed value and simulated value of rape’s flowering and maturity stage is between 0.8 and 0.9, and average absolute error between 2-3 days; also the prediction result is about 3 days from 2006 to 2009. This study provides theoretical support to rape’s growth process in Anhui, and the effectiveness is good in operational application in 2011, it can completely satisfy the needs of the operational application.

  Effects of Phosphorus on Direct-seeding Rapeseed along the Yangtze River Regions in Anhui Province 2012, 28 (3):  81-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1860 Abstract + ( 1116 )   PDF ( 502318KB )   ( 865 ) The research aimed to study effects of phosphorus supply on direct-seeding rapeseed yield, phosphorus recovery efficiency and economic benefits. The results indicated that: P fertilizer could increase rapeseed yield significantly. Rapeseed yield was improved with the amount of P fertilizer added. When the rates of P fertilizer were between 90-180 kg/hm2, rapeseed could achieve higher yield. With the increase of P application rate, partial factor productivity was decreased. But there’s no obvious rule about the P agronomic use efficiency. The results also showed that P fertilizer significantly increased the economic benefits of direct-seeding rapeseed. The treatment of P180 achieved the maximum income and net profit of 7028.21 yuan/hm2 and 6540.21 yuan/hm2, respectively. The treatment of P45 and P90 achieved better the value to cost ratio (VCR) of 11.84 and 11.53, respectively. Taking effects of rapeseed yield, phosphorus use efficiency and profit into consideration, the optimum phosphorus rate was 90 kg/hm2 along the Yangtze River Regions in Anhui under the condition of this experiment.

  Studies on the Techniques of Cultural Practice and Selection of the New Tobacco Variety of ‘Qianxi-1’ 2012, 28 (3):  85-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3263 Abstract + ( 1364 )   PDF ( 928719KB )   ( 912 ) ‘Qianxi-1’is a tobacco variety which was obtained from the variant plants of ‘K326’. It had passed by The Guizhou tobacco species approve officially the committee in 2008. It was tested to study the botany properties, economics properties, external quality , internal quality， cultural practice and so on, the results showed that: ‘Qianxi-1’ grew uniformly and vigorously in field. It was resistant to weather spot/black shank, moderately resistant to brown spot/ bacterial wilt.It had 2193.75 kg/ hm2, 11.42 yuan/kg, 25052 yuan/hm2, superior leaves were 27.1%. The leaves of ‘Qianxi-1’ featured full maturity and were easy to cure. The cured leaves were largely in gorden color, and high apparent quality. The contents of chemical components were appropriate, and the comprehensive evaluation of smoking was superior to ‘K326’. In short, ‘Qianxi-1’ has good characters in botany and agronmy, strong resist, good adaptability, and it is easy to cultivate and flue dried.

  Study on Ultrastructure and Physiological Characteristic Changes of Senescence Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves 2012, 28 (3):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3636 Abstract + ( 1208 )   PDF ( 7510250KB )   ( 780 ) The research studied the cell structure and metabolite changes of flue-cured tobacco leaves during the aging process, based on the observation of ultrastructure of tobacco leaves using transmission electron microscope and the analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics. The results indicated that: (1)The losing of the ordered grana lamella in chloroplast appeared firstly and most obviously, the mitochondria and nuclear could keep their functions until late senescence stage. The plasma membrane was the last decomposed organdie. The full development of starch grain contributed to the irregular chloroplast. (2)Involving the definite changes of mitochondria ultrastructure, the amount of cristae was observed to decrease evidently, and the inner membrane was broken, while the area and intension of respiration reduced in the over-maturity stage. (3)The physiological analysis showed that chlorophyl was evidently affected by leaf senescence, and the destruction of chloroplast grana lamella could result in the complete cell senescence.

  Comparative on Leaf Anatomy of Flue-cured Tobacco ‘KRK26’ in Different Tobacco-growing Areas of Yunnan 2012, 28 (3):  110-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2293 Abstract + ( 1408 )   PDF ( 1489571KB )   ( 880 ) For defining the characteristics and selecting the ideal tobacco-growing areas of the flue-cured tobacco variety ‘KRK26’ introduced from Zimbabwe, optimizing distribution of flue-cured tobacco cropping in Yunnan. Using the method of slides observation under microscope, this study was conduced to investigate the anatomical structure of the mature fresh leaves from upper, middle and lower stalk positions of flue-tobacco ‘KRK26’ from five tobacco-growing areas of Yunnan. The results showed that: the leaf anatomical structure of ‘KRK26’ varied with the tobacco-growing areas. As the development and gap of mesophyll cells were well and moderate, the leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, thickness ratio of palisade to spongy of ‘KRK26’ from Wenshan growing areas were higher or significant higher than others , its leaf dissecting structure was best among the five growing areas. By contrast, the leaves of ‘KRK26’ from Lincang had minimum leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness, and the discrepancy reached remarkable level, furthermore the thickness ratio of palisade to spongy of which were extremely significant lower than Wenshan and Baoshan, therefore its leaf dissecting structure was worse than other tobacco-growing areas. From the dissecting features closely related to tobacco quality, it seemed that: the suitable planting area for ‘KRK26’ was Wenshan.

  Heterosis and Genetic Analysis of Economic Traits in F1 Crosses Using Sterile Lines in Upland Cotton 2012, 28 (3):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2071 Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 586144KB )   ( 864 ) The purpose was to study the heterosis and genetic characteristics of F1 crosses of economic traits using sterile lines in upland cotton. Three upland cotton male sterile lines and four normal parents were crossed in the way of incomplete diallel cross. Using additive-dominant genetic model, phenotypic variance, combing ability, genetic variance, and genetic correlation coefficient were analyzed upon the economic traits of 12 F1 crosses and the control. Results showed that, for economic traits, compete vigor was not obvious. Special combing ability and general combing ability of male sterile line 2 and normal parent 48784 were relatively large, which meant that this line could be used as parents in breeding. Narrow-sense heritability of boll weight per boll and lint percentage was larger than 70%, which indicated that those two traits could be selected in early generation. Narrow-sense heritability of seed cotton yield, lint yield and lint yield before frost were only above 25%, the ratio of dominant variance component to phenotypic variance arrived at the level of very significant, which indicated that those three traits should be selected in the later generations, and have the potential of vigor. The additive correlation of most traits in pairs arrived at the level of positive significant, among which, additive correlation between seed cotton yield, lint yield, and lint yield pre-frost, boll weight and lint percentage arrived at level of very significant. Sterile lines showed large potentials in cotton heterosis utilization.

  A Study on Dynamic Change of Chlorophyll SPAD Values of Upper Leaves in Main Stem of Cotton 2012, 28 (3):  121-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2237 Abstract + ( 1198 )   PDF ( 693676KB )   ( 1003 ) The target of this study was to seek methods of nutrition diagnosis of cotton at different growth and development stages by chlorophyll SPAD values of upper leaves of cotton plant. The experiment was carried out to study the dynamic change of first leaf to forth leaf from top of cotton main stem during the whole growth period with two early cultivars (CCRI 36, CCRI 50) and two mid-maturing cultivars (CCRI 41, SCRC 28), at the same time the impact of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates on chlorophyll SPAD values of the main stem function leaves of SCRC 28 were studied. The results showed that chlorophyll SPAD values of the main stem leaves of two early cultivars had same rule during the whole period, chlorophyll SPAD values of first leaf from top were lower than those of second leaf from top, second leaf from top were lower than third leaf from top, third leaf from top were lower than forth leaf from top, the same rule appeared in two mid-maturing cultivars before full-boll stage, but the order of chlorophyll SPAD values of upper four leaves was irregular after full-boll stage. The chlorophyll SPAD values of forth main stem leaf from top could be looked upon as the reference value of nutrient diagnosis before boll opening stage, difference value of chlorophyll SPAD values of first or second main stem leaf from top of early cultivars between about 10 days before boll opening stage and 10 days after boll opening stage could be looked upon as the reference value of degree of aging of cotton plant, difference value of chlorophyll SPAD values of third main stem leaf from top of mid-maturing cultivars between about 15 days before boll opening stage and 15 days after boll opening stage could be looked upon as the reference value of degree of aging of cotton plant. In the experiment, the chlorophyll SPAD values of main stem functional leaves had significant difference between the treatment with amount of net nitrogen more than 270 kg/hm2 and the treatment with no nitrogen, the treatment with much more nitrogen had more higher chlorophyll SPAD values of main stem functional leaves during boll opening stage. The treatment with amount of net phosphorus pentoxide at 120 kg/hm2 had more higher chlorophyll SPAD values of main stem functional leaves during boll opening stage, on the contrary, when amount of net phosphorus pentoxide was more than 120 kg?hm2-, chlorophyll SPAD values declined.

  Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Main Agronomic Characters in BC4F3 and BC4F4 Generations from Gossypium hirsutum L.×Gossypium barbadense L. 2012, 28 (3):  127-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2089 Abstract + ( 1402 )   PDF ( 545114KB )   ( 895 ) In order to select the agronomic characters of cotton more efficiently and shorten the breeding term, correlation, partial correlation, path coefficient and regression analysis have been worked out for 6 agronomic characters in BC4F3 and BC4F4 generations from Gossypium hirsutum L.×Gossypium barbadense L.. The results showed that: there was very significant positive correlation (P<0.01) between lint yield per plant and boll weight, lint percentage, bolls per plant, fruit branches per plant and plant height. Bolls per plant was the primary effect to the lint yield per plant with the direct path coefficient of 0.6650 and 0.6689 in BC4F3 and BC4F4 generations respectively, boll weight and lint percentage secondly. Fruit branches per plant and plant height had the promoting effect on lint yield per plant by bolls per plant. The regression analysis indicated that: boll weight, lint percentage, bolls per plant and plant height had significant positive effect on lint yield per plant, and the efficiency of selecting breeding could be improved by choosing these agronomic characters. This article clarified the main direction for yield breeding of cotton and provided reference for raising selective-breeding efficiency and realizing high yield of cotton.

  Effects of Crop Stubbles and Fertilization on the Percentage of Seeds Damaged by Pest of Continuous Cropping Soybean 2012, 28 (3):  131-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2220 Abstract + ( 1238 )   PDF ( 583559KB )   ( 843 ) Effects of crop stubbles and fertilization on the percentage of seeds damaged by pest of soybean continuous cropping (SCC) was studied by completely randomized experiment in Longzhen Farm of Heilongjiang during 2003-2005. The results for 3 years showed that the interaction of the crop stubbles and fertilizations on the percentage of seeds damaged by pest of SCC had no significant influence, and the change of the percentage of seeds damaged by pest among the interaction combinations had no obviously regular either. The main effect of fertilizations on the percentage of seeds damaged by pest of SCC had significantly and very significantly influence, however, the effect of fertilizer kinds and the amounts on the percentage of seeds damaged by pest of SCC had no regular either. The stubble main effect of 2003 and 2004 on the percentage of seeds damaged by pest of SCC had no significant influence; but the one of 2005 had very significant influence. The results from the 3 year trails showed that the percentage of seeds damaged by pest of SCC in soybean stubble was all higher than that in alfalfa and maize stubble in same year, which mean the more the years of SCC get, the heavier the percentage of seeds damaged by pest happen.

  The Study on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) 2012, 28 (3):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2047 Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 1091000KB )   ( 947 ) In order to establish a molecular breeding protocol for peanut, a reliable and highly efficient method for the regeneration of intact plants from in vitro culture is essential. In the current study, a protocol was developed for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from embryo leaflet cultures using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which 'Guihua 30' and 'Guihua 771' were used as the test varieties. It was found that the embryo leaflets as explants were more effective for induction of somatic embryos. Nevertheless, in the tested five cases, 2,4-D at 10 mg/L was optimally effective for maximum induction of somatic embryos per explant, with an average of 5.68 for 'Guihua 30' and 4.27 for 'Guihua 771'. After germination of somatic embryos, regenerated plantlets were recovered on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 6-benzylaminopurine in concentrations from 5 mg/L to 1.5 mg/L, with a plantlet regeneration rate of 32.6% for 'Guihua 30' and 23.5% for 'Guihua 771'. Peanut is one of the crops which are difficult to induct somatic embryos, and further study may be needed to find out more favorable genotypes and explants and plant growth hormones with optimal concentration for the regeneration of peanut transgenic plants.

  A Mathematical Model on Estimating Stem-Leaf Biomass of Cassava 2012, 28 (3):  143-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1882 Abstract + ( 1280 )   PDF ( 1218756KB )   ( 951 ) In order to establish forecasting the unity of cassava stem leaf biomass mathematical model. This study investigated five cassava varieties, stem base and middle and upper stem diameter and stem base to branch of stem length and in the branch of various branches diameter, length, etc. And the stem and branches biomass were divided into two parts, this paper probed into the two parts with relevant morphological indexes of biomass relationship. Through a variety of model fitting compared. In the end, gained a cassava estimating model of stem-leaf biomass by simulating model and choosing was to be the best. Including RMSE was 104.2, correlation coefficient was 0.9110, fitting effect was good. And this model than their predecessors fitting results of mathematical model has better fitting effect.

  Study on Activity Changes of Oxidoreductases in Ginseng Stems in the Different Growth Stages 2012, 28 (3):  148-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2246 Abstract + ( 1633 )   PDF ( 650282KB )   ( 858 ) The aim was to study the changes of oxidoreductase activity of ginseng stems in the different growth stages of growing season. A five-year old ginseng stems as material. Neutral phosphate buffer is selected to extract crude extract. UV was applied to determine the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Activity peaks of four kinds of oxidoreductase appeared in the spreading stage, the flowering stage and the fruit growth stage, and the highest was in the fruit growth stage. 4 kinds of enzyme activity were at a low level, and changes of enzyme activity were relatively flat after the root growing after fruit stage. Changes of 4 kinds of enzyme activity in ginseng stem are closely related to stem growth, flower and fruit formation.

  The Effects of Grinding Methods on Measured values of Available K in Soil 2012, 28 (3):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2832 Abstract + ( 1141 )   PDF ( 625543KB )   ( 1315 ) The reason which leads to different measured values of available K in soil after different grinding method treatments was studied in order to provide a scientific basis for nutrients analysis in soil and formulated fertilization. 3 different grinding methods were used to deal with the soil samples, and they were hand rolling, 2800 r/min and 25000 r/min rolling treatments with grinder. Potassium in the soil was extracted with ammonium acetate solution, and its content was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of variance analysis showed that available potassium content in the soil after 25000 r/min rolling treatment was significant higher than that of other two treatments. Available potassium content in the soil after hand rolling treatment was higher than that of 2800 r/min rolling treatment, while the difference was not significant. Available potassium content in the soil of 25000 r/min rolling treatment was 8.45%-181.60% higher compared with hand rolling treatment, and 9.65%-238.72% higher compared with 2800 r/min treatment. Available potassium content in the soil of hand rolling treatment was 1.11%-27.15% higher compared with 2800 r/min treatment. The potassium values did not accelerate with the increase of the mill speed in certain speed range.

  Fast Determining the Nitrate Contents in a Plant Sample Using a Reflectometer Based on Double Wavelength Technology 2012, 28 (3):  157-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2261 Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 752523KB )   ( 917 ) In order to find a new fast method for testing nitrate in plant, we developed reflectometry YN-FS to test. Through the tests of standard samples, recoveries of samples, and contrast experiment with standard method, our purpose is to verify the feasibility of this new method. When nitrate content was 1.0-50.0 μg/mL, the experimental results showed that the recovery rate of standard addition method was up to 92.8%-107.9%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) reached 2.4%-4.6%. Also, the absolute error was less than 10%, there was highly significant positive correlation (r=0.999) between double wavelength reflection and nitric acid reduction method. Research found that using reflectometry based on double wavelength technology to test nitrate contents in a plant sample is stable and reliable.

  Characteristics of Matter Production and Accumulation under Mechanical Planting Methods of South China Double-cropping Rice 2012, 28 (3):  161-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2279 Abstract + ( 1427 )   PDF ( 588701KB )   ( 837 ) The object of this study was to explore the characteristics of dry matter accumulation of different mechanical planting methods in South China double-cropping rice region, to provide theoretical basis for the promotion of mechanical planting methods in rice production. The field experiment was conducted by using manual transplanting (P1) as control, and 4 mechanical planting methods (mechanical transplanting (P2), wide and narrow row precision hill-direct-seeding (P3), wide line and narrow plant precision hill-direct-seeding (P4), precision hill-direct-seeding together deep mechanized applying fertilizers (P5)). Results showed that: yields of early and late rice of P5 were the highest, reached 7.33 t/hm2 and 7.03 t/hm2, respectively. After heading, early and late rice matter accumulation of P5 were the highest and reach 16.57 t/hm2, 13.92 t/hm2 respectively, the mechanical planting methods matter accumulation showed no significant with P1; leaf area index and photosynthetic potential of P5 were the highest and reach 5.32, 4.74 and 122.07×104 (m2?d)/hm2, 163.63×104 (m2?d)/hm2 respectively, the highest growth rate of early rice was P5 reach 37.30 g/(m2?d), and that of late rice was P2 reach 14.92 g/(m2?d), compare with P1, very small part of leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and growth rate of mechanical planting methods showed significant level. According to the research results, the mechanical planting methods showed certain yield advantages, due to the indicators of matter production and accumulation, and P5 showed the most significant effect.

  The Strategy and Practice of Solving the Breeding Problems of the Low Temperature Sensitive Two-line Nuclear Male Sterile 2012, 28 (3):  166-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2218 Abstract + ( 1228 )   PDF ( 589722KB )   ( 939 ) To solve the breeding problems of the low-temperature sensitive two-line nuclear male sterile, 48 years meteorological statistics of Baoshan City, Yunnan Province were analyzed, and different CMS breeding experiment in different year and different base of Baoshan City, Yunnan Province was studied. The results showed that: the probability of meeting the fertility sensitive security stage and flowering security period of the two-line nuclear male sterile with the sterile starting temperature of 22℃ was 83.34%, which was 48.34% higher than that of Sanya City, Hainan Province. Different CMS fertility transformed smoothly in Baoshan City breeding, especially C815S, which was large-scale bred at an altitude of 1560 meters bases, the yield reached 9133.5 kg/hm2, which created the highest record of breeding of the rice CMS lines. Therefore, to build dual-using nuclear sterile line breeding base in Baoshan City was the strategies of solving the breeding problems of the low-temperature sensitive two-line nuclear male sterile.

  Analysis of Yield Traits and Stability in Wheat Regional Trials 2012, 28 (3):  172-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2209 Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 558989KB )   ( 1062 ) To appraise the performance of yield traits and stability of wheat varieties, the data collected from wheat regional trials of Huaibei Region in Jiangsu Province in 2008 and 2009, were analyzed with the analysis methods for unbalanced data from regional trial of crop variety. The results of variance components estimation showed that: yield performance was mainly affected by location and interaction between year and location. The average grain yield of the tested wheat varieties ranged from 7078.35 kg/hm2 to 7798.11 kg/hm2. The yield of four varieties (i. e. V2, V3, V13 and V14) were significantly higher than those of the control. V13 was the best, which was 500.97 kg/hm2 higher than the control V21 with a rise of 6.87%. The yields of V8 and V18 were relatively low but there was no significant difference with those of the control. Except for V14, which was sensitive to environmental composite indexes, and V4 and V6, which showed poor identity, the other varieties showed similar stability. Overall, V2 and V13 were the varieties with high and stable yield, while V14 was one with high and unstable yield. In order to evaluate yield traits and stability of the tested varieties, it is necessary to perform multi-year and multi-location tests in wheat regional trials.

  Innovation and Practice on Breeding Direction of Wheat 2012, 28 (3):  177-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1722 Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 875068KB )   ( 1116 ) For the mid-1980s, Sichuan, Chongqing and breeding wheat area and production of varieties of the direction and approval contradiction between the need to practice. From the development of production, market economy and the people need, analyzes the wheat was more validation and promote the use of fewer phenomenon, summed up the red species of small grain spikelet promote slow, farmers do not want to grow, big ear white species of large grain promotion of speed reasons. Proposed a "commodity-based high-quality disease-resistant breeding big ear big grain harvest sprouting resistance of new varieties of white wheat" breeding a new direction. After 20 years of efforts, and encouraged the ‘Mianyang25’, ‘Mianyang26’, ‘Mianyang27’, ‘Mianyang28’, ‘Mianyang31’, ‘Xikemai1’, ‘Xikemai6’ number of other white wheat varieties, these varieties of wheat in Sichuan Province has become the sixth largest replacement headed varieties. Of Sichuan Province and China's wheat breeding, wheat production and food security in the country made a great contribution. Promote the cultivation of varieties of the above, that white wheat varieties in yield, quality, disease resistance and other aspects as much as red wheat, and in the value of commodities, promotion speed is superior to red species. As a result, I believe, is easy to break through the traditional red wheat breeding validation constraints, the market economy, people's needs, social development closely, breeding high-yielding commodity-based, high-quality, disease resistance, large panicle large grain wheat harvest sprouting resistance varieties of wheat breeding is Xinan Mai District, a new direction.

  Research of Irrigation Scheduling of Spring Wheat and Alfalfa in Arid Desert Region of Northern Xinjiang 2012, 28 (3):  187-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2200 Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 557731KB )   ( 830 ) The yielding of Altay prairie was mainly developed on barren desert land，determination of irrigation scheduling has important practical significance on the rational exploitation of water resources, irrigation management, ecological restoration of natural vegetation and other work. This article analyzed and compared test data based on the irrigation experiment of United Nation’s "2817 Project", got spring wheat and alfalfa irrigation scheduling in the high yield initially. The results showed that, spring wheat should adopt a "less quantity and more times" irrigation scheduling, and irrigation scheduling was 433 mm and irrigation frequency was 10. Optimal irrigation quota of spring wheat before heading was 60 mm, and other reproductive stage irrigation quota was 30-45 mm. Irrigation scheduling of alfalfa mowing three times was 849 mm and irrigation frequency was 15 times,The first irrigation quota of three stubbles was 60 mm, 67 mm and 67 mm, and other irrigation quota were 40-60 mm. Studies have shown that, spring wheat achieved high yield when the soil moisture content is 70% of field water capacity, and the optimal solution of alfalfa yield was that the soil moisture content of seedling, branch extension and flowering maturity stage was 65%, 45% and 45% of field water capacity.

  Study on Cultivation Technology of High Yield Combination of Hybrid Maize ‘Bidan17’ 2012, 28 (3):  191-195.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2045 Abstract + ( 1301 )   PDF ( 581070KB )   ( 869 ) In order to do that ‘Bidan17’ was high yield at high altitudes, using the second order regression current rotation design, the experiment was conducted with ‘Bidan17’ to study the effect of density and the cooperative relation among N, P and K. The mathematical model was established and the best cultivation scheme was gained. The results showed that: at high altitudes the cultivation scheme of ‘Bidan17’ yield more than 9850.00 kg/hm2 was that: density 65805-70620 plant per hm2, N 449.85-485.1 kg/hm2, P2O5 273.75-326.25 kg/hm2, K2O 224.64-323.85 kg/hm2,and the sequence was N > P2O5 > K2O of influence on the yield ,and N has certain complementation with K2O.

  Effects of Different Treatments of Irrigation and Fertilization on the Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Characteristic of Potato 2012, 28 (3):  196-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1000 Abstract + ( 1108 )   PDF ( 640604KB )   ( 846 ) The experiment, combining field experiment and laboratory analysis, was conducted to study yield components and the change rule of Nitrogen utilization characteristic with potato variety “gram new No 1” under the condition of water and nitrogen coupling, and to identify the best water and nitrogen supply under the condition of furrow irrigation of Wuchuan areas Inner Mongolia. It indicated that increasing irrigation or nitrogen all could increase the tuber yield per plant, mainly enlarged the weight of single tuber, less affected the number of potato per plant. In low and medium moisture conditions, the yield ascended with nitrogen increasing, and in high moisture condition, it showed a single-peak curve with nitrogen increasing. Irrigation was in favor of increasing tuber yield. Nitrogen agronomy efficiency and partial productivity gradually reduced with the increase of nitrogen, while physiological utilization efficiency presented the trend of increasing at first, and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen in high or low moisture conditions, and declined in medium moisture conditions. Both nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen physiological utilization declined with the increase of irrigation, but partial productivity increased. When the nitrogen rate was 150-225 kg/hm2 and irrigation rate was 2400 m3/hm2, both the yield and nitrogen utilization of potato were higher, and it was the suitable match for local potato plant.

  Planting Pattern and Efficiency Analysis of Rapes with No-tillage Sowing in Plastic Ffilm Corn Field 2012, 28 (3):  202-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2077 Abstract + ( 1373 )   PDF ( 559940KB )   ( 984 ) Planting rapes with no-tillage sowing in plastic film corn field could solve the problems such as dryland direct-seeding rape in southwestern mountainous, such as soil water shortage at sowing time, ground temperature relatively low, labor force general deficiency, field management extensive, yield and production value respectively lower. Planting pattern and efficiency analysis of rapes in different planting patterns were studied, in order to evaluate the planting pattern and feasibility of planting rapes with no-tillage sowing in plastic film corn field. Take the general planting pattern as control, the comparative research of three planting pattern including removing membrane, breaking film, residual layer pattern were studied in the same field. The breaking film hill seeding cultivation pattern could promote the full stand of seeding and seedling growth by heat-insulating and humid-holding property of residual membrane in plastic film corn field. The yield could reach 4023.00 kg/hm2, by this cultivation pattern with no-tillage sowing, the production value was up to 18103.50 yuan, the net income attained 8053.50 yuan and the input-output ratio was 1:1.80. The production value and net income respectively was 18.95% and 92.01% higher than that of the conventional plow tillage cultivation pattern. It was viable to plant rape with breaking film and removing membrane, in dryland and low temperature areas. This planting pattern had the advantage of low-input, a saver of time and strength, high-yield, high-value and in favor of spread and exploitation in large area.

  Evaluation of Production Performance for Wild Saccharum spontaneum L. Germplasm 2012, 28 (3):  206-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1798 Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 637094KB )   ( 891 ) Saccharum spontaneum is a common wild plant resource widely spread in China. In order to develop and utilize Saccharum spontaneum as a herbal energy plant, twenty-one wild accessions were assessed by production performance. The results were as follow: all accessions could finish a complete growth period. Accession SAGS08081’s growth period lasted 167 days as the longest one, whereas, accession SAGS08068 had the shortest growth period that was 127 days. Growth height and speed of twenty-one accessions varied almost the same, from jointing date to heading date, the speed of growth was the fastest. Among all production indexes, variation of individual dry yield and tiller number was the most significant, coefficient of variation was 52.39% and 46.30%, respectively. And number of internodes had the smallest coefficient of variation was only 14.99%. Yield of individuals was obviously different. Individual fresh yield ranged from 98.30 g to 1238.90 g, with an average 481.27 g. The dry yield was 45.39-335.62 g with an average 165.51 g. Cluster analysis divided all accessions into two groups, and accessions in group I were superior to group II at all indexes.

  Effect of Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer on Cotton Yield and Apparent N Recovery Rates 2012, 28 (3):  213-217.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2109 Abstract + ( 1165 )   PDF ( 620076KB )   ( 1035 ) In order to promote reasonable and efficient use of the slow/controlled-release fertilizer, and reduce agricultural production input, the effect of slow/controlled-release fertilizer on cotton yield and apparent N recovery rates was studied under field conditions. L22 was used and 4 types of Controlled release N fertilizer treatments were applied. The results showed that T2, T3 and T4 treatment effectively increases leave area and Aerial part dry weight comparing to T1 at seedling stage. The yield of unginned cotton of 4 types of Controlled release N fertilizer treatments were higher than CK2, the practical effect of T1 and T2 was more prominent, with 16% and 15%, respectively. As far as fertilizer use efficiency was concerned, there was a striking increase under 4 types of controlled-release N fertilizer treatments compared to that of CK2, the range was between 2%-13%. The value of T2 was highest, increased by 12.84% and 4.34%, respectively, compared with that of CK2 and T1.In consideration of saving investment and raise economic benefit, the ratio of 7:3 between PCU and PU is optimal.

  Forecast Research on Efficient Water Use in Crop Farming of Hebei Province 2012, 28 (3):  218-224.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1531 Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 2287490KB )   ( 723 ) For the sake of relaxing the grim situation of groundwater overlift of Hebei Province, through adopting expert interviewing method and Big Figure theorem, study the water-using and water-saving of lower, middle, higher three plans of 2011-2015, 2016-2020 seven different crops of six different ecological type of Hebei Province. The results indicated that: next 2011-2015, the water-using of lower plan was about 129 millions cubic meter, water-saving was about 14 millions cubic meter, the water-using of middle plan was about 122 millions cubic meter, water-saving was about 21 millions cubic meter, the water-using of higher plan was about 115 millions cubic meter, water-saving was about 28 millions cubic meter; next 2016-2020, the water-using of lower plan was about 123 millions cubic meter, water-saving was about 7 millions cubic meter, the water-using of middle plan was about 112 millions cubic meter, water-saving was about 10 millions cubic meter, the water-using of higher plan was about 102 millions cubic meter water-saving was about 12 millions cubic meter, every middle plan is fairly ideal, the most feasibility therefore to provide theory for Hebei Province relieving the problem of the shortage of water resource and over exploitation in future 5-10 years, and so on.

  Advances of Plant Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis and Export Pathway 2012, 28 (3):  225-232.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2092 Abstract + ( 947 )   PDF ( 571939KB )   ( 1203 ) Plant cuticular wax, a hydrophobic layer that covers the aerial surfaces of all land plants, plays important roles in plant growth and development, and in plant adaptation to environment. This article reviewed the recent advances in plant cuticular wax biosynthesis, export and regulation pathways. The problems and the research foreground of these pathways were also discussed in this article.

  Construction of Plant Expression Vector pCAMBIAl302-zeolin-GFP and the Transient Expression 2012, 28 (3):  233-239.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1418 Abstract + ( 1502 )   PDF ( 1863147KB )   ( 1326 ) To utilize fluorescin gene GFP to detect the express and localization of exogenous gene, plant expression vector pCAMBIAl302-zeolin with a green fluorescent protein gene would be constructed. The total length sequence of zeolin gene in pDHA plasmid was amplified by PCR. The fragment was cloned into pMD18-T middle vector, and a new recombined vector named pMD18-T-zeolin was obtained. A new plant expression vector named pCB-GFP-zeolin was constructed after cutting two vector pMD18-zeolin and pCAMBIA1302 with restriction enzymes, subsequently reclamation, ligation, transformation and identification. Then the recombined plant expression vector pCAMBIAl302-zeolin with a green fluorescent protein gene was transformed into epidemic cells of onion by gene gun method and was detected by confocal microscopy. The recombined plant expression vector pCAMBIAl302-zeolin with a green fluorescent protein gene has been constructed and the fusion gene was transient expressed. It was suggested that the recombined plant expression vector pCAMBIAl302-zeolin with a green fluorescent protein gene was successful. Construction of the plant expression vector might play an important role in genetic transformation, the gene functional identification and breeding of new varieties.

  Study of Transformation of Tobacco with Perilipin Gene 8-3 Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2012, 28 (3):  240-244.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3133 Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 1616873KB )   ( 882 ) To find new resistance genes and study perilipin gene 8-3 related to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a couple of primers containing restriction enzyme sites of Xba I and BamH I were designed to clone the 8-3 from cloning vector pMD19-T-8-3, and the product was digested and lignased with plant expression vector pBI121. The pBI121-8-3 was transformed into LBA4404 and the 8-3 gene was transformed into Nicotiana tabacum 89 mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 35 resistant lines were obtained, 21 of which were identified as transgenic plants by PCR and sequencing. The further identification of RT-PCR was confirmed that the 8-3 was expressed in the transgenic plants. The transgenic tobacco infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and oxalic acid showed that 8-3 could improve the plants' tolerance level to oxalic acid and enhance the resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to a certain extent, which laid the foundation for the study of 8-3 gene and plant resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

  Biological Characters of the Pathogen Causing Sesame Wilt from the Main Sesame Production Areas in China 2012, 28 (3):  245-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1185 Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 2194218KB )   ( 782 ) The pathogen causing sesame wilt was collected from the main sesame production areas, including Hubei Province, Henan Province, Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province and Liaoning Province, and 25 strains were isolated finally, also attempted to develop a mature method about isolating, purifying and conserving the sesame wilt pathogen. Based on the direct observation of the phenotypes and sequencing of the rDNA-ITS region by the universal primers ITS1 and ITS4, most of the pathogens were confirmed to be Fusarium oxysporum, a little of the pathogens belonged to the Fusarium oxysporum. This study firstly showed systematic evidences that: Fusarium oxysporum causing sesame wilt in China, and many differences were also detected among these strains in morphology and pathogenicity. The results may be helpful for controlling the Fusarium oxysporum infecting sesame.

  Effects of Secondary Metabolites on Activities of Glutathione S-transferases, Carboxylesterase in Aphid 2012, 28 (3):  253-256.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1534 Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 614498KB )   ( 872 ) The aim was to clarify the effects of plant allelochemicals on the detoxification enzyme activities in aphid. The effects of 2-tridecanone and quercetin on the specific activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and carboxylesterase (CarE) in aphid were investigated by using feeding and fumigation treatments. The results showed that the aphids fed on artificial diet added 0.1% 2-tridecanone and 0.01% quercetin showed the maximum activities of GSTs and CarE, respectively. The maximum activity of GSTs was at 24 h and the difference was significant compared to the control. The maximum activities of CarE measured using α-NA and β-NA as substrates were at 48 h, and the difference were significant compared the control. The activities were increased by 2.45-fold and 2.53-fold respectively compared to the control. Thus, the activities of GSTs and CarE were induced on dosage significantly, by feeding 2-tridecanone and quercetin respectively, and on time significantly by 2-tridecanone fumigation.

  Biodiversity Connectivity of Seed Plants from Xitianmu Mountain and its Adjacent Areas, Zhejiang Province 2012, 28 (3):  257-262.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1906 Abstract + ( 1255 )   PDF ( 990022KB )   ( 722 ) In order to study the biodiversity connectivity of seed plants from Tianmu mountain range, floras of Longwangshan, Xitianmu and Dongtianmu, Zhejiang Province were studied concerning geographical elements analysis, biodiversity capacity, and biodiversity flux. The results showed that these three areas Pan-tropical element was dominant at generic level while North temperate was dominant at familial level, indicating an obvious transitional floristic characteristic. Based on number of species and richness index, the biodiversity capacity of Xitianmu was the largest of all. In light of biodiversity flux, the familial similarities among the three areas were more than 70% while the species similarities, except between Longwangshan and Xitianmu, were more than 50%. Meanwhile, the generic similarities were more than those at species level but less than at familial level. Accordingly, the result of floristic similarity suggested that there was marked differentiation of seed plants among those Nature Reserves within Tianmu mountain range. Thus, it might be conducive to promote the whole preservation of biodiversity across Tianmushan mountain range by strengthening the protection and rehabilitation of plant bio-diversity in Dongtianmu, as well as by constructing ecological corridors.

  Countermeasure on Current Situation of Safe Agro-food Supervision System 2012, 28 (3):  263-266.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3448 Abstract + ( 1284 )   PDF ( 489624KB )   ( 844 ) In this context, based on the regulation status of the safe agricultural products in China recently, it had already introduced the regulation foundations of safe agricultural products, key measures of regulation and guaranteed of working system. It had also highlighted the current situation and existing weaknesses of regulation works of safe agricultural products. It had provided the measures accordingly, for example, it improved the regulation team, strengthening regulation by law and so on. Finally, it has shown the management ideas which were “regulation by law, scientific regulation, prevention of risks and traceability management”.

  Study on Pectinase Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Plumula Nelumbinis 2012, 28 (3):  267-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2946 Abstract + ( 1227 )   PDF ( 738112KB )   ( 1014 ) Improving the extraction efficiency of flavonoids from plumula nelumbinis, pectinase assisted extraction has been adopted. The effects of enzymatic hydrolysis temperature, pH value, enzyme dosage and enzymatic hydrolysis time on extraction yield of flavonoids from plumula nelumbinis were investigated. The processing parameters were optimized by orthogonal array design. The results showed that the order of the primary and secondary factors for the yield of flavonoids was enzyme dosage>enzymatic hydrolysis temperature>enzymatic hydrolysis time>pH value. The optimal extraction conditions were enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50℃, pH 4.5, enzyme dosage 0.6 mg/mL, and enzymatic hydrolysis time 2.0 h, the extraction yield of flavonoids from plumula nelumbinis was 1.271% on optimum technological conditions. Compared to traditional water extraction method (90℃、45 min), the pectinase assisted extraction method has the advantages of improving yield with lower extraction temperature. The extraction yield of flavonoids from plumula nelumbinis has increased by 28.64%.

  The Affection that Different Temperature of Sample Dispersion to Ratio of Amylose and Amylopectin, Total Starch Content with Double Wavelength Spectrophotometric on Cassava 2012, 28 (3):  272-276.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2270 Abstract + ( 1402 )   PDF ( 657025KB )   ( 983 ) In order to study determination of the ratio of amylose and amylopectin, total starch content for cassava roots. By using double wavelength spectrophotometric, study different temperature of sample dispersion affect the percentage rate of amylase and amylopectin, total starch content on cassava. The results showed that: within the temperature of 70℃ to 100℃, when the temperature was 85℃, the percentage of amylose was the relative minimum. Correspond to, when it was 85℃, the percentage of amylopectin was the highest. Different temperature of sample dispersion affect total starch content in fresh cassava roots, when the temperature was 80℃, the determination was the maximum. The temperature of sample dispersion affected the determination results of the ratio of amylose, amylopectin, total starch content.

  Effect of Alterative Puffing Regime on pH and Chemical Compounds in mainstream smoke 2012, 28 (3):  277-281.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3294 Abstract + ( 1414 )   PDF ( 491080KB )   ( 1001 ) In order to investigate the influence of smoking regime on the pH and the yields of chemical compounds of mainstream smoke, the difference of pH value, deliveries of TPM, nicotine and CO in mainstream smoke was studied with alternative puffing regime using smoking machine. Results showed that shortening puffing frequency, reducing butt length, increasing puffing volume and can increase pH value, yield of TPM, nicotine and CO in mainstream smoke. However, no linear relationship was found. When the puffing parameters were changed, the nicotine delivery of cigarette mainstream smoke was greater than on that of other matters, while pH value of cigarette mainstream smoke was smaller than on that of other matters.

  Study on the Relationship between Polyphenols Content and Chemical Index of Flue-cured Tobacco in Different Amount of Applied Nitrogen 2012, 28 (3):  282-289.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1730 Abstract + ( 2394 )   PDF ( 1286125KB )   ( 3516 ) Field experiments and chemical analysis were carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on the polyphenols and there relationship with chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves. The results showed that, the proportion of chlorogenic acid and rutin was in the majority (from 77.77% to 88.64%) in different amount of applied nitrogen; as the increasing of the amount of applied nitrogen, chlorogenic acid content, 4-o-caffeoyl quinic acid content, rutin content, scopoletin content and the totals of 5 kinds of polyphenols were decreased markedly at first, and then increased slightly, while neochlorogenic acid content had the increasing trend. The relationship between polyphenols content (5 kinds of polyphenols and there totals) and main chemical composition (nicotine content, total nitrogen content, the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine and total nitrogen to nicotine) could be simulated by dualistic and quadratic equation respectively with highly significant relation.

  Process Optimization for Microwave-assisted Extraction of Camellia oleifera 2012, 28 (3):  290-294.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2511 Abstract + ( 1273 )   PDF ( 930137KB )   ( 859 ) To optimize the microwave-assisted extraction process of Camellia oleifera, Box-behnken design (BBD) combined with response surface methodology has been used to evaluate the effects of process parameters including extraction time, microwave power and solvent/material ratio on yield of Camellia oleifera. In the optimization, Design Expert 8.0.5 software was used to fit BBD experimental data and a quadratic polynomial regression model was developed for yield as a response to the above parameters. Results showed that the optimal values of technological parameters were as follows: extraction time 4 min, microwave power 500 W and solvent/material ratio 3.4:1(mL/g).

  Add Corn Flour Influence in Steamed Bread 2012, 28 (3):  295-299.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3208 Abstract + ( 1418 )   PDF ( 579795KB )   ( 1001 ) In order to choose the best technology of adding the corn flour, making steamed bread quality improving, we did an experiment of three factors with three levels. Factor A was for the amount of corn flour, with the levels of 15%, 20%,25%; Factor B was for the fermentation time, with the levels for 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 h; Factor C was for the quantity of water added, with the lever of 50%, 53%, 55%. Orthogonal analysis showed that the influence on sensory evaluation of the steamed bread was A>B>C, this was the amount of corn starch>the fermentation time>the amount of water. So in actual production, we should controlled the amount of corn flour to the best to ensure the quality of steamed bread increased significantly.

  Temperature Variation Characteristic and Minimum Temperature Forecast inside Solar Greenhouse in Winter in Shouguang in Shandong Province 2012, 28 (3):  300-304.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1999 Abstract + ( 1571 )   PDF ( 659132KB )   ( 849 ) In order to improve facility agro-meteorological services, and mitigate the impact of meteorological disasters on greenhouse vegetable production，based on the meteorological observation data inside and outside the solar greenhouse in winter during 2008-2011, the temperature characteristic and the minimum temperature forecast model inside the solar greenhouse in winter were studied by using correlation and stepwise regression analysis method. The results showed that the temperature inside the solar greenhouse had an obvious diurnal variation in sunny and cloudy days, and the range of temperature change was greater in sunny days than in cloudy days. The temperature inside the solar greenhouse was lower in continuous overcast days, and it seriously affected the normal growth and development of plants. The minimum temperature inside the solar greenhouse was preferably related to the temperature outside the solar greenhouse and the humidity, temperature and soil temperature inside the solar greenhouse. The minimum temperature forecast model inside the solar greenhouse in winter has been set up. The forecast model has been verified by recently data. The average absolute errors of the forecast minimum temperature inside the solar greenhouse in different weather conditions was less than 1℃, and the average relative errors were below 10%.

  Study on Agricultural Drought Monitoring in the South of Yangze River in AnHui 2012, 28 (3):  305-309.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1908 Abstract + ( 1282 )   PDF ( 683993KB )   ( 659 ) The aim was to establish drought monitoring model and discuss the applicability of the model. Based on the fall drought features in the south district of Yangtze River in AnHui Province, and the NOAA/AVHRR data, the index method was used. The polar orbit meteorological satellite data and surface soil moisture data were used for drought monitoring. The result showed that the model between VSWI and 20 cm soil moisture was significant at 0.05 level, models were y20cm=1.6708x+48.889 and y20cm=4.18x+18.848 respectively, but the model between VSWI and 10 cm soil moisture was not significant at 0.05 level, through testing and analysis, the too monitoring models could be used in practice.

  The Evaluation on the Land Intensive Utility in Hunan Province Based on DEA 2012, 28 (3):  310-314.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1970 Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 627248KB )   ( 743 ) Research on intensive use of urban land, conservation of resources utilization of the important practical significance at present in our country, can reduce the people much less for the contradiction of tension. Based on the existing theories and research review of the 14 cities of Hunan Province (State) District as an evaluation object, firstly, index system with regional characteristics, and then selected the 2009 Hunan section of the urban land use data, and finally the use of DEA (data envelopment analysis), calculated the efficiency of the value of the evaluation unit, on the basis of the urban construction land would be intensity sort of intensity of the urban construction land evaluation results compared. Therefore, Hunan intensity of land space in cities in descending order of Changsha, Hunan Autonomous Prefecture, Changde, Xiangtan, Chenzhou, Yiyang, Loudi, Yongzhou, Hengyang, Yueyang, Zhuzhou, Zhangjiajie, Shaoyang, Huaihua. The results can provide a decision reference for local land management institution.

  The Study of Tea-Culture Tourism Model and Development Strategy ——A Case Study of Guzhu Village，Zhejiang Province 2012, 28 (3):  315-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2287 Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 728995KB )   ( 971 ) Based on the study of tea-culture tourism characteristics and the present tourism models, and also drawing on the experience of predecessors, the present paper put forward the view that the choice of the tea-culture tourism models should integrate the interests of developers with the needs of visitors. The characteristics of local resources and the design of product should also take into consideration. Different combinations could be tried to enhance the subjective initiative in the application. Therefore, in the choosing of tea-culture tourism models, as for the developers, need to design different types of products according to their own traits to meet customers’ demand. The present paper took Guzhu village as a case study, by means of field study and questionnaire survey and other approaches put forward the relevant recommendations for the development of tea-culture models.