Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.26 Published:21 September 2016

  Biological Feed Fermented from Kitchen Garbage with Lactobacillus Yang Dandan,Pan Dongmei,Liu Shengpeng,Yao Gang,Yang Chuanlun and Ni Jianlong 2016, 32 (26):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020067 Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 1300KB )   ( 505 ) In order to achieve resource utilization of kitchen garbage, kitchen garbage was taken as raw material for solid state fermentation using Lactobacillus. Single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were conducted to optimize the fermentation process of biological feed. Results showed that the optimum fermentation process was mixing kitchen garbage with 10% wheat bran, 4% soybean meal and 125% water, sterilizing for 20 minutes at 121℃, then inoculating 2.0% Lactobacillus, and anaerobic fermenting for 48 hours at 32℃. Under the above condition, crude protein content of the fermented product increased by 5.36% compared with that of raw material, contents of crude fat, fiber and ash decreased, content of Lactobacillus increased to 24.8×108 CFU/g, and the hygienic indexes met the National Feed Hygiene Standards (GB13078—2001).

  Correlation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of VLDLR and CTSD Geneswith Egg Production Traits in Lingkun Chicken Zhang Liping,Liu Yali,Xiong Huaxin,Zeng Tao,Tian Yong,Zhou Shuhe,Lin Xingqin and Lu Lizhi 2016, 32 (26):  6-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030010 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 1639KB )   ( 332 ) In order to study the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and cathepsin D (CTSD), and find related candidate molecular markers of egg production traits in Lingkun chicken, SNPs of VLDLR and CTSD genes of 276 hens were screened by direct DNA sequencing and its correlation with egg production traits was analyzed to detect the molecular marker of the traits. The results showed that there was a SNP C13444T in VLDLR gene. The mutation site of C13444T was significantly correlated with Haugh unit (P<0.05) with ZTW being the advantage genotype; and it also was significantly correlated with yolk weight and yolk proportion (P<0.05) with ZCW being the advantage genotype. There were 5 SNPs (T2614C, C9445T, C9457T, C9475T, T11028C) in the exon 3, 7, 9 of CTSD gene. The mutation sites of T2614C was significantly correlated with Haugh unit and albumen height (P<0.05); the mutation sites of C9445T, C9475T were significantly correlated with 500-day-old egg production and egg weight, and the mutation site of C9457T was significantly correlated with egg weight; the mutation site of T11028C was significantly correlated with albumen height. The 3 SNPs (C13444T, C9457T, T11028C) were not in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the others were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results indicated that egg production traits were correlated with VLDLR and CTSD genes which could be the candidate molecular markers, and provided the basic data for the breeding of Lingkun chicken.

  Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 Affecting Growth Performance and Lincomycin Hydrochloride Residues of Broilers in Scale Breeding Gao Pengfei and Zhang Heping 2016, 32 (26):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030018 Abstract + ( 1764 )   PDF ( 820KB )   ( 519 ) This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on the growth performance, fecal pH and content of indole and skatole, lincomycin hydrochloride residue of broilers in the scale breeding. 180000 one-day-old commercial broilers (Arbor Acres, AA) were randomly divided into three groups with 60000 chickens in each group. The chickens in the control group were fed the basal diet, and those in the two test groups (group 1 and group 2) were fed the basal diet and L. plantarum P-8. Lincomycin hydrochloride was added in the basal diet of three groups for 30 days and the addition was 3, 3 and 1.5 g/t for the control group, group 1 and group 2, respectively. The results showed that the survival rate, average weight and water consumption of the two test groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), the feed conversion ratio of the two test groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the two test groups (P>0.05). The fecal pH and the content of indole and skatole in chicken fecal of the two test groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two test groups (P>0.05). The lincomycin hydrochloride residue in chicken of the two test groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference between the two test groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, L. plantarum P-8 is advantageous in reducing the dosage of antibiotics and improving the growth performance and breeding environment in the scale broiler breeding, and it is of benefit to the sustained and healthy development of poultry breeding, and will have a wide application prospect.

  Application of MTT Method for Detecting Rat Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Proliferation Liang Hongwei,Zhu Wenyu,Feng Bo,Wang Jianfang,Zhang Tao and Mu Xiang 2016, 32 (26):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060080 Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 2110KB )   ( 504 ) In order to evaluate cellular immune state more accurately and simply, we used MTT colorimetric analysis to detect the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in rats, and analyzed the optimum conditions of the experiment. Then we applied MTT method to the Transwell co-culture system in order to assess the effect of infecting endothelial cells by H9N2 AIV on the proliferation of lymphocytes which crossing endothelial cells. Results showed that the optimum culture time was 48 h when inoculating 1.25×106 lymphocytes per milliliter into the RPMI 1640 medium with 10% FBS in a 96 hole cell culture plate. The proliferation of lymphocytes was inhibited apparently after infected by virus. Lymphocytes and virus co-incubation reduced the amount of live virus with intact endothelium. On the contrary, this phenomenon disappeared. The result indicated that as one of the evaluation indexes of cellular immunity, lymphocytes proliferation could be detected by the optimized MTT method.

  Inhibition Capability of Camellia Pollen Extract on α-Amylase Wu Zhonggao,Ni Hui,Yang Yuanfan and Wang Xing 2016, 32 (26):  27-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030116 Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 1781KB )   ( 539 ) Bee pollen is a kind of bee products that has wide resources and lots of important physiological functions. In this paper, Camellia pollen extract (CPE) prepared by ethanol extraction was investigated for its α-amlyase inhibitory activity. As the results, the pollen extract significantly inhibited the activity of α-amlyase. The half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined to be 8.94 mg/mL. The inhibition belonged to non-competitive reversible inhibition with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 1.31 mg/mL. Lutin and gallic acid respectively affected the inhibitory activity as the positive and negative synergist, however, their concentrations did not display consistent trends on the synergistic rate. The strong synergistic effect of vitamin C on the inhibition of CPE was a negative model, which increased along with the increase of vitamin C concentration. These results provide a theoretical reference for comprehensive utilization of bee pollen and the development of α-amylase inhibitors from nature products.

  Economic Benefits and Its Influencing Factors of Tilapia Pond Culture in ChinaBased on Cobb-Douglas Production Function Yuan Yuan,Yuan Yongming,Dai Yunyun and Gong Yunchong 2016, 32 (26):  33-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030138 Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 562KB )   ( 458 ) In order to analyze the influencing factors on the economic benefit of tilapia culture, cost-benefits of tilapia pond monoculture, polyculture and integrated culture were calculated using survey data of 300 households from 12 counties in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian and Yunnan Province in 2014. Based on Cobb-Douglas production function model, the various input and output factors affecting the economic benefit of tilapia pond culture were calculated. The results indicated that among the three culture modes, integrated culture had the highest economic benefit, while tilapia pond monoculture had the lowest economic benefit. Feed inputs, labor number and pond area were the most significant factors affecting the efficiency of tilapia pond culture. To improve the economic benefit of tilapia pond culture, the authors put forward the suggestions including developing the healthy ecological pond culture to improve the quality of tilapia products, reducing feed coefficient to improve efficiency of feed utilization, setting up industrial management organization and developing e-commerce to expand the market of tilapia products at home and abroad.

  Acetolactate Synthase and ALS Gene Research Ren Honglei 2016, 32 (26):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050099 Abstract + ( 929 )   PDF ( 1327KB )   ( 771 ) Acetyl lactic acid synthetase inhibitor herbicide has dominated the herbicide market since 1990s because of its special advantages. With the appearance of genetically modified crops resistant to glyphosate, the sales quantity of glyphosate increase greatly and acetyl lactic acid synthetase inhibitor herbicide decrease sharply. However, a large number of glyphosate resistant weeds appear, people are looking forward to breeding different kinds of genetically modified crops with herbicide resistances, and crops with resistance to ALS inhibitor herbicides become the first choice. In this paper, we summarized the construction and function of acetyl lactic acid synthetase, action mechanism of herbicide and research development of ALS resistant gene, with the expectation to provide reference for screening inhibitor gene resistant to ALS.

  Predation Selectivity of Harpactor fuscipes for Important Pests in Tobacco Su Xiangning,Deng Haibin,Cai Qingnian and Zhang Maoxin 2016, 32 (26):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010145 Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 1144KB )   ( 423 ) To provide a scientific basis for more reasonable and effective application of Harpctor fuscipes to prevent and control of tobacco important pests, the behavior response of an assassin bug, Harpctor fuscipes to Myzus persicae, Heliothis assulta and Spodoptera litura, was examined using the Y-tube olfactometer. The results showed that Harpactor fuscipes adult was strongly attracted by M. persicae larva, the 3rd-instar larvae of H. assulta and S. litura, the percentages of the bug adult that selecting the three species were up to 34.44%, 40.00% and 51.11%, respectively, and were all significantly higher than that of the control groups. When selecting M. persicae larva, the 3rd-instar larvae of H. assulta and S. litura, Harpactor fuscipes adult took 14.53, 13.44 and 9.38 min, respectively, and the time that Harpactor fuscipes spent on the 3rd-instar larvae of S. litura was significantly shorter than that of the other two species. Moreover, among the three prey species, Harpactor fuscipes preferred to select the 3rd-instar larvae of S. litura. The result would provide an important reference for artificial breeding and wide application of H. fuscipes on controlling the important pests and thus guarantee the safety production of agricultural products.

  Predation of Pardosa pseudoannulata and Pardosa procurva Against Plutella xylostella Zeng Liangbin,Cheng Yi,Yan Zhun,Ma Jun,Ren Shunxiang,Wei Lin and Xue Zhaodong 2016, 32 (26):  48-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020091 Abstract + ( 1941 )   PDF ( 771KB )   ( 525 ) In order to research the predation of Pardosa pseudoannulata and Pirata procurva on Plutella xylostella larvae, the predation amount of P. xylostella larvae by the two spiders under different temperatures and the predation amount of P. xylostella larvae by P. pseudoannulata under different volumes were analyzed. Based on three factors in five levels, the quadratic general regression rotation combination design was used to study the combined control effect of the two spiders on P. xylostella larvae and the control effect of P. pseudoannulata on the larvae of P. xylostella and Spodoptera litura. The results showed that the predation amount of the two spiders on P. xylostella larvae increased first and then decreased with the increase of temperature, and the functional predation response of P. pseudoannulata and P. procurva on the fourth instar larvae of P. xylostella fitted with the Holling-Ⅱ model, and the Holling-Ⅲ model could perfect the predation effect. Different volumes had great effect on the feeding of P. pseudoannulata. Instantaneous attack ability (a''), the time preying one diamondback moth (Th) and predation function (a''/Th) in a small volume were higher than that in a larger volume. The predation of the two spiders on P. xylostella was positively correlated with their densities. The overall effect of the factors was the density of P. xylostella＞the density of P. procurva＞the density of P. pseudoannulata. The densities of P. xylostella and S. litura larvae could affect the feeding amount of P. pseudoannulata. But there was no predation preference for P. pseudoannulata on the larve of P. xylostella and S. litura. The results will provide a reference for the evaluation of control effect of P. xylostella by P. pseudoannulata and P. procurvus in the field.

  Construction and Analysis of Natural Population Life Table of Hyphantria cunea Xin Shanlin,Kong Xuehua,Su Jixiang and Liu Yanfeng 2016, 32 (26):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030002 Abstract + ( 776 )   PDF ( 585KB )   ( 378 ) In order to study the natural population dynamics of Hyphantria cunea, the acting factors were used to build a life table of natural populations of Hyphantria cunea in three generations within a year, and the life table was studied and discussed. The results showed that the population trend indexes of the first and third generation were 230.93 and 43.97, which were the maximum and minimum, respectively. Parasite enemy was the important factor influencing the first and second generation of Hyphantria cunea, and both natural death and parasite enemy were the important factor influencing the third generation. Furthermore, exclusion index of population control (EIPC) of parasite enemy of the first generation was the lowest (1.150), and that of the third generation was the highest (1.862). Chouioia cunea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was the dominant species. The results provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and forecast of Hyphantria cunea.

  Three Kinds of Pesticides Affecting the Activities of Protective and Detoxifying Enzymesin Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch in vitro Wing Ying,Sun Lili,Saxiyaertu and Wang Zhiying 2016, 32 (26):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030175 Abstract + ( 548 )   PDF ( 616KB )   ( 299 ) To provide basic data and theoretical guidance for the scientific use of pesticides, the effects of three kinds of pesticides on the activities of protective enzymes (SOD,CAT) and detoxifying enzymes (CarE, GST) in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum adult in vitro were studied. The enzyme solutions were prepared using Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adult. Different concentrations of imidacloprid, chlorbenzuron and abamectin were prepared, which were 0.001, 0.010, 0.100, 1.000, 10.000 mg/L. Then effects of the three kinds of pesticides on the enzymes were analyzed. The results showed that the activity of CAT was greatly inhibited by 0.010 mg/L imidacloprid solution and 0.001 mg/L chlorbenzuron, and the inhibitory rate was 49.62% and 52.11%, respectively. However, the activity of CAT was slightly inhibited by abamectin. The activity of SOD was slightly inhibited by abamectin. The activity of SOD was induced by high concentrations of imidacloprid (>0.010 mg/L). The activity of CarE was inhibited by abamectin while it was induced by imidacloprid and chlorbenzuron. The three kinds of pesticides all inhibited the activity of GST, but the imidacloprid showed the strongest inhibitory effect on GST. The results indicated that the activities of protective enzymes and the detoxifying enzymes in vitro were directly related to different kinds of pesticides, and the effects of the different type pesticides on the activities of in vitro enzymes were significantly different.

  Plant Quarantine System at Home and Abroad and Implications for China Zhang Hong,Nie Yan,Wang Yutao,Zhang Shuqiu,Wang Wenzheng,Chen Zilei,Zhao Yuhua and Zhang Xinming 2016, 32 (26):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030131 Abstract + ( 932 )   PDF ( 496KB )   ( 794 ) In order to improve plant quarantine system and give full play to the role of plant quarantine in agricultural production and trade, an overview of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), regional plant protection organizations, TBT/SPS agreement and quarantine bilateral agreement were presented in this paper. Meanwhile, the content and characteristics of the phytosanitary system of developed countries and organizations such as the United States, the European Union, Japan and Australia were described from the perspectives of institution setting, legal system and standards. The current situation of plant quarantine in China was also summarized. Combining with the actual situation in China, the authors proposed to improve the plant quarantine laws and standard system, promote the pest risk analysis, build and strengthen the coordination of the various inspection and quarantine projects and actively participate in formulating international standards for better protection of China’s international trade of agricultural products.

  Optimized Extraction Conditions of Stropharia rugosoannulata Polysaccharides by Alkaline Method Wang Hong and Zhang Qilin 2016, 32 (26):  71-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030182 Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 529KB )   ( 417 ) The aim is to explore the optimum extraction conditions of Stropharia rugosoannulata polysaccharide by alkaline method and provide references for S.rugosoannulata polysaccharide utilization. The 100 orders powder of S.rugosoannulata was prepared for polysaccharide extraction. The orthogonal test of the single factor or four factors including alkaline concentration (pH), solid to liquid ratio (mL/g) , temperature (℃) and extraction time (min) on three levels was used to determine the optimum extraction method. The yield of polysaccharide was calculated by phenol-sulfuric method. The results showed that the extraction yield of polysaccharide was affected in order by pH, time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio. The best condition to extract polysaccharide was: pH 9, 50 min of extraction time, 70℃, and 60 mL/g of solid to liquid ratio. The extraction yield of polysaccharides of S. rugosoannulata reached 8.12%. This means alkaline method is preferable to extract S. rugosoannulata polysaccharide. At the same time, such extraction process is simple, stable and feasible in S. rugosoannulata polysaccharide extraction.

  Screening and Optimized Culture of Selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae Li Yumei,Wang Genlin,Liu Zhengyu,Li Yan,Sun Lei and Wei Dan 2016, 32 (26):  75-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030194 Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 1174KB )   ( 421 ) In order to increase the ability of bio-concentration and organic selenium transform of yeast, and provide safe organic selenium resource for the production of selenium-rich agriculture and animal husbandry, selenium-enriched yeast was screened and the culture condition was optimized. Selenium-enriched yeast strain was obtained through UV mutagenesis and resistance screening test, culture medium and ferment condition were optimized through single factor orthogonal test. The results showed that a strain which could resist 5 mg/mL sodium selenite and 10 mg/kg ethionine was isolated and identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The optimum ferment formula consisted of glucose, peptone, yeast extract, adding a small amount of inorganic salt. The optimum culture medium condition was initial pH value of 4, liquid volume of 50 mL/500 mL, shaking speed of 160 r/min, seed inoculation volume of 10% (V/V), and cultured for 28 h at 30℃, the ability of selenium-enriched strain was up to 26.75 mg/g dry cell under the optimum condition.

  Removing Carbamates Pesticide Residues from Leafy Vegetables with Ultrasonic Washer He Tianyu,Cheng Can and Zhao Di 2016, 32 (26):  80-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060022 Abstract + ( 636 )   PDF ( 1893KB )   ( 546 ) This study aims to reduce the amount of carbamates pesticide residues in leafy vegetables, and find an efficient and safe pesticide removal method so as to provide technical support for the industrialization development of ultrasonic cleaning of leafy vegetables after harvest. Different ultrasonic powers, cleaning time and cleaning temperatures were set to study the carbamates pesticide residues removal effect in leafy vegetables with ultrasonic washer treatment, and the treatment using only water without ultrasonic cleaner was set as the control group. Orthogonal experiment was designed to get the optimal ultrasonic cleaning conditions. In addition, the study explored the effect on nutrients in the leafy vegetables with ultrasonic cleaning method. The orthogonal experimental results showed that when the cleaning powers was 100 W, cleaning time was 5 min, and cleaning temperature was 19℃, cleaning effect was the best on spinach and pesticide removal rate could reach 92.7%. When the ultrasonic power was 70 W, cleaning time was 5 min and cleaning temperature was 19℃, cleaning effect was the best on pakchoi and pesticide removal rate could reach 92.1%. What’s more, the pesticide removal effect of ultrasonic cleaning was better than that of the control. Based on the retention rate of ascorbic acid under different ultrasonic cleaning conditions, the ultrasonic power should not exceed 100 W, the cleaning time should be controlled in 5 min and the cleaning temperature should not exceed 25℃ so as to effectively remove pesticide residues and maximize the retention of nutrients in leafy vegetables.

  Economical and Intensive Benefit of Construction Land Based on AHP: Ren Yuanhui,Guo Wen,Chen Weiqiang and Ma Yuehong 2016, 32 (26):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060026 Abstract + ( 893 )   PDF ( 516KB )   ( 490 ) By choosing evaluation indexes from different angles in Shangqiu, a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation model was established, the standardization of differential method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were applied to data processing, to improve the accuracy of calculation and provide reference for the economical and intensive evaluation. The results showed that: the level of construction land economical and intensive use in Shangqiu was uneven; the score ranged from 0.1 to 0.7; the utilization level of developed areas was better than that of the areas with inferior economic development conditions, economical and intensive level of Liangyuan, Suiyang and Yongcheng was higher, whose scores were close to 0.7; the utilization level of Yucheng, Ningling and Minquan was low, the lowest score was only 0.18, there was a great room for improvement.

  Influence Factors on Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Xinjiang Zhang Fang and Ma Ying 2016, 32 (26):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030092 Abstract + ( 591 )   PDF ( 584KB )   ( 406 ) The influence of cotton planting on agricultural non-point source pollution (ANSP) in Xinjiang was studied by binary Logistic regression model, in order to provide a scientific basis for decision-making to standardize cotton farmers’ behavior, improve agricultural material use efficiency and control and reduce ANSP. The results showed that the main influence factors on ANSP in Xinjiang included cotton farmers’ age, total household population, application amount of chemical fertilizer, pesticide and plastic film, cotton farmers’ participation in technical training, awareness of ANSP control, and willingness of using organic fertilizer and bio-pesticide with state subsidy. The suggestions included establishing and perfecting an effective agricultural technic promotion system, strengthening education and publicity, enhancing mulch film recycle, increasing subsidy to encourage the use of biological resources. All these measures could optimize cotton farmers’ production behavior, reduce ANSP and construct environment friendly agriculture.

  Ecological Restoration in Southwest China: Dynamic Effect Evaluation and Discussion Zhang Ruiqing,Han Jichang and Zhang Yang 2016, 32 (26):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020051 Abstract + ( 534 )   PDF ( 2265KB )   ( 393 ) Due to the severe damage to ecological environment caused by abandoned mine lands, it is urgent for ecological restoration and reconstruction. The indexes of physical and chemical properties, plant communities and biological activities under 3 different ecological conditions in Huanjiang Beishan mine, which were native natural vegetation (JC1), artificial ecological restoration zone (JC2) and bare-free repair zone (JC3) in southwest China, were monitored dynamically. The results showed that: the content of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of soil in artificial ecological restoration zone were the highest in the first year (0.042 mg/kg, 7.4 mg/kg, 42.5 mg/kg, respectively), then decreased year by year; vegetation coverage decreased year by year, and tended to be stable in the third year; the number of shrub species showed an increasing trend and the number of herb species decreased year by year and reached a relatively stable level in the third year (22 species); earthworm density in soil was 5-8/m2, soil respiration intensity gradually decreased over time, from 22 mg/(g·h) of the first year to 15.2 mg/(g·h) of the fifth year. Compared with the bare-free repair area, artificial ecological restoration zone can improve the soil nutrient content and soil physical properties, enrich vegetation types, and increase the soil biological activity.

  Engineering Technology and Development Trend of Polluted Land Restoration Zhang Haiou,Han Jichang,Wang Huanyuan and Zhang Yang 2016, 32 (26):  103-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020054 Abstract + ( 674 )   PDF ( 537KB )   ( 533 ) In recent years, land pollution is increasingly highlighted in China, it intensifies the contradiction between supply and demand of land resources, and farmland soil pollution has brought double damages to economic and health benefits of farmers. In order to alleviate the contradiction, protect food security, guarantee the red line of arable land and increase the construction land, turning polluted land into available land by engineering technology is important. Through literature review and based on many years’ experience of using polluted land restoration engineering technology, the authors discussed and summarized technical key points of polluted land restoration project, introduced the developing situation of soil pollution, and the approaches to turn the polluted land into available land. Finally, the authors made an outlook on the development trend of polluted land restoration by engineering technology in China. The study laid a theoretical foundation of soil pollution restoration technology according to China’s national conditions and regional characteristics, at the same time provided technical support for the country’s food security and ecological civilization construction.

  Machinery Compaction Effect on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Newly Constructed Urban Green Land: A Case Study of New Garden of Xi’an Botanical Garden Chen Zhikun,Cong Xiaofeng,Ma Yankang,,Shangguan Jianguo,Wei Ying,Hao Mingde and Du Yongjun 2016, 32 (26):  109-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020062 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 1144KB )   ( 366 ) In order to study the effect of machinery compaction on urban green land soil and provide reference for urban vegetation plantation and scientific management of soil, soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient characteristics were studied and analyzed after machinery compaction in the new Xi’an botanical garden. The results showed that soil bulk density increased after machinery compaction, and porosity decreased, soil bulk density of 0-30, 30-60 and 60-100 cm increased by 4.20%, 14.60% and 20.70% in comparing with that before machinery compaction; soil pH value increased after machinery compaction; surface soil available nitrogen content increased by 287%, available phosphorus increased by 20.30%, available potassium increased by 12.10%, the change of organic matter content was not obvious. Soil structure was destroyed after machinery compaction, which caused the increase of soil bulk density and pH value, and changed nutrient distribution. Taking into account the above problems caused by machinery compaction and the complexity of botanical garden construction, accurate soil recovery measure and long-term observation of machinery compaction were necessary.

  Matsucoccus matsumurae in Northeast China: The Dispersal Risk Evaluation Based on Climatic Suitability Yuan Fuxiang,Li Zhonghui,Gao Xiaodi and Hu Yanquan 2016, 32 (26):  114-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040075 Abstract + ( 672 )   PDF ( 834KB )   ( 367 ) The paper aims to clarify the possible spread region of Matsucoccus matsumurae in northeast China. According to the meteorological conditions needed for the growth and development of Matsucoccus matsumurae, using climatic data of critical period and the geometric method, the authors established the empirical formula of climatic suitability and analyzed the climatic suitability of Matsucoccus matsumurae in uninfected areas in northeast China, and the dispersal risk of Matsucoccus matsumurae in this region was estimated quantitatively. The results showed that: the southwest, south central and east of Heilongjiang and the territory of Jilin were areas that could be infected easily; the meteorological conditions were more appropriate in Suihua and Matsucoccus matsumurae could survive and multiply and spread; if the insect spread further into the north of Heihe and north of Yichun, its survival might be threatened sometimes; the cold weather conditions in winter would cause the mass deaths of overwintering nymph, while snow-covered surviving Matsucoccus matsumurae would continue to thrive, and immigrated Matsucoccus matsumurae could grow and develop in summer; these areas would be north survival border of Matsucoccus matsumurae; the climate of north of Daxinganling was cold in winter and lack of accumulated temperature in summer, which was not suitable for Matsucoccus matsumurae survival; the possibility was very small that Matsucoccus matsumurae grew and continued to spread northward into Daxinganling.

  Meteorological Condition Prior to Downy Mildew of Wine Grape in Changli 李瑞盈,孙丽华, and 2016, 32 (26):  120-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030099 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 181KB )   ( 338 ) In order to analyze the relationship between the downy mildew of wine grape and meteorological conditions in Changli, the predictive equation was established to offer technical support for the prediction of downy mildew using short-term weather forecast. The observing data of downy mildew and the meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall in recent 5 years (2009-2013) were used, each factor of 7 days before downy mildew occurrence was analyzed, and the multiple regression analysis was performed to gain the regression equation. The results showed that: low temperature and high humidity were the important condition for the occurrence and prevalence of downy mildew; to the wine grape in Changli, when the temperature reached 22-26℃ within a week, the relative humidity could reach more than 80% and a rainfall would happen, meanwhile when the Y value calculated according to the prediction model was between 0.95-1.5, downy mildew would happen easily. In this paper, the predictive model of downy mildew of wine grape in Changli was obtained, which would play a very positive role in predicting the onset of disease, strengthening the control of disease, and helping meteorological department to serve wine grape growers better.

  Effects of LPI Interpolation Parameters on Building of Debris Flow Gully DEM Yue Yanli,Luo Mingliang,Zhang Bin and Mu Kai 2016, 32 (26):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040145 Abstract + ( 1209 )   PDF ( 1024KB )   ( 931 ) This study aims to use local polynomial interpolation (LPI) to build DEM model of debris flow gully which is caused by earthquake, analyze the effect of interpolation parameters on interpolation precision, and extract the optimum interpolation parameters. The debris flow gully of Xiejiadian landslide mass in Yinchanggou, Pengzhou City was used as an example, mean error (ME), root mean square error(RMSE), maximum positive error and negative error (MPE and MNE) and the percentage of positive errors and negative errors (PPE and PNE) were used as accuracy evaluation indexes of the interpolated DEM, the accuracy of DEMs that interpolated was analyzed by different powers (P), kernel functions [K(x)], bandwidth (H) and sector types, and the optimum interpolation parameters were contrastively analyzed and extracted. The results showed that with the other parameters being defaulted, the interpolation accuracy was the highest when interpolated with P=2; the imitative accuracy was the best when interpolation K(x) was Exponential; the interpolation accuracy of four different sector types in LPI interpolation process had little difference; the optimum choice of H value was 2 in interpolation; the positive errors and negative errors of all experimental results with various interpolation parameters in LPI were approximately half-and-half distributed. The result of DEM model built by LPI met the accuracy of large scale DEM in Xiejiadian debris flow gully, the parameters of P, K(x) and H had great effect on interpolation accuracy, but sector type had little effect on interpolation result, the optimization of interpolation parameters could contribute to the DEM modeling in debris flow gully terrain.

  Inverse Modeling of Local Climate System in Nanjing Lu Peng 2016, 32 (26):  131-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020057 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 2367KB )   ( 310 ) The paper aims to study the evolution of Nanjing local climate dynamic system, the cloud cover, temperature and precipitation data with dimensionless treatment in Nanjing during 1951-2013 were used to built Nanjing local climate model by using inverse model method, and a preliminary physical interpretation of all coefficients of Nanjing local climate model was conducted. The study showed that: the change of cloud cover index was related with cloud cover index, precipitation index and square of precipitation index; the change of temperature index was related with temperature index, cloud cover index, precipitation index and square of temperature index; the change of precipitation index was related with precipitation index, cloud cover index and square of precipitation index. By studying the evolution of local climate model using each 30-year data, it was found that the coefficient of the nonlinear part had a decreasing trend, and the models of 1961-1990 and 1962-1991 showed a mutation in square of precipitation index in cloud cover and precipitation change equations. In linear part, it kept stable near climate state.

  Intensity Calibration Method for CINRAD/SC Weather Radar Jing Haoran,Zheng Wei,Peng Tao,Ji Kuixiu,Liu Juan,Wang Jie and Xie Xiaolin 2016, 32 (26):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020019 Abstract + ( 1202 )   PDF ( 1914KB )   ( 442 ) The paper aims to improve the operational quality of radar. The antenna and feeder line attenuation measurement was introduced to the original calibration method for CINRAD/SC weather radar, and rational calibration process of radar of this model was set in order to improve data quality. Signal sources and power meter were used to carry out attenuation measurement respectively on the emitting and receiving parts of the radar, and measurement positions and measurement method were obtained. In combination with radar equations and radar operating principles, the authors discussed and proposed a rational calibration method for radar of this model. Taking into consideration the performance indexes of Chengdu radar station, the authors also analyzed the influencing degrees brought by main radar parameter performances to the radar echo intensity, and finally compared the echo diagrams obtained before and after the application of the calibration method. The results showed that the method proposed in this paper could effectively complete radar calibration and improve the calibration quality of radar.

  Precipitation Characteristics of Typhoon “Matsa” Based on TRMM Satellite Data Cao Aiqin,Cheng Hua,Wang Dongyong and An Jingjing 2016, 32 (26):  143-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020027 Abstract + ( 885 )   PDF ( 14175KB )   ( 295 ) The paper aims to understand the dynamic and thermodynamic structure and microphysical properties of typhoon precipitation and cloud cluster. The authors studied the horizontal and vertical structure of precipitation of typhoon “Matsa” by using TRMM satellite and NCEP data, and then the temporal-spatial distribution of precipitation measured by TRMM 3B42 was analyzed and assessed. The results showed that: firstly, stratus precipitation made the greatest contribution to the total precipitation, which concentrated below 20 mm/h, and the precipitation distribution had obvious asymmetry; there were two or more strong spiral rainfall belts in typhoon mature stage and the outside one was deeper, which shrank to the center with typhoon strengthened and extended from the typhoon eye to the periphery once it hit land, in addition, the maximum precipitation height decreased with the enhancement of typhoon; secondly, due to the integration of the ground observation precipitation, temporal-spatial distributional characteristics of “Matsa” precipitation measured by TRMM 3B42 products were more similar with that of ground automatic station.

  Distribution Characteristics of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in Heze Cheng Meng and Chen Nan 2016, 32 (26):  157-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070024 Abstract + ( 619 )   PDF ( 4768KB )   ( 358 ) The paper aims to understand the occurrence law of lightning, and the mitigation of lightning disasters. Based on the cloud-to-ground lightning data in Heze during 2007-2013, the authors analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning. The results showed that: cloud-to-ground lightning in Heze was mainly affected by underlying surface and the spatial distribution was significantly different, lightning had a greater density near water; the moment distribution of cloud-to-ground lightning was multimodal, two of the largest peak appeared at around 5 am and 11 am; the lightning current intensity distribution of negative cloud-to-ground lightning matched the total flash well; the density of cloud-to-ground lightning and high values of high current density distribution were consistent, which was located in southern Dongming and northwestern Caoxian.

  Agricultural Informatization: Effect on Modern Agricultural Development in Henan and Countermeasures Zhang Jie,Zang Hecang,Feng Xiao,Hu Feng,Zhou Meng and Zheng Guoqing 2016, 32 (26):  163-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030156 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 747KB )   ( 466 ) The agricultural informatization level is an important symbol of agricultural modernization. As a major agricultural province, Henan is an important demonstration area for the coordinated development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. As a new demonstration province for rural and agricultural informatization, development of agricultural informatization is an important means to accelerate the realization of agricultural modernization in Henan Province. By analyzing the current situation of agricultural informatization in Henan Province during the period of “12th Five-Year Plan”, the effect of informatization on modern agriculture was further verified, and the referential empirical modes were summarized in order to provide direction for further development. The authors put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the agricultural informatization in Henan Province, including building agricultural data sharing cloud platform to improve the utilization of agricultural resources, constructing the Central Plains Agricultural Science and technology information port as an integrated information service platform to achieve efficient agricultural information services, and establishing rural agricultural information technology application and demonstration to accelerate the development of modern agriculture.

  Current Situation and Reflection on SSSAP of Fisheries S&T Personnel in China:A Case Study of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wang Jiadi,Li He,Lv Haiyan and Ma Zhuojun 2016, 32 (26):  168-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030139 Abstract + ( 778 )   PDF ( 1971KB )   ( 450 ) To explore the basic situation and mode of Chinese fisheries scientists doing academic exchange and study through The State Sponsored Study Abroad Programs (SSSAP), taking Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences as a case, based on the data of 5 consecutive years from 2011 to 2015 on application type, application country, application major, age of applicant, education background and academic level of applicant, the paper summarizes and analyzes features of SSSAP personnel and the challenges during program management. The paper explores countermeasures of how to effectively manage the SSSAP concerning the existing problems and facilitate fisheries researchers to find opportunities studying abroad through the program.

  Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Safe Pork and Its Influencing Factors: Wang Ai’e 2016, 32 (26):  175-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030128 Abstract + ( 582 )   PDF ( 797KB )   ( 493 ) In order to know the consumers’ attitudes and consumption tendency to safe pork, consumers’ willingness to pay for safe pork in Wuhanwas studied by building the theoretical model and using CVM method, the influencing factors were also analyzed based on the Logit model. The results indicated that consumers’premium to pay for safe pork was 30.9%, the random price of safe pork,the attention and trust in pork quality and safety all significantly influencedconsumers’ willingness to pay for safe pork. Thus, some suggestions were put forward from the perspective of improving consumers’ trust and evaluation to promote the development of pig industry in Wuhan.

  Growth Potential of Sino-Russian Agricultural Products Trade Based on the Belt and Road Initiative:An Empirical Analysis with UN Comtrade Data from 2001 to 2013 Sun Yuxin 2016, 32 (26):  181-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060061 Abstract + ( 1195 )   PDF ( 1468KB )   ( 530 ) To deeply know the Sino-Russian trade potential of agricultural products under the Belt and Road initiative and find the main factors affecting the growth of agricultural trade between China and Russia, the similarity, complementarity and growth potential of Sino-Russian trade on agricultural products were analyzed by using Constant Market Share model based on UN Comtrade data from 2001 to 2013. Results showed that market demand was the key factor promoting the growth of agricultural products trade, while export structure restricted the growth of agricultural products trade from China to Russia, and export competitiveness restricted the growth of agricultural product trade from Russia to China. Therefore, China should reinforce information communication and cultivate large-scale agricultural businesses to adjust supply structure of agricultural products. Meanwhile, China should establish early price warning and prevention mechanism to cope with the price and quality changes of Russian agricultural products.

  Transformation and Financial Support of Agricultural Science & Technology Achievements in Sichuan Yang Liu,Quan Xiaoyan,Wang Jihong and Wang Jingdong 2016, 32 (26):  188-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030013 Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 783KB )   ( 537 ) Science & technology and finance are the most active factors in social productivity. For promoting comprehensive combination of S

  Suggestions on Improving the Third-party Evaluation by Science and Technology Associations Bian Quanle,Zhou Xianlong,Yang Yunlong,Bi Yangang and Tian Shuai 2016, 32 (26):  194-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060105 Abstract + ( 853 )   PDF ( 510KB )   ( 412 ) Science and technology associations with academic characteristics are an essential part of social organization. The third-party evaluation work organized by them is important to improving the comprehensive service system of social organizations. Based on analyzing the current state of policy and evaluation work, the necessity and urgency of the evaluation work organized by science and technology associations in the 13th Five-Year Plan period were pointed out. Then the advantages of the third-party evaluation by science and technology associations were analyzed, including the increasingly mature theory system, the perfecting management and supervision mechanism and the growing public trust. Finally, the authors put forward specific suggestions on strengthening the role of science and technology associations in the third-party evaluation.

  Development Status and Countermeasures of Agricultural Insurance in China Zhang Qian and Liu Yicheng 2016, 32 (26):  201-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050172 Abstract + ( 898 )   PDF ( 442KB )   ( 1178 ) Agricultural insurance is an effective way to prevent agricultural risks, carry out disaster compensation and promote the stable development of agriculture. In recent years, the development of agricultural insurance in China showed a good momentum. The system arrangement of government on agricultural insurance became clearly, and the scale of agricultural insurance market expanded continuously. Furthermore, a large scale of insured subject-matters was developed and the development model was fitting with China’s agricultural development. As an important content of reform of the supply front, agricultural insurance is facing new situation and challenge. Development of modern agriculture has more requirements on agricultural insurance and the policy of financial support provides a large development space for agricultural insurance. To properly develop agricultural insurance, the importance of agricultural insurance should be realized and the existing development modes should be changed to adapt to the new situation. Besides, the innovation of insurance products and business model should be accelerated, and the agricultural insurance market regulation and supervision ability should be effectively improved.