Current issue

• 2010 Vol.26 No.1 Published:05 January 2010

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  Initial Study on anti-bacterial activity of Mentha spicata Linn extraction in vitro 2010, 26 (1):  1-4.  Abstract + ( 1709 )   PDF ( 1215895KB )   ( 1255 ) Abstract:[Objective]To investigate the antibacterial function of Mentha spicata Linn extracts on Escherichia coli、Salmonella、Enterococcus、Staphylococci in vitro.[Method]In the study, the agar Cup-plate method was used to mensurate the size of antibacterial zone of Mentha spicata L. extractions, and the tube doubleness dilution method was used to determine their Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)for 4 animal bacteria strains. [Results]The aqueous extract, the alcohol extract and the volatile oil of Mentha spicata L. has inhibitory effect to the selected strains. All of them have the best inhibitory effect on Staphylococci. The MIC of aqueous extractⅠ(sinking with alcohol )is 0.0313g/ml. The MIC of alcohol extraction Ⅲ is 0.0625g/ml . The MIC of volatile oil Ⅴ is 2.5μl/ /ml. The MIC of volatile oil Ⅵ is 2.5μl/ /ml.[Conclusion] Mentha spicata L. shows anti-bacterial effects on the experimental strains in vitro. Each kind of mentha spicata extracts has distinctive inhibitory effect to different bacteria.

  null 2010, 26 (1):  5-8.  Abstract + ( 1310 )   PDF ( 1082664KB )   ( 1327 ) null

  Development of PCR assay for detection of Bordetella bronchiseptica 2010, 26 (1):  9-11.  Abstract + ( 1574 )   PDF ( 1326933KB )   ( 1147 ) A pair of primers was designed according to the upstream sequence of the flagellin gene of Bordetella bronchiseptica, which specifically amplified a fragment of 237 bp in length of the target gene. Specificity assays revealed that the assay didn’t cross react with Escherichia coli, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis. Sensitivity assays showed that the expected sequences were obtained from B. bronchiseptica individual colony diluted to 105 times. The results showed that this PCR technique was specific and sensitive, could apply to Bb diagnoses and epidemiology investigation.

  null 2010, 26 (1):  17-21.  Abstract + ( 1698 )   PDF ( 1150090KB )   ( 1325 ) null

  A Study on Adventitious Bud Inducing in mature embryo of Pinus thunbergii×P. densiflora 2010, 26 (1):  22-26.  Abstract + ( 1498 )   PDF ( 1564167KB )   ( 1118 ) The mature embryo of Pinus thunbergii×P. densiflora was used as explants to induce adventitious buds and form plantlets. The Paper studied the use of basal mediums, hormones, different display methods, different explants derived time, the concentration of different inorganic salts medium and subculture the proliferation of adventitious buds of Pinus thunbergii×P. densiflora proliferation and growth. The results showed that the best medium for adventitious bud inducement is WPM, the adventitious buds proliferation rate was above 3.01;.WPM adding with 2~3mg.L-16-BA and 0.01~0.05mg.L-1NAA for a nearly 76% induction rate. The mean proliferation rate of adventitious bud reaches 3.55. and Vertical display of adventitious buds better differentiation.the right stage of seedling was 21~28d. 3/4WPM good effects induced by inorganic salt concentration. Following the value-added and the best medium were 3/4WPM with 0.5 mg.L-16-BA and 0.02 mg.L-1NAA.

  Long-term Subculture and Plant Regeneration from Friable and Embryogenic Callus Induced from Inflorescences of Musa paradisiaca ABB Linn. 2010, 26 (1):  27-31.  Abstract + ( 1595 )   PDF ( 1328676KB )   ( 1222 ) Immature male flowers of Musa paradisiaca ABB Linn. were inoculated on embryogenic callus induction media. Yellow granular calli emerged after 4–5 months were shown to be embryogenic calli. And they could be proliferated by long-term subculture. These friable and embryogenic calli had been subcultured for 6 years. After they were transplanted on differentiation medium containing 0.2 mg/L 6-BA, buds could be induced, and 53 regeneration plantlets had been obtained. These plantlets could be propagated further. Histological sections proved that the calli proliferated by long-term subculture maintained the embryogenic character.

  The effect of organic compounds on the tissue culture of Cattleya 2010, 26 (1):  32-35.  Abstract + ( 2172 )   PDF ( 1185515KB )   ( 1344 ) The Cattleya labiata MC1 PLB were inoculated on the reformed VW + 5.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.5 mg/L NAA + 20 g/L srose + 16 g/L agar medium adding six different organic compounds (Coconut milk、coconut juice、banana mud、Potato、Casein hydrollysate、Apple juice) with different concentrations (10%,15%,20%). The results showed that, the promotion effect of these six organic compounds from large to small successively is, Coconut milk、Potato、Coconut juice、Banana mud、Apple juice、Casein hydrollysate. The 15% Coconut milk was the best to the propagation of Cattleya PLB, with the highest propagation rate and the lowest differentiation rate. The ages of the PLB also affected the propagation of the PLB. The younger the PLB were, the higher the propagation rate was, and the lower the differentiation rate was.

  Research advances on genetic markers in Punica granatum 2010, 26 (1):  36-39.  Abstract + ( 1607 )   PDF ( 1194007KB )   ( 1178 ) The pomegranate(P.granatum L.),a species belonging to the family Punicaceae,is one of ancient cultivation fruits. It possesses high nutritive,medical and ornamental value. The application of morphological markers,cytological markers,biochemical markers and molecular markers in pomegranate was summarized. Practical problems and resolutions of genetic markers in pomegranate were also analyzed and discussed.

  Optimization of RAPD Reaction System on Extraction of Genomic DNA of the leaves of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook. 2010, 26 (1):  40-43.  Abstract + ( 1797 )   PDF ( 1559296KB )   ( 1232 ) [Abstract] [Objective] The research aimed to screen out optimum RAPD reaction system on genomic DNA of the leaves of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook..[Method] The improved CTAB DNA extraction method，to extracted the genomic DNA of the leaves of tripterygium wilfordii Hook. The single factor experiment was adopted to select the required 5 annealing temperature，dNTPs concentration，template DNA concentration，Mg2+ concentration，Taq enzyme concentration and primer concentration.[Result] The optimum reaction system for RAPD amplification of the leaves of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook. was listed as follows：3790 ng/L DNA，1.1μmol/L primer，1.25mmol/L dNTPs and 5.625 U/L Taq enzyme, the optimum temperature is 56.8℃.

  Progress of Evolutionary Attribute and Function on Microsatelli 2010, 26 (1):  44-47.  Abstract + ( 2651 )   PDF ( 1078545KB )   ( 3474 ) This article summarizes the discovery of microsatellites DNA , the feature and dstribution in genomic, the origion and evolutionary, the functions and applications, the exploiting of microsatellite primer and the detection technique of microsatellite DNA , the questions and directions in the research of microsatellite.

  Study on fresh-keeping effect of natural preservative agent on Chinese chive scapes Wu Chuanwan 2010, 26 (1):  51-55.  Abstract + ( 1745 )   PDF ( 1273421KB )   ( 1180 ) The effect of natural preservative agent on postharvest quality and lignification of Chinese chive scapes (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel) was examined during storage at room temperature. The results showed that the treatment with 20 mL L-1 natural preservative agent significantly delayed weight loss, decay index and opening rate of flowers, maintained higher chlorophyll and ascorbic acid contents, inhibited respiration rate, reduced the activities of the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase, and retarded lignin and cellulose accumulation. The results suggest that the treatment with natural preservative agent may be a promising technique to maintain postharvest quality of Chinese chive scapes.

  DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTONE VARIANTS AND HISTONE CHAPERONES li weiwei 2010, 26 (1):  56-61.  Abstract + ( 1531 )   PDF ( 1143973KB )   ( 2353 ) Histones, as basic components of nucleosome , are essential to chromatin structure and function. To adapt to various states of chromatin, corresponding histone variants are incorporated in nucleosome, these variants change the conformation and stability of nucleosome to facilitate transcriptional activation or deactivation, DNA repairing, and others. The histone chaperones are needed during DNA replication progess for disassembly and rebuilding the chromatin structure. the histone chaperones are very important to the chromation structure stability and gene expression.

  null 2010, 26 (1):  62-66.  Abstract + ( 1559 )   PDF ( 1260869KB )   ( 1048 ) Abstract: Nowadays high-quality, health food is what people look forward to. With grading method of quantitative indicators, the selection among a number of millet varieties adapts to people's quality, health care needs of agricultural products. The items including test results, yield, field performance and millet soup tasting were quantified, in the degree of their importance and rank, and then graded the quality of millet varieties.This selection method of high-quality varieties are the first in the local area. At the same time, the quantification method has selected five characteristic, high-quality millet varieties which have great potential to promote in the local.

  null 2010, 26 (1):  67-73.  Abstract + ( 1807 )   PDF ( 1613679KB )   ( 1278 ) null

  null 2010, 26 (1):  74-77.  Abstract + ( 1425 )   PDF ( 1215350KB )   ( 1117 ) null

  study and practice review of film mulching cultivation of foxtail millet in dry areas 2010, 26 (1):  86-90.  Abstract + ( 1663 )   PDF ( 1103642KB )   ( 1153 )

  Effect of Sowing Time and Seedling Density on the Yield Formation of a New Wheat Cultivar Yunong 202 2010, 26 (1):  91-94.  Abstract + ( 1772 )   PDF ( 1219750KB )   ( 1249 ) The suitable combination of sowing time and seedling density is favorable for the yield increase of wheat cultivar. A field experiment with split plot design was conducted to study the suitable sowing time and seedling density of a New Wheat Cultivar Yunong 202. The results showed that sowing time had a smaller effect on yield and yield components of Yunong 202, and that had a significant effect only on spike number. Seedling density had a greater effect on yield and yield components except for 1000-kernel weight, especially, had a higher significant effect on spike number and grain number per ear. In different sowing times, yield differed greatly and yield components differed little among the seedling densities. In different sowing times and seedling densities, spike number had the greatest direct effect on yield, the second was grain number per ear, and 1000-kernel weight had the smallest. The most suitable sowing period is from Oct. 8 to Oct. 25, and the suitable seedling density is 1200000 plants /hm2 in earlier sowing time and 2400000 plants/hm2 in middle or later sowing time.

  Studies of white-coloured petal mutant and selection of cytoplasmic male sterile line with white-coloured petals in Brassica napus L. 2010, 26 (1):  95-97.  Abstract + ( 1591 )   PDF ( 1235386KB )   ( 1150 ) null

  null 2010, 26 (1):  98-102.  Abstract + ( 1752 )   PDF ( 1160672KB )   ( 1382 ) null

  Green manure - tobacco - paddy rice crop rotation to leaf tobacco yield and quality and latter stubble late rice yield effect 2010, 26 (1):  103-108.  Abstract + ( 1592 )   PDF ( 1220799KB )   ( 1139 ) Abstract Continuously three years use the method which in the green manure - tobacco - paddy rice crop rotation field localization experiment and the room analyzes unifies, the research green manure also field to enhance the soil fertility and the Leaf tobacco yield, the quality and the latter stubble crops late rice yield function, obtain the good effect. The green manure also field its nutrient release may obviously enhance the soil available nutrient of nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrient content, the promotion flue-cured tobacco adult plant to the soil nutrient absorption use, obviously enhances the leaf tobacco output.Also the improvement leaf tobacco quality, its leaf tobacco outward appearance performance is loose for the structure, the maturity is good, gloss, the color is even, varicolored few. Three year result statistics, the perennial ryegrass area leaf tobacco average yield is 2644kg/hm2, the rape area leaf tobacco average yield is 2626kg/hm2, separately increases production 14.6% compared to the comparison, 14.1%.On, the medium leaf tobacco proportion respectively is 92.1%, 93.6%, the leaf tobacco intrinsic chemical composition close or achieves the high quality leaf tobacco standard.The latter stubble crops late rice separately increases production 43.2% compared to the comparison, 29.6%.

  Effects of Bio-organic fertilizer on conventional components of Soil and Flue-cured tobacco 2010, 26 (1):  109-114.  Abstract + ( 1819 )   PDF ( 1190213KB )   ( 1541 ) Precision through field experiments, on the bio-organic fertilizer and straw cover used in combination to enhance the capacity of the soil nutrient supply and quality of flue-cured tobacco has done research. The experimental results show that: Increasing bio-organic fertilizer can significantly increase the capacity of the soil nutrient supply, flue-cured tobacco leaves in the elevated potassium and lower in leaf nitrogen content, nicotine content and chlorine ion content and other harmful factors, significant improvements in tobacco quality.

  Effects of Plant-sourced Medical Fertilizer on potato and Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil 2010, 26 (1):  115-120.  Abstract + ( 1593 )   PDF ( 1244004KB )   ( 1192 ) null

  null 2010, 26 (1):  121-125.  Abstract + ( 1511 )   PDF ( 1302786KB )   ( 1203 ) null

  Research on Characteristics of Growth of Ramie（Boehmeria nivea L.）at Different Nitrogen Levels 2010, 26 (1):  126-129.  Abstract + ( 1708 )   PDF ( 1373001KB )   ( 1147 ) Abstract: In this research, the ramie variety—Tri-1，which were breeded by the Institute of Ramie Research of Hunan Agricultural University, was selected to serve as experiment materials. Pot experiment and field experiment were conducted to study the effect and mechanism on above and underground growth of ramie at Different Nitrogen Levels. The main research results were as follows. 1. It can promote the growth of ramie below-ground and significantly improve ramie above- and underground weight as the nitrogen concentration in the10 mmol/L～20 mmol/L 2. Fertilizering nitrogen could significantly improve the weight of raw linen of ramie, and the Different Nitrogen Levels is remarkable; 3. Fertilizering nitrogen could significantly improve the root-top ratio of ramie, and reached at maximum cap when the concentration of nitrogen at 15 mmol/L; 4. Fertilizering nitrogen could significantly improve ramie root activity, and reached at maximum when the concentration of nitrogen at 15 mmol/L; 5. POD activity was first increased and then decreased after the maximum with the concentration increased, and reached at maximum when the concentration of nitrogen at 15 mmol/L. POD activities of first season ramie of different treatment are higher than that of second season ramie.

  The effects of Nongdage bio-fertilizer on peach growth output and quality 2010, 26 (1):  130-133.  Abstract + ( 1552 )   PDF ( 1303508KB )   ( 1259 ) The effects of Nongdage bio-fertilizer on the growth, outputs, and qualities of the TaoWangJiuJiu peach were studied in the field. The results indicated that Compound bio-fertilizer application significantly increased the length and diameter of spring peach vegetative shoot. After Compound bio-fertilizer enrichment, fruit number per tree, weight per fruit and average yield per tree are all improved obviously. And the content of Vc, SSC, soluble sugar and organic acid in fruit increased evidently. Thus the yield and quality of peach fruit were improved obviously.

  Research advances in theaflavins of tea 2010, 26 (1):  134-139.  Abstract + ( 1301 )   PDF ( 1307371KB )   ( 1449 ) This paper describes the source of theaflavins, structure, effectiveness and progress of the study.

  Study on Priming Technology for Salvia splendens 2010, 26 (1):  145-148.  Abstract + ( 1454 )   PDF ( 1274824KB )   ( 1206 ) Seed with two different vigor level of Salvia splendens were treated by PEG, KNO3, PEG+KNO3 at different concentrations. The results showed that (1)After treated by 1.0% PEG for 12h the germination percentage were both increased by 16.7. (2)After treated for 12h with 2.5% KNO3 in High-quality seed and Poor-quality seed, the germination percentage were increased by 20,26.7 separately. (3)The best priming effect was obtained at the treatment of 1.0% PEG+2.5% KNO3,soaking 12h, The germination percentage of High-quality seed and Poor-quality seed was raised from 50.0% to 73.3% and from 26.7% to 53.4% respectively after priming.

  Relationship between the pistillate flower number, fructifying rate of Longan and the temperature and rainfall 2010, 26 (1):  149-153.  Abstract + ( 1952 )   PDF ( 1273326KB )   ( 1061 ) To find out the relationship between the pistillate flower number and fructifying rate of Longan and the temperature and rainfall, investigation and statistical methods were applied to the study of the relationship between pistillate flower number and fructifying rate of Shixia Longan and the temperature and rainfall before or after blossom. The results indicated that the temperature on 30 days before blossom (DBB) had effect on the differentiation of flower primordium during pistillate forming, and the pistillate flower number was the highest when the average diurnal temperature was 21.0 degree. When the rainfall was less than 41.8 mm 30 DBB or was less than 57.5 mm 50 DBB, the more the rainfall, the more the pistillate flower, while the pistillate flower decreased when the rainfall was excessive. The temperature on blossom and 1-15 days after blossom (DAB) affected the pistillate flower fructifying rate. Specially, the higher the temperature on blossom, the lower the fructifying rate, while when the average diurnal temperature was lower than 20.2 degree the fructifying rate increased with the increasing of temperature. In the other hand, the higher the average diurnal temperature and lowest temperature on 1-15 DAB, the lower the fructifying rate, while when the average diurnal highest temperature was lower than 30.7 degree the fructifying rate increased with the increasing of temperature. During the period of blossom and fructify and the first physiological drop, the increasing of rainfall caused the decreasing of the pistillate flower fructifying rate.

  Studies on the leaf color expression related sustances of Cercis canadensis ‘Forest pansy’ 2010, 26 (1):  154-157.  Abstract + ( 1793 )   PDF ( 1179298KB )   ( 1190 ) The change of chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin and soluble sugar content was investigated during the leaf color transition of Cercis cannadensis ‘Forest pansy’ in Shandong province. The results indicated that the anthocyanin content decreased and presented “M” tendency with the days increased..The chlorophyll and carotenoid content elevated gradually. The soluble sugar content presented disordered multi-peak curve. The cholorphyll（r=-0.681**） and carotenoid（r=-0.757**） had remarkablely negative correlation with the anthocyanin. The soluble sugar was not correlated to the anthocyanin. The chlorophyll and the anthocyanin showed the logarithmic curve correlation, while the carotenoid and the anthocyanin displayed the exponential curve correlation.

  Research on the application of sludge organic fertilizer to the cultivation of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis 2010, 26 (1):  158-161.  Abstract + ( 1555 )   PDF ( 1297697KB )   ( 1223 ) Abstract: In the present paper, the fertilizing effects of different sludge organic fertilizers on the cultivation of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis were probed into based on field trials. Experiments showed that the right amount of sludge organic fertilizer could promote vegetative growth of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis, increase its chlorophyll content, enlarge the diameter of main bulb, and finally enhance its sale-rating and marketing value. Among all the prescriptions applied, Prescription III (2250kg/hm2 sludge organic fertilizer + 750kg/hm2 calcium superphosphate + 750kg/hm2 composite fertilizer) and Prescription IV (3000 kg/hm2 sludge organic fertilizer + 750kg/hm2 calcium superphosphate + 750kg/hm2 composite fertilizer) were the most effective. Sludge organic fertilizer could be used as a good soil conditioner and farmland fertilizer.

  Comprehensive evaluation on new varieties of hybrid citrus introduced by grey relational analysis method in Yinjiang 2010, 26 (1):  162-165.  Abstract + ( 1480 )   PDF ( 1256271KB )   ( 1133 ) [Abstract]: Eight new varieties of hybrid citrus introduced were comprehensive evaluated by the method of grey relational analysis. The results indicated that Aiyuan28>Tianchao>Chunjian>Nanxiang>Aiyuan17>Aiyuan14>Buzhihuo>Aiyuan30. According with the assessment and practical production, the first three varieties of them were suggested plant and extent in local situation. Advice direct promotion of Aiyuan28 variety, Other variety may be appropriate in accordance with the needs of local development.

  Tissue Culture and plantlet regeneration from leaves of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 2010, 26 (1):  169-172.  Abstract + ( 1901 )   PDF ( 1145114KB )   ( 1318 ) Abstract：The young leaves culture and the rapid propagation of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were carried out and media for various culture stages were selected. The experimental results indicated that explant sterilized in 0.1％ aqueous mercuric chloride for 4 min has best effect,with the contamination rate 12.5% , and the death rate 2.5%. The best inducement culture medium is MS+6-BA1.0 mg／L+NAA0.1～0.3 mg／L. The suitable culture medium for bud differentiatio and proliferatio is 1/2MS + 6-BA1.0 mg／L + NAA0.1 mg／L. The plantlets are transplanted into nutrient matrix with 99％ survival ratio.

  The effect on allelopathy of Wedelia chinensis Merr. resulting from herbicide 2010, 26 (1):  173-181.  Abstract + ( 2144 )   PDF ( 1246119KB )   ( 1118 ) Allelopathy is the important intrinsic factor in forming plants community, deciding the plants categories on plants community and causing the plants community to evolve, and it is also the important mechanism in the successfully invading of invasive plants.To produce and release the allelochemicals and the strength of its effect of plants largely depend on their living environment besides their inherent characteristics. Wedelia chinensis Merr., which was proved to have allelopathy, has spread throughout the agroecosystem and wilderness in Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, shouth China etc. Herbicide, a stronger environmental factor for most weeds, was widely used in the prevention of C. chinensis. But if herbicide will affect its exudation and change the allelopathic effect eventually? The present research was projected to answer it. In this study three different categories of herbicides, Paraquat, Glyphosate and Fluazifop-butyl，were selected and sprayed to the C. chinensis populations in field at three different concentrations (one fourths of recommend dosage, half of dosage and recommend dosage). The C. chinensis was sampled every 10 days after sprayed herbicides. Cabbage seeds were used to test the allelopathic trends. The results demonstrated: (1) Within 40 days after sprayed herbicides, the variation range of allelopathy from sprayed C. chinensis population was wider than contrasting ones, but this characteristic only appeared apparently at 0.5g/ml; (2) Three different categories of herbicides resulting in a same peak allelopathy time, the 20th day; (3) Allelopathy of C. chinensis stressed by herbicides almost rebounded to contrasting samples after certain fluctuation; (4) Significant differences of allelopathy appeared at the same concentration extracts stressed by the same leve(one fourths of recommend dosage, half of dosage and recommend dosage) of different categories of herbicides, it maybe have relations with the mechanism and intensity of the herbicides; (5) The components of allelochemicals did not change with the herbicide, the concentrations of herbicide and the stage of plants. All the above indicate chemical herbicides strengthen the allelopathy of C. chinensis within some period and make its invasive potential strengthen.

  Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Ageratina adenophora Sprengel on seed germination, seedling growth and antioxidative enzymes of Dactlis gloerata 2010, 26 (1):  182-188.  Abstract + ( 1966 )   PDF ( 1309177KB )   ( 1109 ) It is known that the allelopathy plays an important role in the successful invasion of crofton weed Ageratina adenophora Sprengel. But, we knew little about the relationship between A. adenophora’s allelochemicals and native plants in the medium of soil. In this study, the effects of aqueous leaf extract of A. adenophora on germination rate (GR) and germination time (GT) of Dactlis gloerata L. were determined with different concentrations of the extract by using the modified filter paper – Petri dish method. Besides, the changes in seedling growth and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes were measured in early growth stages. The results showed that the GR was significantly affected by the high concentration of the extract. Seedling height and biomass decreased significantly with the increased concentration of the extract in the early stages. However, they were not significant in the late stages. The activities of anti-oxidative enzymes varied significantly among different treatments. At the lower concentrations, the activity of POD did not vary very much among different treatment periods, but the activity of CAT varied remarkably. In contrast, at the higher concentrations, the activity of POD varied obviously, but the activity of CAT did not vary significantly. At the beginning of the treatment, the activity of SOD varied significantly, but such difference decreased with the increase of treatment time. The results of this study have provided some theoretical guidance for replacement control of A. adenophora.

  The Changes in Population Reproductive Parameters of Apodemus chevieri 2010, 26 (1):  189-194.  Abstract + ( 1633 )   PDF ( 1279126KB )   ( 989 ) From 1996 to 2008, we analyzed the change law of population reproductive parameters of Apodemus chevrieri in Dafang County, Guizhou Province. The results show that the population reproduction of Apodemus chevrieri has obvious seasonal periodic fluctuation. The main reproduction period is from April to September and the two peak of pregnancy are from April to May in spring and from August to September in autumn. During the study period, a total of 1080 specimens (556 females, 524 males) were anatomized. The population sex ratio (♀/♂), average catch rate, average Litter size, average reproductive index and average rate of scrotal testis were 1.06, 20.63%, 5.92, 0.67 and 72.05%, respectively. Seasonal changes of male rate of scrotal testis and female pregnancy rate were synchronous in trend. There is variation in population reproductive parameters in different years, month and seasons. Between different age groups, there was significant variation in population reproductive parameters. With the growth of population age, population reproductive capacity increased continuously. There was significant geography variation in population reproductive parameters.

  Effects of Fertilization on Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds during the Production of Green Rice 2010, 26 (1):  195-199.  Abstract + ( 1391 )   PDF ( 1246119KB )   ( 843 ) Abstract: The effects of 4 fertilizers namely animal feces, rape cake, organic manure and sulphate of potash magnesia at 12 dosages on disease, insect pests of rice, and weeds in the paddy field were tested with the controls of urea and no fertilizer. The control effects of 4 fertilizers at 12 dosages on Rhizoctonia solani, Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera) were better than urea treatment. They had no influence on weeds in the paddy field. The yield-increasing effects of rape cake 2250 kg/hm2, 1500 kg/hm2, 750 kg/hm2, organic manure 900 kg/hm2 treatments in the early rice and animal feces 31500 kg/hm2, rape cake 2250 kg/hm2, 1500 kg/hm2, organic manure 900 kg/hm2, 600 kg/hm2 treatments in the late rice were remarkable. Sulphate of potash magnesia at 3 dosages had no yield increasing effects.

  Research of Pests of Coconut in China 2010, 26 (1):  200-204.  Abstract + ( 1760 )   PDF ( 1217414KB )   ( 1251 ) The survey methods of observe directly, netting, flapping, ensnaring and suction trap were used to find out species and distribution of pests of coconut palm in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Fujian provinces. The results showed that there were 64 species pests of coconut palm in China, they belong to 7 orders and 25 familys in Insecta. There were 31 species pests to discover new in coconut plantation of China.

  Primary Research on Index of Freeze Banana 2010, 26 (1):  205-209.  Abstract + ( 1552 )   PDF ( 1272556KB )   ( 1042 ) The banana like warmth climate but is afraid low temperature. The strong low temperature can often induce the banana to damage, when appear heavy coold it will be death. So the low temperature is the main limit factor which the banana grows. The text collects representative station lowest temperature in the Fujian banana primary production area within 1966/1967, 1985/1986, 1991/1992, 1999/2000 year winter，and neighborhood banana garden seeing about suffer low temperature injury recordation and picture in recent years winte. Correlation analysis indicated that the low temperature and freeze injury relation may approximately use unitary quadratic equation. The non-freeze injury and the light freeze injury and the freeze injury and the heavy freeze injury and the serious freeze injury lowest temperature respectively is: 5.1 and 2.9 and 0.8 and -1.1 and -2.8℃.

  Study on Several Kinds of antifreezes Used in Tea Plants 2010, 26 (1):  210-214.  Abstract + ( 1571 )   PDF ( 1309499KB )   ( 1104 ) Abstract: Three kinds of antifreezes ,Made in TongWei,LiuZhou,BiaoDian company, were used in tea plant to study the effects of the frost resistance and the quality. The results showed that : (1) Using suitable antifreeze can increase the frost resistance; (2) It's beneficial to tea plant to increase growth potential and improve the quality ; (3)Using antifreeze must take actions that suit local circumstances and applied with proper method;(4)The antifreeze made in BiaoDian company has best effect in accordance to the frost resistance, production and quality in three antifreezes.

  Research Advances on Loxostege sticticalis L.( Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in China 2010, 26 (1):  215-218.  Abstract + ( 1494 )   PDF ( 1103424KB )   ( 1074 ) Loxostege sticticalis L.is belong to Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, and it is a polyphagous pest that can feed on 35 families 200 species plants. It is more and more harmful to agriculture and grazing recently, so the research to this pest had got more and more notice. This paper gave a review on the research advance in Loxostege sticticalis L.. about occurrence harm characteristic, bioecological characteristics, artificial breeding, preventions-treatments measures, etc., and strategies and approaches to continuously control Loxostege sticticalis L.disaster are given as follows: to strengthen the cooperation research,; to study mid-term and long-term forecast methods; to develop key techniques of integrated control; to pay more attentions to applied research of new technology, etc..

  Study on Infection in Different Organs of Alternaria brassicicola in Acanthopanax senticosus 2010, 26 (1):  219-221.  Abstract + ( 1683 )   PDF ( 1116920KB )   ( 1076 ) [objective] The aim was to disscuss the influence which the growth of pathogenic fungus and spore germination of Alternaria brassicicola with the different organs of Acanthopanax senticosus. [Method] To make different culture medium with different organs of A. senticosus which fried the juice, respectively, to observe the growth of pathogenic fungus of A. brassicicola and the germination rate of pathogenic fungus spore with different treatment. [result] The rate of spore germination under different organizations sap was higher than under control (clear water), particularly, compared stems media of A. senticosus to control media, it had significant difference on the growth rate of pathogenic fungus. [conclusion] The spore germination rate of the juice processing of different organs was no significant difference, but the clear water (control) and other treatments were extremely significant,

  A Research on Correlation of Cotton Fiber Quality with Meteorological Factors in the Middle and Southern Area of HeBei Province 2010, 26 (1):  222-226.  Abstract + ( 1631 )   PDF ( 1208236KB )   ( 934 ) In order to assess the effects of meteorological factors on cotton fiber quality in the middle and southern area of HeBei Province, a field experiment with Lumianyan27hao was conducted in Nangong,Xinji and Baoding. The result showed that the difference of fiber strength, 2.5% fiber length and micronaire value reached significant level (p<0.05) in different ecological areas and different flower stage. There was significant difference in elongation rate between cotton bolls of different flower stage. There were significant correlation between meteorological factors of daily mean temperature, daily temperature difference, daily minimum temperature, daily maximum temperature and relative humidity and fiber strength and between elongation rate and average sunshine hours and the mean relative humidity. Micronaire value was negatively correlated with the daily range of temperature and the mean relative humidity, whereas daily maximum temperatures exhibit a positive correlation with micronaire value. With polynomial fit method, the experimental relationships between cotton fiber qualities with the most influential meteorological factors were obtained. it indicated that, when the daily mean temperature during boll maturation period was in the range of 25℃to 26℃,the fiber strength were better, when average sunshine time was in the range of 6.5 to 7 hours, the value of cotton fiber elongation rate was bigger, the optimal daily mean maximum temperature affecting micronaire value was 27-28℃ or 30-31℃. Meanwhile, the dynamic regression model between meteorological factors and fiber quality traits was built. These results would provide the references for ecological division and ecological model of fiber quality.

  Photosynthetic Parameters of Major Grass Species in Inter Mongol China Plain 2010, 26 (1):  227-230.  Abstract + ( 1534 )   PDF ( 1299010KB )   ( 1256 ) In order to truly appraise photosynthetic productivity of plain, the response of photosynthetic rate of Stipa grandis, Agropyron cristatum and Lutmus chinensis to light intensity and CO2 concentration was studied using Li-6400 in Inter Mongol China plain. Generally, photosynthetic rate of 3 grass species increases with light intensity (PPFD) or CO2 concentration, which can be expressed by Michaelis-Menten function. Photosynthetic parameters included apparent quantum yield, apparent carboxylation efficiency, light compensation point, light saturation point, CO2 compensation point, CO2 saturation point, dark respiration rate, photorespiration rate and maximum photosynthetic rate, which were calculated from those Michaelis-Menten functions, and were found to differ significantly among different species. Stipa grandis may possess high photosynthetic productivity as they displayed higher apparent quantum yield, maximum photosynthetic rate, CO2 saturation point and lower CO2 compensation point, compared with the other species. While, Lutmus chinensis possess high RuBPCase activity as they displayed higher apparent carboxylation efficiency.

  Recent Advances in Microbial Degradation of Cellulose 2010, 26 (1):  231-236.  Abstract + ( 2039 )   PDF ( 1147198KB )   ( 2773 ) Resource ultilization of cellulose has become hot topic of research. Progress on the mechanism of cellulose degradation by cellulase, screening on the efficient cellulose-degrading microorganism and construction of composite microbial system were summerized in this paper. The attention should be paid in future research was screening on lignocellulose-decomposing microorganisms and building biodegradable system of lignocellulose which based on fully comprehending mechanism of cellulase action.

  Emergy analysis of eco-economic systems of Heibei Province 2010, 26 (1):  237-242.  Abstract + ( 1591 )   PDF ( 1195899KB )   ( 1196 ) The study of eco-economic system was important to the formulation of sustainable development strategy. Using the Emergy analysis method, a comprehensive analysis of the Hebei eco-economic system in 2007 was conducted on resource utilization, input and output, environmental load. The results showed that total energy usage was 7.70×1023sej, including the value of non-renewable resources products, renewable environmental resources, imports , exports was 7.42×1023sej , 4.93×1022sej, 5.33×1022sej, 7.41×1022sej, 2.13×1023sej, respectively; the value of renewable resource products was 2.13×1023sej, including the value of agricultural products, animal products, aquatic products was 1.23×1023sej, 6.78×1022sej, 8.37×1021sej, respectively; Emergy self-sufficiency was 105.4%, Emergy yield ratio was 30.3%, energy using density was 4.10×1012sej.m-2, energy usage per capita was 1.11×1016sej.人-1, Emergy currency ratio was 5.62×1011sej.元-1, waste Emergy was 4.66×1021sej, environmental loading ratio was 16.1, sustainable development index was 53.2. To sum up, the eco-economic system was unsustainable development.

  The Puyang grain model underproduction year and the main eteorological disaster analyze 2010, 26 (1):  243-247.  Abstract + ( 1724 )   PDF ( 1288027KB )   ( 1094 ) With well distributed weight linearity running mean processing method, Analysis all previous years grain yield, Will reduce production the scope ≥5% years to decide as the model underproduction year, Analyzes through the meteorological disaster, Discovers creates the grain underproduction the main meteorological disaster. The result indicated: The drought and the waterlogging caused by excessive rain disaster are create the local grain underproduction the main meteorological disaster. Along with grain yield level promotion, The meteorological disaster creates the economic loss assumes enlarges the tendency. While strengthens drought resisting, protection against waterlogging engineering construction's, Should strengthen to the airborne water resources development use, Simultaneously must promote the saving water irrigation technology vigorously, The full display limited water resources's maximum economic efficiency, is the agricultural sustainable development safeguard.

  Residue Analysis Method of S-metolachlor in Bean 2010, 26 (1):  248-251.  Abstract + ( 1942 )   PDF ( 1350803KB )   ( 1053 ) Abstract: A determination method of S-metolachlor residue was established by GC equipped with a ECD detector. The sample was extracted by n-hexane, cleaned by florisil-SPE column. The average recoveries of the method ranged from 84.47％～105.92％，and the coefficient of variation was 0.87％～7.81％. The lowest detectable concentration of soil, plant and bean were 0.01mg?kg-1, respectively. The sensitivity, accuracy and precision of this method were satisfied for pesticide residue analysis.

  The Mccurrence Regulation and its temporal and spatial distribution of Sunflower last frost disaster in Hetao Irrigated Area 2010, 26 (1):  256-259.  Abstract + ( 1464 )   PDF ( 1329308KB )   ( 1083 ) According to the river set the inquisition data and same period weather data that infuse main cash crop sunflower of area to suffer the frost influence through the years, make sure the weather index sign of the sunflower frost, and adopt to statistics an analytical method, to the river set the occurrence regulation that infuse the area everyplace frost carried on analysis. Express as a result that the frost be over time, delay toward the northeast region from the southwest; Everyplace frost variety trend different, but total the trend is gradual advance; The frost variety regulation and air temperature change the regulation dissimilarity, to the influence aggrandizement of the farm crop.

  Analysis of the Principal Component and the Subordinate Function on Rubber Seedling Drought Resistance under hypertonic Solution Stresses 2010, 26 (1):  260-264.  Abstract + ( 1705 )   PDF ( 1379301KB )   ( 1134 ) Abstract：Hevea brasiliensis seeds of RRIM600 were soaked for 7days under hypertonic solution stresses of NaCl, Mannitol, PEG6000 and the seedlings which could stand the high-osmosis stress were observed to estimate the physiological indexes related to the drought resistance. The analysis of principal components and subordinate function showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD)，catalase (CAT), soluble sugar (SS), praline (PRO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Superoxide Free Radical (O2-) were the most important physiological indexes for drought resistance in rubber seedling, and that all the treatments under trial gave a drought resistance in the order of Mannitol (10%)＞PEG6000(15%)＞NaCl(3%)＞Mannitol (15%)＞PEG6000 (25%)＞Mannitol (20%)＞NaCl(2%)＞NaCl(4%)＞PEG6000 (35%)＞Mannitol (20%)。

  Study on PLB Induction and propagation of Dendrobium officinale 2010, 26 (1):  265-268.  Abstract + ( 1706 )   PDF ( 1588274KB )   ( 1480 ) In this paper，an experiments was carried with the bud of current year after certain treatment, followed the approach: stem→ PLB inducing→ PLB proliferating. Adopted single-factor, double-factor and orthogonal design methods, and studied the effects of the different treatments and sterilization time on the induction of PLB (protocorm-like body). The results were as following: The best sterilizing method for stem was disinfected with 70% alcohol for 3s, and then treated with 0.1% HgCl2 for 8 min. The formula of the optimal culture medium for PLB induction was the MS＋6-BA0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L + 2,4-D1.0 mg/L. The best medium for PLB proliferation was MS＋6-BA3.0mg/L+ NAA0.3mg/L.

  Design and Implementation of the Grassland Soil Management Information Systems 2010, 26 (1):  269-272.  Abstract + ( 1441 )   PDF ( 1290179KB )   ( 1071 ) This article provides an overview of grassland soil management information system design, it contains the significance, the main function, characteristics, the implementation methods of spatial database、attribute database and function modules of the system, the system can not only provide reference information for participate in the management of pasture systems in all domain sectors , it can also be targeted for users of the species distribution, scientific fertilization, such as the role of providing guidance.

  Analysis on Change Characteristics 0f Agricultural Climate Resources in Qitai City 2010, 26 (1):  273-278.  Abstract + ( 1670 )   PDF ( 1460266KB )   ( 1161 ) Based on the meteorological data of Qitai from 1961 to 2000，the change characteristics of the mean temperature and precipitation was statistically analyzed．It was concluded that the climate was warming up in Qitai, particular after 1986s and warming up in winter was most significantly．The precipitation was increasing and with a significant trend．From1961 to 1984 was a period of spare precipitation and a fluctuated increase from 1985 to 2000.The first frost date was delay．The active accumulated temperature of≥100c steadily decreased. These characters would affect the layout and structure of agricultural production and crop planting．

  Study on Intensive Land Use of Development Zone：A Case of Xinxiang Hi-tech Development Zone 2010, 26 (1):  279-283.  Abstract + ( 1324 )   PDF ( 1298788KB )   ( 1092 ) null

  Design of the Improve Plastic Shed and Preliminary Study on the Temperature 2010, 26 (1):  284-287.  Abstract + ( 1567 )   PDF ( 1749855KB )   ( 1172 ) On the basis of the common plastic shed, the improve plastic shed was constructed, and opacity materials were added. In this trial, the temperature in the improve plastic shed and the common plastic shed was constrasted, utilizing rate, construction cost and income of the improve plastic and the common plastic shed were compared too, the results showed that the temperature in the improve plastic shed was significantly higher than the common plastic shed in January, performances of keeping warm and warm-up were superior to the common plastic shed, vegetabales was producted one month earlier in spring and one month later in autumn and winter, hardy vegetables could be also producted in winter, the income of the improve plastic shed was significantly higher than the common plastic shed.

  Preparation of Epoxidized Soybean Oil Methyl Esters with Soybean Oil Stocks 2010, 26 (1):  288-292.  Abstract + ( 1491 )   PDF ( 1654551KB )   ( 1256 ) A synthesis method of cheap and nontoxic plasticizer was studied.Epoxidized soybean oil methyl esters was prepared by abandoned soybean oil stocks, FT-IR and 1HNMR were employed to characterize the production. The optimum epoxidisation process was optimized by single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, m(soybean oil methyl esters):m(formic acid);m(hydrogen peroxide)=1:0.2:0.65,reaction temperature was 35℃,reaction time was 5.5h.The epoxy value of the final product under these conditions was 4.59%,and it was light color and stable quality.This product process provided a new way for using abandoned soybean oil stocks as environmental-friendly plasticizer.

  Studies on embryonic development, morphological development and feed changeover of Epinephelus lanceolatus larva 2010, 26 (1):  293-302.  Abstract + ( 1834 )   PDF ( 6844038KB )   ( 1331 ) Embryonic development, morphological development and feed changeover of Epinephelus lanceolatus larva were observed and studied in this paper, and the features of every embryonic developmental stage and morphological features of larva were described detailedly. The results shown that the time for the giant grouper embryonic development is 18h 30 min in the static water with temperature 29±0.5℃, aerating slightly, salinity 30.0. Based on the experimental data, the embryonic development of the giant grouper can be divided into five stages, namely cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, nerve stage as well as organogenesis stage. Newly hatched larva were nurtured in outdoor tanks under the conditions with temperature 25.0~30.0℃ and salinity 33.0~35.0. 72 hours after hatching, the yolk-sac was almost disappeared and the larva started to eat protozoa. From the 5th day, the larva fed on protozoa and small rotifers. From 8 days, larva start to eat copepod nauplius, also with few rotifers. After 13 days of hatching, larva eat mainly on copepod and dietary intake increased. The larva developed into juveniles 21days after hatching.

  The effect of different nitrogen sources to the growth characteristics of Isochrysis galbana Parke 2010, 26 (1):  303-307.  Abstract + ( 1654 )   PDF ( 1361539KB )   ( 1546 ) The study investigated the effect of ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and urea on the growth of Isochrysis galbana Parks contrast to sodium nitrate. The indexes that reflect the growth of algae include algae cell density and pH. Statistical analysis showed that the biological in training before 3 days group and control group cell density differences are not significant (P > 0.05), and the first four days later each group of cell density differences are significant (P<0.05). The results showed that ammonium nitrate is the best nitrogen source for Isochrysis galbana Parks growth, i.e.algal cell density is significantly higher than that of other source of nitrogen, secondly, sodium nitrate and urea , ammonium chloride in the lowest (P < 0.05).

  Study of pH value adjustment using alkaline reagents in the recirculating aquaculture system 2010, 26 (1):  308-311.  Abstract + ( 1811 )   PDF ( 1177409KB )   ( 1307 ) The circulating aquaculture system always depends on nitrifying bacteria to transform toxic ammonia into nitrate-nitrogen, and this transformation process will reduce the pH of culture water. So it is very important to maintain the pH value. Most of the research about that are just concerned about the theoretical study without specific experiments. We got some water samples form the circulating aquaculture system, titrated these samples by different alkaline reagents. Through comparing with their titration curve, we found that sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate are more suitable to control the pH. Besides, we also found that the water in circulating aquaculture has buffering capacity.

  Research on Coordination Between the Urbanization Development and Cultivated Land Change in Chengdu City 2010, 26 (1):  312-316.  Abstract + ( 1791 )   PDF ( 1326345KB )   ( 1067 ) China’s urbanization process has entered a accelerated development Stage,the scale of the urban construction site has extended,which is an important cause of the cultivated land has decreased.This paper analyzed the changes between the urbanization and the cultivated land resources, study the relation between the urbanization and cultivated land resources and the coordination relationship between urbanization and farmland area of Chengdu city from 1978 to 2007 based on statistical data. The result showed that there was reverse correlation between cultivated land area and urbanization leve1,the Coordinated index between urbanization and farmland area was a nonlinear relation in the past 30 years,the overall trend was”concessive and basically concessive→not concessive→concessive and basically concessive”.

  Tibet Autonomous Region, the per capita net income of rural residents trends Gray GM(1,1) model and factor analysis 2010, 26 (1):  317-320.  Abstract + ( 1520 )   PDF ( 1275110KB )   ( 939 ) Nearly 6 years per capita incomes of Tibet as the research object, the application of gray system, the establishment of a development trend of per capita net income of gray GM(1,1) model, the use of correlation analysis identified four factors related to the level of net income. Analysis: in the next 5 years, Tibet's per capita income of rural residents reached 24.695 percent average annual growth rate, net income of rural residents and the four indicators of a correlation between the income of the primary industry, the second is income of the tertiary industry, the tertiary industry the fourth largest.

  Strategies and Measures on Boosting Agricultural Industrialization Depending on Science and Technology Innovation——Ⅰ.Pandect 2010, 26 (1):  321-325.  Abstract + ( 1572 )   PDF ( 1204198KB )   ( 1106 ) Abstract: Boosting agricultural industrialization depending on science and technology innovation is the breakthrough of promoting coordinateded development of urban and rural areas. This study analyzed the major advantages and disadvantages of modern agricultrual industrialization of southwest China’s Sichuan Province, put forward developmental ideas and general goals, and illustrated the major tasks on promoting agricultural industrialization in accordance with “core technologies--priorty products—superior, featured and newly rising agricultural industries--post-earthquake agriculture recovery and reconstruction--regional agriculture-modern Agriculture” and finally put forward guarantee measures to reach these goals. This paper would provide references to boost agricultural industrialization for other provinces from practical views.

  Research on Land Property Rights Awareness of Cadres at the Grassroots Level in Countryside——A Report on the Survey in Dalu Town Bishan Count in Chongqing Municipality 2010, 26 (1):  326-330.  Abstract + ( 1393 )   PDF ( 1315077KB )   ( 967 ) The purpose of this paper is to know about land property right awareness of cadres at the grassroots level in countryside and provide policy suggestion and reform direction for land property right reforming. Method of participatory rural appraisal is implied. The result of study indicates that viewpoints of rural land owned by collected, collective member in developing, land property right capacity non-perfect are commonly hold by mass cadres. Viewpoints of leaving cultivated land, land broken bits, long contract scheduled time are also hold. The conclusion of this paper shows that rural land owned by collected，building peasants remove mechanism, giving owner whole capacity, building dynamic land transfer and achievement sharing mechanism.

  Study on Promoting Rural Land Management Flow 2010, 26 (1):  331-334.  Abstract + ( 1269 )   PDF ( 1197824KB )   ( 1216 ) 【OBJECTIVE】In the context of the fact that strengthening flow of land management right has become more and more important in rural reform and development, analyzing how to promote rural land management flow reasonably.【METHOD】Using method of literature to collect research data, and using method of survey research and summary experience to deeply analyze the problem.【RESULTS】Flow of land management right has great effect on promoting rural economic development and optimizing of industrial structure. However, due to a variety of subjective and objective factors, flow of land management right in our country is still faced with many obstacles. Publicity work should be prepared to mobilize grass-roots cadres and the masses, circulation of agricultural land market mechanism should be established and improved, and government should play a proper role so that flow of land management right should carried out successfully. 【CONCLUSION】Market mechanisms and government services are both very important in promoting rural land management flow. Rural service industry should be developed and innovated so that land management right can flow rationally and rural economy can develop successfully.

  Study on the Planning and Design of Environmental Embellishments on Public Space of New Countryside ——A Case Study of Qingshankou, Qianxi, Tangshan City 2010, 26 (1):  335-338.  Abstract + ( 1492 )   PDF ( 1932782KB )   ( 1099 ) Abstract: Based on the function of environmental embellishments, the thesis expatiates the environmental embellishments in rural areas planning and design should follow the principles and then layouts the questions in lack of facilities, messy layout, no characteristics and so on. Acorrding to the survey of environmental embellishments from Qingshankou in Tangshan city, designe a series of environmental embellishments about the number,the characteristics and the modeling.The aim is to reflect contemporary style of the rural characteristics of the environment and cultural pieces.