Current issue

• 2009 Vol.25 No.24 Published:20 December 2009

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  Antimycobacterial activity of 29 Plants Extracts 2009, 25 (24):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 1849 )   PDF ( 602452KB )   ( 1251 ) Present study assayed the antimycobacterial activity of 29 plants used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases. Extracts of the roots of plants of the Geraniaceae family have been used for many years in South Africa as native herbal remedies and there is circumstantial evidence for efficacy in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Some plants that grow in China are used in the treatment of respiratory diseases, reportedly have antibacterial activity. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of 29 Chinese medicinal plants used to treat tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases were screened for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) H37Rv using microplate Alamar blue assay test. Among them, ethanol extracts from Lonicera japonica showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against M. tuberculosis strains tested, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 50-100 μg/mL; ethanol extracts from Cirsiu japonicum and Cirsium Setosum showed the better antimicrobial activity against M. tuberculosis strains with the MIC value of 100-200 μg/mL; the ethanol extract from Ottelia alismoides was active with a MIC value of ≥200 μg/mL. No aqueous extracts showed antimicrobial activity.

  Effects of Extract of Lespedeza Bicolor on Abatage Performance、Lipid Metabolism and Immune Organ Growth of Broilers 2009, 25 (24):  8-14.  Abstract + ( 1228 )   PDF ( 702199KB )   ( 728 ) Abstract: 【Objective】The study was conducted to investigate the effects on Extract of Lespedeza bicolor (LBE) of abatage performance、lipid metabolism and immune organ growth of Broilers【Method】A total of 500 one-day healthy Avian broilers of commercial strain were randomly assigned to ten treatment with five replicates. The experimental stage is forty-two days. The control group (CK) were fed basal diet, group 1 to 3 were fed basal diet supplemented with 90,100,110 mg/kg of Lespedeza Bicolor crude extract, group 4 to 6 were fed basal diet supplemented with 60,70,80 mg/kg of ethyl acetate extract, group 7 to 9 were fed basal diet supplemented with 60,70,80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract. 【Result】The result showed (1) there was no effect on abatage performance with supplementing LBE(P﹥0.05); (2) supplemented ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of Lespedeza bicolor extract had some adjustment effect, supplement 70mg/kg n-butanol extract can significant degrade LDL-C level of serum 31.09% of 3 week, supplemented 110 mg/kg of Lespedeza Bicolor crude extract can significant degrade LDL-C level of serum 36.70% of 6 week; supplemented 80mg/kg of ethyl acetate extract and 60mg/kg n-butanol extract can significant elevate liver’s MDH activity of 6 week,43.98% and 36.96%; (3) supplemented ethyl acetate extractive and n-butanol extract of LBF can significant elevate Thoracic index and Bursa index(P<0.05), supplemented 80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract elevate 31.09% and 37.61% of Thoracic index and Bursa index in 6 weeks’ age broilers.

  The Nutrient Evaluation of Cynaya scolymus. L and Finishing Effect on BMY Cattle 2009, 25 (24):  15-19.  Abstract + ( 1272 )   PDF ( 599949KB )   ( 1220 ) The nutrient evaluation of artichoke, Cynaya scolymus. L and its by-product were overall analyzed to develop feedstuff related to artichoke and to clarify the effects of beef finishing. So the artichoke’s nutrient ingredients were analyzed and 30 BMY bulls were finished. The results showed that the crude protein contents of artichoke by-products were above 10.33%, and that the in vitro dry matter digestibility, NDF and ADF of artichoke power, silage artichoke and artichoke buds were 60.09%, 26.71%, 26.51%; 54.97%, 31.10%, 31.24% and 47.14%, 34.24%, 26.08%, respectively. Moreover, the degradation rate in rumen of artichoke’s by-products were higher than the most of usual forages; the DMD and CPD were 65.14% and 50.09%, respectively, indicating the nutrient levels were similar to high-quality forages. Finishing trials showed that the ADGs treated by artichoke pellet feed of artichoke and silage artichoke were 1 132 g and 838 g, respectively, which were significantly higher than silage corn (620 g) (P<0.01). The finishing effects treated by artichoke’s by-products surpassed the silage whole-plant corn, improving the benefits of beef industry. The nutrient values of artichoke’s by-products were closer to the high-quality forages and good for utilizing in beef industry.

  Identification of Enterococcus from retail Pork and Detection of Virulence factor gene 2009, 25 (24):  20-23.  Abstract + ( 1731 )   PDF ( 579114KB )   ( 999 ) The thirty isolates of enterococcus-like collected from fifty-two raw retail fresh pork in different farm product marker in Zhengzhou city during in 2007~2008, were investigated and identified by observing their morphological and cultivating characteristics and biochemical determination with Vitek-32 system. 16 of 30 isolates were E. faecalis, 4 of 30 isolates were E. faecium, 6 of 30 isolates were E.casseliflavus and eachtwo of 30 isolates was E.avium and E. gallinarum, respectively. Drug sensitivity suggested that all isolates were sensitivity to nitrofurantoin, vancomycin, teicoplanin and ampicillin and majority of isolates were resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin and erythromycin. The known virulence gene of cylA、gelE、efaA、ace、AS and esp for E. faecalis were detected and number of virulence gene among the isolates were different, number 7 possess all virulence gene tested and no virulence gene was detected in number 12, other range from were 1~5,respectively.

  Bacterial Endotoxin Test for Calcium Gluconate Injection 2009, 25 (24):  24-27.  Abstract + ( 1392 )   PDF ( 485425KB )   ( 924 ) OBJECTIVE: To establish a medthod for the bacterial endotoxin test of calcium gluconate injection.METHODS:The bacterial endotoxin test was carried out according to the bacterial endotoxin test in the addenda of China Pharmacopeia 2005 edition（the first part）.RESULTS: Calcium gluconate injectionshowed interference on the bacterial endotoxin test when water taken as solvent.The preliminary interference test and interference test revealed that using thinner I as solvent,the sample injection in over 2-fold dilution had no interference on the bacterial endotoxin test.CONCLUSIONS：It is feasible for bacterial endotoxin test of calcium gluconate injection be conducted in a limit value of 2.5EU/ml.The bacterial endotoxin test can substitute pyrogen test in the detection of calcium gluconate injection.

  The influence of heat stress, from mild to medium, on physiological index and milk yield of Holstein lactating cows 2009, 25 (24):  28-31.  Abstract + ( 1481 )   PDF ( 466373KB )   ( 969 ) 16 Chinese Holstein lactating dairy cows were selected randomly to study the influence of heat stress (from mild to medium) on physiological index and milk yield. The result show that: (1) The physiological index were no significant difference (P>0.05) between the mild heat stress period (THI 74.5±1.0) and no heat stress period (THI 65.2±4.1). The physiological index were significant difference (P<0.05) between the medium heat stress period (THI 84.0±2.4) and no heat stress period (THI 65.2±4.1). From mild to medium heat stress period, while THI rise 1, the respiratory rate of dairy cows increase 3.4n/min, rectal temperature increase 0.04℃;（2）During mild and medium heat stress period, the milk yield of dairy cow decrease 13.8% and 26.9% respectively (P<0.01), the relationship between milk yield and THI were negative (P<0.01) (R=-0.82), whileTHI rise 1, the milk yield of dairy cow decrease by 1.9%.

  Progress and outstanding of DNA barcoding in plant 2009, 25 (24):  35-43.  Abstract + ( 1557 )   PDF ( 577405KB )   ( 1772 ) DNA barcode of life has become one of hotspots of biology research in the recent years．DNA barcoding is now well established for animals．However，DNA barcoding in plants is going on slowly．And the search for an analogous region to plant has focused on chloroplast DNA and the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal．The quest for a universal DNA barcode in plants is still disputed．In this paper，the advance of these barcoding regions and their combinations are reviwed，the advantages，criterion，drawbacks，existed dispute，and the prospect of application of DNA barcoding in plant are summaried．

  Studies on Virus-free of Lentinula edodes 2009, 25 (24):  44-49.  Abstract + ( 1910 )   PDF ( 1838834KB )   ( 1191 ) with unique fragrances and a variety of health functions, Lentinula endodos is one of main cultivated mushroom in China. However, in some regions of China in recent years have witnessed varying degrees of mushroom virus disease,causing severe influences in yield and quality. Through experiences it showed that the virus is widely existed in Lentinula edodes.Three Lentinula edodes strains were selected to eliminate virus by picking up hypha tips(less than 0.2mm in length) . The results showed that:some strains with one band of dsRNA (11kb) left in Lentinula edodes strains were got, which called incomplete eliminated strain. only one strain was got with no dsRNA in it ,which called virus-free strain. the virus- elimination rate is very low by this method. The growth rate of the three kinds of strains in different pH were measured, it showed that the virus-free strain grew faster than virus-infected strain in pH 8 condition. cellulase, xylanase, laccase and polyphenol oxidase activity of the three kinds of strains were mensurated ,the result showed that the enzyme activity of Laccase and Polyphenol oxidase in virus-free strain were higher than that of virus-infected strain.Through the cultivation experiments ,the fruit body of virus-free strain is hypertrophy than others, and with a stronger anti-pollution ability.

  Bioinformatics Analysis of Sublitases in M. grisea and Secretion detection of MGG_07965.6 2009, 25 (24):  50-55.  Abstract + ( 1563 )   PDF ( 832763KB )   ( 1184 ) Previous researches have suggested that the subtilases gene of Magnaporthe grisea may play important roles in pathogenesis, In this paper, bioinformatic tools and genome database were used to investigate the function of sublitases in Magnaporthe grisea. By oncogenomic and phylogenetic analyses of sublitases, we hypothesized that some of the sublitases may control M. grisea pathogenecity . The genes function and physiological roles were also speculated according to the genes structure. The MGG_07965.6 gene was as an example for further study. The protein product of MGG_07965.6 gene was confirmed to secrete outside of the fungal cells.The functional genomic analysis methods were tested in this study for M. grisea based on the evolutionary theory and bioinformatics softwares.

  Effect of amino acids Stress on seedling growth and level of free amino acids in vivo in wheat 2009, 25 (24):  56-61.  Abstract + ( 1497 )   PDF ( 652305KB )   ( 1050 ) Abstract: When the seedling of wheat seeds were stressed by lysine and threonine,the results found that the growth of roots of the seedling was suppressed seriously, but the growth of leaf lightly under the concentration of 5 mmol/l . When stress was on by synergies of both of lysine and threonine,the phenomenon of cooperation inhibition could be prestent. In comparison, high-protein variety might tolerate the stress at higher concentration of amino acid then the low-protein variety. Determination of free amino acid content in the stressed plants by HPLC found that the stress amino acid had 3~10 time of accumulation, and the cognation amino acids had 2-3 times of accumulations, and the related amino acids had also 1~2 times of accumulations in comparison with control.

  Cloning and Sequencing Full-length cDNA of DFR gene in Hyacinthus 2009, 25 (24):  62-67.  Abstract + ( 1287 )   PDF ( 1885712KB )   ( 1009 ) A total length DFR gene was cloned with RT-PCR and RACE technology from flower bud with blue petals of Hyacinthus orientalis L.. Hyacinthus DFR cDNA was 1252 bp in length.Within the f ull-length cDNA , a clear open reading frame (ORF) was 1098 nucleotides ,coding 366 amino acids. The result s of homologous analysis in GenBank demonstrated that the sequence had 66 %～77 % identity on the nucleotide sequence and 62 %～73% identity on the deduced amino acid sequence. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that DFR from Hyacinthus orientalis and from Iris x hollandica clustered together firstly ,and then came those from other monocotyledon, dicotyledon came subsequently.

  Study on Extraction Methods of Sugarcane Total RNA 2009, 25 (24):  68-72.  Abstract + ( 1692 )   PDF ( 967111KB )   ( 1252 ) Sugarcane was one of the most important sugar crops and energy crops in the world. The isolation of Sugarcane RNA was a precondition of Molecular biology research. This experiment took the sugarcane leaves as the material, seeking the best total RNA of sugarcane extraction method through improving the predecessors′total RNA extraction methods for plants. The final improved isothiocyanate method Ⅲ had the characteristics of low cost, simple operation, coupled with time-saving and so on. Sugarcane total RNA obtained by this extraction method got the 28S, 18S and 5S rRNA three bands after the agarose gel electrophoresis, and the band of 28S rRNA brighter than 18S RNA. The result indicated that the RNA samples obtained by the method had a good integrity and high purity. In addition, the partial sugarcane total RNA obtained by this method could be increased specially by RT-PCR technique, and obtained the target fragment. The result showed that the RNA which had isolated by isothiocyanate method Ⅲ had highly quality and could be used for the later molecular researches.

  Research Progress on Protein Extraction from Plant Tissues for Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis 2009, 25 (24):  78-82.  Abstract + ( 1575 )   PDF ( 487826KB )   ( 1571 ) Abstract: The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis（2-DE）is the most popular techniques for protein separation, and the key technology of 2-DE is the protein extraction. Plant tissues usually contain high levels of proteases and secondary metabolites that severely interfere with protein extraction, separation, and identification. Preparing the high-quality protein samples from plant tissues for proteomic analysis faces a great challenge. This article briefly describes the critical points on protein separation, especially secondary metabolites in plant tissues, and removal strategies. In addition, it also provides an updated overviews of three total protein extraction methods, their advantages and disadvantages and their applications for protein extraction from plant tissues.

  Screening the Genes Associated with Rubber Latex Biosynthesis Using cDNA Microarray 2009, 25 (24):  83-87.  Abstract + ( 1459 )   PDF ( 740048KB )   ( 952 ) Abstract: The natural rubber is one of the more important industrial raw materials, also it is important and strategic supplies which relates to the national security and economic development. In this study, mRNAs were isolated form the tissues of rubber latex and rubber leaves, and their cDNA were hybridized with microarray, and the results indicted that 105 genes were up-regulated in rubber latex, including elongation factor Tu, sterol 24-C-methyltransferase，thioredoxin H-type 1， zinc finger (C3HC4-type RING finger) family protein etc. and 151 genes were down- regulated in rubber leaves. The results have the significant practice on discovering rubber latex expression related genes and rubber biosynthesis-related genes, and which make a good foundation to study the mechanism of rubber biosynthesis.

  Study on the Tissue Culture Technique of Ophiopogon Japonicus (L.f.)Ker-Gawl 2009, 25 (24):  88-91.  Abstract + ( 1591 )   PDF ( 511078KB )   ( 878 ) Abstract: With the tender stem segments with partial root of Ophiopogon Japonicus (L.f.)Ker-Gawl as the explants, the induction of sterile plantlet, formation of re-generated plantlet, differentitation and growth of adventitious root were studied. The results showed that disinfecting with 75% alcohol for 20s and 0.1% HgCl2 for 10 min had the best disinfection effect. The effect of bud-inducing and multiplication was better on the medium MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L，and the inducing rate of asepsis plantlet was 80%, the inducing rate of clumpy buds was 100％．The average of clumpy buds was 6.24 on the propagation of fourth and could perfectly meet the need for rapid multiplication. The inducing rate of adventitious root with the best medium 1/2MS+NAA0.5mg/L was 100%. When transplanted in the farm after two weeks, the survival rate of plantlets was 100%, and the plantlets were vigorous.

  The effect of gametocidal chromosome in wheat-rye substitution lines 2009, 25 (24):  92-95.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 437817KB )   ( 947 ) In order to study the effect of the gametocidal chromosome, crosses were made between wheat-rye sustitution lines H-13(1R/1D), H-24(5R/5A), H-33(6R/6A) and Chinese spring - gametocidal chromosome disomic addition lines, CS-DA2C(derived from Ae.cylindrica), CS-DA3C(derived from Ae. triuncialis).The results showed that the chromosome 3C has completed gametocidal action in H-13 and H-24, but its gametocidal action in H-33 is uncompleted, it has almost normal rate of seed set. This result indicate that the different genetic background of wheat-rye sustitution lines has great effect for the gametocidal action, possibly the H-33 line has the suppressor gene to the gametocidal action of 3C chromosome. When the H-33 line as female parent, the obvious difference of the rate of selfcossed seed set of F1 is showed between two gametocidal addition lines, indicating that the gametocidal action of 2C and 3C is different in the same background of wheat-rye alien sustitution lines, possibly the two gametocidal chromosomes carry different gametocidal genes.These results provide a good basis for further developing wheat-rye translocation lines.

  Quality Evaluation on the Monoclonal Antibodies of Against Fleroxacin of Five Hybridoma Cells 2009, 25 (24):  96-101.  Abstract + ( 1496 )   PDF ( 759321KB )   ( 1033 ) Abstract:The quality of the prepared anti-Fleroxacin monoclonal antibodies were evaluated by the stability of secretion, antibody-subtype , affinity and specificity experiments’results. It showed that the five strains of hybridoma cells contained modal number of chromatin for 87-90 which occupied for 81-84%, subtypes of monoclonal antibodies were all IgG1 types, affinity constant of ascites monoclonal antibodys was 108－109M-1.The cross-reaction experiments of Fleroxacin monoclonal antibody were carried out with Norfloxacin,Ciprofloxacin,Enrofloxacin,Sreptomycin,Gentamicin,Kanamycin.From the experiments we know that the prepared anti-fleroxacin monoclonal antibodies had a very high reaction rate with fluoroquinolones, but had no reaction with magnamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin.

  Studies on the Characteristics of Bile Salt Hydrolase Produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus M3 from Tibetan Kefir 2009, 25 (24):  102-107.  Abstract + ( 1621 )   Abstract: To investigate the characteristics and dynamic principle of the bile salt hydrolase produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus M3 from Tibetan Kefir, the single factor and multi levels orthogonal experiments was applied. Enzyme activity was tested under the different contitions:pH4~8, temperature31~43℃, concentration of substrate 4~8mmol/L, and different chemical reagents(SDS、EDTA、carbamide、Cu2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe3+、Al3+、Mn2+ )during 30 min reaction between bile salt hydrolase and substrate. The optimal reaction condition of bile salt hydrolase was pH6.0, concentration of substrate 7mmol/L, temperature37℃. Metal ion of Mn2+、Fe3+、Ca2+ had comparatively large elevation effect on the enzyme activity, and other chemical reagents had few effect on the enzyme activity. The kinetic constant Km of bile salt hydrolase was 2.60 mmol/L. Strain M3 entered the stationary phases after 18~21h. The enzyme activity reached the maxlmum during log phase growth at18h. The experiments results showed the category of dynamic principle was growth couple synthesis type.

  The Effect of Spraying KCL Solution on Nitrate Content and Nitrogen Distribution of Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) 2009, 25 (24):  108-113.  Abstract + ( 1526 )   PDF ( 616103KB )   ( 887 ) The Effects of spraying 1% KCL solution on nitrate content and Nitrogen distribution of rapeseed in initial siliquing stage and harvesting stage, which were studied by using soil cultural experiment. Controlled by Spraying 1.17% K2SO4 solution (Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate solution requirements in the same concentration of potassium) and water, the stems and leaves were sprayed, focus on the back of leafs, try not to spray on petioles, sampling in initial siliquing stage and harvesting stage. Spraying KCL solution every other day for 15 days start from late flowering, results showed that nitrate content in the leafs and stems were markedly reduced, Nitrogen redistributed to silique and rapeseed were efficiently promoted, nitrate reductase activity in the leaf were markedly increased. The differences of the same species which under different treatment are more serious, and the differences of the different species which under the same treatment are more significant.

  Investigation, Analysis and the Advice of Palm Industry in China 2009, 25 (24):  114-117.  Abstract + ( 1596 )   PDF ( 483381KB )   ( 1665 ) Abstract: Oil palm is the main woody oil crop in tropic area, and is also the highest productivity oil producing plant in the world. The main products of oil palm, palm oil and palm kernel oil have widely application field. Due to the important status of palm oil in China and 100% lying on importing, there is important strategic position of oil palm. The current situation of oil palm industry was analyzed in the article, and the advice for oil palm industry was also put forward.

  Research on Different Genotype Flue-cured Tobacco Leaf Surface Sucrose Ester and Chemical Components 2009, 25 (24):  118-121.  Abstract + ( 1096 )   Studies was carried out to relations between surose ester and related chemical components in leaf surface of seven different filue-tobacco varieties after pinching off. The results indicated: The amount of sucrose ester in leaf surface of different filue-tobacco varieties was obviously diffferent, and the change of surcose ester contented in different part of leaf surface presented the similar change tendency. Content in NC89 was the highest, then Yunyan85, and G80 was the lowest. And comparing leaf position, it was found that surose ester in leaf surface of different varities presented that upper leaf > middle leaf >lower leaf. And related analysis showed that content of surose ester was quite different in different flue-cured tobacco varieties. And surose ester, solube total sugar, reducing sugar and nicotine had a very significant positive correlation, but had a reverve associatin with non-reducing sugar and potassium.

  Study on the Extraction Technology of Pineapple Polysaccharide and Its Ability to Anti-hydroxyl Radicals 2009, 25 (24):  122-125.  Abstract + ( 1371 )   PDF ( 594181KB )   ( 1097 ) Hot water extraction technology for crude polysaccharide in pineapple peel and pineapple polysaccharide’s ability to eliminating the activity of hydroxyl radicals were studied. Effects of different factors such as material-liquid ratio, temperature and time on the yield of polysaccharide were studied. Results show that the order of the factors which affect the yield of polysaccharide was like this: temperature > time> material-liquid ratio. The optimal conditions for the water extraction technology were: 100℃ and 3 hours with the material-liquid ratio of 1:20. The yield of polysaccharide reached 5.2% under the optimal condition. Salicylic acid colorimetric was used to research the effect of pineapple polysaccharide to eliminate the hydroxyl radicals. Research show that crude pineapple polysaccharide has the ability to eliminating hydroxyl radicals. The eliminating rate was up to 50% when the concentration of crude pineapple polysaccharide was 19mg ml-1.

  Effects of Storage Temperature on Quality and Postharvest Physiology of ‘Whangkeumbae’ Pears 2009, 25 (24):  126-129.  Abstract + ( 1514 )   PDF ( 649224KB )   ( 1027 ) The effects of storage temperature on fruit postharvest quality ,core browning, softening, and senescence of ‘Whangkeumbae’ pears at -1.5℃，0℃，1.5℃ and 5℃ were studied. The results indicated that suitable storage period of ‘Whangkeumbae’ pears was less than 60 days at 5℃ and about 120d at 0℃- 1.5℃. When pears were stored for 180d at -1.5℃, rot rate was reduced significantly, fresh firmness kept high, chilling injury rate was 20%, and fruits without chilling injury had better flavor.

  Comparaison of the Morphologic Characteristics and Yield of Different Strains of Dioscorea Zingiberensis Wright 2009, 25 (24):  130-136.  Abstract + ( 1479 )   PDF ( 1043224KB )   ( 873 ) In order to solve the problem on the absence of elite, Dioscorea zingiberensis wright were used as materials in this study. The article inspected morphological characteristics of leaf, stem, root stock , flowering characters and yield. The results indicated: Dioscorea zingiberensis wright has abundant multiformity.The multiformity was useful for the seed breeding .dunshu38 was the best strain .The yield and quality of dunshu 38 was better than other strains.

  Concern the establishing of standard system with major chemical composition in flue-cured tobacco leaf and soil nutrient——A case study of tobacco-growing area of hunan 2009, 25 (24):  137-142.  Abstract + ( 1775 )   PDF ( 612777KB )   ( 976 ) The relationship between tobacco quality and the plant environment is one of the key question in tobacco standardization production. In order to clarify the relationship on the major chemical composition in flue-cured tobacco leaf and soil nutrient, the major chemical composition of 62 tobacco samples and nutrient of the soil samples were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium in G80 are higher than the other tobacco varieties significantly; the contents of nicotine and total nitrogen are no significant difference among tobacco varieties. The contents of flue-cured tobacco chemical composition are moderate in tobacco-growing area of Hunan. The contents of sugar are highest in Hengyang, lowest in Zhangjiajie. The content of nicotine is highest in Huaihua, lowest in Shaoyang. The total nitrogen is highest in Yongzhou, lowest in Shaoyang. The content of potassium is highest in Changsha, lowest in Zhangjiajie. The content of soil organic matter is richer. The contents of total nitrogen and alkalined-nitrogen are in the medium level. The content of total phosphorus is lower and the phosphorus available is in the medium. The contents of total potassium and quick-acting potassium are in the lower level. The effects of total phosphorus and nitrogen content in soil on flue-cured tobacco’s chemical composition are stronger. We could pay attention to establish the quality standard for internal control and industry and commerce change standard vary from the production base, especially, planting standard should consider its environment plenty. We could establish scientific and economical flue-cured tobacco standard system by existing technology quantitatively and economic factors comprehensively.

  Plant LEA Proteins and Their Functions 2009, 25 (24):  143-146.  Abstract + ( 2142 )   PDF ( 458960KB )   ( 1670 ) Drought, salinity and cold stresses are major adverse environmental factors which greatly limited the growth and development of plants, the late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA）are a kind of important cellular dehydration protectants and were assumed to play crucial roles during the periods of defending to drought and other abiotic stresses. The classification, construction and expression characteristics of LEA proteins were summarized and the functional researching progresses of LEA proteins for improving the drought, salinity and cold stress tolerance in plants were also reviewed.

  Comparison of Pollen Viability Determining Methods for Miscanthus sinensis Anderss 2009, 25 (24):  147-150.  Abstract + ( 1981 )   PDF ( 1109713KB )   ( 1410 ) The pollen vitality of Miscanthus sinensis was determined by in vitro pollen germination method, I2-KI staining method and FDA staining method, respectively. The results showed that with the in vitro pollen germination method, the pollens germinated in 5 minutes and reached an average length of 145.77 μm in 30 minutes. The average initial pollen germinating rate was 82.6 %, but it was decreased sharply to 3.0 % when the pollens were stored for 90 minutes at room temperature. The initial staining rate by FDA method and I2-KI method was 84.6 % and 86.6 % respectively, close to that of in vitro pollen germination method. However, the FDA staining or I2-KI staining method could not accurately distinguish the inactive pollens from the pollens having been stored for a longer time, as suggested that these two staining methods were not suitable for studying the change of pollen viability.

  Study On The Change Of Microbial Quantity，Enzyme Activity And Phenolic Acids In Rehmannia glutinosa Rhizosphere Soil 2009, 25 (24):  151-154.  Abstract + ( 1522 )   PDF ( 539098KB )   ( 1158 ) This paper studied the variations of phenolic acids contents, microbes flora and enzyme activity in yam Rehmannia glutinosa rhizosphere soil and their relations. The results showed that the content of phenolic acids and the numbers of fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes had a prominent increase with the yam growing development.The mone fast of rootstalk growing rate, the mone distinct of increase tendency. While the number of bacteria in yam rhizosphere soil were about 80% all the time, and showed increase tendency. The enzyme activity of catalase, polyphenol oxidase,protease in rihzosphere showed increase tendency, and the variation of enzyme activity in sucrase, phosphatase, urease were contrary. The content of rhizosphere phenolic acids presented a prominent pertinence with the numbers of fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes and the enzyme activity of catalase, polyphenol oxidase, protease, phosphatase, urease in rhizosphere soil.

  Determination of C-N Metabolism Indices in Ear-leaf of Maize(Zea mays L.) 2009, 25 (24):  155-157.  Abstract + ( 1354 )   PDF ( 510909KB )   ( 1184 )

  Conservation and Application of the Genetic Resource of Fraxinus mandshurica in China 2009, 25 (24):  158-162.  Abstract + ( 1518 )   PDF ( 504112KB )   ( 1191 ) Fraxinus mandshurica is one of the precious broadleaved tree species in northeast of China,because of long-term unscientific cutting, the resources of Fraxinus mandshurica are exhausted.To realize rational utilization and sustainable development of genetic resources, the research progress of Fraxinus mandshurica including distribution, growth rule, propagation technology, genetic improvement , forestation technology, utilization value, and the strategy for conservation and application were discripted in this paper.

  The ultrastructural changes of poplar leaf cells after black spot pathogen infection 2009, 25 (24):  163-166.  Abstract + ( 1362 )   PDF ( 2272687KB )   ( 918 ) To understand the ultrastructural changes of leaf cells after black spot pathogen infecting poplar leaves, the leaves of high-resistant clone Populus euramericana CL“NL 895” and infected Populus canadensis Moench were separately used as the experimental materials to analyze by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). This provided theory basis of cell aspect to further study the pathogenic mechanism of black spot pathogen.

  Study on species diversity of plant community in sands of the different successional stages 2009, 25 (24):  167-170.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   PDF ( 750328KB )   ( 1054 ) Species diversity of plant community in the sands of four different succession phases, which were the shifting sand, semi-fixed sand, transition zone between shifting sand and fixed sand and fixed sand, at southern edge of Mu Us Sandland, were investigated by the method of space for time. The result showed that species diversity of plant community in sands of the different succession phases was increasing trend. The plants of Leguminosae and Chenopodiaceae, as dominant plant species in the shifting sand, demonstrated a strong ability for adaption. Gramineae and Compositae by the shifting sand to the fixed sandy land, the species of which changed greatly, that indicated they were playing a great role in the recovery of the sands. Asclepiadaceae plants could serve as a indicative plants to distinguish between the types of shifting sand and other sand; Portulacaceae and Bibgnoniaceae plants, which appeared only in the fixed sandy land, has become a landmark to determine the fixed sand plants. In addition to artificially plant Caragana spp. and Artemisia spp. in the recovery process of sands, the dominant species was Agriophyllum squarrosun in the shifting sand, in the semi-fixed sands was Agrophron desertorum, semi-fixed sandy land and fixed sandy transition zone was Cynanchum komarovii and Cynancgum thesioides, and fixed sandy land was Hedysarum scoparium and Cynancgum thesioides. Therefore, in desertification control, should choose a different plant species based on different types of sandy.

  Relationship between Root Chemical Signals and Grain Quality of Rice 2009, 25 (24):  171-178.  Abstract + ( 1252 )   PDF ( 626354KB )   ( 981 )

  Breeding of a new peanut variety Fuhua 4 and the physiological foundation of high yield 2009, 25 (24):  179-184.  Abstract + ( 1536 )   PDF ( 576423KB )   ( 1041 ) The new variety nurtured by sexual hybridization and mixed pedigree selection method, Quanhua 327 as female parent and the International Institute for the Semi-Arid ICGV94449A as male parent in autumn 2001, has the high-yielding, drought-tolerant and adaptive extensive characters. The variety takes part in the province in 2007-2008 spring peanut regional tests, and carries on the production experiment in 2009 spring, and field acceptance passed by peanut professional group of the non-major crop variety appraisal committee of Fujian Province in July the same year. Pod per-mu yield 281.02kg, increases 12.33% compared to the control and per-mu yield seeds 189.65kg, increases 12.65% compared to the control. The seeds have 51.56% crude fat content, protein content 29.08% and susceptibility to the bacterial wilt. The growth period of the Fuhua 4 is about 125 days. Fuhua 4 has moderate amount of flowers, centralized flowering season and high effective flower rate. LAI of the seedling stage and pod setting stage lower than the control, and the etceteras high compared to the control. The NAR of Seedling stage, bearing pod stage and yield-forming stage is higher than the control. The flowering and pegging stage and vegetative growth appear at the same time, when reproductive growth has been relatively strong. Dry matter accumulation and more rapid transfer to the pod in bearing pod stage. Maintains certain percentage of dry matter accumulation and the high economical coefficient is a high production important physiological foundation. There have the big sink and source、the great ratio of sink/source and the good coordination between the sink and source, thus Fuhua 4 has the high yield.

  Preliminary Study on Influence of N、P、K on Main Economic Characteristics and Yield of Yangmai 12 2009, 25 (24):  185-190.  Abstract + ( 1596 )   PDF ( 590094KB )   ( 876 ) Abstract The purpose of study was to explore the optimum combination of 3 factors of N、P2O5、K2O in the high yield cultivate of Yangmei 12. The effect of three factors on main economic characteristics and yield was studied with the quadratic orthogonal rotation design with three factors. The thirty three polynomial quadratic regression effect model of 3 factors on the yield and main economic characteristics were established.The quantization of yield ≥400kg/667m2 index of main economic and Agriculture measure were obtained through analysis：Number of productive ear are 24.98～25.72 ten thousand /667m2、Plant height 84.50～86.67cm、Ear length 6.57～6.86cm、Spikelets 15.49～15.68、Grains 37.48～38.88、Thousand seed weight 44.45～45.49g，N17.29～19.30 kg/667m2、P2O57.58～9.43kg/667m2、K2O 8.53～10.35kg/667m2.Highest yield is 473.5kg/667m2，Corresponding agrotechnical measures are N18.0kg/667m2、P2O512 kg/667m2、K2O 12kg/667m2.

  Analysis for Fertility and Dependable Corp New Peanuts Varieties Longhua163 2009, 25 (24):  191-195.  Abstract + ( 1448 )   PDF ( 481205KB )   ( 995 ) Abstract: The data of peanut regional test in Fujian 2005-2006 is analyzed for fertility and dependable corp,The results show that two yeas Longhua163 the regional test average pod production occupying is the first.Average yield were 265.5kg/666.7m2 and 271.5kg/666.7m2, It was 15.7% and 16.3% higher rhan contrast Qianhua10.The fertility and dependable corp capacity of Longhua163 is better than that of other combinations. Suitable for planting in most areas in the province, in the environmental conditions and cultivation techniques best place greater plant yield potential.

  Correlation Analysis Between the Yield of Chinese Medicine Pinellia Ternata and It’s 4 Economical Properties in Karst Area 2009, 25 (24):  200-203.  Abstract + ( 1293 )   PDF ( 611271KB )   ( 830 ) (Aim)To study the correlation between several economical properties and tuber yield of pinellia ternata，and compare the impact degrees of these economical properties to tuber yield．The study will offer reference for pinellia ternata selection；(Methods)Plant pinellia ternata from different sources into the common garden，and record the number of 3 type tubers，the weight of hundred tubers，the yield of tuber in unit area，and analyze the correlation coefficient，path coefficient；(Result)The tuber yield correlated significantly with big tuber ratio and hundred tuber weight，slightly negative with small tuber ratio；（Conclusion）The significance of these economical properties to tuber yield is hundred tuber weight＞small tuber ratio＞middle tuber ratio＞big tuber ratio in turn．Accordingly，the yield of tuber will be increased significantly if we increase the big tuber ratio and the hundred tuber weight，reduce the small tuber ratio，and control the middle tuber ratio．

  Existing Problems in Utilization of Wheat Cultivars and Their Improving Suggestions in the Eastern Henan Plains 2009, 25 (24):  204-207.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 509413KB )   ( 917 ) Existing Problems in Utilization of Wheat Cultivars and Their Improving Suggestions in the Eastern Henan Plains

  Effects of Sowing Date and Seeding Density on Yield in Barley New Variety of “Flower 11” in North of Anhui 2009, 25 (24):  208-210.  Abstract + ( 1355 )   PDF ( 425337KB )   ( 836 ) Abstracts: To provide theoretical basis, a field trail was carried out to investigate the effects of different sowing dates and different seeding densities on yield in barley variety of "Flower 11" in north of Anhui. The results showed that the sowing dates during in late October to mid-November and the seeding density of 22000 plants per 667 m2 were more appropriate, in which the impact of sowing date on yield was smaller, while the seeding density on yield was larger. Therefore, setting up more sowing dates and increasing seeding density may help to find a more suitable sowing date and density to increase the yield of "Flower 11" in Northern Anhui.

  Studied on physiology bases of grain filling for “Liang You Pei Jiu” at the late development stage XIANG Xiao-Liang 2009, 25 (24):  211-217.  Abstract + ( 1300 )   PDF ( 998543KB )   ( 870 ) Abstracts: Objactive：To understand physiological bases of grain filling for Liang You Pei Jiu at the late development stage and study on physiology differences among varieties in the leaves and filling, the experiments was carried out . Methods: The photosynthesis rate and the enzyme activities in metabolisms of the energy and substances of the flag leaf and grain filling for Liang You Pei Jiu, Shan you 63 and 9311 at the late developmental stage were studied. Results: The results shown that changes tend of every physiological characteristics are at same for vigorous grain of three species, the Liang You Pei Jiu had advantages in the physiological activity at early filling stage and filling of vigorous grain. The physiological activity declined gradually during early and middle filling stage, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf declined fairly especial the physiological activity of week grain was more than other two species. Comparing with other two species, the changes of that ATPase activity GDH activity, sucrose synthetase activity, contents of soluble sugar and starch in leaf and grain were notable. The set up time of filling in week grain was slowly, in proper order, they are 9311,Shan you 63 and Liang You Pei Jiu from curve. Comparing with vigorous grain, the energy and substances in the week grain was on less. Conclusion: the energy and enzyme that substances synthetase activity are in lower in leaf and grain of the Liang You Pei Jiu, which are an important reason for high empty-unfilled grain. Therefore, it is an effective way for overcome difficulty that regulation in physiological function and activity of flag leaf and strengthen metabolism of energy of the week grain .

  Differences of Photosynthetic Characteristics in Rapeseed (Brassica napus.L) at Seedling Stage with Different Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency for Grain Production 2009, 25 (24):  218-224.  Abstract + ( 1572 )   PDF ( 595817KB )   ( 855 ) In this study, 28 conventional rapeseed (Brassica napus.L) cultivars were cultured in and 2007-2008. Through testing SPAD values and photosynthetic characteristics of leaf at seeding stage, and testing nitrogen use efficiency for grain production (NUEg) at ripening stage. The main results were as follows: (1)Difference of NUEg was significant in all cultivars, with the increasing of fertilization NUEg decreased significantly. (2)In most cultivars with the increasing of fertilization SPAD values, maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystemⅡ(Fv/Fm), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) increased, but non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) decreased. (3)There was significant positive correlation between SPAD values and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and there was significant positive correlation between Pn and Fv/Fm. (4) There was significant positive correlation between NUEg and Fv/Fm, and under no nitrogen fertilization NUEg was significant positive correlated with SPAD values.

  Effects of silicon nutrition on phenolics metabolization of rice ((Oryza sativa L.) exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-B 2009, 25 (24):  225-230.  Abstract + ( 1666 )   PDF ( 620370KB )   ( 917 ) The silicon nutrition characteristics and phenolics metabolism of two tested rice accessions grownin different concentrations of silicon nutrition under ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation treatment were investigated. The results were summarized as followings: (1) Under the condition of silicon-absent nutrition and UV-B radiation,enhancement, Lemont showed stronger capability of root uptake to silicon (RUS) and leaf use efficiency of silicon （LUES) than that of Dular. （2）The activities of PAL、PPO、POD、CAT and the contents of total hydroxybenzene、flavonoid、chlorogenic acid of leaves in Lemont with different silicon nutrition exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation were increased，while the content of dissoluble proteins were reduced, and the same was true in Dular. But hydroxybenzene metabolism in Lemont were stronger than that in Dular under the two cooperation stresses. (3) The accumulation of phenolic substances was induced by silicon nutrition, which would reduce the damage of UV-B radiation stress. The result suggested that the different characterics of silicon nutrition in the two rice accessions might be due to the diversity of phenolics metabolism, consequently result in different UV-B resistance in the two rice accessions.

  Physiological characters of Echinodorus amazonicus under stress of two different kinds of herbicide Xiao-Ping Wang 2009, 25 (24):  231-235.  Abstract + ( 1491 )   PDF ( 766639KB )   ( 827 ) In this paper the physiological and biochemical characters of aqueous plant, Echinodorus amazonicus, under stress of two different kinds of herbicides, acetochlor and chlorimuron-ethyl, were investigated. Systematic determinations and analyses were carried out from the aspects of MDA content, the production rate of O2-, the content of H2O2, the activities of POD, the activities of SOD and the activities of CAT. The results showed that the above characters increased with the stress intensity. The peak value of physiological indicators under Acetochlor stress was higher than that under chlorimuron-ethyl stress.

  Diurnal Variation of Photosynthesis in Superior Clones of Camellia oleifera 2009, 25 (24):  236-239.  Abstract + ( 1608 )   PDF ( 631628KB )   ( 990 ) Taking Camellia oleifera superior clone “XL67” as materials and using the Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system, diurnal dynamics of net photosythetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), and impact factors of Pn and Tr were researched in this paper.The results showed that:(1) Diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) presented a single peak curve, and no midday depression existed;(2) The diurnal variation curve of transpiration rate presented a single peak curve and the diurnal variation curve of WUE presented a double peak curve;(3) Through multiple regression analysis ,it was showed that the main factors which influenced Pn were PAR、H2OR、CO2Rand Ci, and Cond was the main factor for medium-yield variety, and Tr were mainly influenced by RH、Cond 、PAR、Ci and Vpdl.

  Effect of combined N and K application on leaf yield and qualities of Boussingaultia Var Pseudobaselloides 2009, 25 (24):  240-243.  Abstract + ( 1264 )   PDF ( 524153KB )   ( 856 ) The effects of nitrogen and potassium on leaf yield and qualities of Bossingaultia Var Pseudobaselloides in greenhouse have been studied. The results showed that N and K significantly promoted growth of Bossingaultia Var Pseudobaselloides and improved the leaf qualities under this experimental conditions . In suitable range, the leaf yield, soluable protein, reductive sugar and Vc contents obviously increased with the increase of N and K, when the amounts of N reached 775kg/hm2, the leaf yield and qualities decreased, and nitrat contents almost presented steep increased with different amounts of N fertilizer, soluable protein,Vc and reductive sugar of Bossingaultia Var Pseudobaselloides increased, and nitrate in leaves decreased with the use of K, The most suitable amounts of fertilizer for high yield and qualities of Bossingaultia Var Pseudobaselloides were N 5.75kg/100m2, K2O 3.90kg/100m2 under this experimental conditions .

  Study on influence of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizers on the Flavor Ingredients of Tomatoes Using GC-MS Analysis 2009, 25 (24):  244-248.  Abstract + ( 1531 )   PDF ( 487244KB )   ( 1148 ) Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Analysis was used to measure flavor ingredients in tomato fruits grown under three fertilization treatments. More than 50 organic compounds were detected from tomato fruits, with more than 50% of flavor content detected in the first interval (0-3 minutes). In the organic fertilizer treatment, the main flavor ingredients in tomato fruits were amino urea, methyl Alcohol, n-hexane, and pentanal. In the no fertilization treatment, the main flavor compounds were propyl methane ester, 2,2-bionic propane, and hydroxyl-acetaldehyde. In the chemical fertilization treatment, the main flavor compound was O2, which is perhaps one factor leading to poor flavor of tomato fruits. In the second interval (3-13 minutes), 12 compounds were detected for all the three treatments, and the organic compounds were mainly aldehydes, perhaps the basic framework of flavor compounds. In the third interval (13-25 minutes), content of organic compounds was low, 10-15 organic compounds were detected out, and several organic compounds containing silicon were discovered in the tomato fruits only from the no fertilization treatment.

  Application and Prospect of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers in Maize Production 2009, 25 (24):  254-257.  Abstract + ( 1498 )   PDF ( 462843KB )   ( 1365 ) In this paper, in order to promoting slow/controlled release fertilizers (SRFs) applying to maize production, achieve maize simplified cultivation production, the SRFs concept, characteristics and significance are introduced. The effects of SRFs in maize production are summarized in china, and the results showed that: the SRFs could make maize yield increase compared with conventional fertilizer in the same amount nutrients in different soils and regions, the percentage increases is 5.1-19.6%, current quarter utilization rate of fertilizer was improved with 3.54% -19.1 %, and was also the maize grain quality. the main problems are put forward about SRFs applying to maize production in China, the application prospect of SRFs is discussed in the future, and the maize-specific SRFs should be developed and promoted actively.

  Effect of Different Sources Humic Acid on Soil Enzyme Activity 2009, 25 (24):  258-261.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 522113KB )   ( 954 ) In the study we collected cultivated brown soil from tianzhu mountain in shenyang east mausoleum. The effect of different source humic acid on soil enzyme activity was studied in lavorafory. The experimental results showed that three humic acid all inhibit the activity of urearse and catalase. The action of lignite humic acid is highest. Three humic acid all promote the activity of invertase and neutral phosphatase, in it the lignite humic acid has highest action on the activity of neutral phosphatase, while the effect of weathering coal humic acid on the activity of invertase is highest.

  Study on the Landscape Patterns of Green Corridor in Nanchang City 2009, 25 (24):  262-268.  Abstract + ( 1433 )   PDF ( 1245437KB )   ( 938 ) According to the corridor feature in Nanchang city, the corridor is divided into three categories: gray corridor, green corridor and blue corridor. GIS and CAD technology was employed to process the basic data, distill and classify Nanchang's corridors, to obtain topological framework maps and to calculate the landscape patterns indices. This paper point out the problems of green corridor in Nanchang, and give the proposition of its construction.

  Drought Tolerance Analysis of Main Processing Tomato Cultivars from Xinjiang by PEG Stress during Germination Stage 2009, 25 (24):  269-275.  Abstract + ( 1402 )   PDF ( 671470KB )   ( 1085 ) In order to evaluate drought tolerance of main cultivars of Xinjiang processing tomatoes, the germination and seedlings characters of 14 processing tomato cultivars were investigated under half lethal PEG concentration (11.4%). Several indexes including sprouting rate, sprouting trend, sprouting index, the radicle length, fresh wet and dry wet of seedlings were investigated and cluster analysis was utilized. Results indicated drought tolerance varied among different processing tomato genotypes. Among 14 processing tomato cultivars, relative higher drought tolerance exists in Zaode, Jiahehongyun, Shihong15, Hongguo3 and Qilingzhuanshi; relative lower drought tolerance exists in Ligeer87-5, American Red, Jiahe9, Xinxuanheigeer87-5 and Changnong020; and the least drought tolerance exists in Shihong6, Qiling020, Qiling87-5 and Jiayi200. The cluster result in germination stage and significance analysis in seedling stage was coherent. The drought tolerance of processing tomatoes could be screened at germination stage and seedling stage respectively.

  Study on Testing Guidelines of Distinctness，Uniformity and Stability of Lettuce 2009, 25 (24):  276-281.  Abstract + ( 1533 )   PDF ( 539123KB )   ( 873 ) According to the testing theory and technology of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability of New Varieties of Plants, in this paper，the subject, selection and adoption of characteristics, states of expression and selection of example varieties, assessment of DUS of the Testing guidelines for Lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) were elucidated in detail. The preparation of DUS Test Guidelines for Lettuce will have important significance both of for promoting the development of Plant variety Protection(PVP) and increasing the status of international PVP fields for China.

  Effect of Bagging on the Content of Aromatic Substances of Whangkeumbae pear In Storage 2009, 25 (24):  282-287.  Abstract + ( 1342 )   PDF ( 491284KB )   ( 758 ) The aromatic substances in the fruit of Whangkeumbae pear in storage were determined by using headspace solid phase microextraction and GC-MS.The results showed that 139 kinds of aromatic substances were detected. After 0 day，48 kinds in bagging fruit,74 kinds in CK. After 60 days at 0℃ ,41 kinds in bagging fruit,31 kinds in CK. There were difference between kinds and content of aromatic substances for bagging pear fruit and CK in storage, and there were also difference in different storage time for bagging fruit.

  Study on the Planning Design of Emergency Shelter with Green Space in Tunxi area 2009, 25 (24):  288-292.  Abstract + ( 1319 )   Among the various urban disaster prevention systems，the emergency shelter green space is is one kind both can provide the natural space for the city and to be helpful to the disaster prevention rescue effective method. Through analyzing the conception about the mergency shelter green space and its construction condition, unifies Tunxi area ’s plan-layout characteristics, the disaster type as well as the city disaster prevention investigation, proposed the necessary to build green space for urban disaster prevention and some advices of the planning and design of the green space for urban disaster prevention in Tunxi area.

  Study progress of functional ingredient and development in mulberry 2009, 25 (24):  293-297.  Abstract + ( 1809 )   PDF ( 541375KB )   ( 1999 ) Abstract: Mulberry, its name is Sorosis, Mulberry Fruit. In view of the rich nutrient substance and good developing and using foreground, in this paper, ten years domestic and foreign research and development and use on mulberry was reviewed, has discussed the Chemical Composition, active substance, the situation of developing and using, broad prospects and existing problems systematically in order to offer reference of further studies and exploit of Mulberry from now on.

  Brief Introduction of Fruit Cultivar-Right-Protection in China and Its On-going Situation 2009, 25 (24):  298-302.  Abstract + ( 1495 )   PDF ( 507499KB )   ( 1248 ) The cultivar-right-protection for agricultural plants, being one type of the knowledge-right-protection of the breeders, has been gaining more and more social emphasis, same did the fruit cultivar-right-protection as one of the categories of cultivar-right-protection for agricultural plants. For a better fruit cultivar-right-protection in the future, we briefly reviewed the necessity of carrying out this work, the on-going situation of it in China, and the problems existing in this paper. Some suggestions for fruit cultivar-right-protection in China were also presented.

  Study on the Evaluation of Scenic Resources in Minjiang River Estuary 2009, 25 (24):  303-307.  Abstract + ( 1436 )   PDF ( 540345KB )   ( 835 ) Minjiang river estuary is one of the estuary that has significant scenery diversity in China. The physiographic characteristics of mountain, sea and island, etc., rich connotation of the history and culture, good ecosystem, vibrant modern industry and include the special view of overseas-Chinese’ hometown constitute a gorgeous and colorful scenery painting. This paper had evaluated the visual quality of scenic resources that used the VRM system in Minjiang river estuary. Among 10 scenic quality rating units, 9units belong to grade A and 1 unit belongs to grade B. Therefore, the scenic quality in Minjiang river estuary is very high.

  Retrospect and Prospect of Onion Production in Our Country 2009, 25 (24):  308-312.  Abstract + ( 1536 )   PDF ( 558607KB )   ( 1435 ) The paper describes the origin, spread , breeding technique and breeding history of the onion in domestic and foreign countries, as well as the development situation and problems of onion production in our country is summarized, and the future direction of onion development in our country is suggested.

  Effects of Zinc Stress on Physiological Character and Zinc Distribution of the Three Citrus Rootstocks 2009, 25 (24):  313-317.  Abstract + ( 1655 )   PDF ( 738889KB )   ( 1064 ) In order to investigate effects of Zinc stress on growth of citrus rootstocks, changes relatively physiological indexes and zinc contents in different parts of trifoliate orange, sour orange and red tangerine were determined under 0mg?L-1(zinc deficiency),0.005 mg?L-1(low zinc), 0.05 mg?L-1(optimal zinc) and 0.5 mg?L-1( zinc excess) with hydroponics. The results showed that zinc stress remarkably inhibited the growth of trifoliate orange and sour orange, whereas had little influcence on growth of red tangerine, POD activities in roots of trifoliate orange and sour orange were significantly lower under zinc deficiency and low zinc treatments than under optimal zinc treatment, while CAT activities in roots of red tangerine had no significant difference among Zn treatments; Pro content in leaves and roots of the three citrus rootstocks were notably higher under zinc stress than under optimal zinc treatment, leaf MDA and root Pro content of trifoliate orange were relatively lower than those of sour orange and red tangerine under Zn treatments. Zn contents in roots,stems and leaves of the three citrus rootstocks increased with increasing supply of Zn, Zn contents in roots were higher than other parts on the same Zn treatment, the ratio of leaf/root, stem/root and leaf/stem of zin translocation coefficient under zinc excess were significantly lower than those of other Zn treatments.It’s suggested that there exist differential response in relation to Zn stress among the three citrus rootstocks.

  Analysis of genetic relationships on Ti plant (cordyline fruticosa) cultivars based on the RAPD markers and morphological traits 2009, 25 (24):  322-325.  Abstract + ( 1366 )   PDF ( 590134KB )   ( 743 ) In this study, genetic relationships among 10 cultivars of Ti plant (cordyline fruticosa) were estimated on the basis of morphological characters and RAPD data. Twenty five morphological characters were analyzed with an unweighted pair-group method using an arithmetic average (UPGMA). For RAPD analysis, forty 10-mer random primers were selected and 126 polymorphic bands, ranging from 0.2 kbp to 2.0 kbp, were obtained. UPGMA cluster analysis using Nei and Li's distance coefficient were then performed. Moreover, the results based on different data were similar.

  Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics of E’Cha Series 2009, 25 (24):  326-329.  Abstract + ( 1396 )   PDF ( 502725KB )   ( 1011 ) Abstract：The main photosynthetic characteristics of E’Cha series were determined by TPS-2 under field condition. The results show that there are significant differences on net photosynthetic rate，transpiration rate，water use efficiency，intercelluar CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance among 12 tea cultivars. The water use efficiency of E’Cha No.8 and E’Cha No.9 is more than 4.0μmol/mmol，and the transpiration rate of them is lower. So they can be adapted to arid area. E’Cha No.4 and E’Cha No.10 have lower water use efficiency and higher transpiration rate than others，so we need pay attention to water management. According to the result from clustering analysis by SPSS，12 tea cultivars are classified into four groups. E’Cha No.1，E’Cha No.5 E’Cha No.5 and E’Cha No.10 are excellent in the photosynthesis characteristics，and E’Cha No.8 and E’Cha No.9 are poor in the photosynthesis characteristics.

  Present Status of Application and Problems on Woody oil Plant in China 2009, 25 (24):  330-333.  Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 449579KB )   ( 1831 ) In this paper, the advantages of woody oil plant were analyzed based on China's reality, and several typical woody oil plant species were introduced. The present status and problems on application of woody energy plant in China were summarized.

  The Extraction and Stability of Anthocyanin from leaves of Acer Truncatum Bunge 2009, 25 (24):  334-337.  Abstract + ( 1531 )   PDF ( 649360KB )   ( 884 ) Extraction of anthocyanin from the leaves of Acer truncatum bunge and its stability were studied in this paper. The main results were as follows: The optimum extraction conditions of anthocyanins from acer truncatum bunge were established with alcohol containing 0.1%HCL, 6h extraction period . The anthocyanin from acer truncatum bunge was sensitive to light. It was stable under darkness and 4℃; It was also observed that anthocyanin was stable while the pH was 2.0. With pH increasing , its stability was dropped significantly.

  Study on refined methods of rapid cuttage technique of Dahlia Pinnata 2009, 25 (24):  338-340.  Abstract + ( 1593 )   PDF ( 490458KB )   ( 901 ) Cuttage is one of the common methods in breed of Dahlia, but their rooting and survival rate exit obvious differences because of different medium and measures. In order to increasing the rooting and survival rate, we carry out this research. Under the former experiences and many years’ practices, we screen and get three idea medium and two methods, and then design six assembles to test. The study showed that perlite is the best medium, and “cuttage with soil” is the best measure. “Cuttage with soil” can solve and make up for the questions which caused by cuttage itself.

  Study on relative factors of the callus differentiation culture of Anthurium andraeanum 2009, 25 (24):  341-343.  Abstract + ( 1716 )   PDF ( 482876KB )   ( 896 ) Abstract: The influences were studied of variety, basic medium, hormone combination and slice block of callus on the callus differentiation culture of Anthurium andraeanum. The results have suggested that, in the same cases, bud induction rate, growth velocity and growth status of different varieties of callus of Anthurium andraeanum has larger difference. The suitable medium for bud induction was 1/2MS basic medium，and Differentiation seedlings grew more haleness and taller, and their leaves are green. The optimum hormone combination was BA 2.0 mg／L+NAA 0.1 mg／L with the largest number of adventitious bud differentiation ，and each callus produced 14.8 adventitious buds on the average. When the slice block of callus was 10×8×5mm3, callus enlarged more times, adventitious bud differentiated much more and growth vigor of differentiation seedlings was much better.

  Population dynamic of Ostrinia furnacalis and biological control on the pests by releasing Trichogramma dendrolimi in the corn fields 2009, 25 (24):  344-351.  Abstract + ( 1584 )   PDF ( 753147KB )   ( 866 ) In this paper, it was investigated on Ostrinia furnacalis including number of eggs laid, damage degree of spring corn in the spring corn field from June to September of 2007 in Qinhuangdao and releasing Trichogramma dendrolimi in the spring and summer corn field to control second generation Ostrinia furnacalis as the biological control methods on July, 29th. The results were as follows.The occurrence of the Asian corn borer was two generation in the whole year. And peak stage of eggs laid were respectively occurred in the middle of June and the early August, meanwhile, numbers of egg masses were reached 800 and 748 separately.Furthermore, the percentage of damage leaves, damage stems and maize ears were up to 78%, 96% and74%, respectively. The numbers of hole were up to 340 and 102 in the damage stems and corn ears by the Asian corn borer. Through releasing Trichogramma dendrolimi in the spring and summer corn fields, the parasitization rate of eggs in the second generation Asian corn borer were 80.00% and 81.44%, and by comparison with CK , the reducing rates of hole of control groups in damage stems and corn ears were up to 53.05% and 69.53%, respectively.It was concluded that the population of Asian corn borer was large and the damage by the pest was heavy in the spring corn fields, and Ostrinia furnacalis had a good action in the control of Asian corn borer.

  Compositions and Dynamics of Weed Communities in leafy Vegetable Fields in Guangzhou City 2009, 25 (24):  352-357.  Abstract + ( 1510 )   PDF ( 551759KB )   ( 920 ) Survey was conducted by sampling methods of inverted W-pattern to the weed communities of leafy vegetable fields in Guangzhou region across 2008.The result showed 60 species were found, which belonged to 23 families,45genera.Weed communities were mainly consisted of Portulaca oleracea + stellaria media + Polygonum plebeium in spring; Portulaca oleracea + Cyperus iria + Amaranthus lividus in summer; Portulaca oleracea + Amaranthus lividus + Echinochloa colonum in autumn and Polygonum plebeium + stellaria media + Polygonum lapathifolium in winter.10 worst weeds were gotten by calculating the dominance of weeds and they were Portulaca oleracea, stellaria media, Polygonum plebeium, Polygonum lapathifolium, Amaranthus lividus, Cyperus iria, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Echinochloa colonum, Cardamine hirsute. Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus lividus, Cyperus iria were the dominant weeds in spring, summer and autumn; Digitaria sanguinalis was the dominant weed in summer, autumn and winter; Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica were the dominant weeds in spring and autumn; stellaria media, Polygonum plebeium, Polygonum lapathifolium, Cardamine hirsute were the dominant weeds in winter and spring.

  Spraying Performance of High-pressured Electrostatic Sprayer TEPEC-B1 2009, 25 (24):  358-363.  Abstract + ( 1328 )   PDF ( 651773KB )   ( 1130 ) Abstract: The high-pressured electrostatic sprayer (HPES) TPEC-B1 was tested for its atomization distance, atomization density and atomization quantity. A common sprayer was used as control. Results indicated that comparing with common sprayer and non-electrostatic sprayer, the droplets density of HPES was much higher at the both sides of target; the droplets size of HPES was much smaller. The droplets size of HPES was 1/3 to 1/4 of that of common sprayer, droplet table is narrower, and the atomization quality was better than common sprayer. Different gear was used to adjust atomization distance and atomization amount, thus, TPEC-B1 HPES was fit for protection land vegetable pests control.

  Research on structural characteristics and applied properties of green pesticide dispersant GCL4-1 2009, 25 (24):  364-368.  Abstract + ( 1418 )   PDF ( 666758KB )   ( 1044 ) Structural characteristics of modified sodium lignosulfonate GCL4-1 were investigated with infrared spectrum, potentionmetric titration and gel chromatography, Results showed that GCL4-1’s sulfonic group content was obviously increased compared with original sodium lignosulfonate LS, and its sulfonation degree was increased from original 1.33 mmol/g to 1.96 mmol/g; Weight and number average molecular weight of GCL4-1 were 9700 and 2300, respectively. Influence of GCL4-1 on the applied ?properties of pesticide water-dispersible granules (WG) were further studied, when GCL4-1 was used as dispersant, the suspension percentages of WG before and after heated storage were both above 90%; the dispersion had excellent stability, the phase thickness of suspension was only 0.386 mm after two hours and the particle size was 7.22 μm. The value of EC90 of 80% dimethomorph WG’s control of cucumber downy mildew was 58.32 mg/L, and the value of LC50 of 80% fipronil WG samples on diamondback moth was 0.5196 mg /L, which meaned the indoor toxicity of the two WGs reached the level of the best foreign similar products. The comprehensive property of GCL4-1 is better than Kinsperse126 of the Borregaard company, which shows that GCL4-1 is a green pesticide dispersant with good performance price ratio.

  Inhibition effects of endophytic bacterial strains from Clematidis intricatae against Botrytis cinerea Pers. 2009, 25 (24):  369-373.  Abstract + ( 1346 )   PDF ( 2161291KB )   ( 988 ) Abstract :One strain of endophytic bacteria were isolated from and tested their Clematidis intricatae antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea Pers.The percentages of antagonistic strain to tested strains are 66.02% and the percentages of invitro tomato fruitage are 51.68%. The strain was identified as B.subtilis.The strain do not produce cellulase , β-1,3-glucannase and protease. The result of plants test showed using the coarse albumen that the inhibition zone was more than 20mm, and the coarse albumen have stability to temperature, ultraviolet radiation and PH.

  Extract from Chrysalidocarpus lutescens: Ingredients and Inhibition to air microoganisms 2009, 25 (24):  374-377.  Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 970856KB )   ( 802 )

  Research Status of Narcissus Mosaic Virus Disease 2009, 25 (24):  378-381.  Abstract + ( 1329 )   PDF ( 462898KB )   ( 955 ) Narcissus mosaic virus (NMV) is one important virus disease and occurs in narcissus worldwide. The classification ,biological characteristics, identification methods and prevention measures are reviewed,and the further researchs of the virus are discussed.

  The Preliminary Study on Antifungal Activity of Fermentation Products of Endophytic Fungi Y1(Pestalotiopsis sp.) from Pyrethrum cinerariifolium 2009, 25 (24):  382-385.  Abstract + ( 1526 )   PDF ( 543963KB )   ( 886 ) Abstract: Based on the antifungal activity screening of endophytic fungi obtained from Pyrethrum cinerariifolium, the strain of Y1 with higher activity its active substances were separated. The bioassay results showed that the inhibition rates of 10 time diluted fermentation liquid of Y1 and the endophytic fungi mycelium extract by ethyl acetate against 6 pathogenic fungi including Exserohilum turcicum et al. were ranged from 85. 2% to 95.1% and from 40% to 80%, and that of the 5 time diluted fermentation liquid of Y1 against Botrytis cirerea and Glomerella cingulata were more than 82%. The antifungal activity of fermentation product of Y1 were analyzed by in vivo assay, the protective effect against B. cinerea ，Phytophthora capsici and Lycopersicon esculentum were more than 55%, the therapeutic effectwere not prom inent.

  Toxicity bioassay of 11 common acaricides to carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) 2009, 25 (24):  386-388.  Abstract + ( 1559 )   PDF ( 484246KB )   ( 1109 ) The toxicity bioassay of 11 common acaricides to the adult females of carmine spider mites, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, in vegetables in Beijing area was carried out using slide-dip method in the laboratory. The results showed that abamectin had the highest toxicity with the LC50 value of 0.0007mg/L. Emamectin benzoate and Oxymatrine?Prosuler also showed higher toxicity to the mites, with the LC50 of 0.0130mg/L and 0.1461mg/L, respectively. Chlorantraniliprole, Pyridaben and Chlorfenapyr exhibited a little of lower toxicity, having the LC50 of 21.3122mg/L and 34.8519mg/L, respectively. The other acaricides had low toxicity, and Envidor, Chlorantraniliprole and Hexythiazox showed the lowest toxicity to the adult females of spider mites.

  Study on Influence on the Growth of Pathogenic Fungus of Black Spot Disease of Araliaceae in Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources 2009, 25 (24):  389-391.  Abstract + ( 1300 )   PDF ( 521893KB )   ( 851 ) Abstract: The paper mainly aimed at the growth of black spot disease of Araliaceae has conducted the systematic research under the different carbon and nitrogen source, grasped the most suitable carbon source for the growth of Black spot disease of Araliaceae,which was the strongest than mannitol, fructose, complete glucose, sucrose, malt sugar, lactose, starch (complete starch), dextrin. And the comparison was the most suit for the growth of pathogenic fungus, dextrin was not suitable for the growth of pathogenic fungus, pathogenic fungus can grow under other kinds of carbon sources. To the most suitable nitrogen source for the growth of black spot disease of Araliaceae was the complete protein peptone which was stronger than comparison, glutanic acid, asparagine,alanin, potassium nitrate, nitrate of soda, ammonium sulfate, ammonia water, ammonium chloride. And the complete protein peptone was the most suit for the growth of pathogenic fungus, pathogenic fungus was slow-growing under the ammonium chloride, not suited the growth of pathogenic fungus, Other various nitrogen sources suited for the growth of pathogenic fungus.

  Research on organization and management of ecological agriculture in China 2009, 25 (24):  392-397.  Abstract + ( 1135 )   PDF ( 512054KB )   ( 938 ) Organization and management plays an important role on promoting the development of ecological agriculture. On the basis of making the definition of organization and management of ecological agriculture, expounding its main function, the paper introduces the organization and management practice in different development stages of ecological agriculture and discusses the main experience and problem in the course of organization and management and finally put forward the countermeasures to strengthen the organization and management of ecological agriculture.

  On Ecological Concept in Environmental Artistic Design 2009, 25 (24):  398-402.  Abstract + ( 1481 )   PDF ( 466945KB )   ( 1183 ) his paper, from the perspective of the basic principles of environment, art and ecology, deeply discusses the fundamental basis and reasoning of ecological concept application in environmental artistic design, which will provide reference for man-made reshaping nature as well as for modern enviorenmental artistic design.

  The study of Copper Bioconcentration in Earthworms and Acute Toxicity to Earthworms 2009, 25 (24):  399-402.  Abstract + ( 1370 )   With the contaminated copper increasing in the soils, copper has an impact on the ecosystem and transferred in the food chain. The earthworms were breed in artificial soil with copper, in order to measure the acute toxicity of copper to earthworms and the bioconcentration in earthworms. The contents of copper were measured with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The ecotoxicity of soil was based on the method of international standardization of organization (ISO) and OECD guideline with some modification. With contents of copper in earthworm and artificial soils as endpoint of absorption test was conducted and the experimental period was 32d. The results show that the LC50 value was 116.91 mg Cu /kg dry soils in artificial soil test; earthworm's bioconcentration factor to copper was in 2.55-11.93. The linear regression of curve: y=-0.9870x+1.76，related coefficient: r2=0.9994. Experiments indicate that acute toxicity of copper is strong to earthworms. Earthworms have ability to concentrate copper, and the logarithmic ratios of bioconcentration fators and the copper contents in soils have obviously negative correlation.

  Influences of Sod Culture on Mineral Nutrition in Citrus Leaves and Fruit Quality 2009, 25 (24):  407-409.  Abstract + ( 1308 )   PDF ( 432723KB )   ( 1249 ) In order to investigate the effects of sod culture on mineral nutrition in leaves and fruit quality of citrus, in this study, clean tillage was taken as control, concentrations of mineral elements in leaves and fruit quality of ponkan（Citrus reticulata）under sod culture were determined and analyzed. The results showed that K, P, B contents were very significantly higher in leaves of ponkan from sod culture than from tillage orchard, whereas Cu content was significantly lower than that from tillage orchard, other elements such as Mg, S, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn have no significant differences between sod culture and tillage orchard. The titratable acidity of fruit was significantly lower from sod culture than from tillage, while the ratio of sugar to titratable acidity of fruit significantly increased in planting grass plot. Thus, it’s suggested that leaf K, P, B contents and ratio of sugar to titratable acidity of citrus fruit increase from sod culture orchard, compared to the tillage orchard.

  Isolation, Identification and Immobilization of Rhodococcus sp. DF51 and its Characterization of Phenol Degradation 2009, 25 (24):  410-415.  Abstract + ( 1432 )   PDF ( 656645KB )   ( 1162 ) A bacterial strain using phenol, benzoate, naphthalene, biphenyl and benzothiophene as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated from waste sludge and was identified as Rhodococcus sp. strain DF51 according to morphological, physiological and its 16S rRNA gene sequence. This strain is able to degrade polycyclic aromatics such as naphthalene and biphenyl as well as monocyclic aromatics such as phenol. Under experimental conditions, strain DF51 is capable of degrading at concentrations of phenol ranging from 100 mg to 800 mg, which is catabolized mainly through the catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase pathway with a minor catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase pathway. It is suggested the degradation way of phenol in the strain DF51 is differed from that of the reported phenol degrader. The results of immobilization of the strain DF51 revealed the optimum operation immobilization temperature is 4 ℃ with 3wt% sodium alginate (SA) , the ratio of 1∶10 [ cells (g) to SA (mL) ] and 3wt% CaCl2, showing that the immobilized strain DF51 has a certain potential of degrading phenol.

  Drought monitoring and evaluation of integrated services and early warning system development in Inner Mongolia 2009, 25 (24):  416-421.  Abstract + ( 1162 )   PDF ( 816447KB )   ( 912 ) Abstract: The project collected the whole region of the 118 meteorological stations and ecological monitoring of meteorological data, the full application of modern computer programming technology, the establishment of a historical database of meteorological services of drought. The development of the region to complete the network of meteorological stations throughout the day-to-day delivery (one-year, month) meteorology, ecology, disaster monitoring automated collection of real-time information collation, data interpretation, data warehousing applications additional program modules, and added to achieve a timely call real-time data applications business purpose. Drought analysis for Japanese service providers rolling drought assessment and early warning of drought level indicators, including classification, have been affected and the symptoms described, the establishment of a drought assessment, early warning model. Rolling to achieve the day-to-day monitoring and evaluation of drought and early warning services. System application modules, and a high degree of business, simple to operate. Drought makes the region a large number of meteorological services staff engaged in technical data analysis applications and services standards and production capacity. Work in the drought have received a clear benefit of business services.

  Research Advances on Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils Using Clay Minerals 2009, 25 (24):  422-427.  Abstract + ( 1460 )   PDF ( 562734KB )   ( 1640 ) Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils using clay minerals is an in-situ remediation technology. The technology was intend to realize the chemical remediation by adding clay metals to polluted soils. The clay minerals can reduce the mobility and bioavailability of the heavy metals by adsorption, complexation and coprecipitation et al, and reduce the transference of the heavy metals to water, plant and other environment units. Clay minerals play an irreplaceable role in the treatment of heavy metal polluted soils. This process was superior to the traditional process in abundant resources, simplified operation and rapid repairing process. The mechanisms and repairing effects of remediation were discussed. Test and evaluation methods of the technology were introduced. The paper points out the application prospects and existing problems of the clay minerals, and then puts forward some suggestions for future work in the end.

  CO2、N2O Emission from red soil dry-land under long-term fertilization 2009, 25 (24):  428-433.  Abstract + ( 1587 )   PDF ( 699124KB )   ( 1164 ) Abstract: Diurnal variation of soil respiration affected by long-term different fertilization at various growth stages of wheat in red soil dry-land was investigated with the static dark chamber method and gas chromatograph technique at the Experimental station of red soil CAAS. Results show that the different soil fertility and crop growth under long-term different fertilization is an important factor to effect the soil CO2, N2O emissions. During the growth stages of wheat, soil respiration rate displayed an obvious seasonal curve. CO2, N2O emission fluxes in different experimental treatments had significant differences Cumulative emissions of CO2 and N2O in the year varying in the range of 8284.02 kg?ha-1～15863.48 kg?ha-1 and 0.37 kg?ha-1～2.04 kg?ha-1. In terms of the effect of fertilization, the CO2 emissions followed an order of 1.5NPKM>NPKM>NPK>CK>NP, and N2O emissions followed an order of 1.5NPKM>NPKM>NPK>NP>CK, The treatment with organic manure increase in CO2 and N2O emissions significantly (p < 0.05) than the others. The change of CO2 emissions was obviously related to soil temperature, but the change of N2O emissions was obviously related to soil water content.

  Study on Integrated Management Ideology of Territorial Control Planning——A Case Study of Territorial Control Planningin Dalu Town Bishan County Chongqing Municipality 2009, 25 (24):  434-438.  Abstract + ( 1316 )   PDF ( 2833316KB )   ( 869 ) The purpose of the paper is to provide theoretical basis for draw up scientifically territorial control planning, and to take reference for studies similar to it. Methods of documentation, theoretical study and case study are employed. The connotation and its characteristics & dialectical relation of integrated management ideology of territorial control planning are pointed out. Thought of management integration in territorial control planning is an important ideology to direct territorial control and planning in town scale.

  The Leading Factors on Increasing Food Yield in Karst Rock-desertification Area of Southwest Yunnan Province: A case study in Xichou County 2009, 25 (24):  439-444.  Abstract + ( 1493 )   PDF ( 583225KB )   ( 1042 ) According to the statistics of farmland resources and social economy data of Xichou County in nearly 17 years (1990~2006), the paper has analyzed the leading factors on increasing food yield in rock-desertification area of Xichou County with principal component analysis method. The result indicates that the contribution ratio of farmland quality reached 69.85%, and that of economic investment was 20.29%, this shows that the farmland quality is the dominant factor leading to food increase, which mainly benefits from implementing of Land Consolidation Pattern in Xichou County. Because of the lack of reserved farmland resources and the trend of farmland decrease for the need of economic construction, only by constancy push on land consolidation, practically strengthen soil improvement, improve farmland infrastructure construction, the farmland quality can been heightened and food output will been increased.

  Assessment of waste pollution risk of livestock and poultry breeding industry in Fujian 2009, 25 (24):  445-449.  Abstract + ( 1406 )   PDF ( 540235KB )   ( 1175 ) The pollution risk of livestock and poultry breeding industry in Fujian province from 1985 to 2005 was assessed through the production amounts of animal manure of livestock and poultry breeding industry and the parameter of cropland load and loss amount. Assessment results are as follows: The production amounts of animal manure of livestock and poultry breeding industry of Fujian in 1985 was 21.8 million tons, and in 2005 reached 42.5 million tons, more than doubled. The average cropland load of animal manure and its N, P2O5 nutrient in 1985 were 15.2 t ? hm-2, 96 kg ? hm-2 and 45 kg ? hm-2; but in 2005 were 29.6 t ? hm-2, 181 kg ? hm-2 and 96 kg ? hm-2. And the loss amounts of N, P2O5, K2O nutrient of animal manure in 1985 were 32,600 t, 7,000 t and 44,700 t; but in 2005 were 60,500 t, 18,500 t and 105,300 t. In 2005, N emissions of livestock and poultry breeding industry in Fujian are 7.4 times the amount of industrial wastewater and 1.9 times the amount of domestic sewage. Hence, the livestock and poultry breeding industry of Fujian Province has become one of the most important pollution sources of eutrophication.

  Effect of Cadmium stress on seedlings growth and physiological characteristics in different rice cultivars jy 2009, 25 (24):  450-454.  Abstract + ( 1434 )   PDF ( 601899KB )   ( 1381 ) The seedlings growth and physiological characteristics of two rice cultivars with different resistance (Xiushui 63 and Xiushui09) were studied with a hydroponic experiment under different Cd concentration (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100μmol/L). The results showed that rice seedlings growth restrained significantly with the increasing of Cd concentration and the decrease of height, chlorophyll content and leaf dry weight in Xiushui 63 was greater that those in Xiushui 09. The content of praline and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were increased under Cd stress. The increase of proline content and POD was more pronounced in the xiushui 63 under lower level of Cd, however, it was more pronounced in the Xiushui 09 under higher level of Cd. The activity of Catalase (CAT) firstly increased and then decreased as the Cd concentration increased. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with Cd concentration increased, which was higher in Xiushui 63 than Xiushui 09 in the identical concentration of Cd. The experimental results show that Xiushui 09 was more resistant to Cd stress than Xiushui 63.

  Application of the biosurfactants in remediation of contaminated soil 2009, 25 (24):  455-458.  Abstract + ( 1403 )   PDF ( 430022KB )   ( 1227 ) some distinguishing features about the biosurfactant were summarized in this paper, such as characteristics of the structure，and so on. The the novel researches of application and the mechanism about surfactants in remediation of contaminated soil also had been discussed. In the end, foreground for developing the biosurfactant was prospected.

  Decomposition Dynamic of Phragmites australis and Typha angustata in Dawenhe wetland 2009, 25 (24):  464-467.  Abstract + ( 1558 )   PDF ( 550957KB )   ( 938 ) The remaining ratio of litter decomposition， component contents of cellulose and lignin of Phragmites australis and Typha angustata in Dawenhe wetland were measured; Changing trend and the result of nutrient dynamics were analyzed. The results showed that : (1) With the litter decomposition of Phragmites australis and Typha angustata ，the changing tendency of decomposition ratio was similier but different in result.， it fell rapidly in Nov.~Jan ，and then declined gradually in Jan~Apr.， the last Apr~Aug.fell more rapidly. 2）Decomposition ratio in the upper layer was more rapidly than the lower layer(k value 0.003>0.002) ， Remaining of litter decomposition were FL42%，CL58%，FX38.2%，CX53.3%.

  Effect of Contamination of Nitrobenze on Rice Growth and Food Safety of Rice 2009, 25 (24):  468-471.  Abstract + ( 1443 )   PDF ( 580906KB )   ( 869 ) Abstract: Nitrobenze is oily colorless liquid with flavor of bitter, which is denser than water. Nitrobenze ,which is poisonous, is important material to manufacture dyestuff. There were less research of nitrbenze on growth of crop. Take rice line Ha04-34 as material, effect of contamination of nitrobenze on rice growth, yield traits and food security were studied. The results were as follows: effect of nitrobenze on rice growth were delaying heading and maturity, and reducing spikes per hill. The paddy, when concentration of nitrobenze was above 3 times of state standard in irrigating water, could not cultivated rice, and it had not detected nitrobenze residue in seed only the rice could to maturity.

  Toxicity Effects of Nitrobenzene on Tadpoles Rana amurensis Growth and Development 2009, 25 (24):  472-475.  Abstract + ( 1322 )   PDF ( 566795KB )   ( 1082 ) In this study, a standard method was used to evaluate the toxicity effects of Nitrobenzene on tadpoles Rana amurensis growth and development. The results showed that the regression equations between the individuals’ death probability and the logarithm of Nitrobenzene concentration for 24, 48 and 72 h were y=0.232x+1.523, y=0.246x+1.786, y=0.414x+1.889, suggesting that the death probability of tadpoles R. amurensis individuals had a positive linear correlation with definite range of Nitrobenzene concentration. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) were 75.84, 58.60 and 31.62 uL?L-1 respectively and the safe concentration (SC) was 13.63 uL?L-1. Under the SC, the growth and development of tadpole R. amurensis on the head length, body length and body weight could be still delayed and disturbed, also resulted in the malformation of tadpoles R. amurensis.

  Analysis of modern agriculture pattern of developing areas——A case study of Liaocheng 2009, 25 (24):  476-479.  Abstract + ( 1360 )   PDF ( 471213KB )   ( 938 ) By using the statistic data, this paper analysed morden agriculture pattern of Liaocheng. The results of this study are as follow: (1)There are four patterns of morden agriculture developed in Liaocheng; (2)The main active factors are the government managements, the agriculture industrialization and the science and technology supports; (3)The main factors restricting modern agriculture development are the immoderate government planning, the limited financing, the lower industrialization and the insufficient contribution of science and technology; (4)The important things need to do are improving the government managements, bring about industrialization and promoting the progress of technical innovation.

  A student on climate survey by phenological index 2009, 25 (24):  480-483.  Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 459788KB )   ( 890 ) Abstract: To make an over-all supervision in Complicated Terrain Area by phenological index and make precision agricultural climatic regionalization is a simple and accurate method. We made the phenological supervision in Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province by different landform、height above sea level and microclimatic zoning at a fixed point. We knew the climate difference and some microclimatic characteristics in Jiexiu by long-term observation abut 133 items phonological phenomenon. This will provide a scientific basis for establishing precision agricultural climatic regionalization and developing ecological agriculture. If we can make good use of phenological index and get climate data of one place, we will take full advantage of local zoology for agriculture increase yield and income.

  Influence of biogas slurry irrigating on the soil environment and radish quality 2009, 25 (24):  484-487.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 460699KB )   ( 1177 )

  Study on the Residues of Organophosphorus Pesticide in the Soil of Chinese Wolfberry Produce District in Ningxia 2009, 25 (24):  488-490.  Abstract + ( 1567 )   PDF ( 421311KB )   ( 1143 ) In this study,the residues of the 5 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides usually using in Chinese wolfberry orchard in recent years in soil samples of the Chinese wolfberry orchard were detected and analyzed in Zhongning county of Ningxia autonomous region.The results showed that the detection rate of chlorpyrifos were 41.67% and the residues was greater than or equal to 12μg/kg and the max residues was 54μg/kg.The detection rate of parathion were 8.33% and the others hadn’t been checked out .Residual organophosphorus pesticide in soil were potential threat to safe production of wolfberry and human health in chinese wolfberry orchard.The residues of organophosphorus pesticide in different soil types hadn’t evident difference.

  Development of the Indian coffee industry 2009, 25 (24):  491-494.  Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 441327KB )   ( 1363 ) Coffee，tea and cocoa called the world's three major beverages. On the annual consumption is concerned, it is more than twice as large as cocoa, three times larger than tea. In recent years, in government funding, Indian coffee industry has developed rapidly, so far Indian’s coffee production has ranked second and accounting for 25% in Asia. This paper analyzed the distribution of India's coffee growing areas, export and domestic consumption. In the recent years, the Indian Government has taken various measures aim to improve the coffee yield and quality and to sell more India coffee in the global market.

  Construction of binary vectors expressing V-PPase gene efficiently in laticifer of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. ) 2009, 25 (24):  495-500.  Abstract + ( 1714 )   PDF ( 1475767KB )   ( 1007 ) Genomic DNA was extracted from leaf, and total RNA was isolated from latex of rubber tree. REF promoter fragment of 378 bp and the V-PPase fragment of 2310 bp was cloned by PCR using specific primers. Sequence analysis showed that, the cloned V-PPase gene fragment was identical with that logged on GenBank, and the cloned REF promoter fragment shared high identities with four submitted REF promoter sequences in NCBI at a rate of 98.68 % and 99.47 %, respectively. Then the two fragments was cloned into the plant expression vector pCAMBIA1301, pCAMBIA2301 and pCAMBIA3301 by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation to get the recombinant expression vector pC1301RV, pC2301RV and pC3301RV contained hygromycin phosphotransferase Ⅱ(hpt Ⅱ) gene , neomycin phosphotransferaseⅡ(npt Ⅱ) gene and bialaphos resistance(bar) gene, respectively, which might express V-PPase gene efficiently in laticifer of rubber tree. The expression vectors were transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 by freeze-thaw method. This work set a good foundation for further genetic transformation of rubber tree.

  Report on Applying And Breeding of New Cassava Cultivar Xinxuan 048 LUO Xing-LU 2009, 25 (24):  501--505.  Abstract + ( 1371 )   PDF ( 12734607KB )   ( 792 ) Abstract: Cassava cultivar Xinxuan 048 is a new one which bred by cassava project group of Agricultural College, Guanxi University with system breeding method from natural variation plant of cassava resource ZM93-16. The cultivar had a good plant form with no branch and dense stem note; and a good growth characteristics with seed stem germinating rapidly; leaf and stem growing vigorously. It was harvested more easily than other cultivars because its root tubers grew densely in the surface soil. It was shown in many experiments that the yields of Xinxuan 048 were higher than those of other cultivars. Generally, the yields of Xinxuan 048 were 45000-60000kg/hm2, the highest yield was more than 75000 kg/hm2. The change of starch content in the tuberous root was from 28 percent to30 percent.

  The effect of Low temperature stress on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in oil palm seedlings 2009, 25 (24):  506-509.  Abstract + ( 2615 )   PDF ( 532242KB )   ( 1407 ) Exposure of potted oil palm seedlings to different temperature(25℃,10℃,7℃,4℃and 1℃) under low light(30μmol/)for 3 day respectively, the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured in leaves of oil palm seedlings. The results showed that when the treatment temperature decreased from 25 ℃ to 4 ℃,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),the stomata conductance(Gs), the transpiration rate(Tr)，the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) all decreased evidently,but stomatal limitation(Ls) and water use efficiency (WUE) increased significantly, It is suggested that stomatal limitation became the mainly cause of the reduction of Pn in oil palm seedlings. However, as the temperature dropped from 4 ℃ to 1 ℃, the Pn,Gs,Tr,WUE, Ls were decreased significantly,whereas the Ci was increased dramatically, It indicated that the photosynthesis inhibition by severe low temperature stress was resulted from non-stomatal limitations. The determination of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters revealed that as the temperature dropped continuously,the initial fluorescence (Fo) increased gradually,the PSⅡmaximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), nonphotochemical quenching coefficient (qN) decreased continuously,these parameters had a change dramatically below 4℃. It indicated that exposure of oil palm seedlings to extreme low temperature,the photoinhibition in oil palm seedlings leaves has been induced significantly, the excess excitation energy didn’t dissipated by thermal dissipation route,and accumulated largely in the reaction center of PSⅡ,so that caused damage severely to photosynthesis apparatus and the final weakened quickly photosynthesis capacity of oil palm seedlings.

  Analysis on Regional Correlation of the Mean increase rate of Patent Accept and Authorization in China form 2003 to 2007 2009, 25 (24):  510-514.  Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 1381860KB )   ( 716 ) Based on the analysis of the average increase rate of patent accept and authorization in China from 2003 to 2007, the global spatial autocorrelation and the local spatial autocorrelation of the average increase rates of patent accept and authorization in China from 2003 to 2007 were studied by using the method of spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results indicated that the average increase rates of patent accept in the provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government or municipalities ranged from 5.77% to 95.90% and those of patent authorization varied from -3.11% to 81.25%. The parts of regions distributing in eastern China and western China had relatively great contributions to the increase level of the whole country with the high increase rates. The global Moran’s I indexes of the average increase rates of patent accept and authorization were 0.1535 and 0.0921 respectively. There was no significant global spatial cluster for both of the increase rates of patent accept and authorization with the random distribution on the whole. However, significant local spatial autocorrelation occurred. For the increase rate of patent accept, the provinces showing significant “Low-Low” correlation mainly distributed in the northeast of China and the provinces of significant “High-High” correlation were mainly located at eastern China. For the increase rate of patent authorization, the provinces displaying significant “Low-Low” correlation mainly centered on southern China and the provinces of significant “High-High” correlation were mainly situated at western China and eastern China.

  Research progress of agricultural field data collection based on wireless sensor networks 2009, 25 (24):  515-519.  Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 488984KB )   ( 1776 ) Wireless sensor networks is a new technology of data collection and processing, it is becoming an increasing application in agricultural data collection in recent years. The related technology of wireless sensor networks is becoming a research focus. This paper reviewed the architecture and features of wireless sensor networks, and the research status at home and abroad of its applications in agricultural fields, in the end we discussed the trends and challenges of agricultural information acquisition based on wireless sensor networks.

  Design and Implementation of Province Agrometeorological Database Management System Based on SQL Server 2009, 25 (24):  520-524.  Abstract + ( 1280 )   PDF ( 1404031KB )   ( 1045 ) To standardization of agrometeorological data and basic data support of Provincial Agrometeorological Operation and Service System (PAMOS), Provincial Agrometeorological Database Management System (PADBMS) was designed and implemented. PADBMS is one among subsystem of PAMOS that China Meteorological Administration (CMA) organizes and designs large operation software. It is spread and applied to countrywide provincial meteorological operation unit. This subsystem Classified design agrometeorological database based on characteristic of provincial agrometerological data. The database system developmental platform is now popular desktop distributional database——Microsoft SQL Server. This subsystem establish agrometeorological data standard storage format、data-input and transformation way. Under mode of C/S(Client / Server),designs and implements function of creating database、query、copy、transform etc.

  Demand-orientation Analysis and Thinking of Agriculture-related Management Information Based on Farmer’s Viewpoint 2009, 25 (24):  525-529.  Abstract + ( 1416 )   PDF ( 611123KB )   ( 955 ) According to the first hand information obtained from questionnaire survey and interview survey over farmers, firstly, the influencing factors of the agriculture-related management information demand of farmers are analyzed, including education background, development level, management scale, information cost, gender difference, etc.; secondly, the characteristics and orientation of the agriculture-related information demand of farmers from the aspects of information literacy, information-seeking competence, information type, service satisfaction, acquisition channel, etc. are analyzed; finally, the paper believes that the agriculture-related information resources shall fit in with the agriculture industrialization level and it is necessary to establish an information service system suiting the needs of farmers, intensify the efforts to develop agriculture-related information resources, strengthen the information technology training for farmers, fully promote the new rural informatization construction and narrow the rural information gaps, thereby providing reliable guarantee for the improvement of agricultural industrial structure.

  Research Progress on Relationships between Exogenous Substances and Drought Resistance of Tobacco 2009, 25 (24):  530-533.  Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 434206KB )   ( 879 ) Abstract: Exogenous substances were normally used to reduce the injury which the plant receives when the soil lacked moisture. The commonly used materials are Salicylic acid, Brassinolide, Glycine betaine and so on. This paper summarized the latest developments of the relationships between exogenous material and the drought resistance of tobacco in recent years, and put forward existent problems and the development tendency.

  Three-dimensional reconstruction of maize stand based on subsegmentation on leaf midrib curvature calculation 2009, 25 (24):  538-543.  Abstract + ( 1430 )   PDF ( 1927212KB )   ( 1004 ) Abstract Description of organ geometry is the center point for the 3-D modelling of maize plant. Leaf blade is the most important part for the building of maize plant architecture, and skeleton construction of leaf midrib is very important for precise descriptions of leaf blade architecture. In this paper, we adopted a method for dividing leaf midrib into segments, then calculating points for each bending arc according to the curvature of each small segment, and acquiring the characteristic points list that describing shape of leaf midrib. In order to obtain the 3-D coordinate of maize leaf midrib, field experiment was conducted and 3-D coordinates of 36 plants were collected with 3-D digitzer. Then, statistical analysis describing curvature data was done for all the leaves of the plant and the leaf shapes were classified intro five types according to the parameter values for each curvature data. Then 3-D reonstructions of maize plant stand was realized and comparison between measured and simulated leaf area were made with R2 equals to 0.9975.

  Correlation between Transmittance Spectra and Nitrogen Content for Rice 2009, 25 (24):  544-548.  Abstract + ( 1342 )   PDF ( 2378872KB )   ( 815 ) Abstract：In this study，we used ‘Xiushui 110’ to create the diagnostic models, and then used ‘Xieyou 9308’ to test. The results indicate that the first derivative spectra are significantly correlated to nitrogen content. The highest squared multiple correlation coefficients R2 =0.74. In the best predicting model of nitrogen content, R2 =0.84. Comparing with the first derivative transmittance spectra, we build three indices, including blue edge transmittance spectra nitrogen index (BETNI), yellow edge transmittance spectra nitrogen index (YETNI) and red edge transmittance spectra nitrogen index (RETNI), calculated from three edge specific wavebands respectively. The significant correlations (P<0.01) between the nitrogen content and these indices are more obvious than that between the nitrogen content and single leaf transmittance spectra of specific wavebands. YETNI610, YETNI630, YETNI643, YETNI652, and RETNI are better predictors for nitrogen content than others. From this preliminary analysis, it is observed that the transmittance spectra nitrogen indices YETNI570, YETNI592, and RETNI are the best predictors to estimated nitrogen content.

  Preliminary Study on Physical Properties of Soil Compact in Land Consolidation in Loess Plateau 2009, 25 (24):  549-552.  Abstract + ( 1575 )   PDF ( 444869KB )   ( 935 ) 【OBJECTIVE】The author plan to understand the soil compaction of land consolidation in loess Plateau area and formulate corresponding improvement measures to promote the optimal allocation and effective use of land resources【METHOD】The land consolidation project in Hougong Town Wenxi County was conducted in this paper, to investigate the soil bulk desity, compaction, the water content and infiltration rate. 【RESULT】The result showed:(1) In comparison with the general farmland soil, the soil bulk desity increased by 1.34 times and compaction increased by 484 times in land consolidation. (2)The rate of initial infiltration was 1.21mm/10min and the rate of steadily infiltration was 0.7mm/10min in compaction soil,was equal approximately to 16% and 28% in general farmland soil. 【CONCLUSION】These physical properties indicated that land consolidation area is very serious level of soil compaction, we must take appropriate measures to improve compaction of the soil, rapidly improving land productivity.

  Establishment of AFLP Analysis System for Oncorhyrchus masou masou 2009, 25 (24):  553-558.  Abstract + ( 1664 )   PDF ( 4128501KB )   ( 806 ) AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis system for Oncorhyrchus masou masou were established in this study, the genomic DNA were digested by two groups of restriction enzymes, with the relative processes being optimized, including the quantity of the restricting enzymes, the time of digested reaction, quantity of the template for pre-amplification and times of pre-amplification products dilution. It was proved that the results were best with 100ng DNA digested for 3h at 37℃ by 3U EcoRI and then 4h at 65℃ by TaqI and Tru9I respectively, then ligated by ligase. Quite clearly results could be achieved by 3μL ligation products as the template for pre-amplification which products were diluted 50 times for selective amplification. The comparison of the two pairs showed that the group of EcoRI-Tru9I obtained more amplification bands but lower ratio of polymorphic loci than EcoRI-TaqI.

  Continuous Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Corn Cob for Producing Bio-Oil 2009, 25 (24):  559-564.  Abstract + ( 1758 )   PDF ( 822046KB )   ( 1668 ) Continuous Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Corn Cob for Producing Bio-Oil Wan Yiqin1,2, Wang Yingkuan2,3, Liu Yuhuan1,2, Lin Xiangyang2,4, Paul Chen2, Roger Ruan1,2 (1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; 2. Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; 3. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China; 4. College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China) Abstract：Research and application of biomass energy are receiving global attention. The existing biomass technologies mainly focused on producing bio-fuel ethanol by fermenting starch-based biomass, and the large-scale exploration of biomass pyrolysis is still at an experimental stage. However, their applications are limited to low cost-efficiency. The authors’ research group developed a complete set of continuous microwave assisted pyrolysis(MAP) test equipment with a biomass-pyrolyzing capacity of 50-70 kg/h, based on the previous experimental studies on batch MAP of biomass. The self-developed continuous MAP equipment was used to produce bio-oil from untreated corn cob and corn cob pretreated with dilute sulphuric acid. The bio-oil products with different components were obtained. The analysis shows that the compositions of the bio-oil produced from corn cob pretreated with dilute sulphuric acid were relatively simpler and less using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The research results provide theoretical basis and test rig reference for producing bio-oil from agricultural and forestry wastes.

  The Empirical Analysis of Farmers’ Demand for Agricultural Insurance in Fujian 2009, 25 (24):  565-570.  Abstract + ( 1225 )   PDF ( 528264KB )   ( 930 ) This paper uses SPSS13.0 to make Logistic regression into the survey data of 350 questionnaires of agricultural insurance in Fujian, empirically analyzes factors that affect the farmers’ decision-making in agricultural insurance in Fujian. The results show that four variables including the level of annual income, the proportion of agricultural income, the size of land, the extent of understanding of agricultural insurance significantly affected farmers’ decision to buy agricultural insurance, the other 8 variables including cost-effective in grain, the risk type of planting and breeding, damage extent have little effect on farmers’ purchasing decision in agricultural insurance. At the same time, the survey analysis also comes to another conclusion: farmers with higher total household income often have low demand for agricultural insurance because of the low proportion of farm income, however, farmers with high proportion of agricultural income can not afford to buy agricultural insurance because of lower household total income. Thus, to promote sustained, stable and healthy development in agricultural insurance in Fujian, on one hand it needs to stimulate farmers’ demand for agricultural insurance, on the other hand, it must also increase their purchasing power.

  Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Sliding Duties on the Cotton Market in China 2009, 25 (24):  583-587.  Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 734625KB )   ( 868 ) Abstract: Current sliding duties are the important component of cotton trade policy after China joined WTO. This paper first reviewed the conclusions of the study that the domestic experts and scholars did on the sliding duties policy. On this basis, it does much empirical study on the sliding tax on imports of cotton price fluctuations and Imports fluctuations, and the effect on the domestic cotton market price, and the impact on the textile industry. Finally, it proposes the policy recommendations on sliding duties reform.

  Investigation of Informationliteracy for Farmers in Hebei Based on the Information Poverty in Rural Areas 2009, 25 (24):  588-591.  Abstract + ( 1508 )   PDF ( 438489KB )   ( 760 ) The cause of information poverty in rural areas is one of important prerequisites to solve it. Farmers are the most important main for information demand in rural areas, and their informationliteracy directly impact on the cognitivation and expression of their information demand. By questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, the informationliteracy, including information awareness and information capacity, of 564 farmers in Hebei province were surveyed to analyze the cause of rural information poverty from information demand. The purpose of the paper is to provide the reference for the solution of information poverty in rural areas.

  Current situation, problems and method of adjusting for the layout of National Agricultural Research Institutes in China 2009, 25 (24):  592-595.  Abstract + ( 1619 )   PDF ( 660102KB )   ( 1025 ) National agricultural research institutes are considered as a major force in the field of agricultural scientific research in our country. Based on the analysis of the basic elements as well as distribution situation of China's national agricultural research institutes and comparison with foreign experience of developed agricultural countries, this paper has pointed out the major problems existing in the layout of China's national agricultural research institutes and also has put forward the method of adjusting for China's national agricultural research institutes.

  A Rethinking on the Contemporary Agriculture of China Lu Bu 2009, 25 (24):  596-599.  Abstract + ( 1545 )   PDF ( 459424KB )   ( 874 ) faced with the global main trends and problems, the conception, connotation, industrial characteristics, evolvement and future formation of China’s agriculture were analyzed and a new conception of “fundamental industrial section” was proposed. Based on the contemporary situation, the article suggests that China should to definitude the “five in one” aim system on her agriculture; to insist the strategy of urban-rural integration planning; to exhibit the rural employment of ecologic rebuilding and services and transfer to post modern agriculture initiatively.

  Study on Building of New Countryside and Development of Urban-rural integration in Beijing 2009, 25 (24):  600-603.  Abstract + ( 1275 )   PDF ( 435531KB )   ( 928 ) CPC Central Committee and State Council on promoting the building of new socialist countryside views," said: Solving the "three rural" issue a fundamental way, that is, in accordance with the requirements of urban and rural development, on the one hand to further accelerate the industrialization, urbanization and marketization process; On the other hand, is to non-farming, industrialization and urbanization speed up the development on the basis of vigorously carry out the new rural construction. The identification of predominance agricultural sectors was based on the analysis of unification and integration of urban and rural area of Beijing with surrounding area. As result, the six predominant agricultural sectors were identified, including protected agriculture, seed production, agricultural product-processing, export agriculture，visiting agriculture.

  Evaluation of an Impact that Institutional Change has on Economic Growth of XPCC 2009, 25 (24):  604-606.  Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 475095KB )   ( 810 ) In this paper,methods of regression and measurement are used to make quantitative analysis on the impact to the degree of marketization, privatization of the level of openness under Institutional Change on economic growth,which is used to Evaluate contribution that various factors have on Economic Growth of XPCC.From the analysis result we can conclude that institutional innovation is an important way of promoting Economic Growth of XPCC. Therefore,it’s neccesary for XPCC to reform and open furtherly, and to optimize the Institutional enviroment positively,and to develop the private economy vigorously,and to expand export-oriented economy,so a sound market economy will be built.