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• 2010 Vol.26 No.10 Published:20 May 2010

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  null 2010, 26 (10):  0-1.  Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 1206434KB )   ( 800 ) null

  Construction of Real-time PCR quantitative rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Meng Ru, Chen Chuangfu, Zhang Hui, Qiao Jun, Wang Zhengrong 2010, 26 (10):  1-4.  Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 1271046KB )   ( 1380 ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP10 gene sequence was designed and synthesized primer 1 pairs to build a primer containing the sequence of the recombinant plasmid was amplified as a positive standard, the establishment of a nucleic acid of CFP10 Detection SYBR Green Ｉreal-time PCR method. Test results showed a good linear relationship between the method, standard curve correlation coefficient reached 0.997, the initial template for the detection threshold of 1 × 101copies/μL, than the conventional PCR method of the high 100 times. Show that the established real-time PCR detection method is sensitive, specific, reproducible and can be used to detect the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP10 and quantitative analysis.

  Research the Temporal and spatial variation of the gastrin+ and 5-HT+ cells which come from the piglet’s digestive tract Tong Chuan, Yue Xiaohui, Feng Junji, Chen Guodong, Liu Zhonghu 2010, 26 (10):  5-8.  Abstract + ( 1275 )   PDF ( 1032169KB )   ( 831 ) For discuss the Law of the endocrine cells of the piglet’ s alimentary tract .we obtained the alimentary canals from 0 day、7days、28days、35days、2months、4months’ piglets. Show the gastrin cells and 5-HT cells with the immunohistochemistry.and then observe the law of the distribution and the quantity of gastrin and 5-HT cells .result shows that gastrin masculine cells are mostly locate in the pylori .other position can see odd masculine cells . 5-HT masculine cells are most located in Jejunum of the intestinal tract Stomach show more 5-HT masculine cells then intestinal tract.their are some regularities of the gastrin and 5-HT cells in the alimentary canals and the distribution concerned with breast milk 、stress and other factors

  Progress on Diagnostic Technology of Avian Influenza Virus Jiao Wenqiang, Yin Xiangping, Liu Jixing 2010, 26 (10):  9-13.  Abstract + ( 1111 )   PDF ( 511883KB )   ( 1118 ) ABSTRACT : Avain influenza(AI) is a zoonoses caused by type A influenza viruses,which not only caused great economic loss but greatly threated the human health.Because AI has many subtypes,the antigen varies frequently,and has a wide host range ,it is very important to establish a fast and effective virus diagnostic method.In the present paper,the progress on diagnostic technology of AIV is reviewed, and it is hoped that it will provide strong and powerful technology support to control AIV

  Optimized Test of Canine Semen Freezing Methods Zhang Zhiping, Zhang Juntao, Niu Sen, Ding Peipei, Lin Feng 2010, 26 (10):  14-16.  Abstract + ( 1263 )   PDF ( 473545KB )   ( 1049 ) Abstract：The study was conducted to cryopreserve canine semen for optimizing cryopreservation medium. The different concentration of sugar (Glucose Fructose), different balance times, different fumigation times were selected systematically in the cryopreservation medium. The results showed addition of 0.5% fructose was better than glucose at any concentration(P<0.05). 120 min balance time and 20 min liquid nitrogen fumigation time were excellent for motility of frozen sperm (P<0.05). In conclusion, the optimized procedures(0.5% fructose, 120 min balance time and 20 min ) were feasible and steady for freezing canine sperm. Key words：Canine, Sperm, Glucose, Fructose, Cryopreservation

  Detecting the expression efficiency of the RNA replicon vaccines and DNA vaccine of HBV in BHK-21 cells Li Li, Ren Linzhu, Zhang Ying, Yang Dong, Yan Sen, Li Xiaoping, 2010, 26 (10):  17-20.  Abstract + ( 1114 )   PDF ( 817615KB )   ( 1017 ) Abstract: Construction of RNA replicon vaccine and DNA vaccine of HBV, then the 2 vectors were tranfected into BHK-21 cells and their expression efficiency was detected by ELISA with the kits used to detect HBsAg and preS2. Meantime, we found that the vectors based on pSFV can make BHK-21 cells dead (apoptosis). It is confirmed that the immune effect of RNA replicon vaccine is better than that of DNA vaccine. RNA vaccine is safer and more prospects.

  Study on the Effect on Cherry Valley Duck Slaughter Performance Adopting Different Proportions of Potamoget Pectinatus L. Liang Tianyi1, Wu Rentunale1, Li Jiao2, Jiang Xianghong1 2010, 26 (10):  21-24.  Abstract + ( 1193 )   PDF ( 447549KB )   ( 1094 ) Abstract: In this study, 400 commercial Cherry Valley ducklings were selected and fed with daily forage containing different proportions Potamoget Pectinatus L. until 42 daily ages. By analyzing the nutritional ingredient of grass powder in Bulong Lake and feeding the duck, the role of this grass powder in the duck slaughter performance was researched. The result showed that the daily forage containing 4% grass powder can increase the food consumption and decrease the feed/gain rate. Comparing to the lower slaughter performance, the cultivate benefit was improved. So this method has a better prospect of promotion and application.

  Effect of Different Additional Levels of Vitamin E on Semen Quality and Serum Antioxidant Parameters in Holstein Bulls Lang Haifang1, 2, Lin Yingting1, Wang Lingling2, Song Jie2, Zhong Jifeng2, Hou M 2010, 26 (10):  25-29.  Abstract + ( 1421 )   PDF ( 534994KB )   ( 952 ) Twenty-four breeding Holstein bulls assigned randomly to four groups were conducted to study the effect of different additional levels of vitamin E on semen quality and plasma antioxidant parameters. This experiment involved 4 dietary treatments，consisting of four additional levels of vitamin E which was 30mg/kg, 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg , 600mg/kg within 9 months. The results showed that: Compared with the vitamin E level of 30 mg/kg, sperm concentration and motility in 300 mg/kg level were significantly increased (P<0.05), and sperm abnormalities rate decreased significantly (P<0.01). There were found no significant difference between any of two treatments in ejaculate and freeze-thawed motility (P>0.05). There were extremely significant differences in serum activity of GSH-Px, SOD and T-AOC (P<0.01), and serum contents of ?OH and MDA (P<0.01). It seemed that the optimal additional level of vitamin E of stud Holstein bull was 300 mg/kg.

  RAPD Markers Linked to the Hardiness Gene in Chinese Wild Vitis and Their Sequence analysis Zhang Jianxia, Xiong Yan, Wang Yuejin, Zhu Ziguo 2010, 26 (10):  30-37.  Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 1485247KB )   ( 1276 ) RAPD markers linked to the hardiness gene in Chinese wild Vitis were studied with 205 plants, including 83 grape germplasms of different hardiness, 122 F1 individuals from cross combinations Muscat Hamburg (Vitis vinifera)×Heilongjiang seedling (V.amurensis), Beichun (Muscat Hamburg×V.amurensis) selfing and Yanshan-1 (V. yeshanensis)×V. riparia Beaumont. Two RAPD markers, S241-670 and S238-800 linked to the hardiness gene derived from hardy V. amurensis were obtained by Screening of 110 random primers. Furthermore, cloning and sequencing of the RAPD markers were carried out. The length of the RAPD markers was actually 717 bp and 854 bp. Therefore, they were renamed as S241-717 and S238-854. Nucleotide sequence data of the RAPD markers had been submitted to the GenBank databases，and the accession number was GQ338290 and GQ338289 respectively. Through sequences comparison between the RAPD markers and GenBank, S241-717 and S238-854 show identity with 29 and 6 EST sequences from Vitis vinifera L. respectively. Also, they can code a hypothetical protein of grape respectively. RAPD markers S241-717 and S238-854 could be used as the evidence for marker- assisted selection in grape hardiness breeding.

  Isolation and Sequence Analysis of NBS-type Resistance gene Analogues from Hainan Common Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff) Xu Jing, Yun Yong, Tang Qingjie, Wang Xiaoning 2010, 26 (10):  38-41.  Abstract + ( 1120 )   PDF ( 1028999KB )   ( 946 ) Degenerate primers based on conserved motif of the nucleotide binding site(NBS) region from the cloned plant disease resistance genes were used to isolate resistance gene analogues (RGAs) from genomic DNA of Hainan common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff). After T/A cloning, sequencing and analyzing by alignment, 4 RGAs with uninterrupted open reading frames (ORFs) were obtained. Sequence identity among the 4 RGAs nucleotide sequences ranged from 53.14% to 99.81%, while the 4 RGAs deduced amino acid sequences showed identity ranged from 39.08% to 99.42%. The deduced amino acid sequences of RGAs contain the conserved domains such as P-loop, Kinase-2, Kinase-3a and GLPL, and the 4 RGAs all belonged to nonTIR-NBS type resistance gene segments.

  Researches on source and Evaluation of Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Wheat Zhan Haixian1,2, Chang Zhijian2, Yang Zujun1, Zhang Xiaojun2, Li Xin2 2010, 26 (10):  42-46.  Abstract + ( 1372 )   PDF ( 459096KB )   ( 1524 ) Powdery mildew is one of the most serious diseases of common wheat world-wide．The use of resistant cultivars is the most economical，efficient way to control this disease．Up to now，41 gene loci(Pml-Pm43)for resistance to powdery mildew have been identified and located on different chromosomes．This paper summarizes the last progress on gene source and Evaluation of powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat．This study provides a reference for molecular breeding for resistance to powdery mildew in wheat．

  Identification and Molecular Traits of ICRISATmini core collection peanut species with Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Lü Jianwei, Jiang Huifang, Ren Xiaoping, Zhang Xiaojie, Liao Boshou 2010, 26 (10):  47-51.  Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 585871KB )   ( 981 ) The relationship and genetic diversity among 7 Arachis germplasm which are resistant to bacterial wilt from ICRISAT mini core collection and China core collection were systematically investigated based on SSR markers and botanic traits. Resistance of two genotypes acquired from 155 accessions of ICRISAT mini core collection to bacterial wilt is as high as 91.7%. Twenty-four SSR primer pairs with polymorphic bands ranging from 2 to 7 were selected through 58 primer pairs screening. The genetic distance varied from 0.17~0.71 with average of 0.49 among Arachis species. The distance between the accession ICG12625 and two genotypes(Zuodou、Fuchuan) showed the largest(0.71),while the least distance was detected between Shengxian and Fuchuan. There were 12 pairs of accession of which distance was larger than 0.50. The DNA molecular characters and fingerprints of the 7 accessions were detected based on SSR products.Clustering result had showed that ICG12625 had larger distance than other genotypes and was divided into a subspecies alone. ICG12625 could be used as breeding genotypes.

  Construction of Plant Expression Vector with Attacin in Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Dang Yinghui1, Yang Jinhong2, Kong Weiqing2 2010, 26 (10):  52-54.  Abstract + ( 1221 )   PDF ( 617704KB )   ( 1156 ) Antimicrobial peptides are the most important substance for insect in protecting themselves from infection of microorganism. In the paper, the plant-specific promoter CaMV35S from pBI121 was constructed into pCAMBIA2300, the recombinant expression vector named pCAMBIA2300-CaMV35S, attacin full-length coding region (GenBank ccession number: GU244351) as amplified by PCR from Bombyx mori and then cloned into the pMD19-T simple vector. The positive clone cutted by pairs of restriction enzymes was successfully linked with recombinant expression vector pCAMBIA2300- CaMV35S. The recombinat plasmid of attacin was identified by PCR digestion. That lay the foundation for applications of the antibacterial peptides attacin gene in disease resistance of plant.

  Genentic diversity analysis of white Flammulina velutipes strains in Beijing region using SRAP markers Xu Feng, Liu Yu, Wang Shouxian, Zhang Yingchun, Zhao Shuang, Geng Xiaoli, Meng L 2010, 26 (10):  55-59.  Abstract + ( 1221 )   PDF ( 798212KB )   ( 1129 ) The genetic relationships among 22 Flammulina velutipes strains were analyzed by SRAP primers. Nine pairs of primers with good polymorphism were selected to amplify 22 representative F. velutipes strains from different sources. 189 repeatable DNA bands from tested F. velutipes were obtained. A dendrogram constructed by using the amplification data separated the test strains into five groups at a coefficient of 0.820. Group I comprised F. velutipes F21 gaoyou, F. velutipes F43, F. velutipes F1312 gaoyou, F. velutipes F45, F. velutipes F48, F. velutipes jinbai no. 10, F. velutipes 2001, F. velutipes baijinshangzhuang, F. velutipes jinbai no. 1, F. velutipes jinbai no. 8; Group II comprised F. velutipes rijin no. 1, F. velutipes F47. Group III comprised F. velutipes F8909, F. velutipes F14, F. velutipes Ftian, F. velutipes F hefei, F. velutipes FfenP, F. velutipes FA2, F. velutipes F49, F. velutipes F6. Group IV comprised F. velutipes 2098 and group V comprised F. velutipes Japan jinxin. Our data showed that SRAP could reveal the genetic diversity of F. velutipes strains in beijing region.

  Two Novel Classifications on Molecular Marker Techniques and Proposal of Targeted Molecular Marker Technique Xiong Faqian1,2,3, Jiang Jing1, Zhong Ruichun1, Han Zhuqiang1, He Liangqiong1, 2010, 26 (10):  60-64.  Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 445333KB )   ( 1847 ) Abstract:Based on the traditional classification of molecular marker techniques, two new kinds of ideas for classification of molecular marker techniques were proposed in this paper (I and II). Combined with related literature, the concepts of four major sub-types of molecular markers (II) were defined. Additionally, we focused on introduction of theoretical and technical background which resulted in the target molecular marker technologies. Ultimately, we listed representative of target molecular marker techniques and showed related information.

  Cloning of citrate synthase gene and expression during the fruit development in Orange Wang Tengxu, Li Zhengguo, Yang Yingwu, Deng Wei 2010, 26 (10):  65-69.  Abstract + ( 1186 )   PDF ( 3248872KB )   ( 1048 ) As a key enzyme of citrate metabolism, citrate synthase shows a close relationship with the accumulation of citrate. In order to investigate the expression mode of citrate synthase gene, the cDNA encoding citrate synthase was cloned from Hamlin leaf by PCR. It was 1535 bp long and encoded a protein with 471 amino acids. Alignment analysis showed that citrate synthase gene had high homology with other plants. The samples were collected in four different periods after flowering. The expression of citrate synthase gene had no obvious change in flesh and peel of different periods, while was decreased during the development which had an identitcal tendency with the change of the amount of citrate.

  The "Lemons" Problem Existing in Agricultural Products Market and Its Countermeasures——A Literature Review Based on Food Safety Zhao Yaxiang, Gao Suying 2010, 26 (10):  70-76.  Abstract + ( 1339 )   PDF ( 517533KB )   ( 1124 ) Abstract: "Lemons" problem leads to the market malfunction in agricultural products market. It is necessary to promote the market equilibrium to move from the low efficient state to the high efficient state that "Lemons" problem existing in agricultural products market should be resolved. Based on food safety this paper attempts to give a systematic summary on the "Lemons" problem existing in agricultural products market and its countermeasures. The prospects of this field are also put forward.

  Effects of Nitric Oxide on Post-harvest Physiology and Quality of Green Asparagus Zhang Shaoying 2010, 26 (10):  77-81.  Abstract + ( 1196 )   PDF ( 715364KB )   ( 1054 ) Using sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a nitric oxide (NO) doner, the effects of nitric oxide treatment on post-harvest quality of green asparagus were studied. The results showed that NO resulting from 0.1 mmol?L-1 SNP aqueous solution delayed the changes of respiration rate and soluble solid content, inhibited the reduction of ascorbic acid, soluble protein, chlorophyll content, delayed the increase of weight loss ,cellulose, MDA content, inhibited POD activity of green asparagus during storage. Therefore, NO delayed the senescence and keep the better edible quality of postharvst green asparagus .The store life could extended by 3 days at room temperature.

  Advances of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in tobacco Zeng Fanhai, Li Wei, Zhou Jiheng, Zhang Yiyang, Hu Zhiming 2010, 26 (10):  82-86.  Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 474658KB )   ( 1894 ) Discovery, establishment, endanger, test methods and research result at home and abroad of TSNAs were reviewed. Further studies in this field were put forward in order to make a reference basis to produce good quality and less harmful tobacco.

  The Effect of Adding Sweet Wine Koji on the Sensory Quality of Mantou Su Donghai1, Hu Lihua2, Su Dongmin2, Li Zihong2 2010, 26 (10):  87-90.  Abstract + ( 1846 )   PDF ( 1698798KB )   ( 1364 ) It studys the effect of Sweet Wine Koji, which is rhizopus, on sensory quality of Mantou, through adding Sweet Wine Koji and/or Laomiantuan which fermented by lactic acid bacteria on the basis of active dry yeast during Mantou fermentation. First, single factor experiments were carried out to determine the dose of Sweet Wine Koji, it find that the highest sensory score is 7.78 when adding dose is 1.0%.Then sensory quality of Mantou samples fermented by different strains were compared, the results showed that the sensory score of samples which were added Sweet Wine Koji are higher, and the score of sample co-fermented by yeast and rhizopus is highest; the sensory score of sample is lower when fermented by yeast, lactic acid bacteria and rhizopus; however the sensory score of sample which fermented by yeast and lactic acid bacteria is lowest. Taking acconnt of above discussing, adding liqueur koji, which is rhizopus and have saccharification, make the taste of Mantou sweeter and flavour better. In a word, it make the organoleptic quality of Mantou is good.

  The inhibition of chitosan on Alternaria alternata in vitro Diao Chunying1,2, Bi Yang1, Li Yongcai1 2010, 26 (10):  91-94.  Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 803325KB )   ( 930 ) The inhibition of chitosan on Alternaria alternata in vitro was initially investigated. Results showed that 6.0mg/mL chitosan inhibited spore germination of A. alternata by 79.54%; inhibited the radial growth by 85.89%. Chitosan of different concentrations induced morphological changes of the hyphae, and when the concentration reached to 3.0mg/mL, the hyphal morphology began to change. And the hyphae changed from long and thin to bead-like, and also partly swelled.

  Comparison of photosynthetic properties of Mopan Persimmon with different tree age Wang Zhong1, Zhang Wen2, Cheng Yuqin2, Xu Jian3 2010, 26 (10):  95-99.  Abstract + ( 1357 )   PDF ( 649596KB )   ( 1093 ) The photosynthetic properties of Mopan Persimmon with different tree age and fruit setting were studied in this article. The results showed that the diurnal course of photosynthetic rate (Pn) of Mopan Persimmon which age was 8 or 15-year were both double-peaked curve with the highest value reached at 10:00 a.m and the second value occurred at 16:00 p.m, but It indicated that the sustained time of midday depression of photosynthesis were different. For the 15-year old Mopan Persimmon trees, the midday depression of photosynthesis occurred at about 13:00 p.m then the Pn increased, but for the 8-year old trees, the sustained time of midday depression of photosynthesis occurred from12:00 to 14:00. The variance analysis results showed that the Pn of 15-year old trees was significant higher than that of 8-year old trees at most moment measured.

  Analyses on Seed Yield Components of Cistanche deserticola Xu Rong1, Wang Xia1, Chen Jun1, Liu Yougang2, Yu Jing1, Liu Tongning3 2010, 26 (10):  100-103.  Abstract + ( 1145 )   PDF ( 493298KB )   ( 1076 ) To identify the key factors and the main effect in the seed yield components of C. deserticola, species, the statistical analysis methods including correlation, regression and path analysis were applied to analyze the relationship between the morphology traits of the inflorescence and seed yield of single plant. 7 factors including number of effective capsules (X1)、total number of capsules (X2)、 number of seeds per fruit (X3)、inflorescence length (X4)、big bract length (X5)、setting percentage (X6) and number of flowers (X7) that interrelated significantly with the seed yield (Y) were screened. Path analysis revealed that the main effect factors were number of effective capsules (X1), but the regression equation was Y=－8.721 + 0.0919 X2 + 0.00954 X3. The results showed that the seed yield of single plant of C. deserticola could be estimated by the total capsule and seed number per capsule. Topping pollinating more pollen and selective breeding could be applied for improving seed yield in the planting process. It would provide a scientific basis for breeding objectives and cultural practices of C. deserticola.

  The Appraisal and Selection of Good Fast Growing Provenances of Platycladus orientalis (Linn.)Franco Wu Hai, Tang Haixia, Xing Shiyan 2010, 26 (10):  104-109.  Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 482046KB )   ( 871 ) Treated 23-year old Platycladus orientalis (Linn.)Franco stand planted in Baodu Mountain forest farm in Zaozhuang， the growth and the frost resistance characters indexes of 40 provenances of Platycladus orientalis (Linn.)Franco from the whole country were analyzed in this paper.The research was used one-dimensional analysis and expert survey to study .Test results showed that Li cheng,Weishan, ＴTaian,Zaozhuang,Tongshan,Queshan,Xuzhou and other ares which adjacent Zaozhuang were the elite provenances.

  The Appropriate Transformation Grain on Forest Landscape Indices in West Dongting Lake Region Chen Duanlv1, Song Tao2 2010, 26 (10):  110-114.  Abstract + ( 1224 )   PDF ( 754095KB )   ( 1042 ) The appropriate Transformation Grain on forest landscape indices are analyzed by vector-grid conversion. The results showed that: (1) the scale effect of landscape pattern is revealed by landscape index with changing of grain; (2) With the grain increasing, the conversion of different landscape indices showed different variation laws, the first landscape indices scale domain are 10m-80m; (3) The choice of appropriate grain can ensure the quality of characteristics of information of landscape patterns and reduce the quantity of calculation, the most appropriate granularity of landscape patterns in West Dongting Lake region are the study of 40m-80m; (4) Due to the complexity and diversity of the forest landscape, grain effect in landscape pattern, ecological processes needs further analyzed.

  Effects of amount of nitrogen applied and planting density on yield and its components of zhengdao 18 Shi Shoushe1, Yin Haiqing2, Fu Ding1, Chen Defan3, Yu Xinchun1, Yan Deyuan1 2010, 26 (10):  115-121.  Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 603242KB )   ( 841 )

  Study of high-yield cultivation model of bioenergy-type sweet potato cultivar ‘Taizhong 9’ Liu Guiling1, Zheng Jianli1, Liu Xinming1, Tian Changgeng1, Zhang Peng2 2010, 26 (10):  122-127.  Abstract + ( 1087 )   PDF ( 628814KB )   ( 923 ) Suitable cultivation models designed for certain varieties could increase crop yield and reduce the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Using the starch-rich sweet potato cultivar ‘Taizhong 9’ as planting material, a field trial with general rotary regression design under 5 factors was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, planting density and cultivation time on yield of fresh storage roots. Our results indicate that these factors in order of importance are potassium fertilizer (X3), phosphorus fertilizer (X2), planting density (X4), nitrogen fertilizer (X1) and cultivation time (X5). The suitable model for ‘Taizhong 9’ in the 1532 combinations with yield between 3265.15 and 4127.96kg/666.7m2 can be designed as N 10.7-11.88 kg/666.7m2, P2O5 5.44-6.01kg/666.7m2, K2O 15.15-19.83kg/666.7m2，planting density of 4048～4525 plants/666.7m2, and cultivation time from April 22 to 29. This study provides a basis and reference for high-yield cultivation of cultivar ‘Taizhong 9’ in the region.

  Analysis of Grain Nutritional Quality Traits at Different Stages and Their Correlations using RILs population Yang Meili, Li Yuling, Cui Qingxin, Li Junzhou 2010, 26 (10):  128-132.  Abstract + ( 1102 )   PDF ( 579985KB )   ( 869 ) Two hundred and fifty-nine RILs were developed from the cross between a dent corn inbred D232 and a popcorn inbred N04. The variation of 4 nutritional quality traits at different stages were analyzed, including crude protein (CP), crude starch (CT), crude fat (CF) and crude lysine (LS). The results showed that there were obvious segregations beyond the two parents for all nutritional quality traits among RILs. For parents, F1 and RILs population, CP, CF, and LS were continuously decreasing from 10 DAP to 30 DAP, only slight difference of the decreasing range were observed. However, the content increased differently at late grain filling stage. For CT, there was consistent increase during the whole growth stages. All traits showed normal distributions. Except correlations for CP at 10DAP with 40DAP and CF at 10DAP with 30DAP, other nutritional quality traits at different stages were significant or highly significant positivly correlated. CT was highly negativly correlated with CP, CF and LS at four stages, the other traits were all highly positivly correlated.

  Effects of Sulphur on Accumulation of Grain Amylopectin and Starch Compositions in Spring Wheat Han Zhanjiang1, Wang Weihua1, Hu Shanglian2 2010, 26 (10):  133-137.  Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 826727KB )   ( 925 ) Abstract：The effects of sulphur on accumulation of grain amylopectin and starch compositions were investigated on three cultivars with different quality on different levels of nitrogen. The results showed that, the dynamics trends of amylopectin accumulation were similar in the same species while the amylopectin content was an increasing trend after anthesis in all varieties. The initial aggregation of grain amylopectin was found bout 5th day after anthesis in wheat, and the rate of amylopectin accumulation decreased gradually with the grouting process. The regulations of sulphur on amylopectin content and starch components were related to the level of nitrogen. On the low-nitrogen level (N60), sulphur application was benefit to increase amylopectin content of the high-protein cultivars whereas decrease amylopectin content of the low-protein one. On the high-nitrogen level (N128), sulphur application was benefit to increase amylopectin content of all cultivars. However, the sulphur amount that all types of cultivars required was different. The application of low-nitrogen combined with sulphur and high-nitrogen combined with sulphur were conducive to improve the starch components of spring wheat grain.

  Clustering Analysis and Canonical Analysis on Main Economic Characters in Vary Part Cotton Bell Zhang Jinbao, Hu Genhai, Wang Qinglian, Lu Yuzhen 2010, 26 (10):  138-141.  Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 433064KB )   ( 956 ) The test carry out clustering analysis to the eight mainly economy character of 30 differ part bell on BM1、BM6、YM668 and HN109. The result showed, The inheritance variance coefficient of theⅠ kind is least，the 4-1、5-1、6-1 are the most steady positions in inheritance breeding practice. The inheritance variance coefficient of the Ⅳ kind is most，the 6-3、7-1、7-2 are the least steady positions in inheritance breeding practice.

  Nonparametric Measures for Regional Trial Data of Wheat Varieties in Henan Province Cao Tingjie, Wang Xicheng, Zhao Hong, Hu Weiguo 2010, 26 (10):  142-145.  Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 480102KB )   ( 852 ) To give a more reasonable and comprehensive ways for regional trial data of wheat.Experimental data from 2008-2009 Winter Wheat Group of Henan Regional Trial were used to study by means of nonparametric statistics analysis. The results showed that,V11(Yujiao5) had good productivity and stability,and it has taken part in large-area trial in Henan Province.V5(Fumai6) is the worst variety of productivity,V8(Tianhe077) is the worst variety of stability.they have been washed out.The distinguish of varieties difference in seven regions is high.L7(Jiyuan agricultural science institution) is the highest.There is 87.2% prominent difference.

  Research on Breeding for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Variety Yangmai 18 Lu Chengbin1,2, Zhang Boqiao2, Gao Derong2, Fan Jinping2 2010, 26 (10):  146-148.  Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 444178KB )   ( 1278 ) Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat in warm and humid wheat growing areas of the world, especially in China, and causes losses in grain yield and quality. Breeding for FHB resistance has been difficult, due to the multiple components of resistance, limited understanding of the genetic basis of the various forms of resistance, genotype and environment interaction, and the high cost of phenotyping. For the contradiction between high resistance and high yield traits，and the complex of the inheritable mechanisms of resistance，it is still a worldwide hard nut to crack．In order to foster and promote the resistance variety to scab, and solve its destroy in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and increase the wheat production. In this paper, combining the high-yield breeding and the scab breeding route, and utilizing the view of "comprehensive co-ordination point trait", yangmai 18 has been breed and shows the fine comprehensive agriculture traits in the multi-year and multi-place, and performance both high and stable yield and resistance (MR-R) to wheat scab in the production of large-scale application. Incubation and development of the species realize initially the objectives of wheat breeding for scab resistance.

  Effective study of different shading measures and shading rate on growth of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Fr.) Hand Chen Cui, Tang Wangwai, Tang Jingju, Yang Liyun, Kang Pingde, Yang Shaohua 2010, 26 (10):  149-151.  Abstract + ( 1256 )   PDF ( 461945KB )   ( 1340 ) Abstract: Objective: To study the effect of different shading measures and shading rate on the survival percentage , increased times of rhizomes weigh and yield of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Fr.) Hand for getting suitable cultivating measures .Methods: To compare the growth differences of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis cultivated under conditions of 4 shading measures：sunshade net，corn, sunflower, Anisodus acutangulus C. Y. Wu et C. Chen. Results: the most suitable shading measure and shading rate were selected out. Conclusion: During the 3 years cultivating period of about 10g seedling, the most suitable shading measure is sunshade net with shading rate about 60%.

  Effect on K+、Na+ Content and Lipid Peroxidation of Three Kinds Zoysia under Different Salt Treatments Li Na, Li Zhijun, Li Peihuan, Zhao Qingzhu, Dong Xiaoying 2010, 26 (10):  152-155.  Abstract + ( 1289 )   PDF ( 647468KB )   ( 837 ) Abstract: Zoysia macrostachya, Zoysia metrella and Zoysiajaponica were used to study the effect on K+、Na+ content, the relative conductivity and the MDA content under different salinity treatments after 40 days. The results showed: with the salt concentration increasing ,the changes of K+ content were less, and their contents were higher; while the changes of Na+ content were larger, under the 0.8% salt treatment, the Na+ contents of Zoysia macrostachya, Zoysia metrella and Zoysiajaponica were increased by 226%、336% and 462% separately then CK, and had significant difference; With the salt concentration increasing ,the relative conductance ratio and the MDA content of the three grasses were increasing; The added value about the relative conductance ratio and the MDA content of Zoysia macrostachya were least compared with two other grasses. Relevance analysis indicated that the K+/Na+ between membrane permeability and the MDA content were negative correlation, the membrane permeability and the MDA content was positive correlation.

  Effects of Some Physiological Index in Leaves of Crops When the Seeds Were Treated with Different Electric Field Cao Yongjun, Cheng Ping, Wang Yanli 2010, 26 (10):  156-159.  Abstract + ( 1114 )   PDF ( 596129KB )   ( 931 ) Abstract: Soybean、cucumber and chinese cabbage seeds were treated with different strength electrostatic field before its were planted. The changes of the soluble protein content, POD activity, chlorophyll content and the kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence in leaves of crops were measured. The results indicated that the different crops had different physiological reactions in leaves when seeds were treated with different strength electrostatic field. When seeds were treated with feasible strength electrostatic field , the soluble protein content , POD activity and chlorophyll content in leaves were increased, the potential activity and the efficiency of primary conversion of light energy of PSⅡ in leaves were improved.

  The effects of different ABT treatment and length of cuttings on the quality of trichosanthes cutting seedlings Zhou Xiuren1, Liu Hefen1, Liu Guian2, Hong Xiaojiang3 2010, 26 (10):  160-163.  Abstract + ( 1264 )   PDF ( 427192KB )   ( 948 ) Trichosanthes is dioecious plant. During its cultivation, cuttings propagation is able to effectively control an appropriate proportion of male and female plants. The test studied the effects of different ABT concentration (0mg/l、50 mg/l、100 mg/l and 200 mg/l), different soaking time under 100 mg/l ABT(10min、20 min、40 min and 60 min) and different cuttings length (1 node、2 nodes and 3 nodes) on cuttings rooting rates and transplant surviving rate. The results shows that:When using perlite as matrix, the optimum condition of cuttings propagation is selecting one-year branchs with 2 nodes as cuttings and soaking them with 100 mg/l ABT for 40 minutes, under which, the 100% rooting rates and 99% transplant surviving rate of cuttings were obtained and better overall economic efficiency can be achieved.

  The response and ecological stoichiometry characteristics of spinach under different fertilizations Yuan Wei1,2,3, Dong Yuanhua1,2,3, Wang Hui1,2,3 2010, 26 (10):  164-170.  Abstract + ( 1123 )   PDF ( 581143KB )   ( 918 ) Abstract：【OBJECTIVE】 In this study, the growth and qualities of spinach was studied under field conditions. The paper also investigated the correlation between the growth and qualities of spinach and ecological stoichiometry characteristics of spinach.【METHOD】There were five treatments as follows: CK, organic fertilizers plus inorganic fertilizers 1, organic fertilizers plus inorganic fertilizers 2, organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers.【RESULTS】 These results showed that the yield, Pn (photosynthetic rate), soluble sugar, sucrose, free amino acids, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency in spinach showed an increase in the organic fertilizers plus inorganic fertilizers 1 treatment. Also, these indicators were significantly correlated with the ratios of C/N、C/P in the shoot of spinach. However, under this treatment, the nitrate content in spinach were decreased and were not correlated with the ratio of N/P、C/N、C/P、P/K in shoot or these treatments.【CONCLUSION】These results indicated that the yield and quality of spinach could be improved under organic fertilizers plus inorganic fertilizers 1.

  Effects of Combined Application of N, P, K on the Quantity and Correlations of Soil Zhan Fangdong, He Yongmei, Zu Yanqun, Li Yuan, Han Mingzhu 2010, 26 (10):  171-176.  Abstract + ( 1258 )   PDF ( 528768KB )   ( 864 ) Effects of combined application of N, P, K on the quantity of soil bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, azotobacter, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, potassium bacteria, organic phosphate-dissolving bacteria and Inorganic phosphate-dissolving bacteria in Qiubei pepper field of Yunnan Province were studied by microbial cultivation in pepper’s bloom-growth, blossom and fruit period. The correlation analysis of quantity was carried out between different microorganisms. The results showed as follows: The quantity of this 8 group soil microorganisms in bloom-growth period, soil bacteria, azotobacter, potassium bacteria and organic phosphate-dissolving bacteri in blossom period, soil fungi, azotobacter and potassium bacteria in fruit period of Qiubei pepper were enhanced by combined application of N, P, K. The quantity of soil microorganisms was enhanced mostly when N︰P2O5︰K2O was 12︰10︰14. The correlations between different group microorganisms were strengthened by combined application of N, P, K. There was a very significant positive correlation between the quantity of azotobacter and cellulose-decomposing bacteria, negative correlation between azotobacter, cellulose-decomposing bacteria and potassium bacteria, positive or negative correlation between organic phosphate-dissolving bacteria and other physiological microorganisms.

  Study on Soils Effect Factors to Fungi Diversity in HeBei Province GaoYufeng1, He Zidian2 2010, 26 (10):  177-181.  Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 566970KB )   ( 1284 ) fungi diversity and its effect factors were studied in the thesis. 74 species included 24 genus were identified such as Phytophthora、 Mucor Syncephalastrum、 Chaetomium、 Fusarium、 Acremonium、 Colletorichum、 Penicillium、 Cephalosporium、 Botryotrichum、Myrothecium、Mortierella、Cephalotrichum、Torula、Gliocladium、Myceliophthora、Chrysoporium、Vertillium、Tolypocladium、Humicola、Stachybotrys、Trichoderma and Rhizoctonia .And there are obvious correlation between usable k ,organic nutrition, humidity and soil texture and fungi species and quantity.In particular ,the related coefficient of organic nutrition to fungi species and quantity are 0.976 and 0.960, respectively. But there are no regularity between usable N , P and quantity and species of Fungus.

  Studies on N and K fertilization effect and fertilizer formula screen for Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. Jiang Zhiping, Lu Jianwei, Zhang Wenjun, Dai Zhigang 2010, 26 (10):  182-186.  Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 562377KB )   ( 881 ) Effect of N and K fertilization on one small inflorescences growth and suitable fertilizer formula of N and K nutrients ratio for the flower were carried out through pot experiment. Our results showed that the appropriate nitrogen amoun is beneficial to height, first branch lengh, flower numbers, dry weight of Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. Increasing potassium amount apply is helpful to flower numbers and dry weight. The high amount of potassium amount and the low amount of nitrogen amoun could make early flowering. Regarding lengh of first branch, plant height and dry weight as the target, it was showed that the recommended fertilizer amount of N and K2O for pot application for the small inflorescence was 0.47 and 0.40 g?kg-1 (each pot filled with 10 kg substrate).

  Application and analysis of the spatial – temporal of soil nutrients using GIS technique Wang Guizheng 2010, 26 (10):  187-191.  Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 491653KB )   ( 995 )

  Study On Nutrient Elements Contant Of Apricot Leaf And Apricot Orchards Soil Zhang Lijun1, Feng Dianqi2, Wang Aixi3, Wang Yushan2, Zhao Jinhong2, NiuQinglin3 2010, 26 (10):  192-196.  Abstract + ( 1293 )   PDF ( 794213KB )   ( 1031 ) Abstract:Using the method of leaf and soil nutrient analysis to define and adjust fruit trees fertilizer amount,ten apricot varieties leaf nutrient contents and soil nutrient of different experimental sites were tested.The results showed that,compared with other fruit trees,apricot require more fertilizer in deciduous fruit tree,and N P K ratio is 1:0.07:0.44. Different varieties exhibits some differences,besidesK Na Mn Fe have significant difference in individual variety,other element content difference in different varieties is small.Leaf available N is 3.49%,P is 0.26% ,K is 1.54%, Ca is 1.41%,Mg is 0.36%, Cl is 0.36% ,Fe is 93ug/g, Zn is 17.86 ug/g ,Cu is 10.43 ug/g, Mn is 71.10 ug/g, Na is 263.07 ug/g.Yubadan and kate like K very much, Kate and chuanjiaogunzi contain the highest Fe in leaf , Optimization 1 requires much more Na,Na contant of Star apricot is 1.63 of mean.Different sites should fertilizer differently.

  Study on the tissue culture system and key technique of Phalaenopsis amabilis Wang Renrui, Li Mingfu, Han Lingbo, Liu Ming 2010, 26 (10):  197-201.  Abstract + ( 1349 )   PDF ( 681901KB )   ( 1107 ) Phalaenopsis amabilis was cultured in the experiment. Its tissue culture system ,especially on the optimum formula of culture medium and culture procedure at each phase was researched by using tender peduncles before flowering period, peduncles after flowering period and shoot tip as explants. The results showed : peduncles after flowering period were fit for inducing germination of axillary buds. In MS medium with BA1mg/L and NAA0.1 mg/L, the axillary buds of peduncles could be induced to germinate easily. The best way in prevention shoot tip from browning is cutting the shoot tip in a sterile petri dish with a filter-sterilized solution of 1%VC to the medium with 2%PVP.In the VW medium with BA3mg/L , NAA0.5 mg/L and AC 200ml/L, shoot tip tended to be induced to germinate buds. The best differentiation and proliferation medium is MS+ BA1mg/L+NAA1 mg/L. The rooting medium is ?MS +IBA1mg/L+NAA1 mg/L. After training , the cultured plantlets were transplanted in wet algae ,and keep the humidity above 80%.

  On Ulmus pumila Linn. and Its Application in Landscape Architecture Zhang Chang, Jiang Weibing , Han Jian 2010, 26 (10):  202-206.  Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 584463KB )   ( 1056 ) Ulmus pumila is a kind of deciduous tree, which has high value of Eco-green and ornamental. This paper gives a brief commentary on the resource attributions and biological, ecological characteristics of Ulmus pumila. It summarizes the abundance cultural connotations of Ulmus pumila, states main ways of their applications in landscaping, and suggests their prospects in exploitation and utilization.

  Effects of Sulfur Content in Nutrient Solution on Nutrition Quality and Fresh Weight of Garlic Liu Zhongliang , Liu Shiqi, Zhang Zikun 2010, 26 (10):  207-211.  Abstract + ( 1279 )   PDF ( 530905KB )   ( 1046 ) Effects of different sulfur content on garlic nutrition quality and fresh weight were studied by Hoagland nutrient solution. The main results are as follows: Sulfur could obviously increase quality indices, when sulfur content was 2.25mmol?L-1, the allicin, soluble sugar, free amino acid contents in bulb of two garlic cultivars were higher, which were increased by 48.78%, 176.90%, 87.80%, 44.82%, 127.92 % and 63.58%, respectively, and the allicin, soluble sugar, vitamin C, free amino acid contents in bolt were higher. When sulfur content was 1.50 mmol?L-1, the soluble protein contents in bolt reached maximum, Higher content of sulfur (3.75 mmol?L-1) increased the contents of soluble protein in bulb. With sulfur content increased, the fresh weight of garlic of the two cultivars was increased, when sulfur treatment content was 2.25mmol?L-1, the fresh weight reached maximum.

  Tissue Culture and Regeneration System from Leaves of Saintpaulia ionantha in vitro Cheng Yunqing, Liu Jianfeng, Zhong Xue, Chen Zhiwen 2010, 26 (10):  212-216.  Abstract + ( 1260 )   PDF ( 1908425KB )   ( 920 ) Leaf of three varieties of different leaf-type of African violet（Saintpaulia ionantha）was used as explants to establish a rapid and effective tissue culture regeneration system. The results showed the best culture media of leaf callus induction were MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L and MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L. After 4 weeks cultivation, callus induction rate reached to 100%, and buds occurred on almost every callus. After subculture on the medium MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L, about 30 buds could be observed on one callus. There were no obvious differences in callus and bud induction of in different cultivars. The proper culture medium for rooting culture was 1/2MS+0.2mg?L-1 NAA for varieties A and C, but 1/2MS+0.5mg?L－1IBA for B varieties. vermiculite was the optimum medium for test-tube plantlet after transplant, and 1/4 MS(large elements and trace element) should be used as foliar fertilizer, and the survive rate of the root regeneration plant was over 90%. After transferred to humus, above 95% of plantlet could survive. After 3 month of cultivation, the African violet burst into blossom. The results above provided the basic data for industrialized production of test-tube plantlet of African violet.

  Studies on Shaping and Pruning Big Trees Luo Ying, Zhang Hui 2010, 26 (10):  217-221.  Abstract + ( 1306 )   PDF ( 1753455KB )   ( 1020 ) Abstract: For many years it has been a relativly weak part that shaping and pruning of big trees during urban garden landscaping and maintenance. In different city the work of shaping and pruning is carried upon by respective experiences and subjective.There’s lack of a uniformed theoretical basis. In recent years, with the developing of the urban gardening, there’s a urgent need to establish a relativly scientific and reasonable technique to shaping and pruning big trees in the city of Beijing. This article based on the study of shaping and pruning of three varieties trees, including Chinese scholartree、Chinese pine and gingkgo，to discuss about how to carry on the shaping and pruning of the big tree. Then find out the law of cuting and reasonabl theoretical evidence，to be helpful for establishing a technical standard of big tree shaping and pruning.

  Effects of 6-BA on the Chlorogenic Acid Content in Red Globe Grape during Development Process Fu Xiaofa, Yu Songlin, Li Pengcheng 2010, 26 (10):  222-225.  Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 572197KB )   ( 891 ) In order to study the relationship between 6-BA treatment and Chlorogenic acid content during the development process of Red Globe grape, the Red Globe grape were treated by 6-BA and the Chlorogenic acid content in kernel, carpodermis and sarcocarp were determined by HPLC method. The results showed that the Chlorogenic acid content in the fruit treated by GA3 was obviously different from the CK samples, it was the most significant when the GA3 concentration was 30 mg.L-1. The appearance times of Chlorogenic acid concentration peak value in the kernel, carpodermis and sarcocarp were obviously different, the time were 65d、75d and 85d, and the Chlorogenic acid concentration were 25.85ug?g-1, 17.91 ug?g-1 and 5.76ug?g-1.

  Applications of Biotechnology on Citrus Rootstocks Fang Zhijun, Yang Yiling, Huang Chunhui, Gu Qingqing, Xu Xiaobiao 2010, 26 (10):  226-229.  Abstract + ( 957 )   PDF ( 486510KB )   ( 1175 ) The research progresses of germplasms improvement and cultivars selection from biotechnology especially the genetic engineering and somatic cell hybridization in Citrus rootstocks at home and abroad at present were summarized in order to provide a solid basis for further study and development of Citrus rootstocks. Though genetic engineering started a little late, it gained a great development nowadays. Achievements has been gotten in raising novel Citrus rootstocks by genetic engineering methods such as Agrobacterium-mediated transformation，the method of possessed axillary bud transformation-identification of in vitro propagation, direction introduction of alien DNA and so on. For the use of somatic cell hybridization, a great number of hybridized cells were gotten, and many disease-resistant hybrid progeny groups were built by protoplast fusion. At the present time, the researches of biotechnology in Citrus rootstocks are just on the beginning, studies will be focused on the use of biotechnology in the resource diversity and germplasm improvement of Citrus rootstocks.

  Advances in Banana Protoplast Culture Liu Dai1,2, Wei Yuerong1, Hu Jiajin2, Yi Ganjun1 2010, 26 (10):  230-234.  Abstract + ( 1260 )   PDF ( 470061KB )   ( 934 ) In this paper,the general situations of banana protoplast culture and fusion were introduced over these twenty years；the factors influencing banana protoplast isolation，culture，and plant regeneration were reviewed in detail．The keystones of banana protoplast culture were also outlined．

  The study of how the chemical treatment influence in Ping ou hybrids hazel survival rate and growth Liu Cencen1, Li Baojiang1, Zhao Wanlin2, Zhang Guangxi2 2010, 26 (10):  235-238.  Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 459351KB )   ( 760 ) Abstract: It was studied that how the 11 kinds of chemical reagents influenced in the survival rate and growth of 10 varieties of Ping ou hybrid hazel. It shows that the reagents can significantly increase the survival rate of hazel seedlings planting, and promote root and grow part of branches and leaves . Gen te jia treatment makes the highest survival rate, it is up to 86%. WP and NEB treatment make good effect, survival rates are 84% and 82%, which is significantly higher than that of water control treatment (70%). It concluded that WP and the NEB is better than other treatments, since the root, branches and leaves . There is also much difference between the survival rate of Hazel seedling varieties (lines) and the growth of the plant. The survival rate of 86-104 is up to 95%, 84-310 is only 50.83%. In between the chemical treament and tested varieties, there exists interaction of the survival rate of the plants. few treatments of low average survival rate varieties among the treatments are up to 100%. few of treatments in low average survival rate among the varieties are up to 100%.

  AFLP analysis on jujube cultivars and strains in Ningxia Autonomous Region Wei Tianjun1, Li Yanlong2, Li Baiyun1 2010, 26 (10):  239-241.  Abstract + ( 1209 )   PDF ( 505422KB )   ( 868 ) Abstract：The genetic relationships among 9 jujube cultivars and strains were analyzed using the technique of genomic DNA-AFLP markers in Ningxia Hui People’s Autonomous Region. Five primer pairs (E1/M12、E1/M4、E4/M11、E2/M10和E5/M4) were used for the analysis. A total of 466 AFLP markers were identified, of which 130 were polymorphic, and polymorphism percentage was 27.89%. Using UPGMA(un-weighted pair group method arithmetic average) clustering method, 9 cultivars and strains were placed into 2 clusters. ‘Lingwuchangzao No.2’ selected from lingwuchangzao jujubes had farther genetic distance, that is a new germplasm of jujube. ‘Tongxinyuanzao’ jujube and ‘zhongweidazao’ jujube were very close genetically, being the same cultivar.

  Purified Efficiency of Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Eutrophicated Landscape Water by Three Floating Ornamental Plants in Winter Xu Guifang 2010, 26 (10):  242-245.  Abstract + ( 991 )   PDF ( 581651KB )   ( 793 ) Three kinds of ecological floating beds were made of Beta vulgaris , Brassica oleracea , Lycoris radiata, respectively, to study their effects on removing nitrogen and phosphorus from eutrophicated landscape water under lower temperature condition in winter. The experiment lasted 60 days. The results indicated that three ornamental plants were adaptable to grow in the eutrophicated landscape water. Three plants had good removal effects on the CODCr、TN、TP、and NH3-N , which were higher than the control treatment. The removal rates of N by Beta vulgaris , Brassica oleracea , Lycoris radiata were 64.0%, 53.0%, 32.9%, respectively, all of which were higher than the control (20.04%). The removal rates of NH3-N were 93.1%, 88.4%, 75.3%, espectively. The investigation will offer a reason for the choice of floating bed plant in winter.

  Plant Regeneration System from Leaf Explants ofˋBenihoppeˊStrawberry ( Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) Dong Li1, Chao Huijuan1, Dong Qinghua1, Jin Baoyan2,Gao Xiahong1 2010, 26 (10):  246-249.  Abstract + ( 1010 )   PDF ( 819079KB )   ( 940 )

  Identification of Magnaporthe oryzae avirulence gene in Hei Longjiang Province with SSR Marker Zhang Qifeng1, Jin Xuehui2, Cai Xinxin2, Gong Shuangyin1, Liu Xianyuan1 2010, 26 (10):  250-254.  Abstract + ( 1162 )   PDF ( 1005025KB )   ( 881 ) Using three SSR marker which was closely linked to the avirulence gene Avr-pit，Avr-pia and PRE1 for PCR amplification of DNA in 209 Magnaporthe oryzae strains of different region Heilongjiang province. The result showed that the frequency of different avirulence gene is significant different in Heilongjiang province, and the appearance frequency of these three avirulence gene Avr-pit, Avr-pia and PRE1 were 43.59%,36.92% and 30.26%. The group structure of Magnaporthe oryzae was complex in Heilongjiang Province．The distribution of avirulence gene varied in different regions even in the same region．

  Bionomics Study on Pathogen of the Bulb Rot of Iphigenia indica Kunth. Zhen Li1, Yang Xuying2 2010, 26 (10):  255-258.  Abstract + ( 947 )   PDF ( 577343KB )   ( 776 ) The effect was researched when Fusarium orthoceras App. et Wr. var. longius (Sherb.) Wr. growed in different temperature, or on medium which were different to pH value, nitrogen source or carbon source. The temperature experiment showed that the optimum growth temperature for the mycelial ranged from 25℃ to 28℃，the suitable temperature ranged from 22℃ to 28℃, the optimum temperature for spore germination was 21℃. pH value experiment showed that the optimum growth pH value was 7.7-8.7. Nitrogen source experiment showed that the optimum growth nitrogen source was peptone. Carbon source experiment showed that the optimum growth carbon source was lactose.

  Application on dispensing optimization of pharmaceuticals with Visual Basic Feng Gang, Zhang Jing 2010, 26 (10):  259-262.  Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 501482KB )   ( 815 ) Orthogonal experiment is an one of important analytical methods of dispensing optimization of pharmaceuticals. This paper introduces how to establish the procedure for statistical analysis on dispensing optimization of pharmaceuticals with Visual Basic, and then it illustrates the usage and skill with an example. The results show that the procedure will calculate visual analysis , analysis of variance and the optimum extraction according to the R value quickly and accurately after the user inputs raw data of test. Compared with special statistics analysis software DPS, the result of regression analysis turns out to be matched, what’s more, this procure is quick, convenient, and easy to operate with the result being highly accurate. Therefore, it can strongly improve the efficiency dispensing optimization of pharmaceuticals.

  Study on regenerate system of Acanthopanax senticosus somatic embryo Chu Limin1, Zhao Hongli2 2010, 26 (10):  263-266.  Abstract + ( 1322 )   PDF ( 524545KB )   ( 829 ) Using seeds explants,an efficient plant regeneration system via somatic embryo was established for Acanthopanax senticosus.The results showed that 1/3MS+1.0 mg?L-12,4-D was the optimum medium for the embryogenic callus induction;1/3MS+1.0 mg?L-12,4-D was the optimum medium for the embryogenic callus proliferation，propagating times was 4.24.;It was increased the somatic embryo development that the embryogenic callus was transferred to 1/3MS medium with 2,4-D lacking. Furthermore, when the medium was appended 10g?L-1sucrose，the somatic embryo germination rate and plant conversion rate was 90% and 97.8% respectively.

  Advances on the mapping and cloning of blast resistance gene in rice JiangNan 1,2, Liu Xionglun1,2, Dai Liangying2,3,Wang Guoliang1,2 2010, 26 (10):  270-275.  Abstract + ( 1133 )   PDF ( 503148KB )   ( 1242 ) Abstract：Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice production, which is responsible for tremendous food loss and environmental destruction around the earth. Cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes is considered as the most effective and economical strategy to solve this problem. Recent advances on mapping, cloning and molecular structure of rice blast resistance genes were summarized, and application perspectives of these resistance genes in rice breeding was discussed in this review.

  Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Investigation and Assessment Zhang Jinheng1 , Wang Junqiang2, Wan Yu1, Han Chao1 2010, 26 (10):  276-280.  Abstract + ( 1754 )   Data of use of agrochemical, livestock and poultry raising and cultivated area during 2000-2006 in Qingdao were used to establish the index system for evaluation of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer and livestock and poultry manure pollution load. The aim was to compare the spatial different of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer and livestock and poultry manure pollution load with the relatively uniform index system．The result indicates the influence of nitrogenous fertilizer outflow to the farmland environment: Pingdu, Huang Dao, Laoshan and the urban district were in level four (threaten seriously), and Chengyang and Jiaozhou were in the level three. The influence of Phosphate fertilizer outflow to farmland environment: Huangdao was in level four (threaten seriously), and Jiaozhou was in the level three. Livestock and poultry manure pollution influence farmland environment: Laixi, Jiaozhou, Jiaona and Laoshan were in level four (threaten seriously), and Jimo and Pingdu were in level three.

  Research of Developing Pattern of Shandong Province Ecological Tea Garden Duan Yongchun1, Liu Jiaxiu1, Dong Shuqiang1, Xue Huayu2 2010, 26 (10):  281-286.  Abstract + ( 1029 )   PDF ( 564483KB )   ( 937 ) Building of ecological tea garden is the base of production for organic tea & Pollution-free tea. Based on soil, air and water quality investigations and analysis in Shandong Province , authors believe that the main tea-growing areas in Shandong, it is feasible to develop ecological tea garden.This paper addressed the key techniques of three aspects of the pilot study .----forest shelter belt building, tea garden fertilization , time of young seeding Tea Garden Pattern of intercropping.And summarized a series of developing pattern of northern ecological tea garden.Provides a theoretical basis for building ecological tea gardenin in Shandong Province environmental conditions.

  Research Progress on Nitrogen Cycling and Its Environment Effects in Vegetable Crop-Soil System Hu Xiaoxia1,2, Ding Hong1, Zhang Yushu1, Qin Shengjin1 2010, 26 (10):  287-294.  Abstract + ( 1182 )   PDF ( 553620KB )   ( 1791 ) The intensity of nitrogen cycling in vegetable crop-soil system is high and the amount of nitrogen losses is great with various losing ways because of the excessive fertilization. In this paper, the status were summarized. The processes and the quantity feature of soil nitrogen input, interior transformation and output, including fertilization, atmosphere desposition, ammonification nitrogenfixation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification,plant uptake, nitrogen accumulated, NH3 volatilization, runoff and NO3- leaching were introduced. The environmental effects of nitrogen loss were carried out.

  ANALYSE ON REASON FOR CHANGE OF PHENOPHASE ACCUMULATED TEMPERATURE 36 KIND OF PLANTS IN THE MINQIN DESERT AREA Chang Zhaofeng1,2,3, Han Fugui1,2,3, Zhong Shengnian1,2,3 2010, 26 (10):  295-302.  Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 647174KB )   ( 805 ) Plant phenology show in advance trends with the temperature warming in northwest China desert areas. Then, is sensitive to changes in phenology number of days, or in accumulated temperature sensitive in sustained duration of phenological? What are the causes of change? The change tendency of temperature and the phonological was expressed by trend-line of one-dimensional-linear. The correlation between the phenological and the temperature was expressed by relationship coefficient, and the significance of the relationship coefficient was made by the t-test. The results showed that as temperatures rise, the number of days phenological sustained varying degrees of growth, the accumulated temperature phenology duration change is more sensitive than the phenology sustaine days. Accumulated temperature changes in phenology sustained days largely by the number of days due to increase or decrease. Followed by the rise due to higher temperatures, This is other relevant research literature has not reported before. Impact of annual average temperature for the phenology sustained days > average temperature on start the month the phenological> average temperature on phenological began last month> the average temperature in the continued duration of phenologica and monthly mean temperature on phenology end.

  Landscape Planning of Coal Wasting Lands in Sanlidong Qin Jun 2010, 26 (10):  303-308.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 3024036KB )   ( 973 ) Large amount of coal waste destructs the environment and the landscape pattern; it also has brought about a series of environment problems. Target and principle of coal waste lands landscape planning was discussed in this paper， ecological restoration and landscape planning was completed through applying theory of Vegetation Restoration and the Landscape Architecture. Landscape planning and design was on the basis of the coast dimension and coal wasting lands dimension. Thereby， initiate the thinking of planning and design of coal wasting lands. It has an important significance of improving ecological environment of coal wasting lands， restore the soil productivity and promoting agricultural production， improve city position and image; some references are also presented to landscape planning of coal wasting lands in other cities.

  Application of the Markov process model on the dynamic change of land desertification in the Gonghe Basin, Qinghai province Feng Jianmin, Li Xiaohua, Zhang Junli 2010, 26 (10):  309-313.  Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 1107382KB )   ( 899 ) Based on the 1996 and 2006 TM and ETM images of arid and desert grassland in the Gonghe Basin and the field investigations there, supported by RS and GIS methods, this paper monitored desertification trend from 1996 to 2006, and predicted yearly desertification statue from 2007 to 2016 using Markov process model. The results showed that in the last ten years the desertification had an decreasing trend, in which the whole desertified area decreased from 7565.15 km2 to 7419.60 km2, but moderate and very serious desertification increased from 1071.28 km2 and 858.78 km2 to 1308.987 km2 and 903.07 km2, while slight and serious desertification reduced from 4933.26 km2 and 701.82 km2 to 4656.68 km2 and 550.87 km2 respectively from 1996 to 2006. The prediction indicated that the areas of slight and serious desertification would be decreased, while the moderate and very serious desertification would have a increasing trend. By the end of 2016, the very serious desertification would be 928.65 km2, or increased 24.89 km2 compared with 2006. This pointed out that desertification in Gonghe Basin would be still serious, and some countermeasures must be taken to control and lighten desertification.

  Potential Ecological Risk Assessment and Vertical Pollution Characteristic of Heavy Metals in Dunhua Sewage Irrigation Area of Taiyuan City Chen Cuicui1, Liang Jintao1, Han Yulan2, Cheng Changshun2, Luo Yu2, Chen Qibin1, 2010, 26 (10):  314-318.  Abstract + ( 1169 )   PDF ( 655867KB )   ( 988 ) Surface soil samples(185)and different depth of 20,40,60,80,100and 120cm samples(90) was collected in agricultural soils of Dunhua sewage irrigation area, the heavy metals (Cd，Cr，Hg) were determined by AAS and AES. Hakanson ecological risk method was used to assessment the potential ecological risk of heavy metals,and the vertical distribution and migration of heavy metals were discussed. The results showed that: Irrigated soil is alkaline (pH=8.01), The long-term sewage irrigation led to serious contamination of Cd with average content up to 1.265mg/kg, it was 2.11 times of the national standard value, pollution of Cd is the main factor causing the risk of soil. The comprehensive risk index RI distributed in 475.769 to 610.187, belong to a strong degree of pollution. The total risk index is contributed by heavy metal Cd, account for 68.4-74.6%, the other are lower. The organic matter tend to be concentrated in the cultivated horizon(>1%), and content tends to decrease with the depth;The relationship between heavy metals and the depth obey exponential distribution, consistent with the changes of organic matter.

  Investigation of water Bio-diversity in the Coal Mining Subsidence Area Guo Youhong 2010, 26 (10):  319-322.  Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 505829KB )   ( 1301 )

  Analysis of morphological diversity of wild Brassica campestris L in Tibet Meng Xia, Dan Ba, Zhuo Ga, Dunzhu Zhuoma, Wang Jianlin 2010, 26 (10):  323-327.  Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 499777KB )   ( 768 ) Abstract: Morphological diversity of 14 materials of wild Brassica campestris L(WBc) collected from different area in Tibet was analyzed in this paper. The results showed that it was obvious different in morphological diversity of the 14 materials, especially rich in the characters of plant height, basal leaf, leaf of elongation stem, leaf of bolting stem and seed weight. The 14 materials of wild Brassica campestris L were clustered by the methods of chi-square distance and the sum of squares of deviations in 7 characters such as plant height, main stem diameter, number of branches, and pod number of main inflorescence. According to the morphological clustering analysis, the 14 materials could be divided into different groups as the following: Group1(G1) belong to branching type of below plant, including 4 materials of WBc-5, WBc-6, WBc-9; Group2(G2) had only one material of WBc -14, belonging to branching type of above plant; Group3(G3) belonged to average type of branching, including WBc-1~ WBc-4, WBc-7, WBc-8, WBc-10~ WBc-13.G1,G2,and G3 accounted for 21.43%,7.14% and 71.43% of the total germplasm resources respectively. At the threshold of 0.54, they could be divided into 5 subgroups, namely SG1, SG2, SG3, SG4 and SG5. It is scientific and reliable of this clustering method for comprehensive classification of wild Brassica campestris L in Tibet. In addition, the clustering results accurately reflect the differences between the various groups, which could provide a reliable basis for the correct evaluation of wild Brassica campestris L germplasm resources and breeding of fine varieties in Tibet. Key words:Tibet; wild Brassica campestris L; morphological characters; diversity; cluster analysis

  Applied Research on the Treatment of Wastewater from the Concentrated Pomegranate Juice Production by MBR Process Zhou Rongqing, Ji Yuxiang, Tang Wenhao 2010, 26 (10):  328-332.  Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 595411KB )   ( 893 ) Abstract: We used a submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactor with specification of 3 m3/d for the treatment of wastewater from the concentrated pomegranate juice production from a juice factory. The results of the experiment showed that when the inlet CODCr level was 756~1097 mg/L, in the effluent of the reactor it dropped down to 34~95 mg/L. Removal ratios of about 89.5%~97.0% had been obtained for CODCr. About 10%~20% of CODCr was caught by membrane. The MBR was continuously operated for 60 days to treat juice wastewater, which was in stable condition, and met the discharge standard. It proved that the process is feasible, which is simple to operation, and easy to management. What is more, it could reduce about 50% of the cost of adding nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus, it could be reference for the juice of industrial scale MBR process for treatment of the juice wastewater.

  Establishment of Distinctness，Uniformity and Stabilit Testing Guidelines for Carthamus tinctorius L. Ma Yanming1,2, Bai Yuting1,2, Wang Wei1,2, Yan Guorong1,2, Liu Zhiyong1,2 2010, 26 (10):  333-336.  Abstract + ( 1114 )   PDF ( 458928KB )   ( 955 ) Distinctness，Uniformity and Stability(DUS for short)testing is the technical base of Plant Variety Protection(PVP)and the scientific basis for the approval of Plant Breeder's Rights(PBR)．DUS Test Guidelines are not only the technical manuals for the DUS testing authorities to conduct the testing，but also the technical standards for the competent authorities to examine the DUS of new varieties of plants．Safflower is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant as well as a new oil and industrial crop. In this paper,the subject，selection and adoption of characteristics，states of expression and selection of example varieties，assessment of DUS of the UPOV Test Guidelines for Safflower were elucidated in detail．The preparation of DUS Test Guidelines for Safflower will have important significance both for promoting the development of PVP and increasing the status of international PVP fields for China．

  Information Quality Demand Analysis of Agricultural Science and Technology Information-sharing Zhang Bo1, Song Lirong2 2010, 26 (10):  343-346.  Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 429027KB )   ( 903 ) With China's various types of science and technology information-sharing projects were promoted gradually, information quality (IQ) issues of information-sharing are increasingly apparent, which has become the key impact factor of China's agricultural science and technology information-sharing in a prominent. This paper, from the IQ problems understanding, information demand characteristic of the information user and the IQ demand characteristic of agricultural science and technology information, analyzed key information quality characteristic demand that influences of agricultural science and technology information-sharing, in order to hold the IQ characteristic of agricultural science and technology, improve the practicality and effectiveness of information quality control.

  Study on Soft Automatic Upgrade Method of Agri-product Produce Process Information Management System Liu Xuexin, Yang Xinting, Li Long, Qian Jianping, Han Xiao 2010, 26 (10):  347-350.  Abstract + ( 1130 )   PDF ( 726164KB )   ( 890 ) Upgrading of Agri-product Produce Process Information Management System is an important section in effecting the application. In this paper, the upgrade method which is adapt to use in agri-product enterprises was designed, and the flow of soft upgrade was established. The upgrade program was implemented with develop language of C#. It can automatically upgrade by Internet. The automatic upgrade method resolved the problem of high upgrade cost and difficult guide, which puzzled the application of the system.

  Prediction of Population Based on Grey Discrete Increment Model Zhu Xiuxiu, Song Jinping, Cheng Yi, Huang He 2010, 26 (10):  351-354.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 524678KB )   ( 984 ) Population system is a typical grey system. According to the latest statistical data of Wangjiang’s population development from 1949 to 2005, using discrete grey increment model, predict the population development of Wangjiang up to the year 2020. And the prediction results are tested and contrasted. Comparing with other models, the examination indicated that the improved gray model has good prediction precision. The model mentioned above will have certain values on the development of regional land-use general programming.

  Optimization of Technology for Extraction Oil from Stellera chamaejasme root by Supercritical CO2 fluid Bai Xuena1,2, Tong Baosheng3, Liang Wei4, Jin Yongsheng1, Shi Guanglu1, Wang You 2010, 26 (10):  355-359.  Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 659887KB )   ( 739 ) 【OBJECTIVE】To discuss the extraction technology of Stellera chamaejasme root oil by supercritical fluid in this study.【METHOD】The optimal technological conditions including the supercritical CO2 flow，extraction time，extraction pressure，extraction temperature， separation temperature and separation pressure were determined by the single factor experiment and the orthogonal experiment. 【CONCLUSION】The sequence of the factors affecting the extraction are: extraction pressure>separation pressure>extraction temperature >separation temperature. The optimum extracting conditions are as follows: supercritical CO2 flow 21 L/h，extraction time 100 min，extraction pressure 30 MPa， extraction temperature 46°C，separation temperature 45°C，separation pressure 5.5Mpa.Under the above process conditions，the extraction yield of S. chamaejasme root oil reached at 3.57%.

  The Main Application of Intelligent Robot In the Field of Agriculture Automation Zhao Xin 2010, 26 (10):  360-364.  Abstract + ( 1367 )   PDF ( 507227KB )   ( 1742 ) The main application of intelligent robot in the field of agriculture automation is discussed. The picking robot, grafting robot, cultivating robot, weeding robot, spraying pesticides robot, planting robots, timber cleaning robot, feeding robots, egg inspection and grading robot are presented. The Perception and obstacle avoidance techniques,machine vision technology,information fusion technology and agricultural expert system are the main applications in agriculture intelligent robot technology. The intelligent problem of agricultural robots,high cost and the impact of environmental diversification need to be further studied and solved.

  Effects of Avermectins on the Serum Estradiol Content in Male Cyprinus carpio. Ma Xiaoyan1, Hu Gengdong1, Yang Guang2, Chen Jiazhang1 2010, 26 (10):  365-370.  Abstract + ( 1201 )   PDF ( 616690KB )   ( 984 ) Avermectins is considered one of the most commonly used pesticides in China and probably the world. Studies on avermectins acute toxicity to Cyprinus carpio and effects of low level avermectins on serum estradiol contents in male Cyprinus carpio at different effecting time and exposure concentrations were done. Results of toxicity test showed that 24 h, 48 h ,72 h and 96 h LC50 values were 134.12μg?L-1，60.55μg?L-1 ,45.31μg?L-1and 33.50μg?L-1 respectively. The safety concentration of avermectin to Cyprinus carpio was 3.35μg?L-1, therefore it was virulent toxic to fish. Under effecting time of 20 days, the synthesis of serum estradiol in male C. carpio was inhibited by avermectin at the lower concentrations ranging from 3.2 to 5.6μg?L-1. The most strongest inhibiting effect happened when the avermectin concentration was 5.6μg?L-1, and the content of serum estradiol reduced by 28.8% compared to the control group. However, the synthesis of serum estradiol had no obvious difference at higher concentrations of 10.0μg?L-1and 18.0μg?L-1. The contents of serum estradiol in male C. carpio were lower than the control group at all effecting time at the concentration of 5.6μg?L-1, and on the 20th day the serum estradiol content showed the lowest value by induced 28.8% compared to the control one. And there was no significant time-response or dose-response relationships between serum estradiol contents in male C. carpio and the effecting time or exposure concentrations of averectin. It is suggested that low level avermectins could induce depressions of serum estradiol in fish,thus threatening reproduction of fish.

  Discuss on the Northeast’s Management and the Character of “Danong” in the Period of Manchukuo Yu Chunying1,2 2010, 26 (10):  371-374.  Abstract + ( 1341 )   PDF ( 455626KB )   ( 995 ) 【Abstract】“Danong” is an advantaged economic ingredient in agriculture which has the character of capitalism. In the period of Manchukuo, as the increasing of the land robbing by Japanese imperialism and the annex of the landlords’ lands, a lot of lands were put together to “Mantuo” and a few big landlords. And because of the vigorous advocating by Manchukuo government, the “Danong” management in Northeast was still flourishing. The “Danong” management in Northeast mainly had three forms: the rich farmer management, the landlord management and the farm management, and the three forms constitute a capitalism agricultural management system which has the character of colony and semi-feudalism.

  A Literature Review on Cassava-biofuels Industrialization Feng Xian1, Xu Mingran2, Zhan Ling1, Li Ninghui1 2010, 26 (10):  375-380.  Abstract + ( 1249 )   PDF ( 564474KB )   ( 1159 ) Using literature analysis method, this paper summarized the status of present literatures of cassava-biofuels industrialization, country policies and researches results. It turned out that academia mainly study on the cassava origin and utilization, the status of cassava-biofuels industry and its industrialization. And some studies have laid the theory foundation for the development of cassava-biofuels industrialization. However, studies on accounting system of the industry, stakeholders and economic evaluation on the cassava-biofuels industry are still weak. Therefore, relevant academia should pay more attention to such studies and make them more enrich, then make some appropriate policy recommendations for the cassava industry, and then promote the industrialization development of the cassava-biofuels.

  Based on diversification from the Perspective of Chinese agricultural growth Study on Listed Companies Liang Biming, Wang Deyong 2010, 26 (10):  386-390.  Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 510454KB )   ( 1006 ) Abstract: Agricultural growth of listed companies should be said that is a continuing research focus, socio-economic development needs of the industry's development requires the main body of this micro-agriculture, industry, the growth of listed companies, but for the growing diversity of business enterprises due to the additional earnings, in the current business was also no obvious apparent. In the current business was also no obvious apparent. As the banner of Chinese advanced productive forces, representatives of agriculture, agricultural listed companies, the prevailing relative number of small, generally small-scale, science and technology level is not high, there is also back in the process of production and operation of agricultural investment, diversification and other issues in transition , I believe that this is a necessity in the development of things and allowing the existence of the deviation, the key is to address and resolve these issues, this article will be listed on the company's growth in Chinese agricultural diversity issues for analysis and study.

  Research on the Differences of the Coordinating Urban and Rural Development Level in Shandong Province Li Chunping, Li Jianchi 2010, 26 (10):  391-395.  Abstract + ( 1091 )   PDF ( 466003KB )   ( 873 ) The coordinating urban and rural development is an effective way to promote all-round development of the rural economy and solve the problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The ratio of the incomes of urban and rural residents and the ratio of the Engel coefficient for urban and rural residents and the ratio of the consumption level of urban and rural residents were selected to analyze the coordinating urban and rural development level in Shandong Province. We’ve found that the coordinating urban and rural development level were the highest in Shandong Peninsula, with Qingdao being the most prominent，the coordinating urban and rural development level were higher in central Shandong, with Zibo, Laiwu being the most prominent, the coordinating urban and rural development level were low in the west of Shandong with Dezhou, Liaocheng being the most prominent. Then the differences of the coordinating urban and rural development level were explored. Finally some suggestions were put forward to speed up the coordinating urban and rural development.

  An Empirical Study on the Influence Factors of Farmland Circulation in Beijing Suburb Meng Junjie 2010, 26 (10):  396-399.  Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 518782KB )   ( 897 ) Abstract Using multiple linear regression analysis method, this paper surveyed some representative farmers from peri-urban areas, mid-urban areas, and outer suburbs of Beijing, and positively studied the main features and influence factors of farmland circulation. The research showed that the rural collective organizations played significant role during the farmland circulation, that the relationship of farmland circulation rate to non-agriculture employment rate, the per capita arable land, and other factors was obvious Then some measures were put forward such as bettering rural land property rights system,, further exerting the role of the rural collective organizations, improving non-agriculture employment rate, improving agriculture comparative revenue.