Current issue

• 2010 Vol.26 No.9 Published:05 May 2010

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  Effects of Three Mixed Chinese Herbal Extracts on Physiologic and Immunological Parameters in Broilers Bai Hua1,2, Hu Ming1,2, Zhu Xiaoling1,2, Du Jiafa1,2, Cai Yana1,2, Liu Yuqing1,2 2010, 26 (9):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 1236532KB )   ( 990 ) In order to investigate the effects of Chinese herbal extracts on physiological function of broilers, 3 mixed Chinese herbal extracts(Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ) were added to the drinking water of broilers from 1 to 28 days old (concentration was 0.5%) respectively, and then intervals for 7 days, the physiologic and immunological parameters were determined, such as index of immune organs, serum proteins(total protein, albumin, globulin), serum enzymes(AST, ALT, LDH, ALP), Newcastle disease virus(NDV) HI antibody titers, interleukin-2(IL-2), interleukin-3(IL-3), average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate. The results showed that the index of immune organs, serum proteins and some serum enzymes(AST, ALT, LDH) were not influenced by supplement with the 3 mixed Chinese herbal extracts (P＞0.05). Level of ALP in serum of Ⅱgroup was higher than that of the control(P＜0.05) at the 21th and 28th days. NDV HI Antibody titers of the 3 mixed Chinese herbal extracts groups were higher than that of the control(P＜0.05) at 21th day, and at the 28th day extractⅠgroup was obviously higher than the control(P＜0.01), Ⅲ group was also higher than the control(P＜0.05). IL-2 ofⅠand Ⅲ groups have higher levels than that of the control at the 21th day(P＜0.05), but to the 28th day only Ⅰgroup was still higher than the control(P＜0.05). Level of IL-3 of Ⅰgroup was higher than that of the control at 28th day(P＜0.05). When broilers were 28 days old, average daily gain of Ⅰand Ⅱ groups was higher than that of the control, the highest was Ⅱ group 72.72 g/d. Compairing with the control group, feed conversion ratios of Ⅰand Ⅱ groups were lower, the lowest was Ⅱ group 2.08. The lowest mortality rate was Ⅰgroup 1%. All results suggest that the 3 mixed Chinese herbal extracts have high security, and can impove physiological function of broilers in some ways. The extract Ⅰhas a significant effect on delaying the decline of antibody level, while the extract Ⅱis helpful to improve the production performance of broilers.

  Effect of Probiotics YS on the Growth Performance and Immune Function in Three Buff Chickens Xu Chunhou, Xiang Fei, Xie Weitian 2010, 26 (9):  8-12.  Abstract + ( 1057 )   PDF ( 1309054KB )   ( 976 ) 100 one-day-old three buff chickens for an experimental period of 8 weeks, were randomly allotted into 5 groups each with two replicates, each replicate was ten chickens. The control group was provided with the basal diet, the antibiotic group was fed with basal diet supplemented with enrofloxacin at the level of 0.2%, the other groups were fed basal diet supplemented with probiotics YS at the level of 0.5%,1.0%,1.5% respectively. The results showed that probiotics YS could increase average daily gain and markedly reduce ratio of feedingstuff and gain weight; the maximum of average daily gain was probiotics YS at the level of 1.5% , was more 22.39% than control group; to three buff chickens, probiotics YS could increase the content of calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, globulin, lysozyme, IgG, IgA in serum, and convert ratio of lymphocyte, and idexes of spleen, thymus, bursa; the suitable additive amount of probiotics YS in the basal diet of three buff chickens was 1.0%～1.5%.

  Research Progress on Diagnostic technology of Pocine Reproduction and Respiratary Syndrome Virus Xu Na, Li Baoyu, Liu Jixing 2010, 26 (9):  13-17.  Abstract + ( 1200 )   PDF ( 1241658KB )   ( 1391 ) Porcine reproductive and respiratory sydrome (PRRS) is presently one of the most important viral infectious disease of swine，which had spread widely and caused huge loss to world pig industry. This review is focus on the development of various diagnosis methods, such as clinical diagnosis, etiology diagnosis, serologic tests and molecular biologic tests.

  Lysis Spectrum Analysis and Investigation of TEM on Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophag Bp7 Liu Xiaofei, Ren Huiying, Liu Wenhua, Wen Jianxin, Zou Ling, Liu Changhao 2010, 26 (9):  18-21.  Abstract + ( 1135 )   PDF ( 1355969KB )   ( 1131 ) The aim is to observe and analyze the infection process of E.coli by bacteriophag Bp7 systematically by TEM and its lysis spectrum. The results show that, Bp7 can lyse 14 in 40 strains of E.coli and its lysis rate is 35%. Bp7 has a hexagonal head with diameter of 93nm and connected with a flexible tail which mean length is 106nm. The tail has tail sheath. Bp7 adsorbed on the rod-shaped E.coli via its tail wire. In the first 30min, the infection is in the hidden phase, and maturity phase appears at 45mpi (minute post infection), release period is at 60mpi, and a lytic cycle is about 60min. This study provides a theoretical basis for bacteriophag as an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial diseases.

  Genetic diversity of wild Elymus sibiricus L. germplasm from Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in China detected by SSR markers Yan Jiajun1, Bai Shiqie1, Chang Dan2, You Minghong1, Zhang Changbing1, Li Daxu1 2010, 26 (9):  26-33.  Abstract + ( 1459 )   PDF ( 5878048KB )   ( 1160 ) The genetic diversity of 52 E. sibiricus accessions were evaluated by SSR markers. A total of 318 fragments were identified with 18 SSR primers sets, of which 204 (86.48% ) were polymorphic, and each primer generated 13.1 fragments, the polymorphism information content (PIC) per primer was 0.267~0.471, with an average of 0.35, and the marker index (MI) of SSR was 3.98. The genetic similarity (GS) coefficient of the tested accessions ranged from 0.622 to 0.895, with an average of 0.766. The Nei’s index of diversity (He) of the 52 accessions was 0.3286, and the Shannon’s index (Ho) was 0.4851. These results suggested that there was rich genetic diversity among the tested wild resources of E. sibiricus. 52 accessions could be divided into five main groups by cluster and principal component analysis, the accessions from the same region or with the same habitat type tends to were classified into the same group, indicating the geographical distribution of genetic diversity of E. sibiricus.

  Analysis of Differences between Decussate Maize and Alternative Maize in Cytokins Controling Gene Ma Qing, Cheng Ying, Xiang Yan, Zhu Suwen, Cheng BeiJiu 2010, 26 (9):  34-41.  Abstract + ( 1504 )   PDF ( 3873834KB )   ( 1244 ) Abstract:Based on the Cytokinin levels and CTK/IAA in opposite maize were significantly higher than those of alternative maize and increased from alternative to opposite, to spiral. The sequence of ZmRR1，ZmRR2，ZmRR3，ZmRR4， ZmRR5，ZmRR6， ZmRR7，ZmRR8，ZmRR9，ZmRR10 genes and the CDS of them were found in GenBank according the report about opposite maize of cold spring label,, we analyzed genes and expression of them relative to the formation of different phyllotaxy. ZmRR1，ZmRR2，ZmRR3，ZmRR4， ZmRR5，ZmRR6， ZmRR7，ZmRR8，ZmRR9，ZmRR10 genes genes were amplified from genomic DNA of opposite and alterative plants. The results suggest that the ZmRR1，ZmRR2，ZmRR3，ZmRR4， ZmRR5，ZmRR6， ZmRR7，ZmRR8，ZmRR9，ZmRR10 genes do not change in opposite and alternative phyllotaxy maize. In different tissues including embrys ,sprouts,mature leaves,roots,and immature spikes, ZmRR1，ZmRR2 only expressd in root; ZmRR3 did not expressed in roots and leaves ; ZmRR6 did not expressed in sprouts; ZmRR4， ZmRR5， ZmRR7，ZmRR8，ZmRR9，ZmRR10 expressed in different tissues including embrys ,sprouts,mature leaves,roots and immature spikes. The transcriptional level of ZmRR1，ZmRR2，ZmRR3，ZmRR4， ZmRR5，ZmRR6， ZmRR7，ZmRR8，ZmRR9，ZmRR10 in the different tissues including embrys ,sprouts,mature leaves,roots,immature spikes present no difference between the two phenotypes of mazie with decussate phyllotaxy and alternative phyllotaxy. These results indicate the phyllotaxy formation of opposite and alterative phyllotaxy maize used in this study is not similar to the transport of Mu7 to ZmRR3 gene.

  Research and development of molecular marker technologies for gene mapping of Gramineous crops Chen Qiuling, Gao Jianming, Luo Feng, Wei Jinzhao, Pei Zhongyou, Sun Shoujun 2010, 26 (9):  42-48.  Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 1255236KB )   ( 1632 ) This paper presented the characteristic of several makers, and briefly described the progress of DNA markers in the aspects of resistance, quality traits, yield characters, growth period and the major characters of plants, fertility and so on, which provided the theoretical instruction for marker-assisted selection breeding of Gramineous Crops in future.

  The Structure Character and Functions of OSBP-related Proteins Lin Chunhua 2010, 26 (9):  49-54.  Abstract + ( 1234 )   PDF ( 1028533KB )   ( 1338 ) Oxysterol-binding proteins-related proteins(ORPs) is a kind of conserved family proteins widely distributed in eukaryotes. These proteins appear to have distinct but overlapping functions in lipid biosynthesis and intracellular sterol transportation, homeostasis, as well as cell signaling. Here we mainly review the structure character and functions of members of this family (mainly on OSH of yeast and ORPs of mammals).

  Co-expression of genes related to glycine betaine biosynthesis from Salicornia europaea increase salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco Hu Yanmei, Su Qiao, Zu Yong, Liu Jiwen 2010, 26 (9):  55-59.  Abstract + ( 1294 )   PDF ( 1053718KB )   ( 1308 ) In plants, betaine is synthesized upon abiotic stress, in which phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase（PEAMT）and choline monooxygenase (CMO) are key enzymes. A plant expression vector pYLTAC747N-Mar-SePEAMT-SeCOM-Mar, which includes SePEAMT gene and SeCMO gene cloned from Salicornia europaea, and the matrix attachment region (Mar) isolated from tobacco, was obtained based on Cre/LoxP recombination system. The resultant plasmid was transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 by the electroporation method, then transferred into tobacco (Nictiana tabacum L. cv. 89) via Agrobacterium-mediated method. PCR analysis showed that genes were transformed successfully into the transgenic plants. In the condition of NaCl stress for 35d, the transgenic plants could root while the wild-type plants could not. The glycine betaine content of transgenic plants was significantly higher than wild type plants, and the glycine betaine content of transgenic plants was about 5.6~7.7 fold of wild plants. Transgenic plants exhibit significantly lower relative conductivity and higher content of chlorophyll. The data suggest that co-expression of SePEAMT and SeCMO might increase the glycine betaine content and improve the salinity tolerance of engineered plants.

  Study on The Process of The Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch Polysaccharide by Microwave Assisted Extraction Using Response Surface Methodology Yuan Zengyan, Liu Hongji, Liu Xinyu, Hong Chong, Cai Mingchuan, Wang Mingdao 2010, 26 (9):  60-64.  Abstract + ( 1234 )   PDF ( 610887KB )   ( 1141 ) Abstract: In order to obtain the optimum condition of the Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch polysaccharide microwave-assisted extraction techniques, the content of polysaccharide in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch was measured by phenol-H2SO4 colorimetric method. This paper studied the effect of treatment time of microwave, power of microwave and rate of water to material through devised different factors. The optimum microwave extraction condition was determined by response surface analysis. The results showed the treatment time of microwave, power of microwave and the rate of material to material had a remarkable effect on obtain of polysaccharide in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. When the power of microwave was 720W, the treatment time of microwave was 210s, the rate of material to water was 6:1, the extraction rate of polysaccharide in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch was 61.9%. This result also had a good reproducibility.

  Factors Influencing on Shoot Differentiation of Rhizome of Cymbidium sinense×Cymbidium lancifolium Chen Yunxi, He Dandan, Liao Haoru, Ye Yanlan, Wen Zhihua, Zhang Zhisheng 2010, 26 (9):  65-69.  Abstract + ( 1151 )   PDF ( 7102377KB )   ( 881 ) Abstract: Rhizomes derived from hybrid seeds of Cymbidium sinense?Cymbidium lancifolium were employed to investigate the effects of basic medium, plant growth regulator, organic additives, activated carbon, carbon sources, cutting way and light intensity on shoot differentiation influencing of rhizome. The results showed that the basic medium had significant effect on shoot differentiation, the highest mean shoot differentiation rate were obtained by using 1/2MS as basic medium. The plant growth regulator had no significant effect on shoot induction rate, but significantly affected mean shoot differentiation rate, the highest mean shoot differentiation rate,130.00%, appeared when 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA adopted. The organic additives and 30 g/L maltose promoted the shoot differentiation of the rhizome, and supplement of 100 ml/L coconut water in medium significantly improved mean shoot differentiation rate. Activated carbon significantly inhibited shoot differentiation. Cutting way significantly influenced shoot differentiation, the best results were achieved by separation branches from the mother rhizome followed by without cutting, the results of cutting the rhizome into segments about 1 cm in length were the worst. The effect of light intensity on shoot differentiation of rhizome was significant, and the optimum light intensity was 500 lx．

  Effect of wild-Hazel Polysaccharide on immunity activity of mice Shao Hong, Sun Rui, Tong Lingying, Shao Haijun 2010, 26 (9):  70-73.  Abstract + ( 1111 )   PDF ( 642221KB )   ( 977 ) At present, the reports on polysaccharide are very frequent, however the reports on Hazel polysaccharide’s are seldom. Polysaccharide of wild hazelnut research, can improve the scientific utilization of wild plants, to further tap the resources of medicinal plants has important practical significance. The content of polysaccharide from wild-Hazel leaves(PHl)、wild-Hazelnut (PHn) and wild-Hazel leaves＇callus(PHc) were determined by phenol sulfonic spectrophotometry. Mice received respectively with PHl、PHn、Phc (12.5mg/mL) by gavage for ten days. After that, immune organ, the function of macrophages phagocytosis and the content of serolysin in mice were determined and their immunological activity were evaluated. The results showed, the average content of PHl was (2.93±0.06)%, which was the highest, Phc was the second, its content was(2.26±0.01)%, PHn content was the lowest, only(0.40±0.08)%. Among the three polysaccharide, PHn was the strongest on the immunological activity; the second was PHc; PHl had no remarkable effect on immunity.

  The transformation of mutigene expressed vector for Lycium barbarum. L Zhu Yongxing1, Cao Peng1, Xu Xing1, Meng Qingqing2, Zhao Zidan2 2010, 26 (9):  74-77.  Abstract + ( 1224 )   PDF ( 750269KB )   ( 1120 ) For researching transformation of Lycium barbarum. L ,the multigene expressed vector KCTB that constructed with four functional genes, GUS、BAR、KC1、CAF1 was introduced into Lycium barbarum. L mediated with agrobacterium tumefaciens. Analysis of transgenic plant by histochemical staining showed that the GUS was expressed predominately in leaves, and also lesser degree in roots. The result of PCR suggest that BAR、KC1、CAF1 was detected and also the KCTB was contained in genome of Lycium barbarum. L.

  Progress on the mechanism of aluminum tolerance in rice Ge Min1,2, Wang Hua2, Tao Yuezhi2 2010, 26 (9):  78-81.  Abstract + ( 1316 )   PDF ( 419626KB )   ( 1351 ) Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the major factor limiting crop production on acidic soils. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most Al resistant species among the small-grain cereal crops, but the mechanisms for Al tolerance are still poorly understood. In the present review, we summarized the symptoms of Al toxicity, the mechanisms of plant to Al tolerance, and the recent progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying Al tolerance in rice.

  Study on the survival rate of embryogenic test tube seedling of Coconut Zhou Huanqi, Xu Xiaomei, Huang Liyun, Wu Yi, Cao Hongxing 2010, 26 (9):  82-84.  Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 439871KB )   ( 965 ) Abstract:The embryogenic test tube seedlings of Hainan tall coconut were used as transplanting materials and the effects of quality of embryogenic test tube seedling,cultivation substratum, transplanting condition on the survival rate were studied. The result showed that the quality of seedling was the critical factor for transplant survival rate. The seedlings with developed root system and strong growth has high survival rate. The survival rates of normal transplant, less roots transplant and contaminated transplant were 86.7%, 29.5%, 36.4%, respectively. The optimal medium for transplant was the combination of grass peat, coconut fibre bit and river sand in proportion as 2：1：1, while the optimal place for transplant was culture room.

  Research Progress on Active Antioxidant Components of Plants Zheng Ruisheng1,2, Feng Hui1, Dai Congjie1, Hong Xiaobin1, Ning Qiurong1 2010, 26 (9):  85-90.  Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 545668KB )   ( 2710 ) The natural antioxidant can effcetively scavenge free radicals and protect body healty. It has become an inevitable trend to find highly-efficient, low-priced and low-toxicitied antioxidant from natural plants. This article summarizes research progress of the components which plays the antioxidant function come from nature plant in order to provide theoretics basics for the exploiture and utilization of the active antioxidant from natural plants.

  Study on Microwave-assisted Extraction Technology of Yellow Pigment from Peanut Hulls Wen Zhiying, Jiang Ruyi 2010, 26 (9):  91-96.  Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 692991KB )   ( 1064 ) Abstract: Yellow pigment was extracted from peanut hulls by the method of microwave-assisted extraction. Using single factor test and orthogonal method, the effects of particle size,the microwave output power, the microwave-assisted extraction irradiation time, the solution pH, material-solvent ratio and alcohol concentration were investigated. The optimal extraction conditions were as follow: particle size 80,microwave output power 360w, microwave-assisted extraction irradiation time 220s, ratios of solvent to material 1g:15ml,pH 3.0, alcohol concentration 50％. Based on these conditions ,the absorptivity A385 was 1.432 ,the yield was 3.26%,the color value was 8.6. The pigment is yellow and belong to flavonoid pigments.

  Study on the method of extracting and purifying process of astragaloside from Radix Astragali Liu Changfu, Xiao Haitao, Li Li, Hao Xiaoyan 2010, 26 (9):  97-101.  Abstract + ( 1070 )   PDF ( 566347KB )   ( 1325 ) Abstract: Objective: To establish the technical process for extraction and purification of astragaloside from Radix Astragali.Methods:The optimum extractive technology was investigated by using orthogonal design with the extracting rate and the contents of astragaloside as the indexes; The optimum purified technology was investigated by using single-factor test. Results: The optimum extraction condition is: Soaking in 10 times amount of water and decocting 1.5 hour eachtime for 2 times. The AB-8 macroporous absorption resins to the residue extracts had the best purified efficiency when 40% ethanol with 3BV to remove the impurity and 80% ethanol with 5BV to purify. Conclusions: The method is simple and reliable,and the extraction and the purification rate of astragaloside is higher, which can be used in industrial production.

  Content analysis of the Flavonoids, Polyphenols and Water-extracts in Chrysanthemum Zhang Jianyong1, Jiang Heyuan1, Yuan Xinyue2, Yao Yu2, Liu Hongyun1, Cui Hongchu 2010, 26 (9):  102-105.  Abstract + ( 1531 )   PDF ( 491893KB )   ( 1463 ) The contents of Flavonoids and water extracts in Zhejiang Chrysanthemum and Henan Chrysanthemum were researched. And this article examined in the content of chrysanthemum Polyphenols was determinated for the first time. The contents of total Flavonoids were 51.76±1.06 mg/g and 67.83±2.11 mg/g, and the RSD value were 2.06% and 3.11%. The contents of Polyphenols were 102.25±2.64 mg/g and 159.73±3.84 mg/g, and the RSD value were 2.59% and 2.40%. The contents of water extracts were 506.90±2.56 mg/g and 493.80±2.63 mg/g, and the RSD value were 0.51% and 0.53%. It may provide the scientific basis for extraction and synthesis utilization of chrysanthemum functional components.

  Effects of 1-MCP Treatment on western Pear Storage at Ambient Temperature Li Xuewei1, Zhao Chenxia2, Feng Shezhang2, Wang Hui2 2010, 26 (9):  106-109.  Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 595510KB )   ( 1087 ) The fruits of Conference were treated with Specimens, the effects of 1-methylcyclo-propene（1-MCP）treatment during storage at ambient temperature were studied. The results indicated that 0.25μl?L-1 1-MCP treatment on fruit ripening no significant effect, 0.5μl ? L-1, 1μl ? L-1 1-MCP treatment have meant that the after-ripening fruit was delayed about 2d，2μl ? L-1 1-MCP treatment to after-ripening fruit was delayed about 6d.

  Study on Withering and First Drying Technology at Primary Processing of Keemun black tea Ding Yong, Xu Yiding, Wang Yejun, Zhang Bihua, Su Youjian 2010, 26 (9):  110-114.  Abstract + ( 999 )   PDF ( 530547KB )   ( 1223 ) In order to study the effect of primary processing technics on relations between of major biochemical components and quality of Keemun black tea during processing, using high, medium or low three Withering wind-force or drying ways. The results showed that the effect of Withering and drying technics on hydrolysates, polyphenols and its oxide of Keemun black tea wasn’t obvious, through analyzing the experimental data of Withering and First drying research showed that available equipments had better suitability to regulation and control of tea processing. Withering way of high wind worked more efficiently, but ydrolysis weaker,the hydrolysates such as pectic substances, freeaminoacid and soluble sugar is slightly lower than others, withering way of low wind worked less inefficient, hydrolysis stronger, withering way of medium wind worked more inefficient, hydrolysis stronger. Enzyme reaction and hyther on slight treatment of first drying degree was stronger and had longer time, the major biochemical components such as soluble sugar, freeaminoacid and polyphenols is slightly lower than others. Medium treatment of first drying degree had higher contents of the major biochemical components, the proportion of theaflavins, thearubigins and Theabrowns was proportional. It was less beneficial to the formation of aroma while first drying degree located on high treatment.

  Effects of different fertilization treatments on growth and nutritional status of populus tomentosa plantation Hu Lei1, Li Jiyue1,2, Shang Fuhua1, Xin Ying3, Song Lianjun4, Shen Yingbai5, Zha 2010, 26 (9):  115-121.  Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 780024KB )   ( 1019 ) In order to search the best effects of plantation fertilizing treatment of Populus tomentosa Carr,the experimental studied the effects of plantation growth and nutritional status with different fertilizing time and regime by the orthogonal experiment design L9（34）.By measuring the changes of its growth indicators (diameter height ,crown width and a number of branches) and the nutrient content in leaves. The results showed that N was Mauritian. the effects of fertilization were in the order of N > K> P in the growth period, and the best N∶P2O5∶K2O fertilizing treatment recipe was 3:1.5:1.Diameter,height and crown width concentrated in June to 34.23%, 31.74% and 36.39% of total growing season .Fertilization treatments speeded up the diameter, tree height, crown width growth mainly concentrating in July .Compared with the control, the diameter, tree height, crown width growth was 147.06%, 23.26%, 45.71%.Fertilizer should be elected during the fast-growing pre-fertilization that is prior to June .If top-dressing, we should choose the period July .Fertilization affected the change of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leafs , where the changes of nitrogen was obvious than the phosphorus and potassium.The promotion absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were the best deal with Treatment 7 (N 240g / strains, P2O5 0g / strain, K2O 80g / strain), treatment 6 (N 120g / strains, P2O5 120g / strains, K2O 0g / strain,,) and treatment 5 (N 120g / strains, P2O5 60g / plant, K2O 80g / strain).Therefore, choosing a reasonable fertilization ratio and a reasonable period of fertilization can significantly increase the growth of Populus tomentosa plantations.

  Study on the Ecological Environment Services Value of Fast-Growing and High-Yielding Plantation ——Take Fujian province as the example Xu Fenglan1, Lu Jian2, Yang Lunzeng3 2010, 26 (9):  122-126.  Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 527066KB )   ( 1003 ) According to the methods of environmental economics to calculate the economical assessment value of eco-environment service functions provided by fast-growing and high-yielding timber forest by the methods of quantitative and semi-quantitative converting，and then with the monetary form to reflect the ecological service functions value given by fast-growing and high-yielding timber forest planted for the production of timber to human society. The empirical evaluation was applied to fast-growing and high-yielding timber forest in Fujian province as case study. The results show that the indirect economic value of eco-environment service per year，such as water conservation，soil conservation，carbon sequestration release oxygen，purify air，biodiversity conservation，and other ecological functions provided by fast-growing and high-yielding timber forest，is 54.892 427 4 billion yuan，but the direct economic value to provide forest products is only 8.815 4 billion yuan yearly．The results indicate that the indirect value of eco-environment service provided by fast-growing and high-yielding timber forest is far greater than the direct economic value to provide forest products．

  The Effect of Soil Nutrient Around Broad-leaved Trees on Phyllostachys Growth in the Mixed Forest Liu Feidu 2010, 26 (9):  127-131.  Abstract + ( 1074 )   PDF ( 461758KB )   ( 881 ) [Objective]In the paper the study aimed to study the effect of soil nutrient around broad-leaved trees on Phyllostachys growth in the mixed forest .[Method]the correlation between the spatial distribution of soil nutrient around broad-leaved trees and the growth of Phyllostachys in Tian Long Shan Nature Reserve Area in Chang Ning City in Hunan province was used.[Results]The results showed that:(1)The obvious differences of the mean DBH of all bamboo and new culms and the number of new culms existed in the different annular zone around the trees and in whole stand.The growth of Ph. increased with the distance from the broad-leaved trees.(2)The clear differences of soil nutrients were coincident with the distribution differences of Phyllostachys in the different annular zones around the same trees.the mean DBH of new culms increased with the higher content of soil nutrient.the evident differences of soil nutrients were seen in the same annular zones of different broad-leaved trees.(3)Except the organic phosphorus,all the soil nutrient factors reached the obvious level(p＜0.05) or best obvious level(p＜0.01).(4)The grey correlation analysis between the mean DBH of new culms and soil nutrient around trees showed that the influence order of soil nutrients on new culms was total phosphorus,soluble nitrogen,total nitrogen,soluble phosphorus,organic carbon,soluble kalium.The analysis also showed that the relationship between the mean DBH of new culms and all soil nutrient was obvious(p＜0.05). [Conclusion] The conclusion has great significance in Phyllostachys cultivation in the same areas.

  Characteristics of soil organic carbon storage and vertical distribution in different forests Yang Xiaomei1, Cheng Jimin1, Meng Lei2, Han Juanjuan2 2010, 26 (9):  132-135.  Abstract + ( 1180 )   PDF ( 499605KB )   ( 1234 ) Abstract：In this paper, we studied the content of soil organic carbon storage and vertical distribution about natural forest Pinus tabulaeformis f. shekannesis, Quercus liaotungensis and artificial P. tabulaeformis in Ziwuling forest area. The results were showed as followings: (1) Content of soil organic carbon for three forests respectively was: 13.67g/kg, 13.95g/kg, and 11.43g/kg. Soil organic carbon contents generally decreased with depth of soil, but decrease range was different for the three forest type. Meanwhile, great significance differences have appeared among different soil layers. (2) Soil carbon density in the three forest types change greatly, with a range of 0.53~3.53 kg/m2 for five soil depth intervals. Soil carbon density decreased generally with the depth, too. In the whole soil profile, the range of carbon density was 9.38-11.43 kg/m2, and 80% carbon concentrated in 50cm depth of soil. 3) Soil carbon storage is low in these three forests. The average of storage was 105.2t/hm2, and large differences appeared between stands.

  Study of utilizing Pyemotes zhonghuajia to control Semanotus bifasciatus beetles Guo Xin1, Xu Zhichun1, Xiong Deping2 2010, 26 (9):  136-138.  Abstract + ( 1379 )   PDF ( 464171KB )   ( 958 ) Based on mass of trials, the paper discussed how to keep out Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky) by making use of Pyemotes zhonghuajia Yu and Zhang. In outdoor trials, we fixed up Platycladus orientalis blocks(1m in length and 10cm in diameter) on the truck of Sabina in a wood instead of trying on live trees. Before releasing Pyemotidae mites, we put Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky) nymphas on Platycladus orientalis blocks as preparation, 30 ones for each block. The trials dates are from the middle of April to the end of May; we set two Pyemotidae mites releasing amounts and one blank as contrasting. The results showed that in Beijing the best time keep out the pest by making use of Pyemotidae mites is the early and middle days in May, when the average temperature of the day is over 20℃.As a result ,the reasonable method is utilizing smaller releasing amouts to control beetles as early as possible when the temperature is avalible.

  The Comparison of Chilling Resistance of Different Waxy Corn Varieties under Guangdong Winter Condition Liang Xuelian, Chen Xiaoling, Liang Jiayong, Chen Enhao, Wu Huiling 2010, 26 (9):  139-145.  Abstract + ( 1284 )   PDF ( 739196KB )   ( 895 ) Abstract: In order to select the waxy corn which fit for the winter Cultivation in Guangdong, 10 waxy corn varieties were chose from North China and two varieties from Guangdong for the control, they are Xiang Nuo618, Huang nuo Yi Hao, Ni Bei Bai Nuo, Yan He Jin2000, Shen Nuo No. 1, Xue Nuo No.2, Zhong Nuo No.2, Jiang Nan Hua Nuo, Yan He Jin2005, Nong Da Bai Zao Nuo, Xiang Bai Nuo, Guang Nuo Yi Hao. The blades on seedling stage and filaments on florescence were picked to test the SOD and MDA. By comparing the chilling resistance through the value of SOD and MDA, measuring the contents of amylon, amylopectin, protein and fat of the seeds, as well as tasting them, the waxy corns which with both higher chilling resistance and quality were selected. The results of the experiment show that the chilling resistance of the varieties Li Bei Bai Nuo and Yan He Jin2000 in sowing date one and Xiang Nuo618, Huang Nuo Yi Hao, Nong Da Bai Zao Nuo, Zhong Nuo Er Hao and Li Bei Bai Nuo in sowing date two were better than controls obviously. The quality of Yan He Jin2000, Xue Nou No.2 and Yan He Jin2005 were the best. To sum up, Yan He Jin2000 was the best one from 10 waxy corns across the country which suit to the winter cultivation in Guangdong.

  The Application of Grain-leaf Ratio in Wheat Breeding Liu Zhaoye, Yu Jingchuan, Jiang Hongming, Xin Qingguo, Li linzhi 2010, 26 (9):  146-150.  Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 503078KB )   ( 1144 ) In order to improve breeding foreseeability and selection efficiency, the conception, genetic characters, and the relationship with yield components and yield of grain-leaf ratio were discussed. We thought that grain-leaf ratio was not only an index to measure the coordination ability of sink, resource and stream of wheat population and the photosynthetic productivity per unit leaf area, but showed significantly positive correlation with wheat grain yield. The high grain-leaf ratio could realize the yield factors coordinated growth in high level. The grain-leaf ratio had high heritability and easy to measure, so it could be a practical index applied to wheat breeding.

  Review and prospect for linseed production in the world Zhou Yadong，Li Ming 2010, 26 (9):  151-155.  Abstract + ( 870 )   PDF ( 582836KB )   ( 1631 )

  The changes of morphine content in opium poppy under different irrigation Wang Junqiang, He Qingxiang, Lei Yaohu, Li Yanrong, Xie Zhongqing, Yang Zhenhua, 2010, 26 (9):  156-161.  Abstract + ( 1300 )   PDF ( 3378701KB )   ( 980 ) This paper discusses the morphine content difference in main poppy organs under different growth stages through irrigation treatments .The results showed that , at winter irrigation treatments, the morphine increase with the irrigation frequency during the period of pre- florescence, after florescence ,continuous irrigation can sharp decrease the morphine content in poppy shells . At free winter irrigation area ,just contrary , the appropriate irrigation frequency and irrigation amount increasing can significantly improve the morphine content in poppy shells in later period .

  Progress of Soybean Breeding for High Yield Wang Shuming, Meng Fanfan, Zheng Yuhong, Fan Xuhong, Zhang Yunfeng 2010, 26 (9):  162-166.  Abstract + ( 1271 )   PDF ( 479946KB )   ( 1380 ) Yield is one of the most important objects for soybean breeders. In recent years, soybean yield has been increasing obviously in the world. Super high-yielding cultivars of soybean constantly emerged and the records of high yield was refreshed time after time. Outlines on the yield potential research and the records of high yield and soybean breeding for high yield in foreign countries and China was summarized. The authors analyzed the gateway and strategy of soybean breeding for high yield and pointed out that the integration between molecular breeding and transgenic technique would be correct direction for soybean breeding in the future .

  The research progress of the circumstance factors on the effect of soybean isoflavones content Li Juyan, Yao Wenqiu, Gong Shaobin, Li Xiaowei 2010, 26 (9):  167-170.  Abstract + ( 1108 )   PDF ( 463440KB )   ( 1071 ) The main elements that affect the soybean seed isoflavone content is the heredity elements(gene) and the environment elements. The content of soybean isoflavones is controlled by a pair of main genes and some minor genes; the isoflavones content varies with different geography sites, different cultivating and storing conditions, different varieties, different years and different appearance of the seeds, in addition, the isoflavones content of wild soybean varies with sites.

  Evolution of Main Agronomic Traits for Southern Wheat varieties in Henan Province Cao Tingjie1,2, Zhao Hong1, Wang Xicheng1, Cui Dangqun2, Zhan Kehui2 2010, 26 (9):  171-174.  Abstract + ( 1105 )   PDF ( 486141KB )   ( 1076 ) The 20-years’ experimental data from Southern Wheat Group of Henan Regional Trial were used to study the evolution law of main agronomic traits of southern wheat varieties. The results showed that, with the postpone of released year of variety, the heading date and maturation stage moved up, the plant height reduced, whole growth period and the ear number/mu decreased, grain-filling period, the grain number per ear, 1000-kernal weight and grain yield per mu increased. The correlation analysis showed that the grain yield had significantly positive correlation with 1000-kernal weight and the grain number per ear , while had significantly negative correlation with maturation stage.which indicated that the improvement of grain yield was mainly due to the increase of 1000-kernal weight and grain number per ear .

  Effects of Rapid Biological Fertilization on Physiological Characteristic in Rice Transplanting Chen Xinhong, Ye Yuxiu, Wang Yunling, Zhou Qing 2010, 26 (9):  175-177.  Abstract + ( 1081 )   PDF ( 488176KB )   ( 957 ) Abstract：Effects of rapid biological fertilization on physiological characteristic were studied using general paday soil as CK in rice transplanting. The main results were as follows: the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein and root activity etc were significantly higher in paday soil with rapid biological fertilization than others treatments, but saline soils with rapid biological fertilization was not good for rice transplanting, effect of apid biological fertilization on rice transplanting was influenced by soil properties.

  Effect of Trichoderma aureoviride 1010 on chlorophyll and carotenoid content and Fv/Fm of tomato functional leaves in solar-greenhouse Chen Weijing1, 2, Li Runfang1, Yang Huanming3, Chen Jian'ai1 2010, 26 (9):  178-183.  Abstract + ( 1083 )   PDF ( 627849KB )   ( 929 ) Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mil1.) is temperate–loving plant, it was often under chilling stress during winter production in solar-greenhouse, and it's efficiency of photosynthesis could get serious influence. In this study, we determined whether Trichoderma aureoviride 1010 (T1010) enhances the photosynthetic physiology of tomato under low temperature in solar-greenhouse or not through soil improvement with T1010. The results of ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in data of the photosynthetic physiology of tomato functional leaves and yield. Among these treatments, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid of functional leaves during the initial blooming stage of tomato treated with T1010 had been increased by 34.37%, 34.67% and 32.19% than that of control, respectively, and the range of reduction of Fv/Fm treated with T1010 had been decreased by 48.73% than that of control. And the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid of functional leaves during the mid-term of gains of tomato treated with T1010 had been increased by 21.77%, 58.54% and 50.53% than that of control, respectively, and the range of reduction of Fv/Fm treated with T1010 had been decreased by 35.03% than that of control. And among these treatments, the dry weight of single functional leaf, weight of single fruit and yield of 667m2 treated with T1010 had been increased by 42.69%, 30.46% and 20.00% than that of control, respectively. It showed that T1010 had good influence on the photosynthetic physiology of tomato functional leaves and yield under low temperature in solar-greenhouse.

  Cadmium-resistance Evaluation on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Rice Varieties He Junyu, Ren Yanfang, Ren Mingjian, Xu Ruhong, Zhou Guoqiang 2010, 26 (9):  184-189.  Abstract + ( 1293 )   PDF ( 596973KB )   ( 1014 ) 【OBJECTIVE】 In order to elucidate the different responses of different rice cultivars to cadmium and provide theoretical reference for selecting cadmium-tolerant varieties and breeding cadmium-tolerant species. 【METHOD】By using the techniques of laboratory bioassay, the seeds of 12 varieties of rice mainly cultivated in the province of Guizhou were treated with Cd solution of different concentrations. The germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot height and fresh weight of root and shoot, semilethal cadmium concentration and lethal cadmium concentration were measured to assess the cadmium-resistant ability of rice by Membership Function. 【RESULTS】The results showed that the inhibitive effects on the seed germinations obviously increased with the increase of Cd concentrations. And the germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot height and fresh weight of root and shoot were reduced. The vigor index, root length and root fresh weight were more sensitive to Cd stress. There were significant differences in seed germination among different rice cultivars. Semilethal Cd concentration were 208~955 μmol/L, and lethal Cd concentration were 940~3678 μmol/L. 【CONCLUSION】In all the 12 cultivars, II you 808 and Chuanjiangyou 3 was tolerant to Cd, Zhongyou 9801, Yixiangyou 101, Gangyou 725 and Yixiang 1979 were sensitive and the others were moderately tolerant.

  Allelopathic Effect of Different Solvent Extraction from Seed of Taxus chinensis var．mairei on Cabbage Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Zhang Yanjie 1, Lu Shunbao 1, Gao Handong 2 2010, 26 (9):  190-194.  Abstract + ( 1518 )   PDF ( 563830KB )   ( 1105 ) In this paper, the allelopathy of the extracts of petroleum ether, methanol, ethyl acetate, aether and water from seed coat and endosperm of Taxus chinensis var．mairei was studied through bioassay method. The results showed that there are inhibitory effects in extracts on the germination and growth of cabbage, and the inhibitory effects become stronger as the contents of extraction solutions increase. the extract of methanol from seed coat and endosperm on germination and growth inhibitory is the strongest, and the inhibition rate is 100%, The inhibitory effect on the extracts of petroleum ether, aether and ethyl acetate is stronger than the endosperm in seed coat, the inhibition of extracts of water of endosperm is stronger than the seed coat. To inhibit the growth of cabbage seedling height, the inhibition of extracts of water of seed coat is stronger than the endosperm in low concentrations, high-density processing is the opposite. To inhibit the growth of cabbage root length, the inhibition of extracts of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate of seed coat is stronger than the endosperm, and the inhibition of extracts of aether and water is the opposite. The inhibitory effects of endosperm extractions to the growth of cabbage seedling height can be taxised as, in turn from strong to weak, the extraction phase of methanol, ethyl acetate, aether, petroleum ether and water; those to the growth of cabbage seedling root and germination percentage can be taxised as, methanol, aether, ethyl acetate, water and petroleum ether. The inhibitory effects of seed coat extraction solutions to the growth of cabbage seedling height and root can be taxised as, of methanol, of petroleum ether, of ethyl acetate, of aether and of water. those to the growth of cabbage seedling germination percentage can be taxised as, methanol, aether, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and water.

  Studies on Silicon Increased Drought Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings Zhou Xiujie 1, Zhao Hongbo 2, MA Chengcang3 2010, 26 (9):  195-197.  Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 443389KB )   ( 963 ) Studies on the effects of silicon on leaf water content, peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content in cucumber plants were conducted in pot experiments. The results showed that silicon increased leaf water content, POD, SOD and CAT activity under adequate water supply, silicon increased content of soluble proteins, POD, SOD and CAT activities, decreased leaf water content under water stress. It indicated that silicon might be involved in physiological metabolism on enhancing drought resistance of cucumber plants.

  Application of Fluorescent Dyes in Calibration the Plant Cell Ca2+ Concentration Zhang Guozeng, Li Ruiling, Wang Qiang 2010, 26 (9):  198-201.  Abstract + ( 1311 )   PDF ( 437248KB )   ( 1498 ) Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of Ca2+ signaling as well as our appreciation for its ubiquitous role in cellular processes in large part, due to the development of fluorescent Ca2+ indicators. In this review, we discuss some of the most common chemical Ca2+ dyes that are widely used for the investigation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Development, advantages, limitations, selection criteria, loading methods of chemical Ca2+ indicators will be reviewed.

  Effects of PEG Stress on Plasma Membrane Permeability and ATPase Activity of White Clovers Han Jianqiu 2010, 26 (9):  202-205.  Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 648404KB )   ( 945 ) The plasma membrane (PM) permeability increased in white clover roots under PEG-6000 osmotic stress, and the amplitude of changes in drought-resistant cultivar was more sensitive than that in the drought one. the contents of K+, Ca2+ and H+ in root exudates changed with the plasma membrane permeability. PM H+-ATPase activity increased at early stage under stress, but dropped at late stage under serious stress in drought-resistant cultivar. PM Ca2+-ATPase activity changed like PM H+-ATPase activity.

  Advance on study of liming on acid soils Cai Dong, Xiao Wenfang, Li Guohuai 2010, 26 (9):  206-213.  Abstract + ( 1419 )   PDF ( 571693KB )   ( 1945 ) Abstract: It’s a serious issue that acid soils are widely distributed in the world. Liming is an traditional and effective method to amend acid soils. It enhances the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil through its direct effect on the amelioration of soil acidity and its indirect effect on the mobilization of some soil nutrients, reduces Al and other heavy metals toxic to crop growth, and improves crop yield and quality. Some recent progress on liming was briefly reviewed and some suggestions were provided at the end of the article.

  Study on the Effects of Potassium Nutrition in Nitrogen Metabolism and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Shen Fangke1, Li Ting1, Wang Lei1, Wei Jianyu1,2, Li Liuxia1, Zeng Xiangnan1,2, 2010, 26 (9):  214-219.  Abstract + ( 1364 )   PDF ( 616338KB )   ( 1043 ) Abstract: This experiment studied the effects of potassium in nitrogen metabolism and quality of flue-cure tobacco by different potassium(K2O) levels treatment(0kg/ hm2，90kg/ hm2，180kg/ hm2，270kg/ hm2，360kg/ hm2). The main results are showed, the activities of nitrate reductase, the nitrogen content and the protein content of leaves increased with the increasing potassium nutrition levels in a range of 0-270 kg/hm2 during the earlier stage of tobacco growth，and decreased with the increasing of potassium nutrition levels during the later stage of tobacco growth; The nicotine content of leaves decreased with the increasing of potassium levels. Potassium nutrition promoted the coordinate development of nitrogen metabolism，which made the carbon and nitrogen metabolism bloom. Under this experimental condition, the appropriate quantity of adding potassium is 270kg K2O/hm2.

  Problems and Solutions of Application of Soil Testing and Fertilizer on South Long-term Plant Wang Jingjing1,2, Wang Wenbin1, Luo Wei1, Zhang Peisong1 2010, 26 (9):  220-225.  Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 516637KB )   ( 1154 ) This article presented the overview of the basic principles of Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation technique, analyzed the application of this technique on south long-term plants, and point out some problems when using this technique to south long-term plants, summarized some issues and relevant countermeasures. finally, the future prospects of the application of Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation technique on south long-term plants were look forward.

  Effects of controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer application on rhizosphere soil microorganisms Zhang Zikun, Liu Shiqi, Qi Jianjian, Huang Zhijun 2010, 26 (9):  226-229.  Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 493873KB )   ( 930 ) A field-trail experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of single basal application of controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer (CRF) on rhizosphere soil microorganism. The main results are as follows: (1) Bacteria, Actinomyces and total microbial population in rhizosphere increased with the increasing of application of CRF, but Fungi population was opposite. Compared to CCF, 100% and 80% CRF treatment could increase Bacteria, Actinomyces and total microbial population in rhizosphere significantly, and decrease Fungi population significantly. (2) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifers, nitrifying bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria population under CRF1 and CRF2 were significantly higher than CCF. CRF3 treatment was lower than CCF, but the difference was no significant. All these indicated that CRF application could increase soluble nutrients contents in soil by improvements of Bacteria and Actinomyces and microorganisms that have physiological functions reproduction, therefore, the garlic yield was increased.

  Effects of Different Fruit-Setting Methods on the Endohormone Contents and fruit setting rate in the Florescence Period of Dongzao (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao) Ma Qinghua1,2, Xu Jiuru2, Wang Guixi1, Yao Lixin2 2010, 26 (9):  234-238.  Abstract + ( 3246 )   PDF ( 662264KB )   ( 5311 ) In this study, different fruit-setting methods such as girdling, tying wire and spraying GA3 were used in the florescence period of Dongzao (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao). The effects of those methods on both the endohormone contents (IAA、ABA、GA、ZR) in leaves, blooming flowers, young fruits, flower-buds, shatters and the fruit-setting rate were analysised in order to discuss the function of different fruit-setting methods. The result showed that, girdling and spraying GA3 could effectively improve the balance of endohormone contents in Dongzao trees, integrating the two methods could improve the fruit-setting rate of Dongzao evidently. The effect of tying wire on improving the fruit-setting rate was not as good as girdling and the effect on the endohormone contents had not obvious difference with control. At the same time, there were some shortcomings in the method of tying wire, so that this method could not be used on Dongzao.

  Comparative Study of Drought-resistance on three kinds vine of Ground Cover Plants Xue Yanbin, Qin Hua, Zhang Ke 2010, 26 (9):  239-243.  Abstract + ( 1241 )   PDF ( 676031KB )   ( 1081 ) Under different drought stresses, changes of the morphological, physiological characteristics are studied on three kinds vine of evergreen ground cover plants: Lonicera japonica, Ficus tikoua and Hedea helix. The results showed that the drought stress treatment could increase membrane permeability of leaf cells. And Lonicera japonica had the smallest increace. The activities of POD increased first and then declined, which in Lonicera japonica and Ficus tikoua were relatively high. The content of praline, soluble sugar in the leaves of three evergreen lianas increased, and also Lonicera japonica had the most. Finally, It was concluded that the drought - resistant ability of three tested species decreased in the following order: Lonicera japonica, Ficus tikoua, Hedea helix by a comprehensive analysis of fuzzy membership functions.

  Investigation and Research of Typical Plant Community Structure in Shenshuiwan Park Li Xue, Yan Hongwei 2010, 26 (9):  244-249.  Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 1169548KB )   ( 999 ) This thesis made investigations and studies of plant community structure according to the Shenshuiwan park’s 20 samples. It analyzed plant compositions, layer structure characteristics and seasonal characteristics. The results showed that the species composition is over concentrated and the same species is near specifications. Horizontal structure is flaky combination and poor promiscuity. The vertical structure includes trees、shrubs and grass. The most obvious advantage layer is trees. The advantage of shrubs and grass is poor. Although the park considered seasons in planting trees, the number of evergreen is still limited. This thesis will put forward optimized countermeasures to the existing plant communities of Shenshuiwan park through the structural characteristics of Shenyang common natural plant communities.

  HS-GC-MS Analysis of Volatile Components in Four Malus Wild Species Fruits Feng Tao1,2, Chen Xuesen1, Zhang Yanmin1, Yuan Zhaohe3, Wang Kun4, 2010, 26 (9):  250-254.  Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 514694KB )   ( 1065 ) To provide basic data for evaluation and utilization of Malus wild species, the volatile components in the four Malus wild species fruits, namely Malus robusta (Carr.) Rehd, M. prunifolia, M. toringoides and M. micromalus, were analyzed using Head Space Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry techniques. The results showed that, the most abundant components in the four Malus wild species and two controls (apple cultivar ‘Starking’ and ‘Fuji’) were identically (E)-2-hexenal, with hexanal, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal and ethanol as common relatively abundant components. There were some differences in main volatile components and their relative contents between the four species, although they had several common constituents, such as ethanol, hexanol, etc. There were also differences in volatile component categories and their relative contents between the four species and the controls, although the most abundant component categories in the four species and the controls were identically aldehydes. It was suggested that (E)-2-hexenal is likely representative component for Malus fruit and therefore may play an important role in the formation of its special flavor.

  The effect of various hormones to induce multiple shoot clumps from axillary bud of Phellodendron amurense and germplasm peservation in vitro Gu Dizhou1, Gao Handong2, Feng Ying1, Jiang Yuntian1 2010, 26 (9):  255-258.  Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 592614KB )   ( 869 ) The tender stems of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. was used as explant, studied the effect of various hormones to induce multiple shoot clumps from axillary bud of Phellodendron amurense, root of shoots and germplasm peservation in vitro. Uniform design experiments for screened the suitable medium compositions of in vitro cultured and germplasm peservation in vitro. The results showed that N6+TDZ2.86 mg?L-1 +IAA 0.03 mg?L-1 for axillary bud multiple shoot clumps from tender stem, the rate of induction was 99.5%; 1/2N6+KT 0.45 mg?L-1+IBA 0.10 mg?L-1 for rooting, the rate of rooting was more than 97%; N6+phlorizin2. 65 mg?L-1+KT 0.15 mg?L-1 for germplasm preservation in vitro for 45 months by the retarding of growing at normal temperature, the rate of growth was 0.74%. In vitro culture and germplasm conservation in vitro system of Phellodendron amurense have been successfully established by the methods of inducing axillary bud multiple shoot clumps and the retarding of growing.

  Effects of Grassing and Mulching on Soil Water and Structure of Pear Orchard Wang Qingjiang, Cheng Fuhou, Zhao Zhijun 2010, 26 (9):  259-262.  Abstract + ( 1137 )   PDF ( 460569KB )   ( 921 ) Abstract: In order to improve the soil management practice and overcome the negative effects of tillage on the soil water and structure, the soil water, bulk density and structure were studied in the farming, grassing and mulching Huanguan-pear orchard, using the randomized complete block design. The result showed that the soil water of mulching was significantly maintained and the longer the watering day the higher the soil water. The grassing soil water was not significantly different to farming soil water after the 20 days of watering. But the grassing soil water was significantly reduced when the watering day was long. The soil bulk density and solid volume were significantly reduced in the depth of 0-20 cm grassing and mulching surface soil. The liquid volume was significantly increased in mulching surface soil and the gas volume was reduced in the depth of 20-40 cm mulching soil.

  Function of ideal plant type in breeding of Helianthus Tuberosus L for high yield and good grain quality Long Xiaohua, Liu Zhaopu 2010, 26 (9):  263-266.  Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 552399KB )   ( 1006 ) The field experiments were carried out in saline soil of the north of Jiangsu Province to study the function of ideal plant type in breeding of Helianthus Tuberosus L for high yield and good grain quality. The results were as follows: 1) The fresh and dry yield of NY.1 was higher than QY.2 and wild cultivar in 2007 and 2008. There was no significant difference between 2007 and 2008 for every independent cultivar. While the yield difference among the cultivars was significant in both 2007 and 2008. 2) The growth of NY.1 in saline soil was better than QY.2 and wild cultivar in stem, divarication and height. The quantity of NY.1’ divarication was highest. 3) The yield of NY.1 with more divarication was higher than QY.2 and wild cultivar with less divarication. 4) The contents of R2 between the divarication and the yield of shoot, between the divarication and the fresh yield of tuber, between the divarication and the dry yield of tuber were significant. The more divarication of plant type should be paid more attention in breeding of Helianthus Tuberosus L.

  Effect on Embryo Development and Fruit set of Ziziphus jujuba ‘Dongzao’by Growth Regulators Spraying Liang Chunli1,3, ZhaoJin2, Liu Mengjun1 2010, 26 (9):  267-269.  Abstract + ( 1016 )   PDF ( 447483KB )   ( 862 ) Abstract: Spraying different variety and concentrations growth regulators by treating ‘Dongzao’ which is slightly Abortion with experiment material. The optimum condition about hormone regulating embryo development was studied at the stage of flowering. The results indicated that Spraying 6-BA(50 mg/L ~150 mg/L) can increased the seed rate of small fruit from 91.1 % to 100 %, and fruit set reached 18.3%（contrast 7.3%）; while spraying GA and IAA cause embryo abortion more or less,at the same time, fruit set raised up to 69.3%( contrast 17%),45.8% (contrast 14.6%).

  THE INFLUENCE OF FENG SHUI THEORY TO THE GARDEN LANDSCAPE PLANNING Lang Xiaoxia1,2, Xu Huan2,Li Xiaohong1 2010, 26 (9):  270-272.  Abstract + ( 979 )   PDF ( 469430KB )   ( 999 ) To begin with the skeleton of Feng Shui theory, this article analyze the basic principle and the influence of it to the garden planning, then make a research on the relations of the Feng Shui theory and the essential factors of garden design, point out the Feng Shui theory has the profound influence to the ancient and modern gardening theory, finally proposed that we should reject superstitious ingredient in the Feng Shui theory's practical application which can cause the outstanding cultural heritage reproduction to be magnificent.

  Study on the Vegetation Restoration and Create a Sustainable landscape -- As an example Hunan Lengshuijiang antimony mine Li Bin1, Chen Yuehua1, Tong Fangping2, Li Gui2 2010, 26 (9):  273-276.  Abstract + ( 1091 )   PDF ( 501895KB )   ( 1066 ) Antimony are mainly heavy metal pollution in abandoned woodland, vegetation restoration is to address the core issue of the habitat environment for plant growth lies in one of the most improved soil environment. Based on the premise of improved soil environment, give full consideration to the way in creating the landscape of plants, combined with ecological requirements to build near-natural communities, enhance species diversity, through ecology and landscape architecture, so that the original fragmented landscapes, "turning waste into treasure." China's mining waste land and other fragmented landscapes is huge, but in today's construction of ecological civilization, human-land contradiction dramatic increase in background, so this study, this type of waste to the landscape restoration has great practical significance.

  Population Dynamics of Endophytic Bacteria in Tomato Plant and Screening of Antagonistic Strains Wang Meiqin1, Liu Huiping1, Han Jucai1, Lu Tao2 2010, 26 (9):  277-282.  Abstract + ( 1252 )   PDF ( 1010617KB )   ( 998 ) Abstract：In order to study distribution and population dynamics of endophytic bacteria in tomato plant, 374 endophytic bacteria strains of tomato plants were isolated and purified from 3 cultivated regions. By conventional methods, these strains were identified as 13 genus. Among them, Bacillus,Pseudomonas,Xanthomonas and Entenobact were the dominant genus.The endophytic bacteria were the most common in the tomato plants. Results indicated that number of endophytic bacteria ranged from 0.21x104 to 13.82x104 cfu.g -1fresh weight，but there were distinguish between the number and variety of endophytic bacteria in different tissue，different variety, different ages and different cultivated regions. The number of endophytic bacteria was the largest in roots, followed by in stems and leaves，and the number and variety of endophytic bacteria in Maturity plants were higher than in seedling plants. Of all isolates，32 strains were known to express antibiosis activities against Botrity cineane , and 25 strains were known to express antibiosis activities against Fulvia fulva，20 strains were determined in vitro antagonism to both of the pathogens，there have been 12 strong antagonistic strains against Botrity cineane,but only 1 against Fulvia fulva.. Bacillus sp.were the dominant genus.

  Influence of Enviranmental Factors on the Development and Infestation of Peronophthora litchii Cai Xueqing1, Wu Changzhen1, Lin Tong1, Lin Na1,Xie Lingping1, Hu Fangping1,2 2010, 26 (9):  283-288.  Abstract + ( 1234 )   PDF ( 852156KB )   ( 865 ) Abstract: The influencing factors on the mycelial growth, sporulation , sporangia germination and infection of Peronophthora litchtii were primarily studied. The result showed that the optimum conditions for the mycelia growth and spores formation of P. litchii were at 24℃ and under light for 20h. The optimum illumination on the mycelial growth and spores formation were under light for 20h and 16h separate. The lethal temperature of the sporangia was 45 ℃, keeping for 10 min. The results also showed that the germination form and rate of sporangia were different when they in various temperatures, illumination, pH values and nutrient compositions. The best germination rate of the sporangia was from the sporangia which were produced from the fungus cultured on PDA medium (pH7.0) at 24℃ and under light for 20h. And the disease was most serious when the fungus infested the lychee fruit at 24-28℃. The results got a better understanding this pathogen and provided the theoretical basis for understanding the occurrence and damage of the Litchi downy mildew disease.

  Study on toxicity of thirteen pesticides against Hyphantria cunea 3rd instar larvae by contact action Yu Jinyong, Ji Zhixin, Wen Xiaolei, He Zidian 2010, 26 (9):  289-293.  Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 482482KB )   ( 1148 ) Toxic test of thirteen pesticides on Hyphantria cunea 3rd instar larvae by immersion method was evaluated in laboratory. The results revealed mortalities of larvae were all reached 100% with the treatment of 20% methomyl WP after 24h, three chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and 1.1% matrine?nicotine AW after 36h, besides 80% DDV EC after 48h. Followed, 1.8% abamectin Ec in 72 h gave 98.2% mortality rate on Hyphantria cunea (Drury) with the dilution of 4000 time, while 25% chlorbenzuron Ⅲ WP and 0.3% baoshuoⅠAS after 72honly provided 12.71%-39.99% mortality rate against the pest with the dilution 1500-4500 time .And the pest mortality rate was lower with the treatment of the other two bionic and botanical pesticides after 72h. Furthermore , toxticity regression equation of the thirteen pesticides on larvae was fitted well and values of LC50 were calculated.

  Migratory simulation experiment affecting with Cutting and pruning Deng Mingxue1, Tan Youlong1,Chen Guifeng1, Tang Mingli1, Chen Tengtu1, Du Yi2, L 2010, 26 (9):  294-298.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 471255KB )   ( 954 ) The author did a migratory simulation experiment affecting the citrus Psylla aim to investigate whether cutting or pruning trees with disease will affect the orchard on both sides of the road or the orchard near the village storing branches with disease in the process of short-distance transportation of the branches with disease other than driving the Psylla with disease to the healthy trees nearby under the condition of failing to kill the citrus Psylla effectively. The result shows that when cutting the trees with disease in winter, the flying-away rate of adult Psylla is 30.2%; However, pruning branches in winter and after dragging the branches some distance away and then throw them into the vehicle, the Psylla adult migratory rate was only 47.4% while in autumn the rate is 31.8% and summer, 44.8%. The adult Psylla citrus will fly away completely until the leaves dry and fall off from the tree. The lower the temperature, the lower the flying-away rate. Transporting the branches with disease in short distance will affect the orchard on both sides of the road and the orchard near the village storing branches with disease. Therefore, before cutting or digging diseased trees, the citrus Psylla should be killed thoroughly.

  Preliminary Report on Promotion Growth Effects of Three Mold Fermentative Liquid Li Ming1, Tao Bo2 2010, 26 (9):  299-302.  Abstract + ( 941 )   PDF ( 516106KB )   ( 809 ) Abstract: The effect of three mold fermentative liquid on maize and soybean growth was studied by pot experiment. Results showed: Proper concentration of mold fermentative had prominent effect on crop growth. Seedling height, root length, dry weight and chlorophyll content of maize and soybean were increased significantly.

  Cercosporidium sojinum in Retrospect and Prospect Guxin, DingJunjie 2010, 26 (9):  303-306.  Abstract + ( 959 )   PDF ( 442446KB )   ( 880 ) Cercosporidium sojinum occurs worldwide and is one of major soybean disease in the northeast of china, harming soybean seriously. This paper summarizes the current status of research on Cercosporidium sojinum.Mainly deals with pathogens,disease epidemiology, screening for resistance to pather genetic and control tactics about Cercosporidium sojinum.. Cercospora sojina identification of physiological race and prevention should combine with molecular marker and molecular breeding.

  The Effect of Culture Time on Activity of Cercospora zeae-maydis Toxins Wang Guiqing1,2, Zhang Tao2, Sun Hua2, Xu Xiude1, Dong Huaiyu1 2010, 26 (9):  307-310.  Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 527198KB )   ( 951 ) The effects of culture time on production and activity of Cercospora zeae-maydis toxins have been studied in this article. The mensuration of inhibition of radicle growth was used to examine the activity of the toxins. The results showed that the maximum production and the strongest inhibitory activity of Cercospora zeae-maydis toxins were obtained when it was statically cultured in the Fries nutrient fluid for 15ds. The maximum production of the toxins is 38.477mg/mL. The median inhibitory concentration on maize radicle growth of the toxins is 18.012%. This indicated that the statically cultured in the Fries nutrient fluid for 15ds was the most fitting formation conditions of Cercospora zeae-maydis toxins. The results of this study will provide the foundation for optimization of formation conditions of Cercospora zeae-maydis toxins.

  A Survey of Fruit-rotting Disease and Resistance of Wine Grape Cultivars in Penglai Cai Jianbo1, Li Xinghong2, Kong Fanfang2, Liu Zhengping1, Liu Suhua1, Wang Zhong 2010, 26 (9):  311-314.  Abstract + ( 1311 )   PDF ( 507509KB )   ( 948 ) A survey of wine grape fruit-rotting disease was conducted during the 2009 growing season in Penglai. It found Colletotrichum gleosporioides, Coniothyrium diplodiella, Botrytis cinerea and sour rot were responsible for much of bunch rot in vineyards in late August. The two former diseases were the most prevalent fruit disease at that times, Botrytis cinerea was on the second, Sour rot was a lesser rot degree than others. In the inoculation tests in laboratory, it showed that the unwounded grape fruits had lower infection rate than that of the wounded fruit and resistance to the infection of three tested pathogen (C.gleosporioides, C.diplodiella and Aspergillus sp.). In addition, five grape varieties differ in the incidence and disease indexes of fruit rot. Cabernet Sauvignon had the strongest resistance in the five tested varieties. Carbernet Gernischet took second place.

  Biological characterization and chemical on the control of Fusarium acuminatum pathogen of Polygonatum odoratum Zhou Yangyang, Yang Hongyi 2010, 26 (9):  315-318.  Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 532780KB )   ( 848 ) In order to study and master the law of the occurrence of diseases and prevention and treatment of diseases better,In this study, temperature, pH, light, carbon and nitrogen source on colony growth, as well as different types of fungicides on Fusarium acuminatum of Polygonatum odoratum to study antibacterial activity. The results showed that the optimum temperature was 28℃, and the optimum pH for hyphae growth was 7.0. The treatment of whole illumination could restrain the growth of mycelium, the alternation of darkness and light could promote mycelium growth. The growth of colony was the best with soluble starch as the carbon source, and glycine as the nitrogen source. Organic fungicides on Fusarium acuminatum pathogen of the inhibitory effect is the best.

  Screening Fungicides For Controlling Maize Seedling Blight Xing Huiqin1, Ma Jiancang2, Mao Tao3, Chen Guangquan1 2010, 26 (9):  319-322.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 511953KB )   ( 939 ) 16 fungicides were selected to control Fusanum verticilliodes. The results showed that 98% Diniconazole, 97% Carbendazim, 70% Carbendazim?Thiram WP and 80% Diniconazole ? Thiram?ZiramWP effected significantly Fusanum verticilliodes. Testing of toxicity indicated that the toxicity of 98% Diniconazole and 97% Carbendazim were great higher than that of 70% Carbendazim? Thiram WP and 80% Diniconazole ? Thiram? ZiramWP. 98% Diniconazole impacted greatly seedling growth, which reduced significantly weight of root, stem fresh weight, height, germination rate and germination potential. 97% Carbendazim coating seed didn’t effect seedling growth. Therefore, 98% Diniconazole can spary leaves during seedling to control Maize Seedling Blight , but dealt with maize seeds carefully. 97% Carbendazim can deal with seeds or spary leaves during seedling to control Maize Seedling Blight.

  The Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activities of Different Corn Intercropping System Jiang Li, Chen Yuanquan, Sui Peng, Luan Chen, Zhang Min, 2010, 26 (9):  326-330.  Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 528407KB )   ( 1225 ) In order to reveal soil biochemical environment of underground in Corn intecropping system, Using field experiment, the dynamic Changes in activities of three kinds of rhizosphere soil enzyme were assayed during different growth-stages of corn in different intercropping system. The results showed that,(1)As the development of the corn, the activities of rhizosphere urease, hydrodgen peroxidase and akline phosphatase peaked at bugle stage in the 4 treatments: single maize and maize intercropping with sunflower, peanut or sweet potato;(2) During the whole life of corn, the activities of urease, hydrodgen peroxidase in the 4 treatments showed:maize|| peanut>maize || sweet potato>maize ||sunflower>single maize, and the difference is significant (p<0.05)at bugle stage. The akline phosphatase activity in the maize || peanut is higher than that in the single maize with the growth of corn, Moreover, the maize|| sunflower showed the same regularity at seeding stage and maturity, but which in the maize||sweet potato is lower than in the single maize, except for bugle stage; (3)Intercropping system had significantly higher yield.

  Azolla and vegetable Experimental study on the initial integration in the CELSS system Yang Youquan, Chen Min, Deng Sufang 2010, 26 (9):  331-334.  Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 610370KB )   ( 851 ) higher plant such as lettuce CELSS system in wet cultivation device dependent。photosynthesis efficiency of Azolla and vegetable comparative test results show that：in the different growth stages，the photosynthesis efficiency of lettuce is not the same as； 5 days after planting of the lettuce the photosynthesis efficiency no as the Azolla；15 days after planting of lettuce the photosynthesis efficiency considerable as Azolla。In existing raises in the wet cultivation device dependent to plant 2-3 kind of different vegetables, the preliminary conformity testing, still did not discovery between lettuce and Azolla has the harmful incompatibility。

  Screening of Intercropping Forages in Mountainous Orchard Wu Quancong1, Zhen Shihua2, Zhou Guohua3 2010, 26 (9):  335-338.  Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 476107KB )   ( 1021 ) Four kinds of forages(Trifolium repens , Medicago sativa, Lolium perenne, Paspalum notatum)intercropped with mountainous peach orchard were studied in south of Zhejiang province, compared with moderate keeping natural grass and clean tillage. The result indicated that four forages verities have obvious effect on environment, soil fertility, and economic benefits of orchard. Among four forages, the T.repens grow better and faster, the yield is 39000kg/hm2, which has best effect on thermoregulation, water and soil conservation, soil fertility improvement and economic benefits of peach orchard and suit for application in orchard of south of Zhejiang province.

  Analysis on the climate and phenophase changes in xinzhou of Shanxi Province. Li Yan1,2, Zheng Youfei1, Wang Zhiwei3, Zhang Jianling4 2010, 26 (9):  339-345.  Abstract + ( 1236 )   PDF ( 910523KB )   ( 974 )

  The influence of the different pretreatment on the efficiency of the enzymatic degradation of the sweet sorghum straw Sun Lin, Gao Huijun, Bao Lide 2010, 26 (9):  346-351.  Abstract + ( 1279 )   PDF ( 578048KB )   ( 2404 ) Various pretreatments for the sweet sorghum straw were carried out, including mechanical processing、 heat treatment、 ultrasonic treatment、inorganic solvent treatment, and organic solvent treatment. The influence of the different pretreatment on the efficiency of the enzymatic degradation of the sweet sorghum straw cellulose was compared. The efficiency was analyzed as the following order: temperature ＞ ultrasonic ＞ organic solvent ＞ mechanical treatment ＞ acids/base in lower concentration.. In the heat treatment the drying and high temperature treatment condition shows the best efficiency with the result of each 0.1g of straw powder producing 8.3116 mg reducing sugar. Ultrasonic treatment in the absence of solvent (water) conditions produced more reducing sugar with the factor of 5 than in the presence of solvent (water) in the same time. In the organic solvent treatment acetone shows the best efficiency in which 0.1 grams of straw powder can produce 4.3736mg reducing sugar in 30 minutes. In the mechanical treatment the amount of reducing sugar increased with the increasing of the crushed mesh number. The results provided valuable suggestions for the industrial producing.

  Evaluation of heavy metal in top soil of different ecological function areas in Qingdao Qian Yi, Zhao Shigang 2010, 26 (9):  352-356.  Abstract + ( 1515 )   PDF ( 534679KB )   ( 1519 ) This paper have analysised the distribution and the pollution level of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in industry area, business area, resident area，agriculture area and tour area in the city of Qingdao；we evaluated the pollution of heavy metal in soil by using Mul1er geoaceumulation index；the concentration of Cd was higher than national soil standard two in every ecological function area, The content order of Cd is industry area (0.807mg/kg)>business area (0.748 mg/kg)>resident area(0.642 mg/kg) > agriculture area (0.532 mg/kg) >tour area(0.356 mg/k g). The concentration of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn were lower than national soil standard two. Cd and Ni are Mild–Medium polution in every ecological function area and their geoaceumulation index are one, the plution level of Cr,Cu and Pb are diffent, Zn is no polution in every ecological function area and its geoaceumulation index is zero according to Mul1er geoaceumulation index；Industry area, business area, resident area, agriculture area and tour area in the city of Qingdao are polluted by Cd and Ni,but not polluted by Zn.

  Climatic Change and Influence on Agricultural Production in Puyang from 1960 to 2008 Liu Jiuling1, Gao Chunjing2, Zhu Tengran1, Guo Ning1, Tong Xiaoyong1, Fan Hongxi 2010, 26 (9):  357-363.  Abstract + ( 1369 )   PDF ( 1207057KB )   ( 810 ) Abstract: To study the features of major climatic factors in Puyang nearly half a century on the monthly average, seasonal average, the annual average and decadal time, including temperature, precipitation and sunshine. And its impact on major crops breeding, growth and development of growing season and crops diseases and insect pests. Based on the daily climatic data from 1960 to 2008 and the disaster data of the civil administration in recent years in Puyang, the variations and the features of the major climate factors were obtained by statistical methods, including temperature, precipitation and sunshine. The results showed that the average annual temperature gradually increased exceptionally high temperature especially in winter. Climatic trend rate was 0.2033 ℃/a. The average annual precipitation reduced very little, climate trend rate was -1.087 mm/a, The sunshine shown clear decreasing trend, climate trend rate was 15.101 h/a. Finally we concluded that the effective temperature had double-sided impact on agricultural production. On the one hand, the climate change was favorable for raising the effective temperature of the effective crops growing period. The concentration of CO2 in atmosphere could increase wheat crops production. On the other, disadvantages were also prominent. During to temperature rising, the influence on scope and speed of crops diseases and insect pests would be significantly accelerated.

  Soil Enzyme Activity as Affected by Trichlormethane Shao Xinghua, Zhang Jianzhong, Lin Hong, Lin Guowei 2010, 26 (9):  364-367.  Abstract + ( 1279 )   PDF ( 631663KB )   ( 931 ) An indoor simulation experiment was carried out to study effects of trichlormethane on activities of four soil enzymes (catalase, urease, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase). Potassium permanganate titrimetric method, Conway diffusion method with soil in the outer chamber and boric acid-indicator solution in the inner chamber, TTC method and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) colorimetric method were used to detect the activities of catalase, urease, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatease. Results showed that trichlormethane had a little effect on catalase and dehydrogenase activities within the designed concentration from 0.03mg/kg to 45mg/kg. Soil urease and soil acid phosphatase had activities within the range of 0.283~0.977 mg/g and 0.168~0.742 mg/g/h, separately. When trichlormethane was in the designed concentration from 0.03 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg, soil urease activities were stimulated, while soil acid phosphatase activities were inhibited by 1.33%~115% and 2.5%~97%, respectively. It indicated that soil urease and acid phosphatase could be used to a certain extent as indicators of soil pollution by trichlormethane.

  Study on Evaluation for Land Intensive Using of Rural Residential Areas: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province Shi Shiyuan, Zhang Xiaolin 2010, 26 (9):  368-371.  Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 631896KB )   ( 862 ) On the basis of study scheme and technology route of evaluation system, an evaluating index system for land intensive using of the rural residential areas has been established. A case study in Jiangsu province is described in 2005.The results showed that the distribution of evaluating values of 65 regions in Jiangsu Province is from 18.3 to 83.4, and obeys the normal distribution. The intensive degree of the rural residential areas is differences in the spatial distribution, and decreases generally from south to north of Jiangsu Province. In different regions，measures adaptable to local conditions should be taked to promote the intensive degree of the rural residential areas adjust measures to local conditions.

  Research Progress on Characteristics and effect of Soil and Areca catechu L. Nutrients in Hai nan Lu Lilan 1,2, Gan Bingchun1,2, Xu Minghui1,2 2010, 26 (9):  372-376.  Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 465218KB )   ( 989 ) With the expansion of Areca catechu L. cultivated area and its industrial development, soil nutrients of Areca catechu L., such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other nutritional elements greatly decreased， so that the plant didn’t get adequate nutrients, and not to meet the requirements of plant growth and fruit, resulting in a low yield. When in serious shortage of nutrient elements, Areca catechu L. became yellow and has low resistivity in desease and pest, this caused life-span of the plant shorten. Therefore, study on soil conditions and nutrient status of different regions normal Areca catechu L. in Hainan, and analysis of characteristics of soil and Areca catechu L. nutrients, should be of great concern, aimed to make a reasonable and sciense fertilizer measure and timely added to the palnt nutrients, thereby increasing the Areca catechu L. yield and quality, and enhancing the ability of resisting disease and pest. Therefore, this article summarized the current status of Areca catechu L. soil fertility, the nutritional characteristics of Areca catechu L. plant, and the effect of soil and plant nutrients on yellow leaf diseases of Areca catechu L.

  GIS/RS-based Zoning and Analysis of Flood Disaster Risk in Tianjin Liu Deyi1, Fu Ning2, Li Mingcai1,Yang Yanjuan1 2010, 26 (9):  377-381.  Abstract + ( 1355 )   PDF ( 919249KB )   ( 1185 ) Based on geography information system, methodology of flood and waterlogging disaster risk indexand models of flood and waterlogging disaster risk assessment, the flood risk indexes are calculated and flood risk zoning maps are worked out for every county of Tianjin by using the data of whether stations from 1961 to 2008 and integrating the factors of nature, social economy as well as disaster prevention and reduction in the province. The results indicate that the drought disaster risk was highest due to flat and many rivers in the most of Ninghe, the south of Baodi, the east of Wuqing and the north of Jinghai. While, the flood disaster risk was lowest due to strong anti-disaster ability and low sensitivity index of geo-hazards in Xiqing, Dongli, Jinnan,Tanggu and parts of Dagang.

  The Analysis of Civil Credit Behavior in Rural—A survey in Benxi County Liaoning province Tao Jianan, Hou Libai 2010, 26 (9):  382-385.  Abstract + ( 1246 )   PDF ( 431062KB )   ( 905 ) At present, civil credit, as a finance form, presents an important position in economic activities. Learning the situation of civil credit comprehensively and clearly plays a great role in promoting local regional economic development, pushing the revolution of local finance system and enhancing capital efficiency. From the survey of three topical hamlet in Benxi District of Liaoning Province, it shows the situations of civil credit status of base point hamlet, the causes, basic information and application, also, it gives some analysis information about what influence civil credit impacted on local finance market and pros and cons between them. The results show that civil credit still plays some significant effects in local economy. From the characteristics of civil credit, the outcomes of civil credit have some close relationships with local economy, culture and manners of living and production, which provides realistic basis for promoting and developing the civil finance market in this region. Finally, this essay proposed the advices and countermeasures about how to lead civil credit into regular developing track.

  Effect of isomaltose hypgather and yeast cell wall on immune function of soft-shelled turtle（Trionyx sinensis） Liu Kai1, Zhu Limin1, Lin Qicun1, Cao Haipeng2 2010, 26 (9):  386-390.  Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 520815KB )   ( 1076 ) 6 immune parameters, complement C3, complement C4, alkaline phosphatase(AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxidde dismutase(SOD) and Catalase(CAT) had been studied, after feeding isomaltose hypgather or yeast cell wall. The experimental results showed that feed added yeast cell wall, or isomaltose hypgather had impact on immune function of soft-shelled turtle but not significantly(P>0.05). Only on the SOD activity, the results showed significant difference(P<0.05). But the feed jointly added yeast cell wall and isomaltose hypgather can significantly improve immune function of the soft-shelled turtles, on C3, AKP, ACP, SOD and CAT ( P < 0.05),but not on C4 (P>0.05). Interval feeding the feed jointly added yeast cell wall and isomaltose hypgather had no significant impact on immune function of soft-shelled turtle, even worse than continuous feeding the feed jointly added yeast cell wall and isomaltose hypgather.

  On ancient agricultural literature in China Gao Hong 2010, 26 (9):  391-394.  Abstract + ( 920 )   PDF ( 441184KB )   ( 987 ) The paper firstly traces back the evolution of ancient agricultural literature,and analysis its value,pointing out that ancient agricultural literature is not only the necessary materials for reseaching the history of our civilization, but also the precious promote today's economic and cultural development.

  Study on Features of Wetland Tourism Products Based on Ecosystem Analysis Yang Wenqi 2010, 26 (9):  395-399.  Abstract + ( 991 )   PDF ( 532988KB )   ( 1060 ) Abstract: Based on the domestic and international review of wetland ecotourism research, Henan Xinxiang Yellow River wetland National Nature Reserve has been studied as a case. Using an eco-system analysis approach, it is found that the region is basically in the native state, has rich wilderness taste and has natural swamp eco-system composed of beautiful swamp, brook and lakes etc. Therefore, in the trial area, it may be considered that: Tourism products in line with ecological safety should be designed and tourism items focusing on nature, green, environment and moralization should be development; consequently, nature and human beings reach to a harmonious integrate state and there is a good balance between resource protection and exploitation.

  the Resource Reliance of Rural Tourism Development and Thinking Countermeasures of Northwest Hunan Qin Yonghui, Wu Xiao, Yu Xiaofeng 2010, 26 (9):  400-402.  Abstract + ( 1005 )   PDF ( 433282KB )   ( 904 ) In the current construction of new rural situation, early July 2008, the author in-depth researched the Xiajiaxiang countryside of Hunan Changde Shimen mengquan town, we found the Xiajiaxiang countryside has developed a number of tourism resources, but it has the development of space and great potential in rural village resources and agricultural resources exquisite, and need to develop reasonable. This paper analysised the resource reliance of rural tourism development and thinked countermeasures, from the concept of rural tourism start, as an example to the Xiajiaxiang countryside.