Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.26 Published:23 September 2015

  Study on International Trade Structure of Chinese Forage Products and Its Enlightenment Wang Wujing,Wang Mingli,Jin Baiyila and Liu Yufeng 2015, 31 (26):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060088 Abstract + ( 1171 )   PDF ( 1532KB )   ( 400 ) To study the historical trend and changing rule of trade amount, structure and partnership of forage products, descriptive statistics and quantitative methods were used to analyze international trade pattern of forage products in China from 1996 to 2014. It turned out that China’s imports of both alfalfa hay and oat grass showed a trend of exponential growth since 2008, and the import volume had a significant positive correlation with the number of dairy cows in large-scale farms. In addition, most alfalfa hay and almost all oat grass came from USA and Australia, respectively. So in order to ensure the safe supply of roughage, China should make good use of domestic resources firstly, and then use overseas resources with high quality as far as possible. Besides, oat grass industry was facing with great opportunities, so it could be developed based on experience from Australia to make sure that the quality of oat grass can be comparable with the international oat. Meanwhile, all kinds of resources should be used as soon as possible to strengthen domestic forage industry so as to guarantee safe quality of dairy products and the beef and mutton products.

  Effects of PEG-6000 Drought Stress on Seed Germination of Five Forage Grass Species Chen Xiaoqian and Xu Qingguo 2015, 31 (26):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010184 Abstract + ( 1832 )   PDF ( 1333KB )   ( 662 ) In order to understand the seed drought resistance of five cool-season forage grass species during seed germination period, PEG-6000 at the concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% were used as the penetration media to simulate drought stress. And effects of different drought stresses on germination of different cool-season forage grass seeds (Medicago sativa L., Trifolium repens L., Lolium perenne L., Trifolium pratense, Agrostis tenuis Sibth.) were studied. Four indicators which were germination rate, germination potential, germination index and seed vitality index were measured. The results showed that germination rate, germination potential, germination index and seed vitality index of T. repens , M. sativa , L. perenne , A. tenuis all decreased with the increase of PEG-6000 concentration. The four indicators of T. pratense increased at 5% PEG-6000 concentration. Regression statistical tests and hierachical cluster analysis showed that drought resistance of the five forage grass species was in an order as A. tenuis>T. pratense>M. sativa>T. repens>L. perenne.

  Effects of Exogenous Vitamins on Seed Germination and Recovery of Medicago sativa L. Under High NaCl Stress Liu Yanjun,Fan Jing,Han Xueshen,Li Bin and Zhang Yi 2015, 31 (26):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040074 Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 540 ) In order to provide basis for the production of Medicago sativa L. in saline-alkali soil, the author assessed the effect of exogenous water-soluble vitamins (VB1, VB2, VPP, VB6, VH, VB12 and VC) on the seed germination and recovery of M. sativa under 14610 mg/L NaCl stress. The results showed that 62.5 mg/L VPP significantly increased the shoot fresh weight after the recovery germination. 1000 mg/L VB6, 500 mg/L VB12 and 1000 mg/L VC substantially promoted the germination under high salinity stress, but had no significant impact on the recovery germination after the stress was relieved. 250 mg/L VB12 significantly improved both the germination under high NaCl stress and the recovery germination, reduced the mortality rate under high NaCl stress from 19.667% to 4.667%. VB1, VB2 and VH failed to effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of high NaCl stress on seed germination. The experiment showed that exogenous VB6, VB12 and VC could play a role in regulating the seed germination characteristic of M. sativa under high NaCl stress.

  Different N Forms on Energy Allocation in Photosystem of Mulberry Seedlings Leaves 2015, 31 (26):  18-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040131 Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 1640KB )   ( 454 ) Using forage mulberry (Morus alba L.) variety ‘Qinglong’ as experimental material, effects of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen proportion on Pn-PAR response curve and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and electrons dissipation of mulberry seedlings cultured in hydroponics were investigated under the same nitrogen amount. The results showed that under normal atmospheric CO2 concentration, some energy dissipated of mulberry seedlings by heat dissipation, when the NH4 -N:NO3--N was at 75:25 to 50:50, more energy was taken advantage by photochemical, and NO3--N increase led to the heat dissipation rise obviously. When NH4 -N:NO3--N was at 100:0, the value of J0 reached the top, and then the value of Jc got up to the top when NH4 -N:NO3--N was at 75:25. The distribution of excitation energy imbalance coefficient (β/α-1) declined to the minimum, while the distribution of excitation coefficient reached the balance. The (ФPSⅡ) got up to the top when the NH4 -N:NO3--N changed from 50:50 to 25:75, and the (ФNPQ) was at the minimum value. The study could provide the basis for appropriate nitrogen application in mulberry cultivation.

  Genetic Effects of TBX21 Gene on Milk Production Traits and SCC of Chinese Holstein Cows Meng Hong,Zhao Feng,Sheng Xihui,Qi Xiaolong,Chang Di,Xing Shuhan,Liu Lin,Li Junya,Guo Yong and Ni Hemin 2015, 31 (26):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050173 Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 1527KB )   ( 483 ) In order to identify the genetic markers associated with milk production and mastitis resistance, and provide theoretical basis for molecular breeding, 383 Chinese Holstein cows (all were the 2nd parity) were chosen as study animals. Direct sequencing and time of flight mass spectrometry were used to find polymorphisms in 5' and 3'-flanking region of TBX21 gene. Then association of the two polymorphic sites with the 4 milk production traits including milk yield, fat percentage, protein percentage and lactose percentage and SCC (somatic cell count) was analyzed. The results showed that two polymorphic sites were detected in 5' and 3'-flanking region of TBX21 gene. There were one A→G mutation at 1091 bp and one A→C mutation at 654 bp in 3'-flanking region. Both of them were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Association analysis showed that the 4 milk production traits and somatic cell count of rs207725545 loci AA genotype were higher than those of CC genotype (P>0.05). For rs110420592, milk yield and lactose percentage of GG genotype were higher than those of AA genotype (P>0.05), fat percentage and protein percentage of AA genotype were higher than those of GG genotype (P>0.05), and somatic cell count of GA genotype were higher than that of GG and AA genotype (P>0.05). The two loci of rs110420592 and rs207725545 in TBX21 gene had no significant association with the milk production traits and somatic cell count. Analysis of genetic effects on other polymorphic sites of TBX21 gene was needed in the future.

  Effects of Salinity on Fertilized Egg Hatching and Larval Growth of Hybrid Puffer (Takifugu flavidus♀×Takifugu obscures♂) Zhang Nianguo,Li Jie,Jiang Jiaxin,Pan Guiping and Zhou Wenyu 2015, 31 (26):  31-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040149 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 1536KB )   ( 397 ) To investigate the most suitable salinity condition for the embryo hatching and larval growth of hybrid puffer (Takifugu flavidus♀×Takifugu obscures♂), fertilized eggs hatching and larval growth were observed under the conditions of different salinities, namely 0, 5‰, 10‰, 15‰, 20‰, 25‰, 30‰, 35‰, 40‰ and 45‰. The results showed that fertilized eggs of hybrid puffer could hatch under salinity of 5‰~45‰, and 15‰~35‰ was the optimal salinity range. Hatch period (y) had nonlinear correlation with incubation time(x), the regression equation was y=-1245.366 15.543x-0.048x2(R2=0.911). The optimal salinity range for larval growth was 15‰~30‰, and there was no significant difference in the optimal salinity range(P＞0.05). All the results indicated that the optimal salinity range of fertilized eggs hatching and larval growth of hybrid puffer (Takifugu flavidus♀×Takifugu obscures♂) was 15‰~35‰, development and growth of hybrid puffer was normal in this range.

  Effects of Cold Stress on Biochemical Parameters and Ammonia Nitrogen Excretion in GIFT Strain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Wang Zhenhua,Song Hongqiao,Wu Fan and Wu Jinting 2015, 31 (26):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040160 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 1406KB )   ( 448 ) To study the effect of cold stress on biochemical parameters and ammonia nitrogen excretion of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), GIFT strain of Nile tilapia with an average weight of (232±10) g were cultured in water with temperature decrease speed of 1.0℃/h. The fish were randomly divided into two groups: a control group reared at water temperature of (24.5±0.2)℃ and a treatment group reared at water temperature of (14.3±0.8)℃. The experiments were repeated three times. Biochemical parameters and survival rate of the fish and pH , concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water were tested at 0, 4.5 and 24 h. The results showed that the concentration of blood glucose, muscle glycogen and lactic acid increased in the treatment group, compared with those in the control group at 0 h. Concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water also increased. However, the effect of cold stress on the fish decreased after 24 h. The results indicated that it might be safe to temporarily culture tilapia weighted around 200 g at the above temperature and temperature decrease speed.

  Diversity of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Luanhe River Basin in Summer Li Juntao,Li Jie,Zhan Fanbin,Zhong Jia,Xiao Shuang,Zhang Dalong and Wang Weimin 2015, 31 (26):  40-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030238 Abstract + ( 985 )   PDF ( 1725KB )   ( 735 ) In order to understand ecological integrity and recovery of benthic animal community of Luanhe River basin, a preliminary investigation of benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in Luanhe River basin was conducted from May to August in 2013. A total of 90 species, belonging to 65 genera, 11 orders and 7 classes were detected. Biodiversity indices were calculated using Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef abundance index, Pielou evenness index and Simpson diversity index. 23 locations were clustered based on the results of principal component analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that mosquito larvae species were most abundant, with 46 species accounting for 51% of the overall species, followed by 23 species of aquatic insects (26%), ten species of mollusks (11%), nine species of annelids (10%) and two species of crustaceans (2%). Biodiversity indices indicated that diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates was closely related to sediment type and the water quality of Luanhe River basin was lightly polluted.

  Effect of Calcium Nitrate on Physicochemical Factors of Sediment in Pond Lu Bin,Wei Nan,Yu Deguang,Xie Jun,Wang Guangjun,Chen Chengxun,Zhan Hai and Cai Yunchuan 2015, 31 (26):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040034 Abstract + ( 1316 )   PDF ( 1327KB )   ( 541 ) In order to reduce the influence of pond sediment on aquaculture water, the author studied the effects of adding Ca(NO3)2 on the physical and chemical factors of sediment by the method of simulate experiment. The results showed that NH4 -N concentration in interstitial water of surface sediment reduced after adding Ca(NO3)2, eventually reduced to 14.78%. At the same time, the PO43--P concentration in interstitial water of surface and deep sediment reduced significantly. And the reduction was bigger in surface sediment, the PO43--P concentration reduced by 85% from the 7th to the 28th day. The results showed that the NH4 -N and PO43--P in pond sediment could be reduced after adding Ca(NO3)2, and it had ecological significance for the repair of sediment in pond.

  Impact of Aquaculture of 2 Macroscopic Algae on DIC Content in Seawater 应苗苗,权 伟,,, and 2015, 31 (26):  56-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040102 Abstract + ( 1407 )   PDF ( 1388KB )   ( 477 ) In order to understand the impact of macroscopic algae aquaculture on the content of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and clarify the change process of DIC content in different conditions (light, dark, alternation of light and dark), Sargassum thunbergii and Hizikia fusiforme collected from Wenzhou Dongtou offshore were cultivated in laboratory, three treatments (light, dark, alternation of light and dark) were set in the experiment, DIC contents were measured and DIC change rates were analyzed. The results showed that: DIC consumption rate of Sargassum thunbergii was higher than that of Hizikia fusiforme under light condition. DIC release rate of Sargassum thunbergii was higher than that of Hizikia fusiforme under dark condition. DIC consumption rate of both Sargassum thunbergii and Hizikia fusiforme increased at first and then reduced under the light and dark alternation condition, and DIC consumption rate of Sargassum thunbergii was higher than that of Hizikia fusiforme. With the carrying out of the light and dark alternated process, photosynthetic consumed DIC and dark respiration released DIC converted continuously. Overall, the aquaculture of macroscopic algae decreased the DIC content of seawater and promoted the atmospheric CO2 transfer to seawater. With the harvest of macroscopic algae, a “removable carbon sink” was formed. The development of macroscopic algae aquaculture had important carbon sink ecological significance.

  Isolation and Identification of a Nitrogen-fixing Bacillus Strain 2015, 31 (26):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030114 Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 1758KB )   ( 536 ) The purpose of this study was to obtain a strain of Bacillus with high nitrogen fixing activity isolated from soil and provide excellent strain for the development of nitrogen fixing microorganism fertilizer. Strains of Bacillus sp. which could grow on culture medium without nitrogen were isolated from wheat rhizosphere soil, and the Touch-Up PCR (increased PCR) method was used to amplify nifH structure gene. Strains with nifH structural gene and high nitrogen fixing efficiency were rescreened by total nitrogen colorimetry. Then morphological analysis, physiological and biochemical analysis, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were conducted to identify the strains. The results showed that 5 strains of Bacillus sp. were screened on free nitrogen medium from wheat rhizosphere soil, from which a strain C2 with strong resistance, nifH structural gene and high nitrogen fixing efficiency was rescreened and identified as Bacillus megaterium.

  SSR Markers Analysis of Pollen Killing Gene Ki in Wheat Wang Peng,Zhang Jinwen,Zhou Kuanji,Qiao Yan,Wang Kaifang and Wang Kejing 2015, 31 (26):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040014 Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 1522KB )   ( 543 ) Wheat sterile mainly expressed through the performance of pollen abortion. The study on infertility material of wheat heterosis has great significance. Overseas research shows that among certain parts of the common wheat hybrids F1, pollen sterility is controlled by nuclear genome of pollen killing gene Ki. In order to screen linked markers of pollen killing gene Ki in wheat, modern molecular biology techniques were used to locate the gene, clone fragment pollen lethal gene linked markers, provide an effective selection marker for transformation of male sterility in wheat germplasm and study the molecular markers of pollen killing gene Ki in wheat. A BC1F1 population derived from the crossing between Chinese spring wheat and Australian spring wheat was used for molecular mapping of Ki gene. The sterile and fertile near isogenic bulks was constructed from the above BC1F1 population. By using Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) method, 85 SSR primers on wheat 6B chromosome were screened, and two SSR markers (Xgwm626 and Xgpw4138) were found to be linked to Ki gene. These markers could be used in fine mapping of Ki and marker-assisted selection. Two SSR markers Xgwm626 and Xgpw4138 located on the long arm of chromosome 6B were linked to Ki, and their genetic distances to Ki were 9.2 cM and 6.9 cM, respectively, indicating that these two markers could be used in molecular-assisted breeding.

  Cloning and Expression Analysis of Glutathione S-transferase Gene SoGST-1a in Sugarcane Xu Lei,Yao Yanli,Hu Xiaowen,Xing Shulian and Liu Yang 2015, 31 (26):  71-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040019 Abstract + ( 865 )   PDF ( 1671KB )   ( 495 ) The glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene from sugarcane was cloned. Its sequence characteristics and expression patterns were analyzed. This provided the source of gene in sugarcane breeding for drought resistance. In this study, a GST gene from sugarcane variety ROC22 was cloned by in silico cloning and RT-PCR, named SoGST-1a. Its sequence characteristics were analyzed by using bioinformatics software, and its expression patterns were detected by using real-time PCR. Sequence analysis showed that the full length cDNA of SoGST-1a was 702 bp, which encoded 224 amino acids. The predicted protein molecular formula was C1117H1750N300O328S6, whose molecular mass was 24.82 kDa and isoelectric point was 5.96. Hydrophobic analysis indicated that it was a hydrophilic protein. Conserved domain prediction showed that SoGST-1a protein had?two GST domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SoGST-1a protein was close to Zeta class GST protein of maize. Real-time PCR results showed that the SoGST-1a gene was down-regulated expression under drought treatment. The research results showed that SoGST-1a gene might not play a role in drought stress in sugarcane. These results provided a basis for further understanding biological function of SoGST-1a.

  Genetic Transformation of ProDH Antisense Gene Expression Vector Zhao Jingyi,Luo Dan and Zhang Xichun 2015, 31 (26):  78-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050016 Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 1726KB )   ( 712 ) Proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) antisense gene expression vectors were imported to ‘Naiyun 2000’ and tobacco by agrobacterium mediated leaf disc method. The tomato leaf regeneration system was established and optimized. Tobacco genetic transformation system was established at the same time which had simple operation, short regeneration cycle and high conversion efficiency. The experiment got 49 tobacco resistant buds and 177 tomato resistant buds. Specific primer PCR amplification was done in the validation, and 9 PCR positive resistant buds were obtained, including 7 tobacco resistant buds and 2 tomato resistant buds. It proved that the exogenous gene was successfully integrated into the genome of tomato. The experiment could lay the foundation for further tomato transgenic engineer.

  Effects of Different Kinds of Cling Film on Pleurotus ostreatus Fresh-keeping Li Wenxiang,Zhao Shufang,Fan Mingcong,Hu Xinlei and Sun Yanan 2015, 31 (26):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050078 Abstract + ( 1364 )   PDF ( 1530KB )   ( 600 ) The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of three different kinds of cling film, including low density polyethylene (LDPE) film, high density polyethylene (HDPE) film and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, on Pleurotus ostreatus fresh-keeping under the condition of simulated cold fresh supermarket shelf temperature and humidity [temperature around (14±1)℃, storage environment relative humidity around 85%]. The results showed that compared with the LDPE film, HDPE film and PVC film could reduce the postharvest Pleurotus ostreatus weight loss, maintain the high CO2 volume fraction and low O2 volume fraction in packing. During the first 4 d of storage, Pleurotus ostreatus packaged by HDPE film and PVC film had no significant difference with Pleurotus ostreatus packaged by LDPE film(P>0.05). But after 4 d storage, the sensory score of Pleurotus ostreatus packaged by HDPE film and PVC film was significantly lower than the sensory score of Pleurotus ostreatus packaged by LDPE film and the respiration intensity and cell membrane permeability were also significantly higher than Pleurotus ostreatus packaged by LDPE film (P<0.05). Under the condition of Pleurotus ostreatus packaged by LDPE, the fresh-keeping effect was the best.

  NIR Spectral Detection Model on the Coordination of Tobacco Chemical Compositions Fang Shicheng,Tang Yanlin,Fang Zhiwen,Wei Xiaonan and Liu Yun 2015, 31 (26):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040167 Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 1570KB )   ( 572 ) In order to explore the coordination of tobacco chemical compositions (shmuck value, ratio of sugar and nicotine, ratio of nitrogen and nicotine), the data of near infrared spectrum were pretreated by different methods. The NIR spectral detection models were established based on the effective wavelengths. The regression model was checked by PLS to cross training set. The regression model of shmuck value was established after median filter smoothing of full spectra with coefficient r=0.9861, RMSE=0.0548 in prediction set. The regression model of the ratio of sugar and nicotine was established after convolution smoothing and 2nd derivative of full spectra with coefficient r=0.9498, RMSE=0.9095 in prediction set. 30 effective wavelength data in processing array were selected to set up the regression model of the ratio of nitrogen and nicotine based on the better Norris first derivative array, which had the regression coefficient r=0.9202, RMSE=0.6947. The results indicated that the NIR spectra could better predict the shmuck value, ratio of sugar and nicotine and ratio of nitrogen and nicotine of tobacco.

  Corresponding Relationship Between the Coating Rate and Organic Chemical Composition of Paper-process Reconstituted Tobacco Zhang Wenjun,Qiu Ye,Su Dandan,Liu Jing,Zhu Ting,Mi Lan and Wang Yanhong 2015, 31 (26):  96-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050107 Abstract + ( 2221 )   PDF ( 1585KB )   ( 419 ) Based on the fact that the compatibility of some current coating rate determination methods for reconstituted tobacco in tobacco industry are not very ideal, the authors studied the organic chemical composition and their distribution in coating liquor and finished good sheet (on total sugar, reduced sugar, total alkaloid, total nitrogen), conducted a variation analysis of the organic chemical composition after coating and drying, and researched the corresponding relationship between organic chemical composition and coating rate before and after drying. Then, the authors proposed a method to indicate coating rate of reconstituted tobacco product with organic chemical composition. The results indicated that there was positive linear relationship between coating rate and the content of total sugar, reduced sugar and total alkaloid when the coating rate of reconstituted tobacco products in the range of 38%-46%, linear regression analysis showed that their linear correlation coefficients in the fitting formula were 0.966, 0.997 and 0.953. Through online random sample inspection, it was found that the average deviation of the measured and calculated values of the coating rate was less than 2%, which proved that the off-line detection method was an accurate and feasible method to detect the coating rate of the finished reconstituted tobacco. The research provides basic references for reconstituted tobacco industry and tobacco companies in the research of coating rate detection method, especially the off-line detection method for reconstituted tobacco products.

  Identification and Application of Biocontrol Bacillus B2 Against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Shao Baolin,Wang Chenghua,Liu Luxi,Zhang Jing,Zhuang Qiguo and Zhu Tianhui 2015, 31 (26):  103-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020087 Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 1527KB )   ( 467 ) Kiwifruit bacterial canker is a devastating disease, which is difficult to be controlled and spreads rapidly. Therefore, it has severely hampered the development of kiwifruit industry. In order to find a way to control kiwifruit canker, 25 isolates of Bacillus spp. were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of kiwi plant, in which 4 isolates could inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and the inhibition zone diameter reached more than 5 mm. B2 was the optimal strain and preliminarily identified as Bacillus cereus by morphological characters of bacterial colonies and individuals, physiology-biochemistry properties and 16S rDNA sequence alignments. 1×109 cfu/mL B2’s fermentation liquid was diluted 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 times for pot experiment. By spray method, after 30 days the control effect reached 90.45%, 86.52% and 80.90%, 67.98% and 47.19% and 15.73%, respectively. After 60 days, with the emergence of new disease spot, old spots became larger than before, but compared with CK, spot increase rate slowed down significantly. Field experiment showed that the strain B2 was a potential biocontrol Bacillus against P. syringae pv. actinidiae, 50 times dilution of B2’s fermentation raw liquid by spraying or 100 times by smearing could effectively reduce the hazards of kiwifruit bacterial canker.

  Preliminary Study on the Occurrence Regularity of Main Diseases and Pests on Perilla frutescens var. Crispa Under Artificial Cultivation in Beijing Yue Jin,Ma Xuan,Dong Jie,Yang Jianguo,Qiao Yan,Du Gang and Liu Yan 2015, 31 (26):  109-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030155 Abstract + ( 963 )   PDF ( 1563KB )   ( 448 ) In order to define the occurrence regularity of main diseases and pests on Perilla frutescens var. Crispa. in Beijing, the monitoring methods of light trap and sample surveys were used in both open field and greenhouse for two years. In the open field, Pyrausta phoenicealis Hubner and Spodoptera exigua Hubner were the main pests, and the damage peak appeared from July to August. In the greenhouse, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood and Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval were the main pests, and the damage peak appeared from June to September. The common diseases on Perilla frutescens var. Crispa was spot blight. It occurred from June to October and the most serious period was from July to September in the open field. In greenhouse, it occurred from May to October and the most serious period appeared from late July to late September. Common pests and diseases in the open field were Pyrausta phoenicealis Hubner, Spodoptera exigua Hubner and spot blight. Common pests and diseases in the greenhouse were Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval. and spot blight.

  Investigation Report on Soybean Root Rot in Sanjiang Plain Area 2015, 31 (26):  113-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050150 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 1313KB )   ( 662 ) In order to confirm the severity of soybean root rot in Sanjiang Plain area, investigation of soybean root rot at the cities and farms belonging to Sanjiang Plain was carried out in 2014, incidence and disease index were calculated. Samples of soybean root rot were collected at the same time. After fungal isolation and culture, 10 species belonging to 3 genera connected with soybean root rot were identified. The predominant genus was Fusarium with isolation rate for 29.92%. The predominant species of Fusarium was F. oxysporum with isolation rate of 65.75%. Investigation results showed that incidence and disease index of soybean root rot were higher in block with high water content and continuous cropping.

  Coordination Analysis of Urbanization Level and Cultivated Land Resources in Xingyang City Yang Hong,Zhang Shaokai,Wei Xiaoyu,Wang Limin,Sun Huan and Zhu Jiawei 2015, 31 (26):  117-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040174 Abstract + ( 1182 )   PDF ( 1409KB )   ( 816 ) The exploration of the relationship between urbanization level and cultivated land resources change in urbanization process in Xingyang City is benefit to the correct understanding of the relationship between economic development and cultivated land resources protection, which could provide reference for the harmonious development of urbanization level and cultivated land resources in Xingyang City. The dependency and harmony of urbanization level and cultivated land resources change were analyzed by the methods of regression analysis and coordination degree analysis based on the statistic data from 1995 to 2014. The results showed that urbanization level in Xingyang in this 20 years was 0.253 to 0.470 which had an increase trend, while cultivated land area changed from 4.073×104 to 4.593×104 hm2, which reduced annually. The urbanization level and cultivated land resources change had a significantly negative correlation at 0.01 level and the correlation coefficient was -0.726. The harmony between urbanization level and cultivated land had periodicity, which showed a tendency of “basically coordinated→ uncoordinated→fundamentally coordinated→ reluctantly coordinated”.

  Evaluation of Land Eco-security of Sichuan Province Based on Entropy Weight and Matter Element Model Chang Tingting,Jiang Shizhong and Peng Wenfu 2015, 31 (26):  122-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050119 Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 1332KB )   ( 449 ) In order to understand the status of land eco-security of Sichuan Province, evaluation index system based on P-S-R model was built, land eco-security of 18 cities in Sichuan Province was evaluated with the method of entropy weight and matter element. The results showed that: the land eco-security level of Chengdu was “criticality safety”, the land eco-security level of Zigong, Luzhou, Guangyuan, Neijiang and Dazhou transformed to “safety”, the land eco-security level of Panzhihua, Deyang, Mianyang, Suining, Leshan, Nanchong, Meishan, Yibin, Bazhong and Ziyang transformed to “safer”, the land eco-security level of Guangan and Yaan transformed to “less safe”. Combined with single index correlation degree and comprehensive correlation degree, land eco-security of every city of Sichuan Province tended to be good.

  Effects of Transgenic Bt Crops on Soil Animals Zang Huaimin,Zhao Jianning,Li Gang,Xiu Weiming and Yang Dianlin 2015, 31 (26):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030232 Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 553 ) Transgenic Bt crops are commercial crops transformed with insecticidal genes which are derived from Bacillus thuringiensis, and they can produce a kind of insecticidal toxin to kill pests. With the wide application of commercialized transgenic Bt crops in large area, increasing attention has also been paid to the effect of released Bt toxin protein expressed in transgenic Bt crops on soil animals. Bt toxin protein may enter into soil ecosystem by several ways, such as root exudates, crop residues remaining in the field after harvest, and pollen spread during the flowering season. After entering into soil, Bt toxin protein may combine with the active particles in the soil. And the combined proteins are less likely to be degraded by soil organisms and soil enzyme. This combination leads to retention and enrichment of Bt toxin proteins and then may produce potential risk to non-target animals in the soil. The author systematically reviewed the latest research progress of the effects of Bt toxin proteins on soil animals, such as earthworm, nematode, etc, to provide reference for ecological risk assessments of transgenic Bt crops on soil ecosystem.

  Effects of Citrate Acid Soluble Potash Fertilizer on Growth and Pb and Cd Uptake of Celery in Pb and Cd Contaminated Soil Ye Fangfang,Cui Zhenling,Chen Xinping,Li Rong,Meng Yuanduo and Zhang Yongzhong 2015, 31 (26):  133-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040035 Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 1716KB )   ( 412 ) The paper aims to study the effect of different potassium fertilizers on the growth and Pb and Cd uptake of celery in Pb and Cd contaminated soil. The results were obtained by pot experiments: with the same amount of potassium, citrate soluble potash treatment could obtain the yield which was about 80% of that under water soluble potash treatment in Pb and Cd contaminated soil; citrate soluble potash could increase soil pH about 0.6 to 0.7 units to reduce soil DTPA-Pb and DTPA-Cd content and decrease the absorption and accumulation of Pb and Cd of celery. Therefore, in Pb and Cd contaminated soil, citrate soluble potash could significantly promote the growth and potassium uptake of celery and increase the concentration of potassium. As for its special physical and chemical properties, citrate soluble potash could significantly raise soil pH, thereby reduce the availability of heavy metals in soil, and then decrease the absorption of heavy metals to ensure food safety.

  Growth Characteristic of Red Soil Crust and Its Relationship with Soil Splash Erosion Hu Xia 2015, 31 (26):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060080 Abstract + ( 776 )   PDF ( 4364KB )   ( 515 ) The study of the growth characteristic of red soil crust and its relationship with soil splash erosion could offer theoretical basis for the understanding of erosion mechanism. Through rainfall simulating test, soil slices were sampled and the erosion rate of red soil was measured, growth characteristic of red soil crust and its relationship with soil splash erosion were observed and analyzed. The results indicated that: soil parent material and soil texture were the main factors to the formation of crust. Soil with the parent material of granite was difficult to develop crust while it was more easily to develop crust when the parent material was red sandstone and quaternary red clay. Soil with more chad and coarse sand was difficult to form crust while it was easily to develop crust when there was more particle and clay.

  Study on Nitrogen Transformation and Composting Period in the Process of Cassava Residue Compost Hou Xianwen,Chen Xuan,Li Qinfen and Li Guangyi 2015, 31 (26):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050167 Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 1382KB )   ( 431 ) A composting system using cassava residue was conducted to study the nitrogen transformation and rotten degree during composting process, in order to provide scientific basis and technical guidance for cassava residue resource utilization. The results showed that during 30 days composting, the temperature reached 50℃ at the fourth day, and the temperature maintained above 50℃ for 20 days; temperature of nitrogen supplement treatment was higher than that without nitrogen treatment. The content of NH4 -N of chemical nitrogen supplement treatment increased firstly and then decreased; the content of NH4 -N of chicken manure supplement treatment maintained at 600-1130 mg/kg in the later composting period. At the end of composting, the content of NO3--N of nitrogen supplement treatment increased 1005~1740 mg/kg. The TN content increased first and then decreased; the available nitrogen content increased slowly, and tended to be stable in the later composting period. Ammonium carbonate was not suitable as nitrogen supplement. It could be concluded that the compost was mature after 30 days under the condition of natural ventilation and turning every 5-7 days.

  Phosphate-solubilizing Capability of Bacterial Strain Y1 from Fluvo-aquic Soil and Its Promoting Effects on Peanut Yan Xiaomei,Yu Li,Ye Chenglong,Li Gen,Wu Jun,Hu Feng,Jiang Ying and Li Huixin 2015, 31 (26):  150-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040148 Abstract + ( 1137 )   PDF ( 1492KB )   ( 531 ) Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can convert sparingly insoluble phosphate fixed by iron or aluminum into available phosphorus which can be easily utilized by crops. In order to study it, we isolated a phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain Y1 with stable character from the fluvo-aquic soil in Nanjing, China. We measured its morphological feature, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and determined its 16S rDNA conserved sequence. By designing an experiment of growth and fermentation of the strain, we explored the phosphate-solubilizing capability of Y1 under different culture conditions. In this experiment, we organized a pot experiment to study the growth-promoting of Y1 strain on peanut. The Y1 was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens. It displayed a better phosphate-solubilizing capability when the carbon source was glucose, the nitrogen source was NH4NO3, the medium initial pH was 6-8, and the volume was 50/250 mL in liquid volume in flask. The results showed that treatment of peanut with strains Y1 significantly enhanced the total length, root surface area, root diameter by 159.0%, 133.0%, 18.9% compared with the control, and significantly enhanced the absorption of N, P, K by 73.6%, 26.6%, 41.0% compared with the control. We isolated a phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain, which can promote the growth and yield of peanut and enhance the N, P, K absorption of plant. The results showed that there was potentiality for application of strain Y1 in agricultural production.

  Analysis of Potential Evapotranspiration Sensitivity Based on Gauss Random Disturbance Qiu Kangjun,Wen Huayang,Wang Gen and Zhu Hualiang 2015, 31 (26):  156-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030169 Abstract + ( 809 )   PDF ( 1709KB )   ( 507 ) The paper aims to calculate sensitive coefficient of various meteorological elements on potential evapotranspiration, with the daily observations from January 1, 1961 to December 31, 2012, by adding Gauss distributed random disturbance. Research showed that: on the year scale in Anhui Area, the sunshine duration and the average wind speed were the highest sensitive factors, sensitive coefficients were 0.1258 and 0.1089. On the month scale, the main sensitive factor from April to September was the sunshine duration, the main sensitive factors from October to March were the average wind speed and the actual water vapor pressure. The sensitivity of spatial distribution was uneven. The sunshine duration was the main sensitive factor for the south area of Huaihe, the average wind speed was the main sensitive factor for the north area of Huaihe.

  Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Water Requirement of Main Crops in Irrigation District of Ningxia in 1961—2010 Wang Jing,Zhang Xiaoyu,Ma Guofei,Zhang Lei,Li Hongying and Zhu Yongning 2015, 31 (26):  161-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040145 Abstract + ( 2131 )   PDF ( 1607KB )   ( 505 ) The study of spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the water requirement of crop could provide the basis for effective utilization of water resources and rational distribution of crop. Based on the meteorological data and phenological data from 13 stations of irrigation district in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regions, ETC of main crops (spring wheat, maize, rice and winter wheat) in the whole growing period and at different growth stages during 1961 to 2010 were estimated by using FAO Penman-Monteith equation and corrected crop coefficient, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of ETC were analyzed，then the irrigation requirement and water requirement rate of main crops during the growing season were analyzed. Results showed that effective precipitation showed a slightly decreasing trend in the whole growing period of rice and maize and showed a slightly increasing trend in the whole growing period of spring wheat and winter wheat. The effective precipitation of autumn grain crops was two times as much as that of summer grain crops during 1961-2010. The high value areas of effective precipitation were in Shitanjing, Lingwu and Zhongning, and the area with low effective precipitation was in Shizuishan. The order of crop water requirement in the whole growing period was rice>maize > winter wheat > spring wheat, the distribution of water requirement was similar to the irrigation requirement during each growth stage. The water requirement and irrigation requirement showed a remarkably increasing trend in the whole growing period and each growth stage, the values of high water requirement and irrigation requirement were observed in each station of Shizuishan and Zhongning. Water requirement rate significantly increased after jointing (striking root), the water requirement rate reached the maximum value at anthesis-milk stage of spring wheat and winter spring wheat and jointing-anthesis and anthesis-milk stages of maize, the water requirement rate was maintaining at a high level after jointing and reached the maximum value at milk - mature stage.

  Effect of Irrigation and Rainfall on Water Consumption Characteristics and Yield of High Yield Highland Barley in Tibet River Valley 2015, 31 (26):  170-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030149 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 1521KB )   ( 620 ) This paper was to study the effect of irrigation and rainfall on water consumption characteristics and yield of high yield highland barley in Tibet river valley. In pots, highland barley-25 of Tibet was used as the test material to provide eight water stress treatments: normal water, slight water stress, middle water stress, and severe water stress in two environmental conditions (the whole growth period water stress and the rainwater irrigation after filling stage). Test results indicated that water consumption increased with soil water rise. The maximum consumption of water was at the joining stage and filling stage. And then, the results showed that under rainwater irrigation treatment, the more the soil moisture was, the more the water consumption was. The water stress in whole highland barely growth period reduced biomass and yield. Compared with that of normal water treatment, biomass of slight water stress, middle water stress and severe water stress treatment was decreased by 29.9% , 41.7% and 47.6% , respectively, and yield of the three treatments was decreased by 15.8%, 43.7% and 57.2%, respectively. But rainfall after filling stage was beneficial to biomass and yield of highland barely. Compared with water stress on whole growth period, the biomass and yield of rainfall treatments after the filling stage were increased by 13%, 75.8%, 128.1%, 157.8% and 42.8%, 84%, 201.6%, 269.5% . The results indicated that biomass and yield of rainwater irrigation after the filling stage had compensatory effect for highland barley growth under water stress, and could improve the water use efficiency. Therefore, properly rainwater usage is beneficial to the increase of yield and water use efficiency of Tibet highland barley-25 under water stress.

  Dynamical and Thermodynamic Mechanism of Genesis and Development of a Heavy Rainfall in Liaoning Province Wang Taiwei,Wang Xiaoli and Liang Han 2015, 31 (26):  176-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020017 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 2539KB )   ( 371 ) Using the WRF model data, a heavy rainfall on August 16, 2013 in the northeast of Liaoning Province was analyzed in meso-scale for the dynamical and thermodynamic mechanism of genesis and development of a heavy rainfall. The results showed that: (1) the reason of the heavy rainfall was meso-β convective weather system, the “train effect” made the convective weather system following steering flow above lower atmosphere through northeast of Liaoning Province, that was the main reason of the flooding calamity; (2) the topographic force and positive vorticity advection divergence started the heavy rain; (3) the instable energy was deposited through the middle-level west cold dry airflow with low-level southwest warm humidity airflow, the vertical ascending motion and dynamical frontogenesis in the low level played a positive role in potential instability. Triggering mechanism of the latent instability was the ascending motion at the upper level.

  Analysis of the Multi-scale Characteristics of a Rainstorm on July 4 Based on New Monitoring Data Miao Aimei,Wang Hongxia,Li Miao,Hao Zhenrong and Lu Zhangyu 2015, 31 (26):  184-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060152 Abstract + ( 700 )   PDF ( 5315KB )   ( 350 ) In order to better recognize the formation mechanism of rainstorm in Shanxi Province, based on infrared radiation bright temperature, Doppler radar data and total air column water vapor content data, the multi-scale characteristics of a strong convectional rainstorm occurred in Shanxi on July 3-4 of 2013 were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) while the warm shear lines on 700 hPa and 850 hPa were meso-α scale triggering systems, the shear lines of extreme wind of automatic stations and cyclonic vortex were the meso-β scale systems which jointly acted to trigger the strong convectional rainstorm. And the meso-γ scale cyclone directly led to the heavy storm. (2) Between the shear lines on 700 hPa and 850 hPa, the cloud clusters emerged and developed near shear lines of extreme wind of automatic stations and cyclonic vortex, which directly resulted in multiple rainfall peaks of rainstorm center. (3) The vertical structure of the cloud brought Yangcheng Liaohe the first rainfall peak was the cold cloud top at a lower temperature threshold (-53℃) which was ahead of the area where the radar reflectivity was more than 40 dBz, while the cloud that caused the second rainfall peak in Yangcheng Liaohe had a vertical structure that the geometric center of the cold cloud top overlapped the region where the radar reflectivity was greater than or equal to 45 dBz.

  Analysis of Intensity, Track Characteristics and Causes of Fast Moving Typhoon ‘Kalmaegi’ Chen Weibin,Huang Rongcheng,Qu Meifang and Zhao Jinbiao 2015, 31 (26):  200-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050121 Abstract + ( 965 )   PDF ( 2354KB )   ( 551 ) This paper aims to further understand the causes of the north-west line typhoon and provide a reference for its forecast. Based on 1°×1° NCEP reanalysis data, satellite infrared cloud image data, and real-time positioning typhoon intensity data, the intensity, track characteristics and causes of typhoon “Kalmaegi” were analyzed. The results showed that “Kalmaegi” was driven by subtropical high’s peripheral airflow, different phases were influenced by the steering flow from different levels. The greater the steering flow was, the faster the typhoon moved. In addition, the intensity changes of the steering current might also be an important reason for the typhoon path swing. The downstream of “Kalmaegi” with weak vertical wind shear zone, the involving of southwest monsoon and the cross-equatorial flow, and the asymmetrical distribution of wind field were reasons for intensified “Kalmaegi”. The study also showed that sensible heat and latent heat played different roles in different phases. In addition, this paper further analyzed the possible reasons for the strength of “Kalmaegi” remaining at typhoon grade at the mature stage.

  Analysis of the Climatic Characteristics of Frost-free Period in Baoding City Li Yu’e,Gao Wanquan and Han Yanjun 2015, 31 (26):  210-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040005 Abstract + ( 997 )   PDF ( 2063KB )   ( 1024 ) The paper aims to fully understand the climate characteristics of frost-free period in Baoding Area, and provide a reliable basis for agricultural meteorological service. The author analyzed the distribution characteristics and changing trend of frost in Baoding in recent 50 years based on the observation data from 13 weather stations in Baoding. The results indicated that in Baoding Area, the first frost, last frost and frost-free period had obvious geographical distribution characteristics. The last frost date of the northwest mountainous area was later than that of the plain area, and the first frost date was earlier in the plain area. The length of frost-free period varied greatly across Baoding. Shunping’s frost-free period, which lasted 194 days, was the longest in Baoding, while the shortest was 139 days, which was in Laiyuan that lied in the mountainous area of the northwest Baoding. There was a big difference of 55 days between the two. For most weather stations in Baoding, the frost-free period had become longer with delayed first frost and earlier last frost. This prolongation of frost-free period is more obvious in Laiyuan, whose climate tendency rate was 5.84 d/10 a. The prolongation was the coordinated effect of delayed first frost and earlier last frost. Moreover, earlier last frost contributed more to the prolongation of frost-free period than delayed first frost.

  Changes of Crop Phenology in Inner Mongolia Under the Background of Climate Warming Xiao Dengpan 2015, 31 (26):  216-221.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050141 Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 1498KB )   ( 475 ) Using long-term observed phenological data, research on the trends of crop phenology is a vital approach to understand the impact of climate warming on agricultural production. In this study, the trends in wheat and maize for 1981 to 2009 were investigated based on phenological data from 13 agro-experimental stations in Inner Mongolia by using statistical methods. The study showed that the response of wheat and maize phenology to climate change was different under the combined effect of management change (sowing date adjustment) and cultivar shift. Across the investigated stations, while sowing date of wheat was delayed on an average of 1.7 d/10 a, maize sowing date was in advance with an average of 1.0 d/10 a. The heading date and the subsequent maturity date of wheat were delayed on an average of 1.7 d/10 a and 0.8 d/10 a. Although heading date of maize showed small changes, the maize maturity date was delayed on an average by up to 3.3 d/10 a. Furthermore, trends in duration of different growth stages for wheat and maize were significantly different. The duration from emergence to heading (VGP) of wheat was shortened by an average of 1.4 d/10 a, while VGP of maize was prolonged on an average of 1.2 d/10 a. Also the durations from heading to maturity (RGP) of wheat and maize were prolonged on an average of 0.2 d/10 a and 3.3 d/10 a, respectively. However, the duration from emergence to maturity (WGP) of wheat was shortened by an average of 1.2 d/10 a, while that of maize was prolonged on an average of 4.5 d/10 a.

  Climate Changing Feature in Recent 40 Years in Guangdong and Its Impact on Agriculture Yao Xiaoying,Wang Jingsong,Wang Ying,Wu Li and Li Rong 2015, 31 (26):  222-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010223 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 839KB )   ( 1210 ) In order to make effective utilization of climate resources, avoid disadvantages caused by climate change, and ensure the safety of food and characteristics crops growing, based on the climate data from 1971 to 2010 of 9 representative meteorological stations of Guangdong Province, the features had been analyzed about the spatial and temporal variation of temperature, precipitation and sunshine in recent 40 years. The results indicated that the average temperature had increased in each climatic zone of Guangdong Province since 1976 by an obvious trend, and the mutation point appeared in 1989, the average temperature had been declining since 2007; the average temperature also rose in four seasons, especially in winter and autumn, from north to south, the average temperature increased mostly in winter, and changes were small in summer; the heat resources increased significantly after 1990. The annual precipitation showed a decreasing trend, the precipitation gradually reduced in winter and spring from north to south, and increased in summer and autumn. Potential evapotranspiration was the lowest in the 1980s and was the highest in the early 21st century, the increasing was most obvious in winter. The change of the sunshine percentage decreased for 40 years. Climate change had a certain impact on crop growing, production, quality, plant layout and meteorological disasters, such as drought.

  Characteristics Analysis of Temperature Changes in Pulandian City During 1961 to 2010 Gao Yan,Tao Zhengda,Zhao Xiaoyu,Gai Xiaobo,Cai Dongmei and Zhuang Yongfu 2015, 31 (26):  229-234.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040038 Abstract + ( 1032 )   PDF ( 2628KB )   ( 336 ) Based on the monthly mean temperature in Pulandian City from 1961 to 2010, the authors used linear trend estimations and wavelet analysis to explore the characteristics of temperature changes in Pulandian. The results showed that an increasing tendency existed in the explored time domain. Respectively, the tendency coefficients were 0.24℃/10 a, 0.22℃/10 a, 0.13℃/10 a, 0.24℃/10 a and 0.41℃/10 a for year and the four seasons. The annual mean temperature had a oscillation period of 2-6 a and spring and autumn had a oscillation period of 5-8 a. Both summer and winter temperature displayed a prominent period of 3-4 a, and the oscillation period of summer and winter was 2-4 a and 3-7 a, respectively.

  Trend Analysis of Meteorological Disaster Risk of Facility Agriculture of Dalian in Winter Zhu Qinglin,Wang Li’na,Xu Mei,Sun Kejun,Hou Yanze,Yin Yuanyuan and Shi Yongchang 2015, 31 (26):  235-240.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040213 Abstract + ( 1116 )   PDF ( 1823KB )   ( 512 ) The paper aims to analyze the regional distribution and trend of main agro-meteorological disasters in facility agriculture under the background of climate change. According to the meteorological data of 7 stations in Dalian from 1971 to 2014, the climatic characteristics and frequency of cold wave, sparse sunlight, gale and snow disaster were calculated by the standards of agro-meteorological disasters, and the changing trend and spatial characteristics of the four meteorological disasters in facility agriculture in the past 44 years were analyzed with linear trend method and Mann-Kendall method. The results showed that frequency of cold wave, sparse sunlight and gale had a remarkable change from 1971 to 2014 in Dalian. Frequency of cold wave and gale had experienced an obvious reducing trend in the past 44 years, the declining trend of cold wave and gale frequency reached a significant level with M-K trend values as -2.33 and -7.11, respectively. There was a significant increasing trend of sparse sunlight in Dalian, the M-K trend value was 4.43. The four meteorological disasters in facility agriculture also had distinct regional variations. The frequency of cold wave of Changhai was 3 times of that of Lvshun in the past 44 years, the frequency of gale had the spatial characteristics as follows: the coastland and the island had more gale than inland; the area near western coastland had more gale than area near eastern coastland. As a result, the reduction of cold waves and gale in Dalian will benefit the planting structure optimization, but the increase of sparse sunlight days is a new challenge to the farmers.

  Spatiotemporal Distribution Change Characteristics of Major Disastrous Weather in Tangshan City in 2004 to 2013 Wang Guan and Wang Siyao 2015, 31 (26):  241-245.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040170 Abstract + ( 1391 )   PDF ( 1950KB )   ( 740 ) In order to find the spatiotemporal distribution change characteristics of major disastrous weather in Tangshan City and provide a theoretical basis for disasters prevention, the variation of spatiotemporal distribution of major disastrous weather in this city was analyzed by using the data of disastrous days in Tangshan Region from 2004 to 2013. The results showed that there were 5 types of major disastrous weather in Tangshan Region: fogs, thunderstorms, strong winds, heavy rains and haze. The temporal and spatial distribution of strong winds and fogs had a good inverse correlation. The fog days showed a relatively declining trend, with the high-occurrence center moving toward south, frequently occurring in autumn and winter seasons. The strong wind days appeared a growing trend in recent years, with high-occurrence center moving toward north. Strong convective winds often occurred in spring and summer, with the high winds occurrence areas mainly concentrated in the northern mountains and southern coastal areas. The temporal variation of thunderstorms and heavy rains had a very close positive correlation, with relatively stable occurrence days, mostly occurring between June and August. Thunderstorms often occurred in the northern mountainous area, with maximum occurrence frequency in Zunhua. There were about 1-3 rainstorm days per year according to the report of observation stations, with no significant regional differences. Haze days were increasing, mainly occurred in the middle and west areas in Tangshan Region. Haze was gradually becoming another type of disastrous weather affecting Tangshan Region, with very high occurrence frequency.

  Study on Extreme Weather Events in Linfen City Yang Jianghong,Wu Haiting,Guo Cuirong,Shen Cunliang and Gong Fuping 2015, 31 (26):  246-249.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030046 Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 1457KB )   ( 510 ) The paper aims to study the response of frequency and intensity of extreme weather events to climate change in Linfen, and the impact of extreme weather events on agricultural production. It is of great significance to the government’s decision-making in the future, and will promote the sustainable development of the local economy and establish a harmonious society. The author used the mathematical statistics method to analyze the annual average temperature, the daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, evaporation and sunshine, which were observed during 1954 to 2013 in Linfen meteorological observation stations. The results showed that: extreme daily maximum temperature had an upward trend, which increased with a rate of 0.06℃/10 a; extreme daily minimum temperature also rose, which increased with a rate of 1.4℃/10 a, and was consistent with the changing trend of temperature. The torrential rain day number, which was on the decline in general, had an obvious inter-annual and inter-decadal variation in Linfen. The sunshine duration and evaporation decreased from 1954 to 2013.

  Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Agricultural Product Supply Chain Based on the Network DEA Fu Lifang and Wei Wei 2015, 31 (26):  250-254.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020062 Abstract + ( 944 )   PDF ( 1351KB )   ( 515 ) To promote the rationalization of agricultural production resources allocation and improve the overall operating efficiency of the supply chain, comprehensive evaluation of agricultural product supply chain was carried out. In view of the traditional DEA method ignoring the inner structure of supply chain, a comprehensive efficiency evaluation model based on the typical structure of agricultural supply chain, namely Network DEA model (NDEA), was presented in this paper. And empirical analysis and model application to the present situation and problems of agricultural production in Heilongjiang Province from 2010 to 2012 were conducted. The results showed that the NDEA model was more efficient and could give more information and more reasonable evaluation results comparing with the traditional DEA method. The evaluation model was more in line with the network structure characteristics of the supply chain and the collaboration relationship among individuals, and could analyze the specific inefficient areas in the supply chain. This model provided scientific basis and decision-making reference for optimizing the allocation of resources and improving the overall efficiency and could improve the effectiveness and reliability of evaluation.

  Model of Grading Farmland Soil Nutrient Based on LM-BP Neural Network: A Case of South Anhui Mountainous Areas Wan Jiashan,Wu Yunzhi,Zhang Youhua and Yue Yi 2015, 31 (26):  255-260.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040114 Abstract + ( 1029 )   PDF ( 1878KB )   ( 440 ) The study aims to build LM-BP network structure (5-M-1) model by the BP neural network method, so as to achieve the division of soil nutrient levels and provide reliable basis for optimum soil nutrient management. Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) training algorithm was used to construct a three-layer network model (input, hidden, and output layer), which was used for soil nutrient evaluation. Criteria for soil nutrient evaluation were used as model samples to train and test BP neural network, and comprehensive evaluation of soil nutrient levels in Shexian County was made. The results showed that the output predicted value by LM-BP network structure coincided with the actual reference value. Comprehensive evaluation result of soil nutrient levels in Shexian County which based on gray correlation model and principal component analysis was basically the same with the simulation result of BP neural network. LM-BP network structure achieved favorable predicted results in its application to the grading of soil nutrient levels, which could provide a solid foundation for the application of intelligence algorithm in agriculture.

  Research on the Identification Method of Tea Grade Based on Mobile Traceability and Image Analysis Ge Di,Li Shaowen,Wei Tong and Xu Jing 2015, 31 (26):  261-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050120 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 1614KB )   ( 666 ) In order to solve the problem of anti-counterfeiting and quality identification in the process of tea quality traceability, we take Lu’ an Guapian as the research subject and propose a method of tea quality tracing combining mobile computing with image analysis. Based on Android operating system, the query traceability information was realized through scanning the quality of the tea two- dimensional code. On these basic, complete single photo of tea was obtained by the mobile terminal and then was uploaded to the server. Later, the MATLAB image processing program written by backstage preprocessed the collected images and extracted the feature parameter. Taking a total of seven parameters of the extracted colors and shapes as parameters sets, we utilized SVM classifier to classify the tea, and sent feedback results to the source client. Test results show that this method can help consumers to identify the tea varieties rapidly.

  Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Innovation Capacity of Agricultural Research Institutions Jiang Lihua,Xie Nengfu and Liu Shihong 2015, 31 (26):  266-273.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030009 Abstract + ( 1517 )   PDF ( 1692KB )   ( 563 ) The innovation capability of agricultural scientific research institutions will directly determine the progress of agricultural science and technology and the development way of modern agriculture. To objectively and comprehensively evaluate the innovation capability of agricultural scientific research institutions, the innovation process was analyzed, the innovation factors were explicated and an evaluation index system was built up in light of scientific theories on system and management. AHP and comprehensive evaluation method were combined to set up the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model which was applied to the national-level agricultural scientific research institutions. According to the results, the institutions were divided into four types which were scientific and technological innovation style, scientific innovation style, technological innovation style, and fundamental ability style. This classification method can not only adjust the direction and strength of science and technology system reform, but also implement classified guidance and management.

  Empirical Research of Land Ownership Cognition, Resource Endowment, Trust and Farmland Circulation Hong Mingyong and Shang Mingyang 2015, 31 (26):  274-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030013 Abstract + ( 736 )   PDF ( 1452KB )   ( 360 ) To study the influencing factors of rural land property circulation, calculation and fieldwork research on 404 farmers’ information in five counties were conducted from 2009 to 2011 in Guizhou Province. The results showed that there were at least three dimensions, which were land property rights, resource endowment and trust in the discussion on influencing factors of farmland circulation. Farmers’ cognition of land rights and resource endowment influenced their willingness of land circulation. Trust influenced not only farmers’ contract choices, but also the smooth circulation of land property.

  SD Model Simulation for Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Heilongjiang Province Zeng Bei and Hu Yucun 2015, 31 (26):  279-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040025 Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 1472KB )   ( 565 ) To achieve a reasonable development of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province, agricultural system of Heilongjiang was analyzed from the perspective of complex system and divided into four parts, including agricultural-economic subsystem, agricultural-technical subsystem, rural social subsystem and agricultural-environmental subsystem. System dynamics model for sustainable development of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province was established and optimized by the parameter estimation and validity check based on Vensim DSS software and “Heilongjiang Province Statistical Yearbook” and other historical data through analyzing the influencing mechanism and correlation among these subsystems. Then, the sustainability of each subsystem in Heilongjiang Province from 2005 to 2020 was simulated and forecasted. The results showed that sustainability of agricultural economy was the best, followed by that of agricultural technology, social and ecological sustainability of agriculture were the worst.

  Coordinated Development Degree Analysis of Urbanization and Agricultural Modernization Zhu Dianxiao and Hu Zhiquan 2015, 31 (26):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060126 Abstract + ( 1446 )   PDF ( 1515KB )   ( 450 ) To accelerate the development of urbanization and agricultural modernization is an important mission of the construction of ‘four modernizations’ in China, study the relationship between urbanization and agricultural modernization is the premise to achieve the balanced development. On the basis of the establishment of comprehensive evaluation index to evaluate the development degree of urbanization and agricultural modernization, the author aimed to use the coupling harmonious degree model to further explore the coordination degree of those two systems in the past 20 years. The results showed that urbanization and agricultural modernization were not independent, they were elements complementary, development interaction and targets inter-amalgamation. Urbanization had a strong promoting effect on agricultural modernization in the initial stage. From 1990 to 2013, Chinese agricultural modernization and urbanization gained great development, and the interaction and synergetic effect was increasingly strong. The coupling harmonious degree of those two systems was 0.53 in 2013, which belonged to the level of primary coordination, and it was estimated that the coupling coordination degree could exceed 0.7 in 2025, which belonged to the level of intermediate coordination, the development of Chinese urbanization and agricultural modernization would enter a spiral up period.