Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.6 Published:25 February 2012

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  The Application of SSR Markers in Peanut Research of China Tian Bao-Ming 2012, 28 (6):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 1414 )   PDF ( 574285KB )   ( 1074 ) SSR markers were 2-6 nucleotides of a DNA sequence repeated which widely distributed in different biological genomes. This paper reviewed widely progress of SSR markers in peanut research of China, including the SSR markers in genetic diversity, marker-assisted selection breeding areas. The results showed that there was narrow genetic base in almost all peanut cultivars of China in last decade. The author believe that the future work should be focus on the development of a large number of polymorphic SSR markers, the combination of SSR marker and breeding practice, so as to guide the breeding effectively, improve breeding efficiency.

  Advances in Molecular Mapping of Fertility Restorer Gene for Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Marker-Assisted Seletion in Cotton 2012, 28 (6):  8-13.  Abstract + ( 1051 )   PDF ( 682859KB )   ( 1124 ) Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system of cotton promises encouraging prospects in achieving the mass production of hybrid seed and breeding new cotton hybrids with high yield, fine fiber, and adversity resistance, while the restorer line plays an important role in utilizing CMS system, therefore, it is essential for developing of elite fertility restorer. This paper firstly reviews the types of cytoplasmic male sterile lines and restoring lines of cotton; the research progress of inheritance pattern of fertility restoration and the mapping of fertility restoring genes. Then it discusses the prospects of fine mapping and marker identification of fertility restorer genes for marker-assisted selection in molecular breeding of hybrids. At last, this paper lists some strategies and methods to solve problems in current marker-assisted selection in cotton.

  The Study on Wheat-cotton Double Cropping System in China 2012, 28 (6):  14-18.  Abstract + ( 1325 )   PDF ( 676918KB )   ( 1096 ) Wheat-cotton double cropping pattern exists on the major cotton producing regions, the Yellow River-Huai River-Hai River Plain and the middle and down reaches of Yangtze River in China. This view introduced its current significance, the plant history, basic pattern model, main techniques and theory research. And it was pointed out that there were two obvious issues about the pattern to solve, that one was the lower planting comparative benefit and the other was the various field manage. Consequently, it urgently needed the innovative and boosting technology to make the continuous development, such as simpler management, saving-cost planting, less-manpower and more mechanized work.

  The Progress of Sucrose Transporter in Regulating ‘Source-sink’ Distribution 2012, 28 (6):  19-23.  Abstract + ( 1195 )   PDF ( 529115KB )   ( 1289 ) Sucrose, the major product of photosynthesis in autotrophic organs, is the main transport form of carbohydrate from sites of primary assimilation to heterotrophic tissues in many plant species. During the process of transporting source from organs to sink organs, sucrose transporters (SUTs) are thought to play an important role in both loading and unloading processes. In this paper, the theroy of ‘sourse-flow-sink’ in plants and the isolation of sucrose transporter gene were firstly introduced. Then the functions of sucrose transporter were described during sucrose transporting from source to sink, in turn the relationship of sucrose transporter and agronomic traits were discussed. Furthermore, sucrose transporter could effect plant growth and development. Totally, the path of sucrose translocation mediated by sucrose transporter was summarized. However, there were still some questions in the trans-membrane transport process.

  The Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on Forms of Pb in the Upland Rice Rhizosphere 2012, 28 (6):  24-29.  Abstract + ( 1656 )   PDF ( 590732KB )   ( 932 ) In order to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the soil Pb distributional pattern in the upland rice (Oryzal sativa L.) rhizosphere, pot culture was conducted to investigate the effects of AMF-Glomus mosseae on the change of Pb forms under different Pb levels including 0, 300, 600 mg/kg soil. The results indicated that, the root colonization and hyphae length decreased by the root colonization of Glomus mosseae with increasing of soil Pb concentration. Compared with non-mycorrhizal plants, the mycorrhizal colonization increased rhizospheric soil pH under both Pb treatments. The mycorrhizal colonization enhanced the soil gomalin concentration under 300 mg/kg soil Pb treatments, yet it decreased under 600 mg/kg soil Pb treatments. In rhizosphere of AM upland rice, exchangeable Pb and the amounts of Pb bound to organic matter increased significantly yet the amounts of Pb bound to carbonates and to iron and manganese oxides decreased significantly compared with that of non-mycorrhizal plants. It suggested that, the soil Pb distribution pattern in the upland rice rhizosphere could be changed by the colonization of Glomus mosseae.

  Research of Root Characteristics and Root Activity in South Super-yield Rice 2012, 28 (6):  30-34.  Abstract + ( 1087 )   PDF ( 557072KB )   ( 883 ) In order to study the production of the main push in South China's super-yield rice root system, including root distribution and root activity at all levels and other physiological and ecological characteristics and their impact on the shoot. To use super rice ‘Yuexiangzhan’, ‘Guinongzhan’, ‘Tianyou 998’, ‘Zhongzao 22’ for the material. Based on the four supper-yield rice in the soil different depth for root growth and root vigor, per plant root vigor, root-shoot ratio was studied, the results showed that, the whole growth period, the root vigor order from strong to the weak was ‘Yuexiangzhan’, ‘Guinongzhan’, ‘Tianyou 998’, ‘Zhongzao 22’. The root vigor was lower growth > middle > upper in the early period, later period instead. The root distribution mainly concentrates on top, followed by the middle, and the lower minimum. ‘Tianyou998’ and ‘Guinongzhan’ had high root-shoot ratio, ‘Tianyou998’ root activity of population is strong in the whole growth period, ‘Yuexiangzhan’ root activity of population was advantage in the early middle period, ‘Guinongzhan’ the root vigor of population was advantage in later period. For the test of four varieties of super-yield rice (combination) of the root distribution mainly concentrated in the upper layer (0-8 cm) of the total root biomass of 60% or more, to plant root activity as a measure to better reflect plant of the whole root and shoot growth and vitality of the close relationship.

  Study on the Physiology of Transgenic Japonica Rice in Ningxia Seedlings with Gene of Betaine Aldehyde 2012, 28 (6):  35-38.  Abstract + ( 1388 )   PDF ( 615072KB )   ( 836 ) In order to improve plant salt tolerance, full use of saline-alkali soil, through the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens ultra xeric salt-tolerant plants Haloxylon (Haloxylon ammodendron) of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (HaBADH) into Japonica rice of Ningxia, its positive seedings to salt tolerance in plants related to physiological research. The results showed that high concentrations of NaCl (5.0, 7.0 g/L) stress, compared with the control, transfer HaBADH gene rice seedings superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased; malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly reduced. The results showed that, transfer HaBADH gene could increase Japonica rice of Ningxia tolerance to salt stress.

  Effect of Crude Toxin of Fusarium moniliforme Stress on Maize Seedling 2012, 28 (6):  39-42.  Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 549785KB )   ( 996 ) In order to reveal the effect of crude toxin of Fusarium moniliforme on maize, maize seed and seedling were treated by toxin with different concentration. The results showed that, along with higher concentration toxin, the ratio of inhibiting germination, the ratio of inhibiting embryo growth and the ratio of inhibiting radical were higher. Meanwhile, the hurt to maize seedling by toxin with higher concentration were severe, also the extent of seedling wilt were corresponding higher. The sensitivity of different maize seedling to toxin was diversity. The electronic conductivity of maize seedling was higher following with the time of treatment by toxin. In the seedling groups, the breed of ‘Ludan 981’ had stronger tolerance to toxin. The toxin could inhibit the germination of maize seed. This study would establish a basis for quick selection for resistant breed by toxic.

  The Effect of Different Shading Degrees on Maize Leave Structure 2012, 28 (6):  43-46.  Abstract + ( 1033 )   PDF ( 516180KB )   ( 1003 ) The aim was to study the mechanism of increasing yield and resistance of maize. Maize leaves at different shading degrees were used as the experimental materials, leaves epidermal cell density, epidermal cell length, width and size, the thickness of adaxial and lower epidermis, leaf thickness were observed by an optical microscope. The results showed that the trend of some maize leaves structure characteristic index including maize leaf epidermal cell density, the thickness of the upper epidermis, lower epidermis thickness and blade thickness, which were as following; the control>30% transmittance>10% transmittance; however, other index including epidermal cell length, width and area, which were as following; 10% light transmission>30% transmittance>control. This can be seen to increase with luminousness, the upper and lower epidermis thickness and a significant increase in leaf thickness. It may reduce the extent of the plant disease occurrence caused by pathogen. At the same time, the cell length, width, and a single cell area of epidermal cell were significantly reduced, epidermal cell density increased. The number of cells per unit leaf area, total cell surface area and photosynthetic membrane area were increased. So, the overall favorable leaf photosynthetic efficiency was promoted.

  Effect of Elevated [CO2] on Photosynthetic Pigment Contents and Photosynthesis of Summer Soybean 2012, 28 (6):  47-52.  Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 639323KB )   ( 1089 ) Research on photosynthesis parameter of summer soybean response to elevated [CO2] could help to learn about photosynthesis physiological changes of summer soybean under future Climate Change. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of elevated (550±60 mmol/mol) [CO2] on photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthesis of two soybean cultivars (‘Zhonghuang13’ and ‘Zhonghuang35’) with two nitrogen levels at the Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experimental facility. The results showed that the reaction of photosynthetic pigment contents including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll contents and carotenoid contents of soybean to high CO2 levels was difference for the two soybeans. It was not changed for ‘Zhonghuang35’ in flowering and pod period but reduced for ‘Zhonghuang13’ in pod period. The photosynthetic rates (Pn) of the two cultivars soybean were increased and the stomatal conductance was decreased with the high CO2 level. Pn increase could help soybean to better use the light, accumulate more organisms and increase the biomass and yield. The stomatal conductance decrease might reduce the soybean transpiration (Tr), which could promote the water use effect (WUE) of the soybean.

  Effect of Sulfur on the Composition and Accumulation of Globulin in Different Soybean Varieties 2012, 28 (6):  53-57.  Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 642695KB )   ( 977 ) In order to evaluate the effect of sulfur on the composition and accumulation of 7S and 11S globulin subunits, the best phosphorus levels of different genotype soybean varieties were explored to increase the content of dietary fiber and improve their qualities. Three soybean varieties (‘Heinong48’, high-protein cultivar; ‘Heinong37’, middle cultivar; and ‘Heinong44’, high-oil cultivar) grown more in Heilongjiang Province were investigated. The soybean seeds were planted in pots. Four levels of sulfur (S) treatment were designed, which were S1, S2, S3 and S4 (i.e., 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 g of sulfur per kilogram of soil). The composition and accumulation of mature soybean seed proteins was determined by conducting SDS-PAGE. It showed that: the 7S globulin comprised of 4 subunits of α′, α, γ, and β; and 11S globulin comprised of acidic and basic subunits in the three soybean varieties. No significant differences were observed between the varieties with regard to the molecular weights of the globulin subunits. The concentration of the globulins in the same variety was the highest under the S3 treatment, while they were the highest in high-oil cultivar in different soybean varieties. S fertilization has no effect on the 7S and 11S globulin subunits of soybean cultivars and has only a slight effect on the molecular weights of these subunits. Significant differences were observed in the concentrations of 7S and 11S globulin subunits with the S-nutrition in the three varieties. These findings suggest that appropriate amounts of S fertilization might contribute to the increased concentrations of both soybean globulins and their subunits.

  Genetic Polymorphism of Cassava Germplasm SSR Molecular Markers 2012, 28 (6):  58-62.  Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 1507099KB )   ( 894 ) In order to analyze the genetic diversity in 80 cassava accessions, among which 25 were Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute introduced from Thailand, Philippine, Burma and Indonesian, and 65 varieties belong to Hainan and this unit etc, by using 12 pairs of SSR markers, 119 loci were obtained totally, the fragment size of PCR products ranging from 100 bp to 300 bp, 4 to 16 alleles were detected by each pair of primer, with an average of 10. According to the genetic similarity coefficient among different strains and the UPGMA method, with the similarity coefficient criteria of 0.46 these 80 accessions were clustered into 2 groups. These results indicated that the introduction of foreign resources and the breeding varieties of Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute enriched cassava germplasm bank in China, and expanded our country’s cassava breeding basis. It also provided the genetic basis for the breeding of new varieties of cassava or the collection and management of germplasm resources.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen Application on the Content and Absorption of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium of Transplanted Rape Seed in Red Paddy 2012, 28 (6):  63-68.  Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 705717KB )   ( 790 ) By the nitrogen fertilizer amount, application time and type of field experiment to study the effects of nitrogen application on NPK nutrient uptake and accumulation during rape seed growth and development. Results showed that high levels of nitrogen treatment improved N content in plant and various organs compared with low levels of nitrogen treatment. But high levels of nitrogen treatment reduced phosphorus and potassium content in plant and various organs. NPK accumulation rate and amount was maximum in maturity. E treatment (controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer) had the most N and P accumulation amount, while A treatment (no nitrogen) has the least N and P accumulation amount. K accumulation amount was relative larger with G treatment (60% controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer+40% urea), while was relatively less with A treatment. In the experimental conditions, 180 kg/hm2 of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatment E and combined application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatment G have the most NPK accumulation amount in rapeseed plant.

  Study on Fertilizer-Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Sugarcane Seedling Stage 2012, 28 (6):  69-72.  Abstract + ( 1090 )   PDF ( 580931KB )   ( 780 ) To provide evidence for optimized N fertilizer application of sugarcane production, the influences of N fertilizer rate on nitrogen absorption and utilization of sugarcane were studied in early growth stage. In this micro-plot experiment, sugarcane varieties ‘ROC22’ was used as experimental materials, and three nitrogen amount were designed with 5.0 g, 2.5 g and 1.5 g 15N-labeled urea/pot at sowing time respectively. The results were as follows: with increase the amount of N fertilizer, nitrogen content, dry matter weight and the N from nitrogen fertilizer in sugarcane and alkali hydrolysis nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content of soil were significantly increased, while nitrogen utilization rate in sugarcane was significantly decreased. The nitrogen fertilizer application had obviously influenced on fertilizer-nitrogen distribution in sugarcane and soil. In seedling stage, the nitrogen in soil of 20~40 cm depth，especially in 20~30 cm depth was most uptake by sugarcane. At sowing time, the appropriate amount and soil depth of nitrogen fertilizer application should be considered to increase nitrogen utilization efficiency in sugarcane.

  Study on Selection of Physiological Indices for Salt Tolerance and Comprehensive Evaluation of Cotton During Seedling Stage 2012, 28 (6):  73-78.  Abstract + ( 1064 )   PDF ( 754957KB )   ( 895 ) In order to select physiological indices closely related to salt tolerance of cotton and provide theoretical basis for salt tolerance identifying in cotton seedling stage. The changes of relative value of seven physiological indices on 0, 5, 10, 15 days after salt stress were studied in seeding through planting experiment in plastic box. Four cotton breeds were used as materials. The indices included the relative water content, membrane permeability, dissociative proline content, malondialdehyde content and K+/Na+ ratio. The datum were analyzed by means of variance analysis, principal components analysis and membership function method. There was significant difference on relative value of all indices between the treatment and the control on the fifth day after salt stress; three indices, K+/Na+ ratio, relative water content and membrane permeability, were selected, which had close relation to salt tolerance; the salt tolerance capability of four cotton breeds decreased in order of zhimian3, zhongmiansuo35, lumian6, zhongmiansuo12. The fifth day after salt stress is the best appraisal time, the selected indices can be represent all information from seven indices, and its evaluation results have a high correlation with the evaluation results of index of salt in technical standard of evaluation for Salt Tolerance on cotton, so they can be used for comprehensive evaluation of cotton in seeding.

  Purity Detection and Fingerprint Construction of ‘Xiangnongdamian 1’ Hybrid with SSR Markers 2012, 28 (6):  79-83.  Abstract + ( 1085 )   PDF ( 1141545KB )   ( 917 ) In order to identify the truth and purity of hybrid seeds rapidly and accurately, thirty three pairs of SSR primers were selected to detect the polymorphism of ‘Xiangnongdamian 1’ and its parents according to the origin of the parent materials and the proposed SSR core primer pairs. The results showed that: eight pair primers were amplified with clear and stable fragments among the parents and their hybrid, and the all polymorphic sites were codominant markers. All the codominant markers can be used to identify the purity of hybrid mixed with parents and other seeds during seed production. Digital fingerprint of ‘Xiangnongdamian 1’ and its parents were constructed with the eight primers amplification results by changing binary system into decimal system, which can provide much more accurate technological instructions for truth and purity detection of hybrid and parent materials.

  Research of Soil Environment and Sunflower Grow in Dry Land Mulching Degradable Plastic Film 2012, 28 (6):  84-89.  Abstract + ( 1343 )   PDF ( 673217KB )   ( 1446 ) To reduce plastic pollution of farmland and improve utilization efficiency of temperature and water of crops. Study the effects of film mulching on soil temperature, moisture and growth of sunflowers in dryland, plastic film mulching tests were simulated in the north foot of the Yinshan Mountain. The results showed that: the average earth temperature increased about 3℃ of plastic film treats, and warming effect of Japan's degradation film was the most significant. In 2009 and 2010, water use efficiency of Japanese degradable mulch was 8.19 kg/(hm2?mm), 7.23 kg/(hm2?mm) respectively, which was higher than other treatments. The results of the sunflower growth and development conditions showed that: the growth process of sunflower dealt with Japanese film was advanced than that in open field and that treated with Guangdong membrane. There was no significant difference between Japanese films and ordinary films with the most characters, whereas those characters such as kernels yield were significantly higher than those of un-mulching treatments. Analysis from the degradation results showed that: sunflower crossing over the low temperature period 90 days after, the Japanese film broken down into pieces quickly. To sum up, the Japanese film could enhance the ability of soil moisture conservation and increase sunflower yield, at the same time it was environmental, so we should popularize the Japanese degradable mulch in arid and semi-arid areas.

  The Response of Diversity of Soil Fauna Community to Three Cropping Patterns 2012, 28 (6):  90-96.  Abstract + ( 1273 )   PDF ( 650664KB )   ( 864 ) To create a reference by which to select optimal planting patterns, and maintain sustainable development of farmland ecosystems, the hand retrieval and Tullgren dry funnel methods were used to study community composition and diversity of soil fauna in three different cropping patterns; fallow rotation cycles (FRCs), rice-vegetable rotation cycles (RVCs), and vegetable continuous cropping cycles (VCCs). A total of 526 fauna were observed within the three rotation systems, belonging to 9 different phylogenetic classes and 14 different orders. The soil fauna diversity of the VCC, RFC and RVC patterns within the 0-15 cm soil layer averaged respective 15.7%, 86.6% and 110.0% higher than the 15-30 cm soil layer. The Shannon-Wiener index (H), Pielou evenness index (E), and Simpson Dominance index (C) of RVC treatment all reflected highest diversity within the RVC rotation system, as compared to the other two rotation patterns.

  Effect of Tillage Systems on the Fractal Features of Soil Micro-aggregate Structure in a Purple Paddy Soil 2012, 28 (6):  97-102.  Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 657720KB )   ( 836 ) Soil structure affects the water, fertilizer, gas and heat situation of soil, and soil micro-aggregate is the most important material basis of it. Many factors can affect the status of micro-aggregate, so as tillage system. Fractal dimension offers a new means to quantitatively investigate the soil structure. By using fractal model of soil micro-aggregate, soil structure based on a long-term (19 years) experiment with various tillage systems were studied in a purple paddy soil at the farm of Southwest University, Chongqing, China. The experimental plots included five tillage treatments: conventional tillage with rice only system (DP), conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape system (SH), no-till and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LM), no-till and plain culture with rotation of rice and rape system (XM), and tillage and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LF). Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, 40-50 cm, 50-60 cm and 60-70 cm. The results showed that the contents of soil micro-aggregate in each soil depth decreased with the decrease of particle size under LM, XM, LF and SH, while showed the trend of increase firstly and then decreased under DP treatment. There were highly significant positive correlation between the contents of 2-0.25 mm soil aggregate and soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus and other nutrients, while the contents of 0.05-0.01 mm and 0.01-0.005 mm soil micro-aggregates with these types of nutrients were significantly or highly significant negative correlation, indicating that these nutrients are mainly rich in 2-0.25 mm soil aggregate. The fractal dimension and the content of grain size of soil micro-aggregates were highly significantly correlated. Fractal dimension, and (<0.005 mm)/(>0.005 mm) grain size ratio of micro-aggregate content both can quantitatively characterize the structure of purple paddy soil. In 0-70 cm soil layers, the fractal dimensions under LM, XM and LF treatments were highly significantly lower than DP treatment, showing that the ridge or no-tillage can improve soil structure.

  Effects of Seaweed Fertilizer and Other Different Fertilization on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrogen Use Efficiency 2012, 28 (6):  103-107.  Abstract + ( 1129 )   PDF ( 665212KB )   ( 919 ) In order to investigate the relationship between nitrogen nutrition release and plant uptake in seaweed fertilizer and other different fertilization, the pot culture was used to study the effects of seaweed fertilizer, organic and inorganic fertilizers with the same nitrogen content on vegetable soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrogen use efficiency of spring Chinese cabbage. The results indicated that soil mineralization capacity was significantly affected by different fertilization treatments. The mineralized nitrogen was affected nitrate content in soil. The ammonium content was kept a low level at all times, and changed smaller amplitude. The dry weight of different treatments of spring Chinese cabbage sequence was NPK>S>MS. There was no significantly different between all the treatments except MNPK treatment. The soil nitrogen apparent net mineralization and spring Chinese cabbage nitrogen uptake dose sequence were NPK>S>MS>CK>M and MNPK in experiment conditions. The nitrogen use efficiency of NPK treatment was the highest in all treatments which was 67.7%. And the S and MS treatment was 46.9% and 4.8% respectively. The dry weight of spring Chinese cabbage was correlated with the nitrogen uptake content significantly (R2=0.9213, n=18), which had importance effect to yield formation of spring Chinese cabbage. The effect of S and NPK treatment on spring Chinese cabbage yield increase was almost the same at the same nitrogen utilization.

  The Synoptic Analysis on the First Soaking Rain During the Spring Sowing in Shanxi Province 2012, 28 (6):  108-114.  Abstract + ( 1188 )   PDF ( 7798288KB )   ( 751 ) In order to accurately forecast the first soaking rain during the spring sowing period, and better serve three rural, the author analyzed the first soaking rain, which occurred on May 8th-10th, 2011, from the high altitude circulation background, the middle-lower altitude impact system, the surface pressure field characteristics and the space-time evolution characteristics of physical field (relative humidity, divergence, vertical velocity, vorticity) space vertical profile and the fy-2c satellite cloud picture. The results showed that the first large-scale soaking rain took 500 hPa stable subtropical high and westerly trough as background; The main influence system were 700 hpa shear and precipitation cloud system creation, intensity change, movement; During precipitation, the ground pressure field were located in the high pressure south and controlled by easterly flow; The time-space change of physical field vertical profile showed the character of deep wet lay, flow configuration of low-level convergence and high-level divergence and strong vertical ascending motion, these were the favorable conditions of spring-sowing soaking rain.

  Evaluation of Four Molecular Markers Associated with Pre-Harvest Sprouting Tolerance in Chinese Wheat 2012, 28 (6):  115-120.  Abstract + ( 1135 )   PDF ( 1867172KB )   ( 1073 ) The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of four markers (Vp1B3, Xgwm155, Xgwm269 and Xbarc170) in identifying wheat genotypes with higher PHS tolerance among 36 Chinese wheat landraces and main varieties (or lines) from Yellow-Huai Facultative Winter Wheat Region and Middle-Lower Yangtze Valley Winter Wheat Region. The germination indexes (GI) value of red wheat (5.1%) was significantly lower than white wheat (28.0%). Among products by the four markers, only 845bp of Vp1B3 can effectively distinguish among the 36 wheat varieties (lines). Three of screened six white wheat cultivars with GI < 10%, can be further identified by the marker Vp1B3. They can be used in wheat Pre-harvest sprouting resistance breeding in Yellow-Huai Facultative Winter Wheat Region and Middle-Lower Yangtze Valley Winter Wheat Region.

  Creation and Quality Analysis of Glu-D1 Subunit Absence and Weak Gluten Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 2012, 28 (6):  121-125.  Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 901298KB )   ( 791 ) In order to obtain diversity of wheat quality traits, the cell lines derived from immature embryos of bread wheat were treated with 60Co-? radioactivity. The plants without High-Molecular-Weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) controlled by locus Glu-D1 were found from regeneration offsprings of cultivar ‘Ji3235’. By further selection, seven heredity-stable variation lines were got. There was less difference in agronomy traits and gliadin electrophoresis types between the seven lines and ‘Ji3235’. However, the obvious variations were that the seven lines did not have HMW-GS of Glu-D1 in SDS-PAGE (Ji3235 contained subunits 2 + 12) and their flour quality were very poor, namely the wet gluten could not be detected and the sedimentation values became very low. These variation lines are important materials for breeding weak gluten wheat cultivars and evaluating the roles of Glu-D1 locus at wheat quality.

  Research on the Relationship Between the Agronomic Measures and the Wheat Yield under the Super High-yield Condition 2012, 28 (6):  126-130.  Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 620867KB )   ( 838 ) To explore the super high-yield wheat quantitative and standardized cultivation technique, we optimized the program with the design of five quadratic regression rotation, and studied the relationship and the interactions between the ultra-high-yield wheat’s yield and the five agronomic measures, such as sowing time, the sowing rate, the nitrogen rate, the phosphorus rate and the organic fertilizer rate. The results showed that: there was a clear functional relationship between the five agronomic measures and the yield, and finally the mathematical model of the production goals was established. The effects of five agronomic measures on the yield were different, the interactions between the sowing time and the sowing rate, the sowing time and the organic fertilizer, the sowing rate and the nitrogen rate, the nitrogen rate and the P2O5 rate, and the organic fertilizer and the P2O5 rate reached the significant level, and the relationship among five agronomic measures was coordinated effectively. The yield of ‘Yumai 49-198’ reached (9393±234.8) kg/hm2 and its optimized agronomic measures were as follow: the sowing time was from October 11 to 13, the sowing rate was 91.9-99.4 kg/hm2, the nitrogen rate was 213.50-231.4 kg/hm2, the P2O5 rate was 144.7-157.2 kg/hm2, and the organic fertilizer rate was 41117.0-41367.0 kg/hm2. After applying on the similar ecological demonstration area, we found the effect was very significant.

  Application Research of ITS Sequences in Fagopyrum tataricum Identification 2012, 28 (6):  131-134.  Abstract + ( 1148 )   PDF ( 768517KB )   ( 1033 ) In order to identify germplasm resources of Fagopyrum tataricum, in this study the ITS general primers of sequence was used, F. tataricum genomic DNA as a template was amplified by PCR out of ITS sequences (internal translation spacer), the cloned sequence was based on 5 cultivars of F. Tataricum for molecular identification and molecular analysis of genetic relationship. The results showed that: (1) five materials were a small variation of ITS sequences, the length of sequences between 584-590 bp, G+C content was high up to 67.5%-68.5%. (2) Using different clustering analysis showed that ‘Jiande’ F. Tataricum and ‘Honghua’ F. Tataricum, ‘Xi 2’ F. Tataricum and ‘Xi 3’ F. Tataricumt had a closed genetic relationship.

  The Assessment of Several Sprout Suppressants for Potato Tuber 2012, 28 (6):  135-139.  Abstract + ( 1066 )   PDF ( 807272KB )   ( 1063 ) In order to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals and explore new sprout suppressants. Sprouting rate, sprout growth and weight loss ratio of potato tubers (cv. Longshu no.3) treated with different concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid, cinnamaldehyde, acetaldehyde and ethepon were detected and analyzed for their inhibiting effect assessment. The results showed that 10 mmol/L naphthaleneacetic acid, 500 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde, 250 mg/kg acetaldehyde and 50 mg/kg ethepon could effectively control sprouting and their sprouting rates were only 61%, 65%, 78% and 79% respectively compared to the control. Sprout growth of potato tuber was delayed by naphthaleneacetic acid and ethepon treatment at 10 mmol/L and 50 mg/kg respectively. Moreover no significant differences of weight loss ratio were found between four kinds of new sprout suppressants treated potato tuber and the control. The results suggested that these 4 kinds of new sprout suppressants might have potential practical use prospect for sprout inhibiting and quality keeping of potato tuber.

  Effect on Hybrid Cotton Functional Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Yield at Different Nitrogen Levels 2012, 28 (6):  140-144.  Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 569723KB )   ( 866 ) According to climatic conditions and characteristics in north of Xinjiang, the study on effects in different nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid cotton leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield, to investigate the application of measures on fertilizer about hybrid cotton, and provide theoretical basis for cultivation in north of Xinjiang. One hybrid cotton cultivar ‘Biaoza A1’ was selected as the experimental material, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll value, mean foliage inclination angle, leaf area index were measured at different nitrogen stages. The results showed that, with the amount of nitrogen increased, the number of hybrid cotton boll per plant and boll weight showed a decreasing trend after the first increase. In the experimental conditions, amount of nitrogen in the 374.7-375.6 kg/hm2, the hybrid cotton yield reached maximum. Inadequate or excessive nitrogen, on leaf photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll value, mean foliage inclination angle and leaf area index clusters were affected in different degrees, thus affecting the production and transfer of dry matter, and affecting the final yield. Therefore, in order to maintain a high photosynthetic rate, reasonable foliage angle and leaf area index, and high yields, the key is appropriate amount of nitrogen.

  Sucrose Metabolism in Higher plants 2012, 28 (6):  145-152.  Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 1048342KB )   ( 1740 ) Sucrose is an important energy carrier in the process of plant growth and development, and it is also a kind of important raw material in food processing. In recent years, we had made many research results in the sucrose metabolism physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and other fields. This Paper introduces some recent research progress of sucrose synthesis, transport and degradation metabolic processes of higher plants, and might be a good help to improve the sugar content of plants in using bio-engineering methods in the future.

  Progress on Genetic Engineering of Sesame 2012, 28 (6):  153-158.  Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 551202KB )   ( 980 ) Sesame is one of important oil crops. However, it was difficult to establish an efficient genetic transformation system, limiting the development of genetic engineering in sesame. In this paper, several influencing factors of establishing regeneration system in sesame were reviewed, including disinfectant, hormone treatment, photoperiod, sucrose concentration, explant type, basic medium, exogenous hormones and AgNO3. The genetic transformation methods were also summarized, and finally the prospects and problems of genetic engineering in sesame were discussed.

  Screening of Interaction Proteins of NAD(H) Kinase Mopos5in Magnaporthe oryzae 2012, 28 (6):  159-165.  Abstract + ( 1337 )   PDF ( 858110KB )   ( 947 ) In order to explore the signal networks in which Mopos5 might involve and study the molecular mechanism, cDNA library was screened by using yeast two-hybrid system, and six interaction proteins were obtained. According to bioinformatics prediction and relevant research papers, these candidate interaction proteins were likely to participate in various biological processes, including cytoskeleton morphogenesis, cell movement, cell division, cell ageing and death, maintenance of mitochondrial function, defense response to environmental stress, material and energy metabolism and signal transduction. Further analysis of the biological functions of these interaction proteins and their interaction mechanisms with Mopos5 will be of great significances to make out the signal networks in which Mopos5 might involve and even its molecular regulation mechanisms of colonization and expansion of M. oryzae in rice tissues.

  Effects of the Fermentation Medium Components on the Cellulase Production by Cellulomonas X4-9 2012, 28 (6):  166-172.  Abstract + ( 1147 )   PDF ( 699226KB )   ( 859 ) In this paper, the effects of the components in fermentation medium on the endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase producing by Cellulomonas X4-9 were investigated. The rotational quadratic orthogonal experiment design by DPS soft was used to optimize the fermentation medium (Peanut straw powder, Sucrose, Carbamide, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4 and KH2PO4) of Cellulomonas X4-9. The results showed that peanut straw powder, sucrose and (NH4)2SO4 had a significantly positive effect on the biosynthesis of the above enzymes, but carbamide, MgSO4 and KH2PO4 caused a negative effect. In the case of the optimal fermentation medium (Peanut straw powder 30 g/L, Sucrose 20 g/L, Carbamide 2.5 g/L, (NH4)2SO4 10 g/L) for Cellulomonas X4-9, the final activity of endoglucanase, eXoglucanase and β-glucosidase was 2.705163, 5.723014 and 3.614921 IU/mL, which was 123.66%, 146.32% and 186.40% higher than that obtained under the original medium recipe, respectively. Cellulomonas X4-9 could produce a group of enzymes including endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase, and the condition of fermentation medium was coincident to the higher productivity.

  Analysis of trnL-F Sequences of the Medicinal Plants Scutellaria baicalensis and its Adulterants 2012, 28 (6):  173-177.  Abstract + ( 1266 )   PDF ( 581149KB )   ( 1004 ) To identify Scutellaria baicalensis and its adulterants, the chloroplast DNA sequences of trnL intron as well as the trnL-F non-coding region from S. baicalensis and its congener adulterants, S. amoena, S. rehderiana, and S. viscidula, were amplified and analyzed, with sequencing by PCR. The result showed there were no obvious differences of the length, and the nucleotide contents were investigated among S. baicalensis and its adulterants. However, there were 3, 16, 2 and 2 specific nucleotides polymorphisms which were specific to S. baicalensis, S. amoena, S. rehderiana, and S. viscidula were identified. The trnL-F DNA region could be used as an effective molecular marker to discriminate S. baicalensis and its adulterants. The DNA technology in drug species' discrimination of Scutellaria provided a reliable and simple reference for authentication of them.

  Cloning and Function Analysis of the Promoter of PGK Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2012, 28 (6):  178-182.  Abstract + ( 1631 )   PDF ( 1489474KB )   ( 1354 ) The aim was to obtain a constitutive promoter for construction of expression vector of industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Applying S. cerevisiae NYK genomic DNA as template, two fragments upstream the initiate codes gene were obtained by PCR. The long fragment was 781 bp and designated PGK1 (GenBank Accession No.FJ415226). Sequence analysis by NCBI Blast showed that the nucleotide sequence of PGK1 was 99% homologous to PGK promoter located in chromosome Ⅲ from S. cerevisiae (GenBank Accession No X59720). TATA box, CAAT-box and other regulatory elements for gene expression were detected in the nucleotide sequence of PGK1. Functional analysis indicated that PGK1 could initiate the expression of the foreign glucoamylase gene (ga1) integrated in industrial S. cerevisiae. The results showed that promoter PGK1 was obtained which provided experimental base for construction of expression vector of industrial S. cerevisiae.

  A Rapid and Effective Method for Isolating Total DNA from Huperzia crispata’s Endophyte Fungi Mycelia yunfeng Shi 2012, 28 (6):  183-188.  Abstract + ( 1150 )   PDF ( 1718180KB )   ( 1257 ) In order to select a time-saving, simple and efficient total DNA extraction method for Huperzia crispata’s endophyte fungi mycelia which were isolated from Huperzia crispata. In this study, using benzyl chloride method to isolate total DNA of endophyte fungi and comparing quartz sand grind method with ultrasonic break method two break treatments for endophyte fungi mycelia DNA extraction efficiency. Results showed that the DNA extraction efficiency and quality obtained by ultrasonic break method was superior to quartz sand grind method. Using quartz sand grind this method, the extracted DNA had more impurity and appeared serious tailing. But using ultrasonic break this method, the extracted DNA were concentrated in 23.1 kb band, little polysaccharides and proteins were polluted near loading well. Ultrasonic break treatment was a fast, efficient and time-saving method for endophyte fungi mycelia DNA extraction, especially suitable for large sacle DNA extraction. The genomic DNA extracted by this two different break treatments were digested by RNase A and amplified with ITS primers, agarose gel electrophoresis checking results showed that this two different break treatments could obtain good quality PCR effects. But, the ultrasonic break method was a faster and more efficient method for DNA extraction from Huperzia crispata’s endophyte fungi mecylia than quartz sand grind method, especially for large scale samples and firm texture fungi colony.

  Methanogenic Diversity in an Anaerobic Digester with Manure Feces in Low Temperature 2012, 28 (6):  189-193.  Abstract + ( 1162 )   PDF ( 573299KB )   ( 920 ) Low temperature conditions, cow dung methane gas production peak structure of methane-producing bacteria flora, using molecular biology 16S rDNA gene library, research dung biogas fermentation flora methanogens. Structure analysis of 60 randomLy cloned library 16S rDNA gene sequence, was found in 60 clones belonging to 18 genera (Methanosarcina sp.). With one of (Methanosarcina sp.)AK-16 strain of the highest degree of homology, similarity of 99%. 7 of which are Division Methanosarcinales Methanosarcina strains the highest degree of homology, similarity of 99%, 15 belong to the genus Methanosaeta strains of methane mane highest degree of homology, similarity of 99% use software to analyze 60 MEGA4.0 cloned 16S rRNA sequences to construct the corresponding phylogenetic the showed that was divided into two groups, namely Group A and Group B. Which belongs to genus Methanosarcina as Methanosarcina sp. major groups, accounting for 42% of all clones, the other part of the genus Methanosaeta mane of methane as the main group, accounting for 25%. Throughout the fermentation period in the first 18 days until the feed gas production reached its peak. With later after the peak of gas production, gas production decreased to 49 days of the decline in methane gas production also decreased 21%. A period equivalent to the total gas production 504.91 mL 8 m3 21.71 m3 fermentation gas production total of which 62% of methane gas. Low temperature (4℃) under the conditions of the fermentation of cow dung as the main raw material for biogas production peak period of the advantages of methanogenic bacteria, and found a Methanosarcina Methanosarcina sp. accounted for 42% of the total.

  Research on Morphology and Agronomic Traits Diversity of Weedy Rice in Shanghai 2012, 28 (6):  194-201.  Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 665120KB )   ( 1131 ) It was carried out the research on morphology and agronomic traits diversity of transplanting weedy rice in Shanghai, in order to provide theoretical support to field identification and utilization. The results showed that, the diversity was abundant and variant degree was greater. Weedy rice types were indica type and partial indica type mostly. Thirty-six materials could be classified into three clusters by cluster analysis. The cumulative contribution of panicle type factor, growth period factor, plant type factor, grain type factor, tiller angle factor and seed setting rate factor comes up to 85% by main factor analysis.

  Effects of Different Insecticides Against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee 2012, 28 (6):  202-206.  Abstract + ( 1042 )   PDF ( 576057KB )   ( 923 ) In order to understand the susceptibilities to different insecticides to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee, Also to screen alternative insecticides for controlling Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee. The populations of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee were collected from Nanning in Guangxi Province, and their susceptibilities to different insecticides were tested by spraying method of Potter in laboratory. The results showed that: the populations were the most sensitive to emamectin benzoate, the value of LC50 was 3.4595 mg (a.i.)/L, and were also sensitive to silafluofen, cyhalothrin, phoxim, monosultap, alpha-cypermethrin, avermectin, profenofos, triazophos, the values of LC50 were from 6.3490 mg (a.i.)/L to 44.8607 mg (a.i.)/L. Through field trials, we found that 5% silafluofen EW 300, 450, 600 g (a.i.)/hm2 had the best effect on the prevention of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee, the preventing rate of which reached up to more than 80%, with a top of 87.35%. 1% emamectin benzoate EC 3.6, 4.8, 7.2 g (a.i.)/hm2 and 50% monosultap WP 1125, 1500, 1875 g (a.i.)/hm2 ranked second in this aspect with a rate from 66.05% to 86.70%.

  Study on the Security of Pendimethalin 450 g/L CS in Direct Seeding Rice 2012, 28 (6):  207-210.  Abstract + ( 1086 )   PDF ( 670917KB )   ( 927 ) The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pendimethalin 450 g/L CS on barnyardgrass and Eclipta prostrate in the direct seeding rice field. The rice safety and control efficacy of barnyardgrass and Eclipta prostrate with pendimethalin 450 g/L CS was researched in direct seeding rice field. The results indicated that barnyardgrass and Eclipta prostrate were controlled effectively with the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 450 g/L CS (the effective application 1085-1294 g/hm2), but the seedling emergence, leaf color, plant height and shoot fresh weight of rice was not affect in greenhouse. The rice safety with pendimethalin 450 g/L CS is much better than butachlor 50% EC after treatment by keeping the seedbed moist, but not be irrigation directly. The effect of pendimethalin 450 g/L CS on barnyardgrass and Eclipta prostrate were studied in the direct seeding rice field to provide the theoretical basis.

  The Study on the Activities of Polyphenol Oxidase and Peroxidase in Cotton and Corn Induced by Insects 2012, 28 (6):  211-216.  Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 796210KB )   ( 1019 ) In order to clarify plant communication induced by herbivory, cotton and corn were used as materials to study plant communication in different treatments, including cotton induced by aphid and artificial wound and its corresponding corn nearby, and corn induced by corn borer feeding and artificial wound and its corresponding cotton nearby. The activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were detected using spectrophotometry in different treatments. The results showed as followings: the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were increased in cotton induced by aphid infestation and artificial wound. The activity of polyphenol oxidase in cotton infested by aphid was 1.61 fold the control and the deference was significantly. The activity of peroxidase in wounded cotton was significantly increased and 1.84 fold the control. The activities of polyphenol oxidase were increased in corn induced by mechanical wounding and corn borer feeding compared to the control, but the difference was not significantly, while the activities of peroxidase in corn induced by mechanical wound and corn borer feeding were increased significantly, and the induced fold was 4.79 and 3.56 respectively. The activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in the corresponding receiver seedlings were not induced. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase didn’t play important role in cotton-corn communication induced by herbivory.

  Analysis of Thiabendazole and Trichlorfon in River Water by RP-HPLC with Solid-phase Extraction 2012, 28 (6):  217-221.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 609438KB )   ( 924 ) For better enrichment and purity of thiabendazole and trichlorfon in river water, a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatograghic method with solid-phase extraction was used for the residue dynamic analy-sis of thiabendazole and trichlorfon. Water was subjected to solid-phase extraction (SPE) using 3 mol/L Empore 6 mL C18. The analytical column of HPLC was Shim-pack VP-ODS 150 mm × 4.6 mm with a mobile phase of CH3CN:H2O = 75:25 (V/V), flow rate 0.8 mL/min, injection volume 20 μL. The SPE-HPLC method showed good linearity of thiabendazole and trichlorfon was obtained over the range of 0.13-97.92 μg/mL (r=0.9961), 0.02-50 μg/mL (r=0.9994). The detection limits were 0.09 μg/mL and 0.01 μg/mL for thiabendazole and trichlorfon. The average recoveries ranged from 87.6%-101.3% with relative standard deviation 1.7%-2.77%. In conclusion, the method was fast and simple for the residue detection and analysis of thiabendazole and trichlorfon in river water.

  The Progress on Extract and Application of Capsaicin 2012, 28 (6):  222-226.  Abstract + ( 1168 )   PDF ( 639885KB )   ( 2092 ) Chemical constitutions and its physical and chemical properties of capsaicinoids were described in this paper. 10 Methods for capsaicin's purification at home and abroad in recent years were also reviewed, which contained Sodium-hydroxide method, Ion exchange process, Solvent extraction, Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE), Enzymatic extraction, Ultrasonic extraction, Microwave extraction, Pressure-shear Induced Chemical Transitions (PICT), Biological method, Chemical synthesis. The different extracting methods were compares. Finally, a study of capsaicin application prospect was also presented.

  Effect of Ca2+-Mg2+-Al3+ and Their Combination on the Sensory and Quality of the Green Tea Infusion 2012, 28 (6):  227-231.  Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 658905KB )   ( 854 ) Treated the green tea infusion with Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+ and their mixture solution, found out the influence of metal ions. The results showed that, Ca2+ had significant influence on turbidity, and the mixture solution had cumulative effect. When treated with metal ions and their mixture solution, the conductivity increased, pH and the content of polyphenol and caffeine decreased. The total content of catechin, GC, EGC, C, EC, EGCG, ECG and CG decreased, while GCG and amino acids increased. The sensory of the green tea declined, aroma became softer and taste became bitter. In all the treatments, tap water had the greatest influence on the sensory and quality.

  Study on Tea Baking Utensils, Baking Temperature & Time’s Influences on the Quality of Wa Nationality Baked Tea 2012, 28 (6):  232-236.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 970563KB )   ( 776 ) Baked tea is one of the specialties of the minority areas in the Yunnan Province, which has a distinctive tea culture. In order to determine the influence of baking time and baking utensils on the Wa nationality’s tea quality, and to further its popularization, experiments were conducted on sundried green tea. The experiments tested clay, papyrus, and iron paneled pots, which are often used by Wa people, under two different baking times, at three different baking temperatures. The results showed that the tea baked in papyrus was superior to that in iron panel; 250℃ was the most favorable baking temperature; and the tea quality was not affected, either by baking for ten minutes or fifteen minutes.

  Research about the Baking Process of ‘Lvling No.1’ Thin Shelled Walnut 2012, 28 (6):  237-240.  Abstract + ( 1052 )   PDF ( 613052KB )   ( 818 ) In this research, using ‘Lvling No.1’ as thin-walnut ingredient, compared with different drying rates and different oxidation degree under different baking temperatures, without antioxidants. Our purpose was to optimize the spicy skin-shelled walnut baking conditions, shorten baking time and reduce the oxidation degree. And results showed that increasing temperature from 60℃ to 90℃ in a gradient style, its drying time and oxidative situation were evidently lower than other baking condition and products were in good quality. So the best baking condition for ‘Lvling No.1’ was increasing temperature from 60℃ to 90℃ in a gradient style, and next was the last 80℃ baking.

  Effects of Shaping Temperature on the Quality of Famous Keemun Black Tea 2012, 28 (6):  241-246.  Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 612599KB )   ( 997 ) In this paper, the effects of various dehumidification and modeling temperatures during the shaping process on the quality of famous keemun black tea were studied. The dehumidification process were arranged for four different temperatures as 100℃ by hot air dryer baking, high (180±5)℃, middle (160±5)℃and low temperature (140±5)℃ by electric roast frying, combining with three different modeling temperatures as high (120±5)℃, middle (100±5)℃and low (80±5)℃respectively. According to the tea sensory test and the main biochemical compositions analyses, the results showed that different dehumidification temperatures led to significantly effect on color of soup and infused leaves of tea, and extremely significant effect on the contents of thearubigins (TR) and theabrownines (TB). Different modeling temperatures didn’t have significant effect on sensory qualities and biochemical ingredients of tea. Tea quality of the process of baking was equal to the process of roasting, its efficiency was significantly higher than that of roasting, and the middle modeling temperature was fit for tea shaping within baking and roasting. It was better to shape by middle dehumidification and modeling temperature of roasting for tea quality rather than low temperature. It was liable to over-fired in the process of roasting with the high temperature. The optimum temperature combinations were as follows: 100℃ by hot air dryer baking or (160±5)℃ by electric roast frying dehumidify, and (100±5)℃ for tea modeling.

  Study on Antioxidation Effect of Small Collagen Peptide 2012, 28 (6):  247-251.  Abstract + ( 1046 )   PDF ( 694376KB )   ( 1136 ) To study the scavenging effect of hydroxyl radical and DPPH? and antioxidant capacity of small collagen peptide (CPI). DPPH? and hydroxyl radical scavenging system was adopted to evaluate the scavenging effect; The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum and liver tissue in D-galactose treated mice were analyzed. The results showed that the scavenging ability of DPPH? radical was 80% in 10 mg/mL level and the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical was 91.56% in 40 mg/mL level. Malondi-aldehyde (MDA)content revealed a significant decrease in serum and liver (P＜0.01) and Super Oxidase Dimutase (SOD) and Glutathione Per-oxidase (GSH-Px) activity revealed a significant increase (P＜0.05) than model group. Small collagen peptide (＜1000Da) has obvious antioxidant activity.

  Study and Application of Quality Traceability System of the Beef Production Entire Processes 2012, 28 (6):  252-256.  Abstract + ( 1161 )   PDF ( 1125428KB )   ( 1115 ) For the establishment of traceability system of beef production Entire Processes, The auther illustrates the process of monitoring management and tracking for cowcalf, feedlot-cattle and beef slaughtering respectively. Identifying, recording, tracking and reading the process information which coming from breeding, propagate, feeding, feedlot and slaughtering of cattle by RFID. At the same time, successive the foregoing tracking information by the barcode tag which is low-budget and could anticounterfeiting, and identifying the process information which coming from slaughter and processing, circulation, storage, distribution, retail and so on. Consumers can track and inquire about the entire proceeding by multi methods, such as website, telephone and message and so on. This study for the establishment of traceability system of beef production Entire Processes to provide a reference.

  Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity by Apple Polyphenols 2012, 28 (6):  257-261.  Abstract + ( 1107 )   PDF ( 683203KB )   ( 881 ) In order to research the effect of apple polyphenols of different variety and maturity on angiotensin converting enzyme activity, HPLC method was established for the analysis of ACE inhibitory activity by apple polyphenols. Effect of variety (‘Fuji’ and ‘Ralls’) and maturity on the inhibition of ACE activity was studied in this research. The results showed that, when the concentration of apple polyphenols were at the range of 1~250μg/mL, the inhibition of ACE activity by four groups of unripe Fuji, ripe Fuji, unripe Ralls, ripe Ralls were more and more stronger. And IC50 value of unripe ‘Fuji’ apple polyphenols and ripe ‘Ralls’ apple polyphenols were 16.9, 80.8 μg/mL, respectively. We can get the conclusion that unripe apple polyphenols had the best effect on the inhibition of ACE activity, and can be used as nature sources of ACE inhibitors.

  Hybrid Programming with MATLAB and VB in Building Visual Simulation Model for Thermal Environment in Chinese Solar Greenhouse 2012, 28 (6):  262-268.  Abstract + ( 1176 )   PDF ( 1407388KB )   ( 1229 ) The objective of this study was to find a hybrid programming method with VB and MATLAB, which could achieve visual simulation model software for thermal environment in Chinese solar greenhouse. The application of MATLAB and VB in model was studied based on COM (component object module) method. M. function file was written by MATLAB, which could solve engineering calculations and image graphics of model. M. function file was transferred to be components which could be called independently after compilation successfully. The main program file was written by VB which can supply good human-machine interface. After parameters were given in main program, COM component was called to do calculation and drawing of model. Hybrid programming with MATLAB and VB was achieved by COM component method. A visual model of thermal environment was established by hybrid programming, which could predict the temperature change by giving outside weather conditions, type of greenhouse structure, thermal properties and other parameters.

  Study on the Application of Data Mining Technology in Agricultural Information Website 2012, 28 (6):  269-275.  Abstract + ( 909 )   PDF ( 871461KB )   ( 843 ) In order to obtain the useful information from the massive amounts of data at agricultural websites, the author analyzed the characteristics of the website data by using the technology of data mining, and extracted the website data by selecting the appropriate algorithms of data extraction. Then on the basis of this mode give a quantitative and qualitative analysis to the data at agricultural websites, thus an appropriate model for data extraction has been established. This model can provide help and service for other applications and can also be used in other knowledge application systems.

  he Status and Development Strategies of Rural Technology Service Online—Based on the Survey Results of the Rural Technology Service Providers 2012, 28 (6):  276-282.  Abstract + ( 929 )   PDF ( 773665KB )   ( 711 ) As the rapid construction of informatization, technology service has the development opportunity in China's rural areas. In order to understand the status and effectiveness of the application of internet service in rural science and technology, and further analysis of the constraints of its wide application facing, this article took the survey for the country's 14 provincial-level regions. The results showed that, the internet used in China's rural grass-roots technology services already had a certain basic conditions and achievements, but in the information content, services infrastructure and information quality of the audience, there were still insufficient. The empirical research conclusion as the basis, from network S & T information resources construction, construction mode of transmission, rural information service facilities construction, farmers information quality promotion in such aspects as promote the countermeasures of rural technology service informatization development.

  The Application of MVC Mode to Information Management Platform in Zhuanghang Experimental Station of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2012, 28 (6):  283-287.  Abstract + ( 1010 )   PDF ( 991205KB )   ( 1628 ) The development of information management platform in Zhuanghang experimental station of Shanghai academy of agricultural sciences comes from the needs of information construction of SAAS. And it is also an integration of station resources to improve the utilization rate of means of production effectively. Base on the needs of information management platform in Zhuanghang experimental station, this paper reflected the idea of building information management platform with MVC mode as the core. On a base of B/S structure and base-development of .NET and XML, the system gave a full play to the advantages of MVC mode, the high efficiency, safety and disaster recovery of SQL SERVER database. The rational design of system framework achieved the integrated management function of all kinds of information. This platform could release all the related sections in static state with full consideration of security. The achievement given by the role customization and function modularization could make the users within the platform to manage and operate in the range of control all the time.

  Research and Application on the Acquisition Standard of Key Information for the Crop-Field?s Environment System 2012, 28 (6):  288-292.  Abstract + ( 1196 )   PDF ( 652474KB )   ( 770 ) Acquiring the key information which reflects the growth of crops efficiently and normatively are important for crop yield estimation and growth forecast by remote sensing technology. In our research, the key information acquisition standard is constructed by the definition of acquired targets filtration, sampling point design, data collection methods, data processing and others. Taking rice-paddy fild?s environment system for example, the field data collection point selection and the acquisition path analysis of rice paddy are guided with this key information acquisition standard, and also the finish of obtaining the key data about ground observation and weather. These data provide an important support for the construction and validation of the rice yield estimation model with the combination of remote sensing data and field data. Finally, the paper presents a further recommendation for improvement when this standard used in a large-area crop field?s environment.

  Prediction of Maize Yield Based on Logistic and Disaster Decrement Rate Method 2012, 28 (6):  293-296.  Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 674004KB )   ( 795 ) The multiple regression prediction model and the disaster decrement rate were applied discussion of grain yield forecast method. Based on corn yield and the related climatic data in Benxi County, the logistic was used in the establishment of corn tendency output sequence. The separated meteorological output was transformed into the relative meteorological output, the related screening predictor was carried out, and the forecast model was set up. The result showed that corn tendency output sequence constructed by the logistic, could increase the precision of tendency output fitting. The selection meteorological factor had certain biology significance, strengthened the scientific characteristics of forecast model. The multiple regressions forecast model and the disaster decrement rate revising forecast corn yield accuracy reached 90%. It provided the scientific basis for grain yield forecast's quantification and the fine refinement.

  A Research on the Domain Names of Websites of Academies of Agricultural Sciences in China 2012, 28 (6):  297-302.  Abstract + ( 979 )   PDF ( 600310KB )   ( 715 ) Domain-names have an important role in the e-government websites of Domain-names have an important role in the government websites of Provincial Academies of Agricultural Sciences. The existing domain-names of these websites lack standardization, which influences public service and communication. Through the websites of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 30 domain-names of these websites were collected, checked and confirmed by searching Baidu. Detailed analysis of their choice of suffixes and ways of naming domain-names was made to present the chaos in this situation, and therefore some measures for solving this problem were proposed: First, the suffix of these domain-names should be unified as “ac.cn”; Second, the acronym of “Academy of Agricultural Sciences” should be “aas” in English or “nky” in Pinyin; Third, the way of naming the main name of domain-names should be “[full spelling of the first word of the name of a province in pinyin]+[acronym of the following words of the name of the province in pinyin]”or“[full spelling of the unique abbreviation of a province]+[hyphen“-”]+[acronym of the name of the province in pinyin]”.

  First Exploration of Modern Agriculture Sightseeing Park Planning——A Case of the Modern Nursery Demonstration Park in Gangji 2012, 28 (6):  303-311.  Abstract + ( 909 )   PDF ( 3048586KB )   ( 840 ) In this paper, the writer took Gangji, Hefei for example and discussed the planning and construction of the modern agriculture park. Gangji Industrial Demonstration Park of Modem Nursery is a sightseeing agriculture demonstration park which mainly produces flower seedlings. It combined the seedling production and management with the creation of landscape. So that it can promote the common development of agriculture, forestry and tourism and so on. In the article, first, the writer introduced the backgrounds, ideas and contents of Gangji Industrial Demonstration Park of Modern Nursery planning in details. Then, the writer offered us an effective planning idea of the modern sightseeing agriculture park. It can be used as a favorable reference for the sustainable development of sightseeing agriculture in our province.

  Analysis on the Influences of Cross-cultural Tourism to the Local Residents’ Psychology and Behavior— Case Study of the Local Residents of Dunhuang 2012, 28 (6):  312-316.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 562273KB )   ( 1455 ) Cross-cultural tourism has a profound influence on the local residents’ psychology and behavior. This essay used the 200 sampling survey data of local residents gathered in Dunhuang in September 2010. From two aspects, the attitudes of local residents to the foreign tourists and the perceptions of the local residents about the tourism impact, this essay analyzed the psychological and behavioral influence of the cross-cultural factors to the local residents. It has been discovered that the influences of cross-cultural tourism to the local residents mainly concentrated in three prospects: cultural exchanges, traditional knowledge of local culture and environmental changes. Meanwhile, we should pay attention to the psychological impact of foreign culture, guide the residents to absorb the inbound culture correctly and let the residents experience the real “benefit” of cross-cultural tourism.