Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.18 Published:28 June 2016

  Effects of Bast Fiber Film on Rice Seedlings Growth and Its Mechanism Research Liu Qian,Wang Chaoyun,Yi Yongjian,Zhou Wanlai,Wang Hongying and Tan Zhijian 2016, 32 (18):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120130 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 2008KB )   ( 552 ) The objective of this study is to figure out the effects of bast fiber film on rice seedling growth. In this study, indica cultivar ‘Xiangwanxian 13’ and indica hybrid cultivar ‘Y liangyou 1’ were used to investigate the changes of aboveground part growth and root respiration enzyme activities of rice seedlings treated with bast fiber film. The results showed that, compared with the control, the accumulation of shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, root bleeding sap, soluble sugar in shoot, and plant NO3-N content were significantly enhanced after bast fiber film treatment. In addition, the activities of malate dehydrogenas (MDH) and alcohol dehydrogenas (ADH) were higher in rice seedling roots treated with bast fiber film, while there was no significant change of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) after bast fiber film treatment. However, there was no significant difference of these indicators between the two cultivars. All the results indicated that the growth and development of rice seedlings could be improved by the application of bast fiber film.

  Effect of Super-high-yield Continuous Cropping on Yield and Soil Fertility of ‘Yongyou12’ Yu Weixing1,Hu Xinchun1,Wang Xinxi1,Wang Jianchao1 and Chen Huizhe 2016, 32 (18):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030209 Abstract + ( 820 )   PDF ( 574KB )   ( 342 ) In order to explore the effect of super-high-yield continuous cropping on yield and soil fertility of super rice ‘Yongyou12’, two rice paddies with medium-fertility soil were chosen to conduct a two-year experiment of super-high-yield continuous cropping of ‘Yongyou12’, the experimental time of field A was from 2010 to 2012 and that of field B was from 2013 to 2015. The results showed that the yields of three years super-high-yield continuous cropping of field A were 12.65, 14.05 and 14.08 t/hm2 and that of field B were 14.57, 13.40 and 13.66 t/hm2. Soil survey of field B after rice harvest in 2013 and 2015 showed that the contents of organic matter and available phosphorous were stable, soil available potassium increased by 40 mg/kg, pH-value increased by 0.5 unit, the physical and chemical properties of soil were improved. The results also showed that the yield of ‘Yongyou12’ could reach 14 t/hm2 under the condition of commercial organic fertilizer application amount of 7-9 t/hm2 every year, straw returned into soil totally, NPK fertilizer applied reasonably with the total amount of N: 280 kg/hm2, P2O5: 160 kg/hm2 and K2O: 240 kg/hm2 and supported with super-high cropping measure, the soil fertilizer could contain at a certain level and had little effect on the continuous productive capacity. As a result, more attention should be paid to the application of organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer in the promotion of ‘Yongyou12’ super-high-yield cultivation.

  Controlling Cadmium Concentration in Rice by Field Water Management Technology Yang Dingqing,Lei Shaorong,Li Xia,Zhou Ya,Luo Lihui and Li Xuyi 2016, 32 (18):  11-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030053 Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 1449KB )   ( 666 ) The purpose was to provide evidence for establishing a scientific water management mode to reduce the cadmium concentration in rice. A field experiment was used to study the effects of three water management modes on cadmium concentration control in rice in Sanjie, Mengyang and Juntun Town of Sichuan Province. The three modes were farmers' routine management (CK), flooding in critical period (mode 1) and whole growth season flooding (mode 2). The results showed that there was no significant difference in plant height (P＞0.05) among the three modes in three experimental fields. Compared with CK, the rice yields of mode 1 and mode 2 decreased. Among them, the rice yield of mode 2 significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with CK, the cadmium concentration in rice under mode 1 and mode 2 significantly decreased, while soil pH and calcium carbonate concentration of mode 1 and mode 2 significantly increased (P＜0.05). Thus, the flooding technology in critical period is a kind of agricultural measure that can save water resource, ensure rice yield, and effectively reduce cadmium concentration in rice.

  N, P, K Fertilizer in Wide Uniform Planting of Wheat Wen Jian,Guo Zhengbin,Zhang Changwen,Li Chengde,Liu Guangcai and Wang Guoyu 2016, 32 (18):  17-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110156 Abstract + ( 699 )   PDF ( 559KB )   ( 497 ) To study the mechanism of fertilizer efficient utilization and nutrient uptake in wide uniform planting of wheat, the authors used the multi-point plot experiment and “3414” field fertilization design to analyze the fertilization (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) effect and recommended dosage under different soil fertilities. The results showed that the nutrient utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium significantly decreased with the increase of fertilization level, and first increased then decreased with the increase of the soil fertility level, the order was medium fertility > relatively low fertility > low fertility > relatively high fertility > high fertility. With the soil fertility increase, the recommended fertilizing amounts were N 107.9-171.8 kg/hm2, P2O5 88.2-112.1 kg/hm2 and K2O 35.4-56.2 kg/hm2. The average values were N 138.3 kg/hm2, P2O5 101.4 kg/hm2, and K2O 45.4 kg/hm2. The proportion of the three elements was N: P2O5: K2O=1:0.73:0.33. Due to the content difference of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different soil types, suitable fertilizing amount for wheat in wide uniform planting should be readjusted properly according to soil types.

  Effect of Low-temperature on Wheat Plant Traits and Yield Under Different Soil Moisture Ren Dechao,Li Guoqiang,Ni Yongjing,Liu Hongjie,Chen Dandan and Hu Xin 2016, 32 (18):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010033 Abstract + ( 1372 )   PDF ( 1106KB )   ( 682 ) In order to study wheat plant traits and yield change with low-temperature freezing under different soil moisture, ‘Zhoumai 22’ was chosen as experimental subject, wheat plant traits and yield in late stage were analyzed under soil moisture of 26%, 18% and 10% with low-temperature freezing by keeping the wheat plant in -6℃ (plant body temperature) low-temperature environment for 4 h in its jointing stage. The results showed that the freezing injury effect on wheat plant height, the minimum stem height, peduncle length, top second peduncle length and biological yield decreased gradually with the increase of soil moisture. When soil moisture was close to 10%, the effect on wheat plant traits significantly decreased. Meanwhile, with the increase of soil moisture, the freezing injury effect on wheat yield decreased gradually. When soil moisture was close to 18%, the wheat yield significantly decreased, and the influence of low-temperature on grain numbers of per spike were great and while it had little effect on spike number and 1000 grain weight. After low temperature treatment, the difference of potential tiller spike number among different soil moisture treatments W (26%), M (18%), D (10%) and CK was obvious (P<0.05), the difference of large spike yield among the treatment of W, CK and M, D was also obvious (P<0.05), while, the difference was not significant among other treatments. The experiment provided technical assistance for preventing and reducing cold disaster and improving wheat production.

  Identification of Maize Hybrid Varieties Using SSR Marker Che Zhuo,Chang Hong, and Zhang Wei 2016, 32 (18):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110025 Abstract + ( 623 )   PDF ( 1574KB )   ( 453 ) Purity is an important parameter of seed quality. ‘Jixiang No 1’ is a main maize hybrid variety and widely cultivated in Gansu Province. To identify the purity of the variety, the authors conducted a research on SSR purity identification method of ‘Jixiang No 1’. Through the comparison of rapid extraction method and improved CTAB method used in the purity test of ‘Jixiang No 1’ with SSR marker, the results showed that the DNA extracted by the above two methods was applicable to the purity detection of SSR molecular markers, but the rapid extraction method had the characteristics of simple, fast, and was more suitable for the purity identification. bnlg2291k4 and bnlg2305k4 were selected from 20 pairs of SSR markers for purity test of ‘Jixiang No 1’, both markers could clearly distinguish parents and hybrids. Mixing parents seeds into hybrid seeds of ‘Jixiang No 1’, the method established by this study could clearly identify inbred lines.

  The Relationship Between Grain Traits and Seed Germination Ability in Maize Inbred Lines Zhang Zhengwei,Zhang Dandan and Lu Yuncai 2016, 32 (18):  33-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120008 Abstract + ( 553 )   PDF ( 461KB )   ( 384 ) In order to provide the basis for selecting maize varieties with strong germination potential, different original maize germplasm resources were used in this study for discussing the relationship between inbred lines’ grain traits and seed germination ability. Maize inbred lines were used to identify the grain type and 100-kernel weight. Germination potential, germination percentage, root length and bud length were determined by paper germination method. The results showed that the grain size and seed germination had significant correlation. The grain size was significantly correlated to the germination rate and germination potential, respectively. And both of them were negatively low correlation. The correlation coefficient between 100-kernel weight and germination potential was -0.133, while that between the 100-kernel weight and germination rate was -0.132. Moreover, the grain size was significantly correlated to the root length and shoot length, respectively. Both of them were negatively low correlation. The correlation coefficient between 100-kernel weight and root length was -0.222, while that between 100-kernel weight and bud length was -0.215. Grain types had no significant correlation with seed germination, because the correlation coefficients were less than 0.1. The germination rate and germination potential, root length and shoot length had significantly positive correlation, respectively. The correlation coefficients were more than 0.5. Germination potential of inbred lines can be deduced by 100-kernel weight.

  Ultrastructure Investigation of Southern Corn Rust Fungus (Puccinia polysora Underw) 2016, 32 (18):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010034 Abstract + ( 657 )   PDF ( 2900KB )   ( 437 ) The investigation on ultrastructural features and cytological features of infection process for southern corn rust fungus (Puccinia polysora Underw) would provide an important basis for understanding its pathogenesis and rust resistance mechanisms of maize. The natural infected corn leaves of southern rust fungus from two maize varieties ‘Zhengdan 958’ and ‘Xianyu 335’ were collected and the samples were vacuumed and immobilized using 4% glutaraldehyde. The processed samples were then investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that: the intercellular hyphae of southern corn rust fungus were filiform. The intercellular hyphae and intracellular hyphae had difference in monokaryon or dicaryon. The contact between the intercellular hyphae and the host cell induced the differentiation of haustorial mother cell. The haustoria appeared in the host cell after haustorial mother cell penetrating through the host cell wall. The host cytoplasmic membrane was invaginated in the place where the haustoria invaded into the host cell. The callus was generated to surround the haustoria neck with the development of haustoria. The urediospore had the numerous staggered spines on the surface. The rounded and recessed crista existed on the outside of the spines. The study offered the ultrastructural features and cytological features of infected institutions (haustoria) for southern corn rust fungus, and analyzed the nuclear phases among the different varieties and laid a foundation for the histopathology of southern corn rust fungus.

  Intercropped Potato and Maize with the Row Ratio of Two to One: Effect of Different Patterns on Potato Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics Shu Jinkang,Chen Liping,Zhao Lihong,Li Shijie,Zhao Yong and Wang Jichun 2016, 32 (18):  43-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030078 Abstract + ( 603 )   PDF ( 549KB )   ( 420 ) In order to explore the best allocation of field structure for high potato yield in intercropped potato and maize with the row ratio of two to one, the authors carried out a field experiment with four patterns including the factors of bandwidth, interval, row and plant spacing. Results showed that under the pattern of the bandwidth of 120 cm, the interval of 40 cm, and both the row and plant spacing of 40 cm, the yield of fresh potatoes, marketable tuber percentage, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were extremely significant or significantly higher than those under the other three patterns. Thus, we concluded that this allocation made better use of photosynthetically active radiation and was the optimal pattern, and suggested that it should be generalized in agricultural production.

  Advances in Bio-organic Fertilizer Application to Tobacco Li Liang,Zhang Xiang,Mao Jiawei,Si Xianzong,Li Guoping,Fan Yikuan and Zhang Peijia 2016, 32 (18):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120021 Abstract + ( 910 )   PDF ( 533KB )   ( 510 ) Bio-organic fertilizer has the advantages of improving soil fertility, regulating soil micro-ecological environment, raising fertilizer utilization rate, accelerating plant growth, improving tobacco yield and quality, enhancing disease resistance and so on, and the application of bio-organic fertilizer meets the requirement of sustainable development of tobacco production. The authors introduced the development process of bio-organic fertilizer in China, elaborated the production and application status of bio-organic fertilizer, and discussed the effect and mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer application to tobacco production. At the same time, the authors put forward the future study direction of bio-organic fertilizer, thus to provide references for tobacco production and soil improvement.

  Effects of NaCl Stress on Antioxidative System of Cotton Seedling Roots Shi Huaping,Hu Xiaoli and Wang Jiping 2016, 32 (18):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120041 Abstract + ( 826 )   PDF ( 3117KB )   ( 366 ) The purpose of this study was to identify the salt tolerance of different cotton varieties in seedling stage. Solution culture experiments were carried out to study the effects of 0.3% NaCl stress treatment for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours on the physiological and ecological indexes of six cotton varieties’ seedling, including lipid peroxidation, membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity of roots. The results showed that there was no significant difference of membrane integrity and ROS accumulation in seedlings treated with NaCl for 24 hours. NaCl stress treatment for 48-72 hours significantly accelerated ROS accumulation, increased membrane lipid peroxidation and destroyed membrane integrity of seedlings. The malondialdehyde accumulation and membrane relative permeability increase were proved by Schiff′s reagent and Evans blue. The synthetic assessment of the six parameters indicated that under 0.3% NaCl stress for 72 hours, the order of salt tolerance of different cotton varieties was ‘N181’＞‘N52’＞‘N177’＞‘K-1’＞‘N203’＞‘Zhong50’.

  Combined Fertilization of Nitrogen and Phosphorus:Effect on Total Sugar Content and Quality of Dryland Flax Guo Xiujuan,Feng Xuejin,Yang Jianchun and Li Xia 2016, 32 (18):  60-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120106 Abstract + ( 619 )   PDF ( 2129KB )   ( 370 ) In order to conduct scientific fertilization on dryland flax, the effect of combined fertilization of nitrogen and phosphorus on total sugar content and quality was studied. The results showed that combined fertilization of nitrogen and phosphorus could increase the content of total sugar in plants, and the content reached the highest when the application amount of nitrogen and phosphorus was 60 kg/hm2, respectively. In the whole growth period, the total sugar content in plants showed a M type, and reached the bottom in squaring period. Different combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus had different effects on flax oil length, linoleic acid content and palmitic acid content, but the contents of stearic acid and oleic acid were higher than that of CK (N0P0). Compared with no fertilization, single application of nitrogen or phosphate could increase the grain yield of flax, but the increasing effect of combined fertilization was more obvious, the yield of treatment N1P1 was 1620.81 kg/hm2, which increased by 27.24% in comparing with that of CK (N0P0).

  Effect of Boron on Root Growth of Sugar Beet Song Baiquan,Yan Zhishan,Fan Youjun and Yang Ji 2016, 32 (18):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110050 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 899KB )   ( 432 ) The study is to investigate the effects of boron application on morphological parameter and physiological activity of sugar beet root, elucidate the influence mechanism of boron application on root properties and provide a theoretical basis for boron application in sugar beet production. Sugar beet cultivar ‘HI0099’ was used as an experimental material, four boron concentrations were designed: very deficiency (T1, 0.05 mg/L), deficiency (T2, 0.5 mg/L), normal (T3, 2.0 mg/L), excessive toxicity (T4, 30.0 mg/L). Root dry weight, shoot-root ratio, root morphology and activity were determined to analyze the growth and physiological laws of sugar beet. The results showed that: boron deficiency and toxicity both decreased dry weight of sugar beet root, boron deficiency decreased shoot-root ratio, boron toxicity increased shoot-root ratio. In boron deficiency and toxicity condition, root volume, root diameter and root activity all exhibited a downward trend, and the reduction amplitude increased as the developmental process went on. Comprehensively considering the results, boron stress decreased root activity, influenced the growth and dry matter accumulation of root, then caused the deterioration of root property and the maladjustment of shoot-root ratio. Thus, the reasonable boron application can improve root growth and physiological activities and regulate shoot-root ratio, and has practical meaning for the high quality and high yield cultivation of sugar beet.

  Advances in Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Plant Fan Yanjun,Wang Yu,Liu Qiyuan,Zhou Qingming and Zhou Wei 2016, 32 (18):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110120 Abstract + ( 1404 )   PDF ( 543KB )   ( 755 ) Cytoplasmic male sterility in plant is extremely significant to the production practice and the theory research. We briefly described the concept of plant male sterility, morphology, cytology and male sterile types. Then, we summarized the research advances in exploring the formation mechanism of plant cytoplasmic male sterility from the cytological studies (the abortive period and way, the tapetum development and the ultrastructure change), the physiological & biochemical research (the energy metabolism, the substance metabolism and the plant hormone) and the molecular research (the mitochondrial DNA, the RNA editing and the chloroplast DNA) in this paper. The work would provide a basis for further theoretical research and guide agricultural production services. We proposed that the existing research results integrated with high-throughput data analysis would further improve plant cytoplasmic male sterility research.

  Growth and Development of Lateral Root Regulated by Plant Hormone ABA Dong Huan,Bai Ling and Song Chunpeng 2016, 32 (18):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030058 Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 524KB )   ( 1822 ) The lateral root (LR) architecture directly affects plant root morphogenesis, which is an important component of plant root system, and plays a critical role in plant resistance?reaction. In order to study the molecular mechanisms of plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulation of LR growth and development, this article summarized the signal transduction of ABA in LR development, revealed the dual roles of ABA in lateral root initiation and the suppression of ABA on LR meristem. This article also analyzed the cross talk between ABA and other regulation factors involved in LR development process, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), auxin, cytokinin, carbon and nitrogen signals, and salt stress, pointing out that ABA inhibited the growth and development of LR through inducing ROS production, antagonism with auxin and co-operation with cytokinin. ABA also participated in the regulation of LR development by complicated carbon and nitrogen signals. In addition, ABA signal mediated the inhibition of LR initiation development during salt stress. Revealing the molecular mechanisms of ABA regulating LR growth and development could provide guidance for improving the plant root characteristics and increasing the stress resistance of crops. However, considering the unclear mechanisms of ABA in root growth regulation and the complexity of root system formation, more efforts are needed.

  Plant Cell Wall Remodeling Enzyme Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) Xuan Yun,Zhao Hongfei,Guo Xiaoying,Ren Jie,Wang Yan and Lu Biyun 2016, 32 (18):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120059 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 503KB )   ( 1261 ) In order to further study the role of endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) in the regulation of plant growth and development, this review summarized the structures and mechanism of XTH, the functions of XTH in plant leaves, roots, stems, flowers and fruits, and the XTH expression in response to plant hormone and environmental factors. Meanwhile, the authors recognized XTH as a key enzyme in cell wall remodeling, which could loosen and strengthen cell wall, and participated in cell wall degradation and synthesis. At last, several potential problems in XTH gene research field were put forward, and the future research directions were suggested.

  Kobresia robusta Maxim: Seed Biology and Germination Characteristics Kang Jianjun,Zhao Ming,Ma He,Lu Yuchao,Zhu Li,,Bing Danhui and Zhang Yangdong 2016, 32 (18):  89-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120002 Abstract + ( 784 )   PDF ( 1592KB )   ( 365 ) In order to reveal the dormancy mechanism and germination process and solve the problems of sexual production of Kobresia robusta(Cyperaceae) seeds, the authors observed the seed morphology, anatomy and seed viability, and then carried out the germination test through physical (soaking in hot water, mechanical process, laminated pregermination and temperature) and chemical (soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid, GA3) methods. The results showed that the seed viability of Kobresia robusta was low (64%), the seed size was small (weight of one thousand seeds was 4.63 g) and the seeds were wrapped by hard seed coat, thus inhibited the seed germination and resulted in lower seed germination rate. The seeds of Kobresia robusta did not germinate when seeds treated with hot water, mechanical process and laminated pregermination at 20-25℃ temperature. However, after cutting the seed coat, the germination rate reached the maximum of 64% at the varying temperature of 25/5℃ (12/12h) for 14 d when seeds were treated with 98% H2SO4 (6 min) and then soaked in 300 mg/L GA3 (2 d), while the other 36% of seeds still did not germinate. The results indicated that Kobresia robusta seeds had multiple dormancy mechanisms, and the mechanical limitation of seed coat might be the major reason of seed dormancy of Kobresia robusta.

  RVI Index Characteristic of Uranium Accumulation Dominant Plants Wu Lianxi and Li Jiazhen 2016, 32 (18):  96-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120090 Abstract + ( 542 )   PDF ( 879KB )   ( 490 ) The paper aims to study the impact mechanism of uranium on plant spectrum. Three kinds of plants, including Phytolacca acinosa Roxb, Dichotomy Forked Fern and Vitex negundo Linn., in uranium ore area and non-uranium ore area were studied by using SVC HR-768 portable field spectrometer for spectral data acquisition. Chemical analysis results showed that uranium content of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb and Dichotomy Forked Fern in the uranium ore area was significantly higher than those in the non-uranium ore area, respectively; the uranium content of Vitex negundo Linn. in the uranium ore area was similar to that in the non-uranium ore area. The RVI curve analysis results showed that RVI curve of pokeweed, Dichotomy Forked Fern in the uranium ore area was higher than that in the non-uranium ore area, respectively; however, RVI curve of Vitex negundo Linn. in the uranium ore area overlapped each other with that in the non-uranium ore area. The study results indicated that uranium had an obvious impact on the spectrum of uranium-accumulated plant such as Phytolacca acinosa Roxb and Dichotomy Forked Fern; however, had no obvious effect on that of non-uranium accumulation plant, such as Vitex negundo Linn. Also, the study results proved that RVI curve could be used as an indicator of spectroscopy for uranium accumulation plant.

  Endophytic Bacteria from Schisandra chinensis Cao Cong,Liang Kangkang,Xu Lijian,Shao Hongtao,Wang Jian,Li Yafei,李雅斐,Bi Zexing and Wang Qinggui 2016, 32 (18):  100-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010155 Abstract + ( 658 )   PDF ( 877KB )   ( 569 ) The resource of Schisandra chinesis is rich in China. In order to investigate the composition and biodiversity of endophytic bacteria from Schisandra chinesis, the bacterial rDNA was amplified from total DNA, and then the composition and biodiversity of the endophytic bacteria from Schisandra chinesis were analyzed by pyrosequencing MiSeq method. It was found that the endophytic bacteria belonged to 6 phyla, 9 classes, 17 orders, 27 families, 31 genera and 39 species, respectively. Cyanobacteria were the dominant bacteria and its content was approximately 88.19%. Except for Cyanobacteria, Enterococcus, Lactococcus and Bacillus, three genera, represented 4.79%, 2.59%, 1.11% of the total bacteria. Other bacteria accounted for 3.32% of the total. With respect to the biodiversity of bacteria, Shannon index was 0.633, Chao index was 39 and Simpson index was 0.781. The composition and biodiversity of endophytic bacteria from Schisandra chinensis were investigated by using high-throughput sequencing method. It was found that the biodiversity of the endophytic bacteria from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis was lower than that of the endophytic bacteria from other plants.

  Methane Emission and Emission Reduction in Domestic Waste Sanitary Landfill Zhao Pengshu,Zhou Yiming,Tian Li,Liang Cai,Tian Rong,Liang Ning,Xu Lijian,Wang Qinggui and Zhang Zhi 2016, 32 (18):  104-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030227 Abstract + ( 659 )   PDF ( 515KB )   ( 446 ) Sanitary landfill is the main way of domestic waste treatment, however, domestic waste sanitary landfill produces methane and other greenhouse gases, which speed up the process of global warming and draw great concern from governments. The authors discussed the influencing factors of methanogenesis of domestic waste sanitary landfill, and summarized the technology of emission reduction technology. At present, the methane emission reduction technology in domestic waste sanitary landfill mainly included landfill in situ reduction, recycling use and end control technology. In order to control and reduce the emission of methane, China should invest more in technology and facility, strengthen the management of domestic waste sanitary landfill gases, develop the effective technology of methane reduction, and establish the technical system of methane emission reduction and other greenhouse gas emission reduction according to China’s national condition.

  Carbon and Nitrogen Change in Garden Green Waste Composting Niu Qiaolong,Lu Xianzhi,Tian Xiuping,Wang Jing,Wan Peng and Hao Jianchao 2016, 32 (18):  109-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120110 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 1872KB )   ( 440 ) Composting is an effective way to utilize the resource of garden waste. In order to explore the composting process, the authors studied the change rule of nitrogen and carbon content in different amount of garden green waste composting. The results showed that the total carbon content generally had a declining trend, and the total nitrogen content increased rapidly in thermophilic phase, while increased slowly in low temperature composting phase. Carbon nitrogen ratio decreased in the process of composting. The results of orthogonal test showed that treatments E and H with 800 g sludge added into 1000 g garden waste were advantageous to the composting rotten, which had rational C content of 413.59 and 611.16 g/kg and N content of 17.57 and 21.95 g/kg, and the carbon and nitrogen ratio was 23.54 and 27.84, respectively.

  Temporal and Spatial Variation of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity and Its Driving Factors in Reforestation Zone of Northern Shaanxi Wang Juan,Dong Jinfang and He Huijuan 2016, 32 (18):  114-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020006 Abstract + ( 1406 )   PDF ( 2650KB )   ( 395 ) The paper aims to scientifically evaluate the vegetation productivity and implement relevant ecological projects of reforestation in northern Shaanxi. A quantitative analysis was carried out on the temporal and spatial distribution and variation characteristics of NPP and their relationships with the climate factors and human activity in this area, based on 2000-2013 annual net primary productivity (NPP) data from MOD17A3 dataset and land use classification data and meteorological data. The results showed that: in the study area, the annual NPP ranged from 150 gC/(m2·a) to 300 gC/(m2·a) during 2000-2013, with an average of 134.23 gC/(m2·a); the average annual NPP was higher in the south and lower in the north. The overall annual NPP showed an increasing trend in the study area except that with zero vegetation coverage. The correlation of NPP with climate factors showed both positive and negative side, a majority of which was found to have a significantly positive correlation with precipitation, but the correlation with average temperature was less significant. A tiny part of NPP passed the test of significance (α＜0.05) in both correlation studies. The land cover change dramatically impacted vegetation NPP evolution, which suggested that closing hill for forestation and restoring farmland into forestland improved the vegetation.

  Characteristic Analysis of Inorganic Elements Contents in Phellodendri amurensis Cortex and Soil Chen Yao,Zhang Zhipeng,Zhang Yang,Huang Shaoxiong,Zhang Qi,Zhao Yujuan,Suo Fengmei,,Zhang Bengang and Zhang Zhao 2016, 32 (18):  121-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120016 Abstract + ( 909 )   PDF ( 3858KB )   ( 451 ) To find the content characteristics of inorganic elements in Phellodendri amurensis Cortex and the soil of production area, the content of nine inorganic elements of 31 medicinal materials and 31 soil samples from 31 distribution plots of Phellodendron amurense Rupr., which are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Beijing, were detected and analyzed, including Na, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn. According to the study, the content of each inorganic element from different regions was relatively stable, while the contents of Ca (10 level) and Zn (3-9 level) were higher than the other inorganic elements (1-2 level) in Phellodendri amurensis Cortex referred to the content level of inorganic elements in herbs. On statistics, there was no obvious difference of inorganic elements contents among all soil samples, while there was no pertinence of inorganic elements contents in soil with that in medicinal materials. For a deeper analysis, notable regularity was discovered in the content of these inorganic elements from medicinal materials, based on which a fingerprint was established for identification and quality evaluation of Phellodendri amurensis Cortex. The study also showed the content of inorganic elements in soil had no significant effects on those in medicinal materials.

  Influence of Sand Barriers with Eco-mat and Sandbag on Soil Moisture Under Canopy of Haloxylon ammodendron Bge Su Yongde,Ma Rui and Ma Yanjun 2016, 32 (18):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120063 Abstract + ( 945 )   PDF ( 1047KB )   ( 380 ) Affected by the sand barrier, soil moisture and distribution under canopy of Haloxylon ammodendron Bge have differences. To discuss the distribution law of soil moisture under canopy of Haloxylon ammodendron Bge can improve the survival rate of Haloxylon ammodendron Bge forest and provide theoretical basis for wind prevention and sand fixation. Objects of the study were Haloxylon ammodendron Bge forest having sand barriers with eco-mat, sandbag layout area and bare sand dunes (CK) at Laohukou located in the Minqin Country. 3 representative plants of Haloxylons ammodendron Bge were chosen from sand barriers layout area and bare sand dunes respectively. The samples of soil to 80 cm distance (some soil samples to 60 cm) from the plant in the horizontal of east, west, south and north were taken respectively, every 20 cm as a gradient. The samples of soil to 60 cm in vertical position were taken with every 10 cm as a gradient, and the indexes of soil water were measured. The results showed that: soil moisture under canopy of Haloxylon ammodendron Bge was weakened by the barriers, soil moisture under canopy of Haloxylon ammodendron Bge in CK was greater than that under the two kinds of sand barriers, which had significant difference (P<0.05). But the soil moisture with the two kinds of sand barriers had no significant difference (P>0.05). Moreover, the damage of sandbag weakened the soil moisture of Haloxylon ammodendron Bge within sand barriers. The roots soil covered with eco-mat barriers had rich water content, but the water moisture became less with the increase of the distance.

  Adsorption and Slow-release Effect of Diatomite and Modified Sepiolite on NPK Cao Chang,Liang Qiwen,Tian Yu,Tan Peng and Lin Wanhuang 2016, 32 (18):  136-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030006 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 2879KB )   ( 417 ) In order to improve the using efficiency of NPK fertilizer, an oscillation experiment was conducted to study the adsorption effect of diatomite and modified sepiolite on NH4Cl, Ca(H2PO4)2 and KCl. And a pot experiment was also conducted to study NPK content in soil in different growth stages of maize and the slow-release effect of diatomite and modified sepiolite. The results showed that when the oscillation continued for 4 hours at 25℃ under the initial concentration of NH4Cl and KCl of 60 mg/L, the adsorption rates of diatomite to N and K reached the maximum of 12.80% and 17.26%, the adsorption rates of modified sepiolite to N and K reached the maximum of 19.22% and 14.75%. When the oscillation continued for 6 hours under the initial concentration of Ca(H2PO4)2 of 60 mg/L, the adsorption rates of diatomite and modified sepiolite to P reached the maximum of 35.42% and 13.42%. The results of the pot experiment showed that diatomite and modified sepiolite had good slow-release effect on NPK. This study obtained the optimum proportion of diatomite: modified sepiolite: urea: calcium superphosphate: potassium chloride as 3:3:17.3:9.3:9.6, which could lay a foundation for the development of slow-release fertilizer.

  Variation Characteristics and Impact of Agricultural Climate Resources of Single-season Rice Xu Min,Xu Jingwei,Xu Le,Gao Ping,Yu Gengkang and Ren Yifang 2016, 32 (18):  142-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120125 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 4495KB )   ( 478 ) In order to make use of the agricultural climatic resources under the background of climate warming, as well as mitigate and adapt to the adverse effects caused by climate change, the authors carried out the study. By taking the rice production area in Jiangsu Province as an example, using observation data from 60 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2012, and adopting the estimation model and statistical method, the authors analyzed the changing trend and influence of agricultural climate resources in the whole growth period of single-season rice. The results showed that from 1961 to 2012, in the whole growth period of single-season rice, total solar radiation declined by decade. The declining rates of northern, central and southern area of Jiangsu were 65 MJ/(m2·10 a), 43 MJ/(m2·10 a), 52 MJ/(m2·10 a), respectively. The declining of light resource was unfavorable for photosynthesis of single-season rice. There was a significantly warming mutation of the active accumulated temperature≥10℃around 2000 in central and southern area of Jiangsu, meaning that heat resources was increasing significantly in the 21st century. The beginning date of daily temperature stability through 10℃ was advanced, while the ending date was delayed. During the whole growth period, precipitation was overall adequate, having no significantly changing trend. Therefore, in 1961-2012, the agricultural climatic resources in Jiangsu showed a reducing trend in radiation resources, an increasing trend in heat resources, while the water resources were abundant. As a result, the climate change had both advantages and disadvantages.

  Climate Change Characteristics of Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region He Jia,Xue Yayong,Zhou Qi and Lei Chunmiao 2016, 32 (18):  149-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110155 Abstract + ( 771 )   PDF ( 7801KB )   ( 271 ) In order to study the climate change characteristics of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region, based on the daily air temperature and precipitation observation data of this region from seven cities and one district during 1960 to 2014, the climate change characteristics were analyzed by the method of climate tendency rate, accumulative anomalies, Morlet wavelet function, Mann-Kendall nonparametric test method, moving t-test and Yamamoto analysis. The results showed that the annual average temperature, annual mean maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation intensity increased in recent 55 years in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region, the annual precipitation and precipitation days reduced. The 1990s was the turning point of climate change, the increasing rates of precipitation and the annual mean temperature were significantly higher than that of other times. The precipitation amount showed a periodic change trend of 6, 14, 22 and 32 years, the precipitation intensity showed a periodic change trend of 6, 10, 22, 27 and 32 years, and the annual mean temperature showed a periodic change trend of 28 and 22 years. The mutation of precipitation was weak and that of temperature was relatively strong. The warmer and wetter climatic changing was the major trend in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region.

  Inhibitory Effect of Plant Extracts on TMV Lv Haoqiu,Wu Junlin,Wang Cuican,Li Weihua,Li Xiang,He Ping,Yu Zonghan and Ma Chao 2016, 32 (18):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020023 Abstract + ( 898 )   PDF ( 855KB )   ( 441 ) The study aims to identify the inhibitory effect of pokeweed and gynostemma plant extracts on TMV, explore a new method to control TMV diseases, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of plant extracts against TMV. Half leaf method and field spraying were taken as experimental methods, the inhibitory effect of pokeweed and gynostemma plant extracts on TMV and TMV rate were studied. The results of half leaf method showed that chemical antivirus agents all exhibited good inhibitory effects against TMV at 25-200 μg/mL with the inhibition ratios all above 80%. The inhibition ratios after different mixing times with TMV were above 90%. The inhibitory effects of pokeweed and gynostemma crude plant extracts showed that methanol extract ＞ benzene extract ＞ petroleum ether extract, and pokeweed showed a better inhibition ratio in comparing with gynostemma. When pokeweed was mixed with TMV under the concentration of 200 μg/mL, the inhibition ratio increased with the increase of mixing time. The inhibitory effect on field tobacco was compounded preparation ＞ pokeweed ＞ gynostemma, and high concentration of extracts showed better effect than that of low concentration. Agronomic traits of infected tobacco were alleviated by different plant extracts. Pokeweed and gynostemma had obvious inhibitory effects on TMV and could be ideal plant sources to control TMV.

  Monitoring and Forecasting Warning of Meteorological Grade for Rice Planthopper in Guangxi Meng Cuili,He Yan,Chen Zhongyun,Long Mengling and Xie Maochang 2016, 32 (18):  165-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110023 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 546KB )   ( 504 ) Rice planthopper is one of the most serious pest affected rice in Guangxi, its occurrence and development has very close relationship with meteorological conditions. In order to explore the relationship between meteorological conditions and the occurrence degree of rice planthopper, forecasting and early warning of the rice planthopper occurrence degree must be carried out, the data in 1991-2008 from 64 monitoring stations for agricultural pests in Guangxi and meteorological stations corresponding to their counties and cities were used in the paper. Based on single-factor correlation analysis between rice planthopper’s occurrence grades and different meteorological factors, meteorological factors that were biological significance and strong indication had been found as modeling alternative factors. The method of multiple linear regression was adopted to build monitoring and warning model at meteorological grade for rice planthopper’s occurrence degree. Through history back substitution test and forecast verification for independent samples, the results by the historical test showed that: the average correctness rate of forecast was 89% by comparing meteorological grade with actual grade; the correctness rate of model values was 75% compared with actually occurred for forecast verification, and overall forecast effect was good, which could provide scientific decision-making for the rice planthopper prevention.

  Resistance Monitoring of Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. to Quizalofop-P-ethyl and Cross-resistance with Clethodim in Rape Field Tang Zihui and Zhou Xiaomao 2016, 32 (18):  170-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120093 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 898KB )   ( 366 ) By detecting the resistance level of Alopecurus aequalis Sobol., and studying its resistance mechanism, a theoretical basis for rational drug use can be provided for A.aequalis resistance management in rape field. The resistance levels of Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. biotypes to quizalofop-P-ethyl and the cross-resistance with clethodim in 17 areas in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were determined using the whole-plant assay method. The glutathione-s-transferase (GSTS) enzyme activity was studied in resistant biotype (R-TY) and susceptible biotype (S-NJ) with quizalofop-P-ethyl and clethodim. The anti-quizalofop monitoring results showed that: TY biotype had the highest relative resistance multiple, which was 28.92, GR50 was 90.183. And then were YZ and BLD biotype, of which, GR50 was 34.480 and 45.472, respectively, and the relative resistance multiple was 11.06 and 14.58, respectively. The relative resistance multiples of other biotypes were ranged from 1.62 to 9.16. The cross-resistance with clethodim showed that there was a cross-resistance between quizalofop and clethodim in TY and BLD biotype, while DYX, the quizalofop sensitive biotype, was resistant to clethodim, indicating A. aequalis biotypes might have other resistance patterns. GSTS activity assay showed that: after drug treatment, the GSTS activity in R-TY biotype was always higher than that in the sensitive biotype S-NJ, indicating that TY biotype’s resistance to drug might be due to the GSTS enhancing effect on drug metabolism.

  Experimental Study on Rape Picking Up of Spring-finger Cylinder Pickup Collector Li Hongyi,Wu Mingliang,Luo Haifeng,Xie Wei,Yang Wenmin and Ren Shuguang 2016, 32 (18):  176-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020032 Abstract + ( 841 )   PDF ( 3625KB )   ( 392 ) In order to reduce the loss rate in rape picking up of segment harvesting, spring-finger cylinder pickup collector was installed in the indoor soil bin trolley, and the spring-finger cylinder type rape picking up test-bed was made through simulating field work environment. The regression equation's mathematical model of the loss rate in picking up which was influenced by the pick-up roller speed, the machine forward speed and the spring-finger into stubble depth was obtained through bench test and response surface analysis. The three factors listed in a descending order according to their importance were pick-up roller speed, machine forward speed and spring-finger into stubble depth. When the pick-up roller speed was 90 r/min, the machine forward speed was 0.7 m/s, and the spring-finger into stubble depth was 250 mm, the optimum picking up performance index was achieved.

  Impact of Appreciation of RMB Exchange Rate on Chinese Food Security Based on CGE Financial Model Huang Delin,Xiao Jingling and Li Xiangyang 2016, 32 (18):  183-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110148 Abstract + ( 692 )   PDF ( 7575KB )   ( 359 ) This paper analyzed the Impact of RMB exchange rate changes on Chinese Food Security based on China general equilibrium financial model. The results show that Under existing conditions of China's economic growth, RMB appreciation of 5%, 10%, 20%, China's economic will suffer relatively long-lasting negative results. Same as the industrial sectors, RMB appreciation also generated seriously negative impact to the agriculture sector, such as decrease of product output, employment, investment and output prices. It endanger agricultural production and supply, has closely relationship with China's food security. In fact, since 2005, 22 percent of real appreciation of RMB has implemented. Over the past few years, in addition to grain production, China's agricultural production suffered a lot of price risk, in theory, behind the price risk, May be the result of the appreciation of RMB, Therefore, in the RMB appreciation process, we must pay close attention to China's agricultural production, especially grain production safety.

  Evaluation Index System of Regional Organic Industry Chain Integrity:A Case Study on Wanzai, Jiangxi Wu Zhongbo,Chen Yuanxin,Zhao Guangjie and Zheng Fang 2016, 32 (18):  198-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030001 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 1175KB )   ( 498 ) The integrity of organic industrial chain is the key factor to restrict the development of organic industry. At present, the domestic research on the integrity of industrial chain, especially the organic industrial chain integrity is almost blank, and lacks unified and effective evaluation index system. An evaluation index system of regional organic industry chain with 15 levels and 3 indicators was built by the method of analytic hierarchy process, the weight of evaluation index was determined, and the evaluation standard of the corresponding index was given, which made the system operable in the regional organic industry chain integrity evaluation. Organic industry chain integrity of Wanzai organic demonstration zone was evaluated and the overall score was 81.19, it indicated that the organic industry chain was relatively integrated. But the internal complementary level was slightly lacking, especially the self-sufficient level of organic agricultural production.