Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.9 Published:25 March 2012

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  The Advance of Brassinosteroids Applied in Growth Development and Stress Resistance in Rice 2012, 28 (9):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1473 )   PDF ( 581554KB )   ( 1434 ) Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of new plant hormones and play very important roles in the growth and development as well as stress resistance of plants. Taking rice (Oryza sativa L.) as a sample, the paper reviewed roles of BRs in crops from the aspects of organ growth and development, grain filling, leaf photosynthesis and senescence and the resistance of hot, cold, and salinity. Key issues for future studies were discussed such as molecular mechanisms of BRs in crop growth and development and applications of BRs in crop production.

  Current Status and Prospect of the Effects of Stubble Height of the Main Crop on Growth, Development and Grain Yield of Ratoon Rice 2012, 28 (9):  6-10.  Abstract + ( 1400 )   PDF ( 585341KB )   ( 1028 ) Optimum stubble height of main crop is a key technique to obtain high yield of ratoon rice. In this paper we reviewed the effects of stubble height of main crop on growth duration, characteristics of growth and development, economic traits and grain yield, the growth of root system in ratoon rice and so on current status of the factors of determining the optimum stubble height. In addition, we put forward to the prospects of research on stubble height of main crop in the future in order to ensure high yield of ratoon rice.

  Research Progress of Crops Heat Tolerance 2012, 28 (9):  11-15.  Abstract + ( 1186 )   PDF ( 558530KB )   ( 1131 ) With greenhouse effect worsening and the extreme high temperature has been happening frequently, high temperature has become one of the main abiotic stresses that constrain agricultural productivity. In this article the research advances on the effect of high temperature on crop growth, yield and quality traits formation were reviewed. Some key points and main options for the further research were suggested and some suggestions on the future research of crop’s heat tolerance were put forward.

  The Advances on Functions Study of Melatonin in Plants 2012, 28 (9):  16-20.  Abstract + ( 1763 )   PDF ( 557172KB )   ( 2725 ) Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a well-known hormone of vertebrate, which is synthesized in pineal gland and secreted to the blood in animals. Melatonin is generally considered to be the chemical expression of darkness. Melatonin has been detected in a number of plant species. Its role in the plant kingdom is not clear enough. The suggested functional implications include the coordination of photoperiodic responses and regulation of plant growth, its participation as a free radical scavenging agent and up regulator of certain protective enzymes in the senescent process. This review presented a summary of the investigations in the plant melatonin field, and pointed out the problems. The potential functions of melatonin in plant kingdom were also predicted.

  Effects of Different Initiator on Seed Vigor and Physiological Characteristics of Aged Japanica Rice 2012, 28 (9):  21-25.  Abstract + ( 1024 )   PDF ( 778265KB )   ( 931 ) The objective of the present study was to investigate effects of seed priming on aged Japanica rice and explore the method for utilizing aged Japanica rice seed. Five Japanica varieties, ‘Wangyangdao’, ‘Hongmangshajing’, ‘345hao’, ‘C bao’ and ‘Xiushui79’, naturally aged for three years were primed by three different materials chitosan, sand and PEG. Five primed Japanica varieties seed vigor traits and physiological characteristics of seedling were investigated. The priming treatment for aged seed could prohibit the leakage of cell, significantly improve the germination ability, germination rate and the POD activity, and reduce the content of MDA. The significant priming effect was exited in three different primers. Chitosan priming had the best effect on aged Japanica rice seed, the second was sand priming. Chitosan priming and sand priming could increase seed vigor and improve germination.

  Preliminary Approach on Adaptability of ORYZA2000 Model for Single Cropping Rice in Guiyang Region 2012, 28 (9):  26-32.  Abstract + ( 1380 )   PDF ( 1086947KB )   ( 863 ) To test the adaptability of ORYZA2000 model for Single Cropping Rice in Guiyang Region and estimate potential yield. On the basis of meteorology data from 2008 to 2009 in Guiyang Region, the ORYZA2000 model was calibrated by field experiment data of ‘Jinyou527’, ‘QianNanyou2058’ and ‘Qyou 6’ in 2008-2009. Moreover, the crop parameters were obtained and evaluation of ORYZA2000 model for single cropping rice was conducted, and also the potential yield for single cropping rice in Guiyang Region were estimated in 1995-2009 by calibrating ORYZA2000 model. The results showed that: the average of NRMSE of the simulations of total biomass above ground, stem biomass, panicle biomass, green leaf biomass, leaf area index and yield for the three varieties was 16.4%, 22.5%, 23.5%, 26.5%, 26.1%, 11.3%, respectively. ORYZA2000 model was acceptable in simulations of biomass, leaf area index and yield, and the simulations of yield and total biomass were more accurate than that for other index.

  The Effect about Physiological Index of ‘Liangyou6326’ with Different N Application Rate Under the Condition of Film Mulching 2012, 28 (9):  33-37.  Abstract + ( 1078 )   PDF ( 642589KB )   ( 817 ) In the experiment, five different designs about N application rate were studied of disposable in order to obtain the best one. Photo out, chlorophyll content, the tillers, foliar age and etc. were analyzed under different stage. The results showed that, the most number of leaf was 15, and the maximum of the tillers was 45 per point. At the same time, the maximum chlorophyll content was 49.28. 10280.4 kg/hm2 was bigger yield under 300 kg/hm2. The analysis of economic benefit showed that, 225 kg/hm2 was the best N application rate under the condition of film mulching, and 10172.25 kg/hm2 was the best yield.

  An Improved Method to Rapid and High-quality of Genomic DNA Extraction from Soybean 2012, 28 (9):  38-41.  Abstract + ( 1035 )   PDF ( 1127949KB )   ( 1424 ) In order to explore a method to fast extract high-quality soybean leaf genomic DNA. This study improved buffer composition and concentration, added surfactant Tween-20, and optimize the experimental procedure on the basis of the SDS method. The extracted DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme EcoR I, electrophoresis displayed it was digested completely. And the DNA was used as template to amplify the soybean Actin gene, sequencing confirmed the segment was correct. And the DNA was also used for SSR-PCR reaction with SSR primer Sctt011, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results showed the bands were specifically and clearly. The results show that the extracted DNA can be used for various molecular experiments. The method can shorten the DNA extraction time, while improve the quality of extracted DNA.

  Effects of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics in Soybean Seeding 2012, 28 (9):  42-47.  Abstract + ( 1241 )   PDF ( 758954KB )   ( 1032 ) In order to investigate the physiological characteristics of soybean under drought stress, a pot experiment was conducted to study the physiological and biochemical responses of soybean seedlings to drought stress. Four treatments were arranged: control (CK), light drought stress (L), moderate drought stress (M) and high drought stress (N). The results showed that: with the strengthening of drought stress, the chlorophyll content decreased, while the contents of free proline and soluble sugar significantly increased. Along with the period of drought stress continued, the MAD content showed a trend of up-down-up. SOD activity was tended to increase and then decreased. The water stress resulted in progressively decreases in net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), respectively, WUE increased a little under L and decreased to some extent under L, but obviously decreased under N. The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) decreased at light stress and moderate stress, but increased at high stress, which indicated that the decline of Pn was caused by stomatal restriction under light stress and moderate stress, but non-stomatal restriction under high stress.

  Construction and Sequence Analysis of SSH cDNA Library form Aphid-resistant Sorghum 2012, 28 (9):  48-54.  Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 1155802KB )   ( 987 ) The aim was to study broad-spectrum anti-aphid gene in sorghum and sorghum aphid interactions in the molecular genetic basis and mechanism, and to explore and use the information of aphid resistance genes. In this study, ‘Henong16’ with aphid-resistance genes and ‘Qian3’ susceptible to sorghum aphid were used as the tester and the driver and vice versa to construct SSH library, so that the aphid resistance genes were enriched effectively, then the differential gene sequence was analyzed. 200 positive clones were randomly selected and sequenced. 18 open reading frame (ORF) sequences were found through the NCBI ORF Finder online prediction. Then the 18 ORF sequences were blasted and analyzed using online Blastx. The results showed that the 18 ORF sequences were highly related with putative oxygen-evolving enhancer protein in chloroplast, adenylate cyclase-associated protein, ribosomal protein, putative senescence-associated protein. The contigs without ORF were blasted and analyzed using online Blastx and Blastn, and 66 ESTs had highly homologous to genes sequences with known disease resistance in many plants, such as ribosomal protein, transport membrane protein, NBS-LRR disease resistance protein family-1, zinc finger protein, ATP synthase, NADH dehydrogenase, retrotransposon, Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein, and bZIP transcription factor etc.. These homologous genes involved in secondary metabolism, energy metabolism, membrane transport, signal transduction and transcription regulation and so on. The SSH library of sorghum aphid resistance gene was constructed successfully, which indicated that the SSH technique in the mechanism of aphid resistance of sorghum was a feasibility study. The results laid the foundation for further studying on sorghum aphid-resistance gene function.

  Study on the Effect of Bromoethane on Releasing Potato Dormancy and the Changes of Intrinsic Hormones 2012, 28 (9):  55-59.  Abstract + ( 1051 )   PDF ( 683859KB )   ( 855 ) The effect of bromoethane on potato dormancy and the change of intrinsic hormones in the process were studied in this paper, while the mechanisms of dormancy released by bromoethane were explored in hormones. It was prospected to give information to micro-tuber dormancy released in production. Dormancy time, sprouting time, intrinsic hormones were measured in this experiment in micro-tuber of ‘Favorita’, ‘Atlantic’, and ‘Kexin 1’.The results were as follows: The suitable concentration of bromoethane can shorten dormancy time over 30 days, and the effect was significant. IAA and ABA contents were higher than GA and ZR contents in micro-tubers. The changes of GA and ZR contents were all sink peak curves, and the peaks appeared earlier by bromoethane; GA content was higher than that in control in early stage of experiment. Bromoethane possibly regulated GA and ZR contents to break micro-tuber dormancy.

  Research on the Response of Different Potassium Efficiency Cotton Genotypes to Water and Low Potassium Stress 2012, 28 (9):  60-65.  Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 808860KB )   ( 875 ) In order to investigate the differences of two potassium efficiency cotton genotypes under water and low potassium stress, pot experiments were conducted to compare differences in some physiological and biochemical indexes and biomass between the two cotton genotypes. The results indicated that, there were a series of changes involving in the cotton growth status and some physiological and biochemical processes when the cottons were under water and low potassium stress condition, meanwhile the resistance was different between the different genotypes and growth periods. Results showed that, the chlorophyll content index and the biological yield of the high potassium efficiency cotton genotype (103) were higher than the low potassium efficiency cotton genotype (122) under different treatment conditions. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content of 103 was lower than 122, which showed that 103 possessed stronger resistance to water and low potassium stress. No significant difference on soluble sugar, proline (Pro) contents and peroxidase (POD) activity between the two genotypes.

  The Study of Mechanism of Soil and Water Conservation of Ramie in South Slope Crop Land 2012, 28 (9):  66-69.  Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 613274KB )   ( 919 ) In order to determine ramie mechanism of soil and water conservation, and for the use of ramie management of large area to provide theoretical basis for the slope soil and water loss, the different utilization of ramie leaf area index, leaf retention effect, water holding capacity of litter, underground root distribution were studied to clarify the mechanism of its soil and water conservation. The results showed that: do not harvest area ramie leaf area index was significantly higher than that of control; ramie leaf area did not harvest a maximum interception 2.56 mm, higher than the other plots; its coverage on the lower leaf surface temperature and maintain the soil moisture was more obvious and effective; planting ramie plot of fresh weight of different root that the rule was radish root>pole root>leading root>fine roots; ramie root depth of up to 60 cm, maize root depth of only 30 cm. This research showed that ramie soil and water conservation effect was good, the main reasons were the root system, main root deep soil developed, and the root system wide distribution, covering time long, leaf area index.

  The Characteristics of Nutrients Downward Movement and Crop Yield Response on Red Soil Dry Lands of a Long-term Fertilization 2012, 28 (9):  70-74.  Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 581936KB )   ( 864 ) The aim was to provide basis for reasonable fertilization and prevention of widespread pollution. The corn was used as samples, the characteristic of nutrients downward movement in profile and crop yield response on red soil dry lands of a long-term Fertilization were studied with 4 treatments. The results showed that long-term application of N, P and M fertilizers significantly increased 0-20 cm nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium and organic matter content; but only application of NP fertilizer or NM fertilizer significantly reduced 20-60 cm nitrogen content, 60-80 cm had smaller differences in nitrogen content. The MP treatment reduced the 20-40 cm available phosphorus content, but 40-60 cm had few differences; 40 cm and the following was not obviously differences in potassium content; 60-80 cm had no differences in organic matter content. After 28 years amending and fertilizing of low-yielding red soil, production performance had reached the upper level of fertility. No yield in N treatment since the eighth years, in NP treatment since the 21th years. The maize yield in NMP treatment was higher than that of NP treatment.

  Effect of Straw-Bentonite-PAM Improved Material on Saturated Water Content in Sandy Soil 2012, 28 (9):  75-79.  Abstract + ( 1046 )   PDF ( 725273KB )   ( 925 ) A simulation experiment was carried out to increase sandy soil’s saturated water contents. We designed the improved material which was made of straw, bentonite and PAM, and investigated the effects of different improved material, the content of PAM in improved material and the cultivated time. The results indicated that: the saturated water contents of sandy soil increased in the presence of improved material, and would be different with different improved materials, and also increased with the content of improved material, PAM (< 2%) and the cultivated time (< 60 days) approximately. Compared with the others, the treatments amended by wheat straw (the amount was 10 g/kg, the proportion of PAM was 2%), with 60 days cultivated time, its saturated water contents became 52.6% (2.32 times as the control), showed the optimal results.

  Spatial Distribution and pH Condition of Tobacco-growing Soil in Xiangxi 2012, 28 (9):  80-85.  Abstract + ( 1441 )   PDF ( 745472KB )   ( 940 ) In order to understand the distribution of pH in tobacco growing soils of Xiangxi, distribution frequency of pH value, difference of different county, difference of different soil types, difference of different altitude and Spatial distribution of tobacco-growing soil pH value were analyzed by collected 488 soil samples. The results were as follows: (1) The soil pH in the tobacco soil was generally suitable for tobacco cultivation, with a spatial mean of 5.87 and variation coefficient of 11.13%. About 72.75% of the soil samples has pH between 5.5-7.0 most suitable for high quality tobacco cultivation. (2) The soil pH for different counties of Xiangxi tobacco lands was in the following order: Baojing＞Longshan＞Luxi＞Fenguang＞Huayuan＞Yongshun＞Guzhang. (3)The soil pH for different soil types was in the following order too: yellow-brown ash soil＞rendzina soil＞yellow ash mud＞yellow ash soil＞yellow soil＞red soil＞light yellow ash mud＞paddy soil. (4) The soil pH value was increasing with the rise of altitude in tobacco growing soils of Xiangxi. (5) The unobserved points of tobacco growing soils of Xiangxi were estimated and the contour map was obtained using the Kriging method. The results indicated that the spatial distributions of the soil pH value were plaque. The high value area of the soil pH value was in some areas of Baojing, Longshan, Yongshun, respectively. The low value area of the soil pH value was in some areas of Guzhang.

  Adsorption-Desorption Characteristics of Hippuric Acid (HA) in Soil and Iron Oxide 2012, 28 (9):  86-90.  Abstract + ( 1386 )   PDF ( 722579KB )   ( 896 ) The adsorption-desorption characteristics of hippuric acid (HA) in soils and iron oxide were investigated to provide the basic data on evaluating the safety in the environment. The characteristics of hippuric acid (HA) adsorption and desorption in the soil, goethite and ferrihydrite were investigated by using the equilibrium method. The Langmuir model was the best isotherm to describe all experimental data of adsorption and desorption, and the average fitting correlation coefficient was 0.992. The maximum adsorption capacity of HA in ferrihydrite and goethite was 434.5 mg/kg and 103.5 mg/kg, 20.89 times and 5.22 times larger than the soil. In which the ferrihydrite was greater than the goethite 4.20 times. The adsorption capacity (lgKf) was in the order ferrihydrite > goethite > soil. The desorption of HA existed hysteresis in the soil, goethite and ferrihydrite. It was concluded that, the adsorption capacity and ability of HA in ferrihydrite were all the highest.

  Cultivated Land Fertility Evaluation of Funan County and the Improvement of Middle-and-Low-Yielding Fields 2012, 28 (9):  91-96.  Abstract + ( 1161 )   PDF ( 786000KB )   ( 1566 ) In order to master the farmland productivity and the middle-and-low-yielding fields distribution of Funan County and study the relative improvement measures to use, in this paper, making use of the Funan County’s text materials, such as the second time soil census and soil testing data, supported by GIS and computer technology, its cultivated land’s productive potentials were divided, and then, according to the grade standard of national low yield farmland type partition and improved and Funan County’s actual situations, the Funan County’s middle-and-low-yielding fields were divided by level 2 type system. The results showed that the farmlands’ productivity can be divided into five levels, and the middle-and-low-yielding fields could be divided into three types: drought irrigation type, stains waterlogged gleysols type and waterlogging drainage stains type. At the end of this paper, the targeted gain and soil improvement countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.

  Study on Application Efficiency of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer in Paddy Field in South Henan 2012, 28 (9):  97-101.  Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 667653KB )   ( 1054 ) The effects of application of slow/controlled release fertilizer on rice growth, rice grain yield and utilization efficiency of nitrogen were studied through a field experiment. The results showed that, the same amounts of slow/controlled release fertilizer improved tiller number, the population quality of rice and increased the chlorophyll content of rice leaves at middle and late growth phase, especially in the grain filling stage, which resulted in higher effective tiller and filled grain, compared with CK. The rice grain yield was 9233.3-9725.0 kg/hm2 with the application of slow/controlled release fertilizer, which increased by 5.5%-11.1% (P < 0.01), compared with the same amounts of compound fertilizer. Utilization efficiency of nitrogen and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen applied slow/controlled release fertilizer were 18.9%-22.9%, 2.9%-5.9% respectively higher than those with the application of compound fertilizer. In conclusion, higher rice yield and utilization efficiency of nitrogen were obtained when slow/controlled release fertilizer was applied to paddy field in south Henan province.

  Effects of Organic Acid and EDTA on Quality of Rice in Cadmium Polluted Soil 2012, 28 (9):  102-105.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 716613KB )   ( 911 ) For exploration of the measures and techniques in inhibiting the uptake of Cd by rice plants and protecting the hygienic quality of rice grains in the polluted soil environment, a study was made on the effects of organic acid and EDTA on quality of different genotypes rice in cadmium polluted soil through a pot experiments, the result showed that cadmium significantly increased Cadmium content of rice gains and reduced protein content, starch and crude grease of rice gains with Cd level increasing, In cadmium polluted soil, organic acid, EDTA reduced cadmium content in rice gains. EDTA reduces cadmium content of gains in a big way, next is organic acid+1/2EDTA; effect of organic acid is weaker. Organic acid, EDTA enhanced protein content of rice gains in cadmium-polluted soil, the order as follows: EDTA > organic acid, organic acid+1/2EDTA.Organic acid, EDTA decreased contents of starch and crude grease of rice gains in cadmium-polluted soil, and EDTA gave best effect. In cadmium-polluted soil, effect of organic acid+1/2EDTA on quality of rice was better than organic acid, EDTA.Ⅱ527 was more easily obtained high yield and excellent quality than high grain Cd accumulation Xiushui 63 in cadmium polluted soil.

  Influence of Plant Arrangement, Density and the Rate of Fertilizer Applied on Maize Yield and Agronomic Traits Efficiency 2012, 28 (9):  106-109.  Abstract + ( 1074 )   PDF ( 590937KB )   ( 864 ) To investigate the optimal way of corn planting, a split-plot design was adopted in this study. In order to study plant arrangement, plant density and N fertilizer levels on the yield of maize and agronomic traits. The results showed that: among three factors, the plant arrangement and the N fertilizer was significant impact on the yield. But it was no significant different for yield in three kinds of densities. The most optimum treatment was flat planting, 67500 plants per hm2, 112.5 kg/hm2 N fertilizer. The plant arrangement reached significant level to leaf area of three ear-leaves and the plant height, and not reached significant level to the largest of leaf area index and stem diameter. The plant density was reached significant level to the largest of leaf area index, leaf area of three ear-leaves and stem diameter, and not reached significant level to the plant height. With and without application of N fertilizer, the largest of leaf area index, three ear-leaves, stem diameter and the plant height was reached significant level.

  Application of Gray Evaluation Method of Hybrid Combinations in Maize Hybrids 2012, 28 (9):  110-114.  Abstract + ( 1060 )   PDF ( 813920KB )   ( 872 ) In order to select fine combinations in growth vigour and quality scientifically and accurately from lots of them, and plant and select again in the next year. The hybrid combinations F1of maize inbred line were evaluated, analyzed and separated by Gray Evaluation Method, according to the analysis results. It will provide helpful information for selection of hybrid combinations F2. Using gray evaluation method of hybrid combinations, economical characters and quality traits of F1 derived from full-diallel cross test of five selfing line parent strains were evaluated and analyzed. Hybrid combination F1 was separated into three classes, first-class combinations should be expanded to the scale of cultivation in next year, and selected carefully in all subsequent generations. Second-class combination should be cultivated in proper scale, and selected better generations again. Third-class combination should be eliminated if there are no special advantages.

  Study on Decomposition Technology of Arachis hypogaea Straws of Upland Region with Hilly Red Soil 2012, 28 (9):  115-120.  Abstract + ( 1070 )   PDF ( 934849KB )   ( 896 ) In order to study red soil upland Arachis hypogaea Straws decomposition technique, an incubation experiment with single factor design was carried out to study the decomposition conditions of Arachis hypogaea straws according to straw weight loss rate. On the basis of former experiments, the effect of straw decayed bacteria (A and B) on straws decomposition was examined according to straw weight loss rate, color, C/N, enzyme activity of cellulase. The results showed that: the amount of water, urea, lime, straw decayed bacterium and straw dry weight ratios were 425:100, 0.6:100, 0.25:100 and 0.13:100, respectively. Both the straw decayed bacteria (A and B) could significantly promote the decomposition of peanut straw. After 30 days, compared with CK, the presence of straw decayed bacterium A, B increased the straw weight loss rate by 20.1% and 15.0% respectively. Straw C/N were decreased by 6.0%, 5.1%; enzyme activity of cellulase increased by 120.0%, 95.5% respectively. The results of this study also showed: a strong linear correlation was observed between straw weight loss rate and enzyme activity of cellulase, C/N. The enzyme activity increased with straw fiber weight loss rate, while C/N decreased with the increasing straw weight loss rate.

  Effect of Soil Types on Characteristics of Cd Accumulation in Kernels of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) 2012, 28 (9):  121-126.  Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 697832KB )   ( 875 ) To select peanut cultivars of low absorption in different soil and improve the quality of peanut, a pot experiment was conducted with one kernel variety of ‘Baisha 1016’ under two soil of types (burozem and fluvo-aquic soil) to study the effect of the two soil types on characteristics of Cd accumulation in kernels of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The results indicated that biomass of peanut kernel in two types of soil tread with the same Cd concentration have no significant at 95% probability .Within the range of soil Cd treatments in the experiment, the biomass of peanut kernels exhibited the phenomenon of “hormesis effect” with the increasing of Cd concentrations in soil. Bioaccumulation factor (BF) of Cd in kernels of peanut decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the increasing of Cd concentrations in soil and there was no significant difference between the two types of soil (P>0.05). Cd contents and bioaccumulation capacity in kernels of peanut increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increasing of Cd concentrations in soil and were higher in burozem than that in fluvo-aquic soil. The effect of soil type on Cd accumulation in kernels of peanut was mainly reflected in the bioaccumulation capacity of Cd in kernels of peanut. Peanut kernels accumulation ability to Cd in soil was related with the soil pH, redox potential and so on.

  Comparative Study of the Dry Matter of Potatoes in Different Sowing Dates 2012, 28 (9):  127-132.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 878301KB )   ( 936 ) In order to study accumulation conditions of the dry matter of potatoes in different sowing dates, this paper processed and analyzed the data of the dry matter and meteorological factor in different sowing dates based on the mathematical statistics and crop growth model. The results showed that: the cumulative process of the dry matter of the potato stem presented an S-curve, and had significant correlation with accumulated temperature, accumulated precipitation and sunshine duration except for the meteorological factor. The output grew as the sowing date defers. In particular, the growth in April and May was not as strong as in June. The output of the crop growth model was a little bit higher. In addition, the growth period shortens greatly with a late sowing date while the growth rate slowed down.

  Experiment on High Yield Planting of New Winter Potato Variety ‘Minshu1’ 2012, 28 (9):  133-137.  Abstract + ( 1473 )   PDF ( 640334KB )   ( 907 ) In this paper, the potato ‘Minshu1’ was used as material, and the method of a split plot design was applied to study the effects of varieties and cultivation methods on the yield of the winter potatoes. The results showed that: (1) the marketable tuber yields had a significant difference among 6 different treatments. The most tuber yield was the dry straw in row and plastic film mulching treatment of the potato ‘Minshu1’, its yield was 39.39 t/hm2. Its yield increase over control was 44.23%. Its large and medium tuber percentage was 95.2%. The whole growth stage decreased 5 days. Every hectare could increase net income 16600 yuan, increasing efficiency was the most significant. The second tuber yield was the plastic film mulching treatment of the potato ‘Minshu1’. The lowest tuber yield was the general treatment of the potato ‘Zihua851’. (2) The effects of the same variety with different cultivation patterns on the yield, large and medium tuber percentage and commodity in order were the dry straw in row and plastic film mulching＞plastic film mulching＞conventional cultivation. (3) The yield of different varieties with same cultivation patterns had significant difference. ‘Minshu1’ was better than ‘Zihua851’. The tillage with dry straw in row and plastic film mulching had significantly increase efficiency, raising temperature, water conservation, inhibition, reduce drought weeds plant diseases and insect pests and resist frost harm, etc. The tillage with dry straw in row and plastic film mulching by the potato ‘Minshu1’ using had a good application prospect.

  Effect of Herbicides on Growth and Economic Traits of Ramie 2012, 28 (9):  138-144.  Abstract + ( 1067 )   PDF ( 940854KB )   ( 841 ) In order to provide a reference for selecting of the right herbicide, the 6 herbicides (acetochlor, glyphosate, quizalofop-p-ethy, bensulfuron methyl, paraquat, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy) was used to investigate their effects on growth and economic trait of three ramie varieties (‘duobeiti 1’, ‘zhongzhu 1’ and ‘xiangzhu 3’). The results showed that when spraying common concentrations of 6 herbicides in ramie, there were different effects on growth and economic traits of different ramie varieties. And the same herbicide was different as well. There was genotypic difference to herbicides. It was relatively safe to spray acetochlor and glyphosate in ‘duobeiti 1’, ‘zhongzhu 1’ and ‘xiangzhu 3’. The growth of three ramie varieties was inhibited in different degree by quizalofop-p-ethy, bensulfuron methyl, paraquat and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy. It could reduce the ramie yield and quality. ‘zhongzhu 1’ was sensitive to bensulfuron methyl, ‘xiangzhu 3’ was sensitive to paraquat. There was greater resistance to 6 herbicides in ‘duobeiti 1’. In premise of not spray on plants, 6 herbicides had little influence on the SPAD values, but reduced the leaf area of the ramie.

  Application of GIS Spatial Analysis to Measuring Leaf Area of Cotton 2012, 28 (9):  145-149.  Abstract + ( 1155 )   PDF ( 1325226KB )   ( 1081 ) In order to measure leaf area of cotton, a new method for measuring leaf area of cotton was developed by using scanner and GIS. First, the digital images of the cotton leaves and standard graphics were gotten through the scanner. Secondly, the digital images were vectored, and then the data of area and perimeter of rectangle, isosceles triangle, square and right triangle were extracted by using the GIS spatial analysis. The results showed that, compared to actual values of standard graphics, average relative error of area and perimeter extracted were 0.021 and 0.01, respectively, which was less than the measurement error gained by leaf area meter. Therefore, it was feasible to measure leaf area of cotton by means of GIS spatial analysis. Moreover, the GIS spatial analysis was not affected by the factors of leaf shape, size, thickness and tender leaves. For the plant with small leaf area, it could automatically output abundant data by using GIS batch data processing function. Compared with other methods of measuring leaf area, the GIS spatial analysis had the merits of precision, fast and abundance data, and it could be extended in the fields of production and scientific research.

  To Apply Gray Correlation Analysis for Grain Production Affecting Factors ——Taken Eastern of Sichuan Province as an Example 2012, 28 (9):  150-153.  Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 691080KB )   ( 917 ) To enhance grain production effectively by gray correlation analysis, and research the influence of grain production, 9 factors impacting grain production prominently as follows were selected to establish indices system: cultivated land area, grain planting area, yield per unit, effective irrigation area, using amount of fertilizer, agricultural labor forces, using amount of electric, the total power of agricultural machinery, the damaged area of crops. We used correlation analysis to analyze the results. It showed that, grain planting area was still the principal factor impacting the total output of grain. Those were using amount of fertilizer and it was still the principal factor impacting the total output of grain in Suining City. The yield per unit and cultivated land area were the two most important factors responsible for decrease of grain output. The effective irrigation area and the damaged area of crops were the two primary factors impacting the increase of grain output. The using amount of electric showed dwindling impact on grain production; agricultural labor forced still hovers at the minuscule impact degree on grain production. Through analysis of several impacting factors, proposing suggestion could be to enhance grain production.

  The Experimental Study on Application Effect of BGA Soil Conditioner in Aeolian Sandy Soil 2012, 28 (9):  154-159.  Abstract + ( 1183 )   PDF ( 606130KB )   ( 804 ) In order to solve the problem of land desertification in Ningxia, improve aeolian sandy soil quality and increase land productivity, the application effect of BGA soil conditioner on aeolian sandy soil and crops was studied and evaluated through field plot experiment. The results showed that, compared with no fertilizer BGA soil conditioner improved physical and chemical properties of aeolian sandy soil, promoted the growth of wine grape, cherry tomato and liquorice, increased significantly the yield of wine grape and cherry tomato, improved the quality of wine grape and liquorice. Compared with balanced fertilization BGA soil conditioner improved physical and chemical properties of aeolian sandy soil, promoted the growth of wine grape and cherry tomato, decreased significantly the yield of liquorice, improved the quality of wine grape. The application of BGA soil conditioner greatly increased the investment cost of production. It was proposed to reduce production cost of BGA soil conditioner and combine application of BGA soil conditioner with chemical fertilizers.

  Advances in the Study of the Cloning and Regulation of ACC Synthase Genes in Higher Plants 2012, 28 (9):  160-162.  Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 477094KB )   ( 1038 ) In this review, cloning, structure and regulation of ACC synthase genes were introduced, which would offer some ideas for exploring the key ACC synthase gene involved in fruit ripening, softening and senescence by genetic engineering technology. Furthermore, it would provide some ideas for regulating the content of C2H4 in plant fruit to reach long shelf life by transgenic technology through disclosing the molecular characterization of ACC synthase genes.

  A Fast Method of Isolation, Identification and Counting of Phytophthora nicotianae from Soil 2012, 28 (9):  163-168.  Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 1566829KB )   ( 1211 ) Phytophthora nicotianae is a conventional soil-borne plant pathogens，which induces tobacco black shank and causes great financial loss to tobacco industry. Accurate quantity analysis of P. nicotianae in soil helps researchers acquire their distribution, density and dynamics，provide information for disaster forecast and minimizes the economic losses. Pour plate method was used to separate the fungi on the selective medium，and then DNA of the fungal strain was extracted by the method for mini-preparation of fungal DNA from the plate. After that the selected 7 strains were tested by PCR with specific primers. The results showed that specific gene fragments of P. nicotianae with the length of 737bp were obtained from 6 of 7 strains. Further ITS testing found their gene sequence to be in good agreement with that of the reported Phytophthora nicotianae by 99%. Those proved the 6 strains were P. nicotianae in certain. This method has advantages over others in accuracy, cost and ease for application.

  Screening of the Superior Culture Substrates for Glomous mosseae 2012, 28 (9):  169-174.  Abstract + ( 1175 )   PDF ( 614373KB )   ( 839 ) To get more the vegetative forms of G.m strains, Sudangrass Hyrid L., as the host plants were inoculated Glomous mosseae (G.m) 12 weeks with six different proportions of culture mediums in pot culture, the influence of the growth parameters of the host plants and breeding parameter of G.m were studied and the influence of physical and chemical properties of mediums and the activity of urease, invertase, acid phosphatase were analyzed. The results showed that the growth parameters of the host plants and breeding parameter of G.m after treatment with medium Ⅵ were higher than others treatments, the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), available potassium (K), pH, organic matter was 121.5 mg/kg, 13.47 mg/kg, 106.8 mg/kg, 6.9, 32.3% respectively. Correlation analysis showed the colonization rate was positively correlated with infection rate, spore density and which was negatively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzed N, available K, organic matter and was positively correlated with available P, pH of pre-inoculated, meanwhile it was negatively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzed N, available P, available K, organic matter and the activity of urease, invertase acid phosphatase of after-harvest mediums. Infection rate and spore density which were positively correlated with the index of physical and chemical properties, the highest correlation coefficient was available P, then alkali-hydrolyzed N. Infection rate and spore density which was positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzed N, available P, available K, pH, organic matter, the activity of acid phosphatase, and which were negatively correlated with the activity of urease and invertase of after-harvest mediums. The superior culture substrates for G.m were peat soil, field soil, sand (v/v/v=2:2:1)

  Isolation, Identification of Chlorimuron-ethyl Degradation Bacteria and Its Degradation Characteristics 2012, 28 (9):  175-179.  Abstract + ( 983 )   PDF ( 773677KB )   ( 1180 ) In order to solve the problem of soybean herbicide chlorimuron-ethy residues in soil for long time. To provide actinomyces source for bioremediation of soil contaminated by chlorimuron-ethy. A bacteria which was able to degrade chlorimuron-ethyl and could grow using chlorimuron-ethyl as the sole nitrogen, was isolated from the soil of applying with chlorimuron-ethyl for many years by enrichment culture, which was named SN10. Based on physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence, the strain was identified preliminarily as Bacillus cereus. The influencing factors (temperature, pH, inoculation amount and incubation time) were studied with bacteria growth mass and degradation ration as indexes. The results showed that the optimal degradation ratio occurred at the condition of 28℃, pH 7, inoculation amount of 7%, incubation time 4 days. Under these conditions, 81.2% chlorimuron-ethyl had been degraded. By chlorimuron-ethyl degradation bacteria evaluation of the repair test, bacteria and drug treatment of maize seed germination and plant height were higher than only drug treatment, SN10 degraded obviously chlorimuron-ethyl in soil.

  Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of Recombinant TNF-α Gene 2012, 28 (9):  180-184.  Abstract + ( 1035 )   PDF ( 816070KB )   ( 1088 ) In order to construct human tumor necrosis factor TNF-α and glutathione-s- transferase (GST) fusion gene vector for prokaryotic expression. The open reading frame (ORF) of Human tumor necrosis factor TNF-α (TNF-α) gene was amplified by using specific primers and ligated to pMD-18T simple vector to generate pMD-18T-TNFα. Then it was released from the T simple plasmid by enzyme digestion and subsequently ligated to pGEX-4T-1, which had been digested with the same restriction enzyme, to create pGEX-4T-1-TNFα. To express GST- TNF-α fusion protein in E. coli, pGEX-4T-1-TNFα was transformed to E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) and the expression condition was optimized by adjusting tempreture, time and so on. SDS-PAGE result indicated that the 51 kDa fusion protein was expressed. It can be purified and used to study its biological function, mechanism and prepare monoclonal antibody anti- TNF-α.

  Identification of an Antagonistic Bacterium A2 and its Control Effect on Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici 2012, 28 (9):  185-189.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 877644KB )   ( 813 ) For adapting the development of free pollution agriculture and aiming at biological control of Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici, we isolated an antagonistic strain A2 that was identified as Bacillus subtilis from soil of protected farmland. The strain was identified based on morphological，physical characteristics and the homological analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. Meanwhile, testing the control efficacy of Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici with the treatment of spraying clear water as control. The results showed that: A2 strain was road-shaped bacteria and gram-positive, could produce bacterial endospores of oval, amylase, fluidity glutin, and showed the positive reaction in the litmus milk test. In pot plant experiments, A2 strain and its culture supernatant showed significant control efficacies against Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici, and the control efficacy of admixture of them was much better. The control efficacy of fermentation broth of A2 strain achieved 72.22%, when the control efficacy of culture supernatant of A2 strain was 29.24%. The conclusion was drawn that: it was feasible for A2 to be applied in biological control and could provide scientific basis for the production of new free pollution biopesticide.

  The Spatial Distribution Pattern and Sampling Technique of the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, in Maize Field 2012, 28 (9):  190-194.  Abstract + ( 1296 )   PDF ( 659746KB )   ( 788 ) The spatial distribution pattern and sampling technique of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, in maize field in the Northwestern of Zhejiang province were studied by the methods of the aggregated indices method, Iwao method and Taylor power law method, in order to improve the monitoring, prediction and the sustained control system for this pest in maize field. All of three methods shown that: the distribution pattern of L. striatellus was the assemble distribution type, with the assemble distribution index increasing along with their population density. It was tested by Blackith’s method, when m<1.8072 insect per plant, their aggregation was caused by some environmental factors, such as climate, the growth period and growth vigor; when m≥1.8072 insect per plant, the gathering was caused by the interaction of their life habit and environment factor. Based on this distribution pattern, the model for determining the optimum theoretical sampling number and the optimum sequential sampling were proposed. These results provided scientific basis for sampling investigating precisely and controlling effectively the field populations of L. striatellus.

  Control Effects of Different Herbicides Combinations on the Resistance Weeds in Direct Seeding Rice Fields 2012, 28 (9):  195-199.  Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 580572KB )   ( 871 ) The objective of this study was to confirmed control efficacy that the different herbicides combinations were used to control the resistance weed in direct seeding rice fields in the region of Dongting Lake in 2009-2010. The results showed that Echinohloa crusgalli (L.). Beauv. (barnyardgrass) were resistant to quinclorac in the area, The control of double use quinclorac only gave the 53.1% of barnyardgrass plant density control and 65.5% of barnyardgrass plant fresh weight control in the experiment of 2010. The three combination herbicides of 1, 2, 3 in the test gave excellent control effect to resistance barnyardgrass and its population. The control effect was more than 90% to the weed in two years experiments. The three combination herbicides were used with ring application form in different years and to avoid or delay appearing of new resistance weeds. So that, the three combination herbicides should be extension promoting in direct seeding rice area of Dongting Lake.

  Efficient Test of Weed Control by 90% Acetochlor EC in the Peanut Field 2012, 28 (9):  200-204.  Abstract + ( 1090 )   PDF ( 663945KB )   ( 1422 ) The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 90% acetochlor EC on weeds in the spring and autumn peanuts field. The peanut safety and control efficacy of the weeds with 90% acetochlor EC was researched in South China. The results showed that, the control effect was up 80% 45 DAT on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop, Echinochloa crusgalli with spraying 1080-1350 g(a.i.)/hm2 90% acetochlor EC before seedling emergence and after sowing of peanut, but it had a bad effect on Chenopodium serotinum L., Stellaria media (L.) Cry. in spring peanut field. So it provided the theoretical basis of 90% acetochlor EC on the weed control in South China spring and autumn peanuts field and was safety on peanut with recommended dose.

  Study on the Biological Activity of Extraction from Cynanchum komarovii against Plutella xylostella 2012, 28 (9):  205-208.  Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 674348KB )   ( 734 ) Aimed to develop Cynanchum komarovii into low toxicity and high effective plant pesticide, Contacting toxicity, stomach poisoning, antifeeding and inhibiting growth and development of ethanol extract from Cynanchum komarovii against 3th instar larvae of Plutella xylostella were tested, and the insecticidal activities of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract and alkaloids were compared. The results showed that ethanol extract possessed obvious contacting(Lc50=4.3048 mg/mL), antifeeding and growth inhibition effects against 3th instar larvae, the stomach toxicity was weak. The activity of three samples were alkaloids(Lc50=2.9854 mg/mL)>ethanol extract(Lc50=4.3048 mg/mL)>ethyl acetate extract(Lc50=55.8676 mg/mL). The study suggested that the Cynanchum komarovii had significant biological activities on Plutella xylostella and the part of alkaloids were highest,so it has potential research and application values as plant pesticide.

  The Screen of the Antagonism of Trichoderma spp. Against Botrytis cinereaand Sequence Analysis of Translation Elongation Factor 2012, 28 (9):  209-213.  Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 703998KB )   ( 862 ) The aim was to utilize the biological agents of Trichoderma spp.. There were 12 strains of Trichoderma species separated from vegetable fields, New antagonistic Trichoderma spp. were screened through the confront culture and growth rate determination, and the sequence homology of translation elongation factor was analyzed. The results showed that strain Tr-9701 and Tr-1108 had high growth rates and strong inhibitions. With the identification of translation elongation factor of these strains, strain Tr9701 was classified as Trichoderma viride, and Tr1108 was classified as Trichoderma atroviride respectively. Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma atroviride were all inhabitants in vegetable field. The two strains which were used to control vegetable gray mold cooperatively were effective, so it should be studied to utilize Trichoderma spp. with more targets in order to increase control efficiency.

  Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Activities of β-1, 3-glucanase and Chitinase in Ginseng 2012, 28 (9):  214-217.  Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 666804KB )   ( 748 ) The aim was to study the function of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in ginseng resistance to Cylindrocarpon destructans induced by Methyl Jasmonate. Four treatments were designed in the test, including MeJA、Cylindrocarpon destructans、MeJA+ Cylindrocarpon destructans and CK。Ginseng plants were immersed in Methyl Jasmonates solution (200 mg/L). The ginseng plants were obtained after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days. The activities of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase were measured. The results showed that both the activities of β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinase could be increased significantly in the ginseng roots induced by MeJA than those in control. The activities of β-1, 3-glucanase reached the peak at 12 days after inoculation, of which was 1.39 times of CK; and chitinase activity reached the peak at 15 days after inoculation, was 1.51 times of CK. The findings indicated that β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase play critical roles in resistance to C. destructans in ginseng induced by Methyl Jasmonate.

  Effect of low temperature and high humidity on leaf Bt protein content and Nitrogen metabolism of Bt cotton 2012, 28 (9):  218-221.  Abstract + ( 975 )   PDF ( 619604KB )   ( 706 ) Abstract：The experiment of both low temperature and high humidity on the two different types of Bt cotton cultivars was conducted at different developing periods, the results showed that the low temperature at both 18 ℃ and high humidity (90%-95%RH) for 48 hours resulted in leaf Bt protein content decrease in three periods, especially in the peak boll period. The leaf GPT activity, the contents of leaf amino acid and soluble protein decreased during peak boll period under the both low temperature and high humidity treatment. It had characteristics of weak N metabolism intensity.

  Research on detection methods of inedible pigment illegally added to food 2012, 28 (9):  222-228.  Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 1268120KB )   ( 1669 ) This paper described the property, hazard and detection methods of seven inedible pigments--- Auramine O, Basic OrangeⅡ, Acid Orange Ⅱ, Sudan, Rhodamine B, Lead chrome green and Malachite green,which were announced in the sixth batch illegal additives to foods by Ministry of Health.It also analysised advantages,disadvantages and applicability.The future detecting techniques will trend to be faster,more accurate , efficient, environmental, lower cost and higher degree of automation. establish non-edible pigment detection method, and the need to develop different methods for different detection standards.Related departments should establish simultaneous determination methods of multiple non-edible pigments and formulate standard different methods for specific requirements.

  The Roles of Insects Body Cold-resistance Effects on Ice Nucleation Proteins and Insect Antifreeze Proteins 2012, 28 (9):  229-234.  Abstract + ( 1291 )   PDF ( 597820KB )   ( 972 ) In order to the ice nucleation proteins(INPs) and the insects antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are two closely related to the body of insects, intervening of antagonism and synergy have maintained the dynamical equilibrium in the body of insects in winter. This paper expounds on two of the body in insect role, further cold more in-depth research.

  Fermentation Conditions Optimization of Trehalose Synthase Producing Bacterium 2012, 28 (9):  235-240.  Abstract + ( 1130 )   PDF ( 689877KB )   ( 915 ) Fermentation medium optimization of Trehalose synthase from pET-30a(+)/TreS by the response surface method. Firstly we evaluated the effect of eight ingredients on Trehalose synthase by Plackett-Burman design evaluation method. Then we determined value range change in the central composite design of important ingredients by the most steep hills experiment. Lastly we found out optimal concentration of important components by central composite design of response surface method. The results showed that maltose, protein peptone, beef cream were important ingredients, which had significant influence on the enzyme activity (P<0.05). Their optimal concentration were the maltose 22.07 g/L, protein peptone 5.46 g/L, beef cream 2.16 g/L. After the optimization of culture medium, enzyme activity could reach 0.826 U/mL, which were raised two times than enzyme activity of foundation fermentation cultivation of recombinant strains. Mathematical statistics and analysis of the experimental design method was applied successfully to optimization of fermentation of Trehalose synthase from pET-30a(+)/TreS, which laid a theoretical foundation for the industrial fermentation Trehalose synthase.

  Primary Studies on Main Dominant Factors of Flue-cured Tobacco Smoking Quality in Guizhou Province 2012, 28 (9):  241-248.  Abstract + ( 924 )   PDF ( 654551KB )   ( 1040 ) In order to make clear the leading factors that affected smoking quality of tobacco leaf in Guizhou Procince, we collected 388 tobacco leaf samples in 2007-2009, evaluated their main chemical components, sensory quality, physical property and smoking quality. The results showed the smoking quality went down when the leaf was light in color; the smoking quality and total sugar, reducing sugar content decreased as the nicotine, total nitrogen and protein content increased. The factores leading smoking quality were leaf color, leaf weight, leaf density, nicotine content, sugar content, total nitrogen content, potassium content, protein content, the rate of sugar to nicotine and K/Cl.

  Analysis of Volatile Compounds in “Enshi Yulu” Tea by Solid-phase Micro-extraction and GC-MS 2012, 28 (9):  249-253.  Abstract + ( 962 )   PDF ( 1331762KB )   ( 1016 ) In order to study the aromatic components of “Enshi Yulu” tea, effective control the quality of tea. The volatile components in “Enshi Yulu” tea were extracted by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 59 kinds of volatile components were isolated and identified, which including aromatic components 1,6-Octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl-, Nonanal, D-Limonene, Benzyl Alcohol, Phenylethyl Alcohol, 2,6-Octadien-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl-(Z)-, 2,3-Octanedione, Hexanoic acid,3-hexenyl ester,(Z)-, Caryophyllene, Cedrene, Copaene, 1R-.alpha.-Pinene, 3-Carene, 5,9-Undecadien-2-one,6,10-dimethyl-, (E)-, Benzene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-, etc. The results showed that volatile components of different tea samples were different, volatile components of different brand tea was relatively large differences, but the same brand in different tea was relatively small differences. The method can be used controlling chemical quality grade of “Enshi Yulu” tea.

  Effect on the Content of Anthocyanins of Glucose Oxidase on Vitis amurensis Wine during Aging Process 2012, 28 (9):  254-258.  Abstract + ( 1103 )   PDF ( 842587KB )   ( 835 ) Taking “Zuoshaner” Vitis amurensis Rupr wine as test materials, effect on the content of total anthocyanins and four single anthocyanins of glucose oxidase on Vitis amurensis wine during aging process was reported. In this experiment the total anthocyanins content was determined by spectrophotometry, single anthocyanins content was determined applying high-performance liquid chromatography technology. The results showed that compared with control group on Vitis amurensis wine during 80 d of aging process, glucose oxidase could slowly decrease content of total anthocyanins and malvidin-3,5-diglucoside, meanwhile, content of cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, petunidin-3,5-diglucoside, delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside was no significant difference. Adding 0.6 mg/L glucose oxidase on Vitis amurensis Rupr wine can significantly reduce degradation rate of content of total anthocyanins and malvidin-3,5-diglucoside, to improve the quality of Vitis amurensis Rupr wine had a positive effect.

  Effects of Different Grinding Time on Sensory Flavor of Coffee 2012, 28 (9):  259-263.  Abstract + ( 1206 )   PDF ( 1701943KB )   ( 1376 ) Because coffee particle breaking in the grinding process, coffee flavor substances lost a lot, in order to explore the coffee grinding for coffee senses flavor influence, roasted coffee beans were grinded with plant crusher and mortar mill for different intervals, and chromatic meter was used to analyze the photosensitive change and electronic tongue and electronic noses qualitatively describe coffee sensory flavor in the grinding process. The lab results showed that the coffee color became shallow gradually in the first 9 minutes, and then deepened gradually. A large number of flavor substances dissipated in the first 9 minutes, and then volatilizing speed decreased. The PCA and DFA analysis of electronic nose and electronic tongue indicated that the taste and smell gradually changed as time increased, and SQC results showed that the smell of the samples of different grinding time changed slightly within acceptable limits, but tasted, only sample of 5 minutes grinding was within the acceptable limits, while others were not within acceptable limits. So coffee grinding time to less than 5 min, in order to avoid coffee flavor substances losting, so that coffee senses flavor reduced.

  Extraction and Chemical Composition GC-MS Analysis of Cinnamon Essential Oil 2012, 28 (9):  264-269.  Abstract + ( 1169 )   PDF ( 624217KB )   ( 1219 ) To identify the difference of the composition of essential oils extracted using different liquid solvents, cinnamon essential oils were extracted using petroleum ether, n-hexane and chloroform in this study. The optimum extraction condition was found out, and the composition of essential oil was analyzed by using GC-MS. The main conclusions were as follows: the optimum extraction condition was that chloroform was best solvents, cinnamon: chloroform was 1:15(W/V), extraction time 60 min, Extraction count was 3 times; the chemical compositions of essential oils extracted by different extraction liquid solvents in kinds and percentage composition were different, but not significant.

  Screening Macroporous Resin for Separation and Purification of Polysaccharide from Persimmon and Optimization of Purification Technology by Response Surface Methodology 2012, 28 (9):  270-275.  Abstract + ( 1414 )   PDF ( 1708232KB )   ( 879 ) To solve the problem of optimal use of macroporous resin purification persimmon polysaccharides, using three factors and three levels of response surface method, as the index of dynamic adsorption and desorption rate, on the basis of experiments about screening 8 kinds of macroporous resin, finally determined, the optimization results were: resin AB-8 had best separation purification of persimmon polysaccharides. The final optimization of the dynamic adsorption experiment conditions: the sample liquid concentration 4.34 mg/mL, sample rate 1.89 BV/h, sample volume 3.41 BV (column volume); desorption test conditions: eluting agent ethanol concentration 55.41%, the elution rate 3.50 BV/h, elution dosage 3.54 BV (cylinder volume). Under this condition, the dynamic adsorption and desorption rate of the predicted value respectively were 89.87% and 96.59%, the testing experiment showed the relative error between them was about 5%.

  Hot Water Technology for Extraction Polysaccharides from (Canarium album Lour.)Raeusch 2012, 28 (9):  276-280.  Abstract + ( 921 )   PDF ( 803058KB )   ( 762 ) To seek out the optimal water-extracting technology of polysaccharides from (Canarium album Lour.) Raeusch. The paper was to study an optimal procedure of polysaccharides from (Canarium album Lour.) Raeusch consisting of hot water extraction. A series of single factor experiment were conducted to investigate effects of solid/liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, extraction times on (Canarium album Lour.) Raeusch polysaccharides yield. On the basis of this, three main affect factors, including solid/liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time were optimized for maximizing (Canarium album Lour.) Raeusch polysaccharides yield. Using a orthogonal array design. The results showed that the optimal preparation procedure of (Canarium album Lour.) Raeusch polysaccharides consisted of solid/liquid ratio of 1:8, the extraction temperature at 100℃ with 3.5 h, the yield of (Canarium album Lour.) Raeusch polysaccharides was 7.10%. These extraction process is feasible，and the experiment result can provide basic and instruction data for the ascertainment of water extraction technology of (Canarium album Lour.) Raeusch polysaccharides.

  Visual Resource Evaluation of Regional Agricultural Landscape——A Case Study of Luan Country 2012, 28 (9):  281-288.  Abstract + ( 963 )   PDF ( 2366224KB )   ( 761 ) Agricultural landscape is the vital part of Chinese rural landscape resources. In order to make full use and plan landscape resources as well as build, the author took Luan Country as an example. Conclusively evaluate the study area by visual quality and visual sensitivity. Visual quality based on VRM systems that appraise on landform, vegetation, water, color, adjacent scenery and visual pleasure degrees six indicators. Visual sensitivity selected relative slope of landscape, relative distance of landscape, the visual probability of landscape as evaluation indicators. Weighted superposition two evaluates results by GIS system and so on. Through natural breaks divided visual resource into four grades. Grade Ⅰ accounting 43.65% of total area, Grade Ⅱ accounting 37.21%, Grade Ⅲ accounting 15.17%, Grade Ⅳ accounting 3.97%. The results showed that Luan Country had a better overall visual resource, but a number of towns in the central that visual landscape resources need to be improved.

  Study on XMPP Applied to Standard Protocol of the Internet of Things 2012, 28 (9):  289-292.  Abstract + ( 1483 )   PDF ( 1005675KB )   ( 1787 ) In order to solve problem of information exchanging and sharing between Internet of Things, this thesis studied on one standard protocol of Internet of Things based on XMPP. Three roles which were Internet of Things terminal, gateway and server were designed in new standard protocol. The main functions of server were information storing, connection managing and information routing. Gateway took charge of intercommunication between different Internet of Things. Instruction and data were in the form of XML stream. Addressing used the format of which was similar to email. This new standard protocol had applied in agricultural monitoring system. The results showed that it not only collected data from different Internet of Things, but also transmitted data between different Internet of Things. These were in favor of integration and comprehensive application of Internet of Things.

  Research Progress on the Distributed Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Model and Its Spatial Scaling Based on GIS 2012, 28 (9):  293-296.  Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 486600KB )   ( 757 ) The combination of geographic information system (GIS) and the distributed soil erosion and sediment yield model is the development direction of the model, and the spatial scale conversion of the model is an important aspect in the study. In this paper, recent researches about the distributed soil erosion and sediment yield model based on GIS and its spatial scale conversion at home and abroad were summarized. Light of the actual situation of the GIS-based model and its spatial scale conversion study in China, the main problems of the current study were analyzed and the development direction for the research of the model and its spatial scale conversion in China were proposed.

  Design and Implement of Traceability Management System of Agricultural Products Quality 2012, 28 (9):  297-301.  Abstract + ( 1099 )   PDF ( 943953KB )   ( 927 ) To establish the traceability mechanism of agricultural products safety, and the application of promote domestic based software in the supervision area of agricultural products quality and safety, the circulation characteristics of agricultural products, like fruits, vegetables, livestock and poultry, were analyzed, the business component libraries of management and traceability inquires of agricultural products quality and safety were designed, and the way to combine the traceability code with circulation key information was introduced. Based on the run-time-supporting environment provided by domestic based software, traceability management system of agricultural products quality and safety was constructed, which provided the information interaction and comprehensive management platform of agricultural products quality and safety based on domestic based software for the government, enterprises and consumers. Through the application demonstration, the quality control and information traceability of full circulation of agricultural products was achieved effective and reliably, and the management level of agricultural products quality and safety was improved.

  A Research Review of Study on Agricultural Heritage in China 2012, 28 (9):  302-306.  Abstract + ( 1060 )   PDF ( 517339KB )   ( 1216 ) In order to make further progress agricultural cultural heritage in China. We analysis and summarize the literatures which publish in the representative publication of china in this decade and can be indexed by CQVIP, reviewed the internal research process of agricultural cultural heritage. The article summarized the research fields, which were concept, value, conservation and tourism of agricultural cultural heritage. In addition, the paper proposes an agenda for future studies on agricultura1 heritages, which including the broadening of the research scope, innovative research methodologies, study on the tourism development and conservation of agricultural cultural heritages in the perspective of the Community Participation. This research was expected to give some references for agricultural cultural heritage further research and some inspires agricultural cultural heritage development.

  Study on Cultivating Marketing Strategy of Urban Leisure Agriculture 2012, 28 (9):  307-311.  Abstract + ( 1007 )   PDF ( 637690KB )   ( 889 ) Leisure agriculture plays an important role on the cities sustainable development. The main reason which restrict the development of leisure agriculture such as management extensive due to lack of variety leisure design; lacking individual characteristics which was hard to adapt to the market personal need, the backward of marketing idea which lead to inadequate of all directional element instilled; thrift and frugality traditional values restricted leisure consumption. In order to promote leisure agriculture attraction fully and stimulating demand, the following measures should be taken, such as to design different zone for leisure; develop the special items and innovation of marketing modes to strengthen elements investment and improve consume level, create cultural imagery to realize ecological value and so on.

  Study on Construction of Tourist Attractions System of Rural Tourism 2012, 28 (9):  312-316.  Abstract + ( 957 )   PDF ( 540736KB )   ( 874 ) Rural tourism started in the 1980s, developed in the 1990s after mid in China. The development of economy, increased income, the change of outlook on life and consumption structure and the improvement of the life quality promote changes and demand of the leisure lifestyle. Rural tourism has become the inevitable product of the interactive between modern urban and rural. Rural tourism is a new industry that came from solving the problem of agriculture, farmers and rural. It will play a more prominent role in the future development. This paper researched on tourist attractions which the emphasis of rural tourism development planning, described relationship between rural tourism and tourism attraction and discussed the construction of tourist attractions system of rural tourism perception from tourists perception and tourism elements integrated. The author hope this paper could provided useful reference for rural tourism planning.