Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.5 Published:05 March 2011

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  Advances in Induced Technology of Modern Safe Seed Breeding and Hybrid Seed Production of Two-line Hybrid Rice 2011, 27 (5):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1438 )   PDF ( 670278KB )   ( 1246 ) The significance of modern safe seed breeding and hybrid seed production of two-line hybrid rice were discussed, the high fertility conversion temperature, “genetic drift”, the selection of seed production bases, the unreasonable arrangements of seed production seasons and the unstable output of TGMS line reproduction were the major problems existed in the safe seed breeding and production of two-line hybrid rice which were proposed in this paper. The selection of practical TGMS line, the strengthen of “core seed” production and using the principle of “low temperature breeding and effective temperature accumulation” were specified, which were used to security high-yield breeding of two-line hybrid rice. The weather decision support system of hybrid seed production base was based for effective chosen the hybrid seed production base and the production time which was the main technical measurements for solving the problems above.

  Research Progress on Effect of Tillage and Cultivation Method on Quality of Rice 2011, 27 (5):  6-9.  Abstract + ( 1255 )   PDF ( 531659KB )   ( 1195 ) This paper not only from the regular tillage and cultivation method (sowing time and density, harvest time, water irrigation, fertilizer application) ,but also further on characteristic cultivation measures that is advocated by green agriculture, recycling agriculture (organic cultivation, straw returning, rice-duck integrated farming, no-tillage, paddy-upland rotation) reviewed two sides of different tillage and cultivation measures on rice milling quality, exterior quality, cooking and eating quality and nutritional impact and so on, In order to study how to improve the rice quality comprehensively to provide theoretical basis.

  Studies of China System of Rice Intensification 2011, 27 (5):  10-17.  Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 686807KB )   ( 1352 ) The system of rice intensification (SRI) is 80 years of the 20th century by the Father Henri de Laulanie Madagascar proposed a new cultivation method, system of rice intensification in Madagascar's application was a better yield effect, in recent years, in Indonesia, China and other countries had carried out tests showed a larger initial yield potential, breaking the larger of Chinese traditional practice of planting density. Appropriate cultivation techniques through a combination of enhanced screening and factor analysis results showed that: the technology in China, strong adaptability and good yield, improved field of air and light, reducing the incidence of sheath blight, rice plants increased photosynthetic capacity, increasing root activity, enhancing nutrient transport, increase the rice milled rice, chalky rice rate reduction, and to save both labor and species, to increase revenue. As Chinese ecological conditions around the big difference, through Sichuan Province, Zhejiang Province and Jiangxi Province and more than 10 cities, which were studied around the improvement obtained for rice intensification technology.

  Advance of Phosphate-Signaling Pathway in Rice 2011, 27 (5):  18-21.  Abstract + ( 1234 )   PDF ( 549159KB )   ( 1566 ) Phosphorus (Pi) is one of the major nutrients for higher plant growth and development. Recently studies show that OsPHR2, OsSPX1, OsmiR399, OsPHO, OsIPS1, OsIPS2, OsSIZ1 and pht1 family have been shown to be involved in the phosphate-related signal transduction and regulation pathways. OsPHR2 and OsSPX1 have the similar function with the homologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, overexpression of OsPHR2 and suppression of OsSPX1 are resulted in severe signs of toxicity caused by the over-accumulation of Pi. The majority of the plants PTs belong to the Pht1 family. Recent study advances of Phosphate-Signaling Pathway in rice were reviewed.

  Research actuality of Breeding High-lysine Variety in Zea mays 2011, 27 (5):  22-24.  Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 516150KB )   ( 1079 ) The high-quality protein maize breeding, and the breeding methods, problems are analyzed and discussed in the research, the conventional breeding method is the generally methods in high lysine variety breeding. This paper suggests that impactful utilize the modern molecular biology and analytical instruments were the effective measure in high lysine varieties breeding of the maize.

  The Background and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Maize 2011, 27 (5):  25-28.  Abstract + ( 1461 )   PDF ( 543793KB )   ( 1745 ) The research progress on genetic background and utilization of maize germplasm resources is reviewed in this paper, including maize heterotic groups and heterotic models, their flexible application in breeding, and the use of various types of base materials. It shows that germplasm resource is a prerequisite and basis for maize breeding. In-depth understanding and a reasonable choice of germplasm resources, can significantly improve the breeding efficiency, speed up the breeding process. At the same time, it is considered that the basis materials selection and construction in maize breeding, cannot be only confined in heterosis groups and heterosis modes, but also rationally use them according to different types of germplasm resources, as well as breeding aim and personal thought of breeder.

  Study and Utilization of Wild Relatives of Wheat in Xinjiang Province 2011, 27 (5):  29-32.  Abstract + ( 1473 )   PDF ( 551714KB )   ( 1449 ) Wild relatives of wheat with cold, drought, salinity, disease resistance and high-protein and other excellent characteristics have rich species and diverse types. Wild relatives of wheat provide excellent foreign genes for wheat breeding. Xinjiang Province is one of the centers of wheat wild relatives genetic diversity. In this paper, the distribution and research utilization of wild relatives of wheat in Xinjiang Province has done an explanation, and put forward the necessity and the measures to protect wild relatives of wheat.

  A Review of DNA Molecular Markers and Its Application in Sorghum Breeding 2011, 27 (5):  33-39.  Abstract + ( 1371 )   PDF ( 629713KB )   ( 1654 ) In the recent years, the molecular techniques developed rapidly, and it was used in Sorghum diversity. DNA mo1ecular markers had many advantages compared with the traditional methods, so they were efficient techniques in Sorghum research. This paper briefly introduced six major types of DNA molecular markers, and summarized the present situations of molecular markers in relevant study and application in sorghum breeding in past years, such as the construction of genetic spectrum and gene locating, association of genetics, mutants. Finally, the perspective and the question of molecular marker’s application in Sorghum genetic breeding in the future were discussed.

  Research Progress in Strains Differentiation and Detection Research of Potato Virus Y 2011, 27 (5):  40-43.  Abstract + ( 1131 )   PDF ( 634199KB )   ( 1273 ) Potato virus Y (PVY) has become one of main viruses on tobacco. Now there are few reports on the variation of PVY, but the occurrence of PVY variation should arouse scientific researchers’ attention. This paper introduced the course of strains differentiation of PVY and gave a general account of methods of detecting PVY. With the introduction of seed resources and changes of environment, variation strains of PVY have constantly appeared which put forward a higher requirement to the detection methods, so various detection methods should be used comprehensively to improve the detection accuracy in practice.

  Advances of Research of Roots Responses to Environmental Stress on Soil 2011, 27 (5):  44-48.  Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 573860KB )   ( 1494 ) Roots are a dynamic interface of soil and plant. Plant roots can anchor plants, absorb and transport water and nutrients in soil, synthesis and storage of nutrients and other important functions. In recent years, the research methods are improved and the technology of the modern roots quantitative analysis is developed, and then the research of roots are obtained attention. Thus there are a number of new research directions. This paper introduced the advances of research in roots at home and abroad in recent years. It also included roots responses to environmental stress on soil to provide reference for research on root systems.

  Advances on the Effect of Different Nutrient Elements on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Potential 2011, 27 (5):  49-52.  Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 542101KB )   ( 1135 ) Because the biological nitrogen fixation is a global strategic problem, and symbiotic nitrogen fixation is the main part of biological nitrogen fixation. Thus it is very important to research the nitrogen fixation potential between legume and Rhizobium. In the article, the statue about the effect of macro-elements and micro-elements on the nitrogen fixation potential of root nodule and its main progresses were summarized. At the same time, the mechanism about the effect of nutrient elements on nitrogen fixation potential was discussed, and the prospect of symbiotic nitrogen fixation was described.

  Advances in differential proteomics based on 2-DE in Botany 2011, 27 (5):  53-57.  Abstract + ( 1518 )   PDF ( 600610KB )   ( 1989 ) The Genome has been sequenced for the model plant of Arabidopsis and rice, and functional genome researches become the focus of genomics research in plant. Proteomics study is one of the cores of functional genome researches, which helps to understand plant functions on molecular level. Two-dimensional electrophoresis is one of the main techniques of proteomics. This article gave an overview of the advances in plant differential proteomics study based on 2-DE, which included the differential proteomic study of the plant tissues, organs and subcellur compositions in the development and under stress by the external environmental conditions. At last, the problems in this area were analyzed and the prospects were provided.

  A Study on Plant Shape Characters of Nitrogen High Efficiency and High Yield Varieties in Mid-season Hybrid Rice 2011, 27 (5):  58-64.  Abstract + ( 1410 )   PDF ( 646415KB )   ( 1081 ) In this treatise, the plant shape characters of nitrogen high efficiency and high yield variety was investigated using 16 mid-season hybrid rice combinations in two levers nitrogen applied. The results showed that there were significant genotype differences in nitrogen efficiency, the nitrogen recovery efficiency and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency are the important index for selecting nitrogen high efficiency and high yield variety in mid-season hybrid rice. In 25 plant shape characters, there were significant effect of the maximum tillers, the grain Leaf ratio, the 1000-grain weight, the length and the width of 3rd leaf from top on the nitrogen recovery efficiency and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency. In normal nitrogen applied condition for high grain yield, the plant shape characters for nitrogen high efficiency and high yield variety in mid-season hybrid rice were that the tillering ability, the seed setting percentage, the 1000-grain weight, the length of 3rd leaf from top, the dry weight of biology yield and the harvest index all were relatively high, but the width of 3rd leaf from top and the grain Leaf ratio at full panicle stage were relatively low, the R2 of them on the nitrogen recovery efficiency and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency were 93.99% and 95.82%. Which can be used as an reference index of selecting mid-season hybrid variety for nitrogen high efficiency and high yield variety.

  Studies on Biological Diversity and Genetic Differentiation of Heilongjiang Weedy Rice and Cultivated Rice 2011, 27 (5):  65-69.  Abstract + ( 1364 )   PDF ( 560634KB )   ( 890 ) To evaluate the genetic diversity and variation of weed rice and cultivated rice, 50 accessions of weed rice and 18 cultivars of cultivated rice were analyzed by 9 phytological characteristics. The results showed that, Weeds in rice plants high, ear length, the average number of grains per spike, seed setting rate, awn length, awn color, grain color and other botanical features great variation than those of cultivated rice. Nei’s genetic diversity (h) indicated that the genetic diversity of weed rice was obviously higher than that of cultivated rice. The UPGMA cluster analysis revealed that there was a close relationship between weed rice and cultivated rice, but distinct genetic differentiation was detected between them, supporting the point of view that they are two independent species.

  The Response and Correlation Analysis of Rice Seedlings Growth to Low-light Stress 2011, 27 (5):  70-79.  Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 941260KB )   ( 1466 ) Rice variety with different low-light-resistant ability had different response against light. So low-light-resistant rice could be screened from a large number of germplasm resources of rice varieties resistant to low light quickly and effectively, and then the selection efficiency was promoted. 61 rice varieties (inbreed lines) with different genes were treated by shading at seedling stage. The change of leaf age, seedling height, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root-shoot ratio, root volume, chlorophyll content (SPAD) and total dry weight per plant were studied. Correlation analysis and path analysis of 9 characters were carried out too. The results showed that chlorophyll content of all varieties was increased by 55% shading. Seedling height of some varieties were improved, the others were dropped. Most varieties of root length, leaf age, root volume, root dry weight decreased at different degrees, a few varieties were increased. Shoot dry weight and total dry weight per plant of all varieties decreased at different extents. Moreover, the direct path coefficient that the relative index of shoot dry weight, root dry weight and root length to total dry weight per plant under low light environment were 0.7593, 0.2105 and 0.0346, respectively, and the correlation coefficients were 0.9034, 0.7634 and 0.6862, respectively. It was suggested that the relative index of shoot dry weight under low light environment might be used as believable indicator to identify the low light tolerance of rice, and the relative index of root dry weight and root length under low light environment could be used as assistant indicator.

  Comparative Study on Different Cultivation Patterns of Later Rice in Straw Returning 2011, 27 (5):  80-84.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 641726KB )   ( 1002 ) The application of early straw returning and later rice simplified cultivation techniques are the most important measure both in the current development of new farming systems and quality and efficient agriculture. In this study, the three cultivation patterns (handmade transplanting, mechanical interpolation and scattered transplanted) of later rice were comparative studied. The results showed that the method of handmade transplanting got the highest yield, but only a little bit higher than the mechanical interpolation, while scattered transplanted got much lower yield. Compared to handmade transplanting treatment, the dry matter accumulation of mechanical interpolation was similar in heading stage, maturity stage and heading-maturity stage; and the dry matter accumulation of handmade transplanting and mechanical interpolation was significantly higher than the scattered transplanted in heading-maturity stage. The effective tillers of three cultivation patterns were reduced in straw returning, especially scattered transplanted. In addition, compared with the handmade transplanting and scattered transplanted, the mechanical interpolation significantly saved more time and money. On the whole, in early straw returning conditions, mechanical interpolation expresses high and stable yield. Therefore, the mechanical interpolation is worthy of planting in Zhejiang Province, and it has broad application prospects.

  Cold Tolerance Comparing During the Booting Stage of Main Cultivated Rice Varieties in Jilin Province 2011, 27 (5):  85-88.  Abstract + ( 1086 )   PDF ( 640707KB )   ( 1083 ) In order to make a reasonable arrangement of rice varieties in Jilin province and reduce the dangerous of low temperature, cold-tolerance research was carried out during booting period on the base of the main rice cultivars. 7 main cultivated rice varieties in Jilin province (‘Changbai9’, ‘Changbai16’, ‘Jijing803’, ‘Jijing105’, ‘Jiling88’, ‘Jijing 8’, ‘Jijing81’) were treated with low temperature 16℃ at booting stage. After low temperature treatment for 6-14 days continuous 9 days, the rice grain empty rate was determined through linear interpolation. And the relationship between the grain empty rate and days in low temperature was analyzed by using regression method. The results indicated that all of the rice varieties in this test showed the highest grain empty rate when in low temperature for 10-13 days after which the change were not significant. ‘Changbai19’ which was the most sensitive variety to low temperature was first reached highest empty grain rate. And according to the result, ‘Jijing81’ was the most insensitive variety to low temperature. The cold tolerance ability of the other 5 varieties was moderate. From this paper, we can conclude that low temperature tolerance ability was different significantly among varieties, and low temperature tolerance selection is one of the effective ways to increase cold resistance of rice.

  Highlights in theVegetable Stage System of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) 2011, 27 (5):  89-93.  Abstract + ( 1354 )   PDF ( 580594KB )   ( 1275 ) This paper reviewed the phasic development of the rice plant and described in detail the developmental courses of root, shoot and leaf. These studies were based on the morphological and anatomical viewpoints. Recent advancement in genetics and molecular biology was integrated into the substages of each rice vegetable organ. Many mutants were found in the rice and this made us categorized the developmental processes more accurately. This work made the architecture and the developmental stages of rice plant cleared from the molecular aspect and also provided a theoretical foundation for various rice varieties with higher yield potential and greater yield stability.

  Study on Response of Early Rice to P Application and Abundance and Deficiency Indices of Soil Available P in different Regions of Hunan Province 2011, 27 (5):  94-99.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 694660KB )   ( 1021 ) 120 field trails of phosphate fertilizer (P) application on early rice were conducted in main double-rice cropping regions of Hunan Province during 2005 to 2008. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of P on early rice yield and profit, and to determine abundance and deficiency indices of soil available P. The results showed that P fertilizer application significantly increased early rice yield and profit compared with no P application. The ranking order of yield increase and profit rate among three study areas were the east-central region > the north region > the south region. Soil available P content significantly affected response in yield and profit with P application, and there were significantly negative correlations between yield increment, VCR and soil available P. The low, medium, high indices for soil available P in the north region were < 8.8 mg/kg, 8.8-26.1 mg/kg and > 26.1 mg/kg, and in the east-central region were < 9.3 mg/kg, 9.3-26.1 mg/kg and > 26.1mg/kg, and in the south region were < 4.0 mg/kg, 4.0-19.4 mg/kg and > 19.4 mg/kg, respectively. The content of available P in the main area of whole province were at medium level, and in 15% of the whole area were at high level, only in small area were at low level.

  Effects of Ploughing and Fertilization Measures on the Growth and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in Mid Henan Province 2011, 27 (5):  100-104.  Abstract + ( 1408 )   PDF ( 791851KB )   ( 1153 ) With ‘Bainong Aikang 58’ as experimental material, the effects of ploughing and fertilization measures on the growth and grain yield characteristics of winter wheat were studied in mid Henan Province during 2008-2009. The experimental field was ploughed deeply during 2007-2008. In this experiment, 2 ploughing measures were arranged, and the tilling depth was 20 cm (A1) and 40 cm (A2), respectively. Under each ploughing measure, 3 fertilization treatments were set by random block design, which were compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm2 only (B1), compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm2 with chicken manure 1500 kg/hm2 (B2), and compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm2 with bean cake fertilizer 3000 kg/hm2 (B3), respectively. The results showed that A1 was more beneficial for wheat growth than A2 on plant height and population, chlorophyll content in leaves and dry matter accumulation per stem. From the fertilization measures, chlorophyll content in leaves and dry matter accumulation per stem was higher under B3 measure. Spike number and grain number per spike tended to be highest under A1B3, so the yield was also higher. Summing up the above, A1B3 was the considered measure in mid Henan Province.

  Effect of Organic Coated Urea on the Winter Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Utilization 2011, 27 (5):  105-108.  Abstract + ( 1342 )   PDF ( 957490KB )   ( 1064 ) A pot experiment was designed to observe the effect of winter wheat yield, nitrogen utilization (Agronomic N use efficiency (AE), Apparent N recovery efficiency (NRE) and Physiological N use efficiency (PNUE)) and harvest index of three new kinds of organic coated urea fertilizers. The results showed that: The organic coated urea could significantly increase the winter wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency compared with general urea in the same nitrogen (N) application rate. Under the fertilizer application level of include N 0.10 g/kg soil and include N 0.20 g/kg soil, the yield increase rate of organic coated urea2 (YU2) compared with general urea were 12.7%, 19.4%, respectively, and the increase rate of NRE were 14.8%, 10.8%, respectively. All the 3 kinds of organic coated urea fertilizers increased the AE, PNUE and harvest index in varying degrees compared with general urea under include N 0.20 g/kg soil N application level which the PNUE and harvest index increase rate of the organic coated urea3 (YU3) were 0.83 kg/kg and 2.56%, respectively with a significant difference; and the YU2 played the most important role in AE increase with the rate 4.04 kg/kg, 3.64 kg/kg, respectively, under include N 0.10 g/kg soil and include N 0.20 g/kg soil.

  The Pigment Color Wheat Spectroscopic and Antioxidant Properties 2011, 27 (5):  109-114.  Abstract + ( 1288 )   PDF ( 2735136KB )   ( 1049 ) In color pigment made of wheat, but the research and development of wheat ErBenJi clear color - 2 - bitter hydrazine base of free radicals are rarely studied.Studies of the pigment color grain spectroscopic and antioxidant properties in common wheat, through and ascorbic acid and determination by DPPH black wheat, blue, violet wheat grain of wheat, red, white, wheat grain of wheat pigment antioxidant, scavenging free radicals, the ability of the wheat with the increase of the concentration of the pigment, its antioxidant ability of free radicals, correspondingly improved. All sorts of color pigment crude extractings wheat with concentration-response relationship of antioxidant activity, and its free radicals ability than common wheat, but less than ascorbic acid, including black wheat pigment scavenging free radicals, the strongest blue and purple wheat grain of wheat scavenging free radicals, white wheat ability and red wheat clear ability weak but most common wheat than. This explains the darker skins of wheat, the stronger ability of free radicals. Common wheat, black, blue wheat grain of wheat, red, purple wheat grain of wheat, white wheat and Vc DPPH 50% clear of free radicals EC50 concentration (effective) respectively188.27, 54.26, 76.22, 94.05, 126.24, 110.04, 0.139. Its free radical scavenging capacity AE respectively by 0.53×10-2, 1.84×10-2, 1.31×10-2, 1.06×10-2, 0.79×10-2, 0.91×10-2, 719×10-2. Such as wheat color skin of a crude extractings pigment its ability of free radicals, which are better for further research, development and utilization of wheat color pigment theoretical basis.

  Effects of Different Potassium Concentration on Seedlings Growth of Three Varieties of Maize 2011, 27 (5):  115-119.  Abstract + ( 1260 )   PDF ( 889178KB )   ( 1235 ) The research purpose on effect of potassium nutrition on maize seedling growth was to give scientific evidences for improving the yield and quality of maize and higher efficient potassium fertilizer utilization. The different potassium concentration was conducted on three different varieties (‘Zhengdan958’, ‘Jidan 419’and ‘Simi21’) of maize seedlings by hydroponic culture experiments. The results showed that with potassium concentration reducing, the plant height, ground freshweight, underground freshweight, potassium content and chlorophyll content decreased, however, proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased; at without K treatment, the all maize seedlings growth were the worst..

  Multiple Regression and Path Analysis between Agronomic Traits and Yield of Sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas L.) in Regional Trails of North China 2011, 27 (5):  120-125.  Abstract + ( 1283 )   PDF ( 607925KB )   ( 1065 ) Multiple statistic methods were used to analyze relationship between agronomic traits and yield of sweetpotato in regional trails of North China. Results showed that effects of agronomic traits on fresh weight, dry weight and starch yield were different. Significant linear relationships existed between dry/fresh weight and weight of stem and leaf per plant, percentage of large and middle tuberous root, percentage of small tuberous root, and number of tuberous root per plant. The same relationship was also showed between starch yield and weight of stem and leaf per plant, percentage of dry content by regression analysis. Fresh weight of sweetpotato was extremely significant negative correlation relationship with percentage of dry matter content, percentage of starch content, and disease index by correlation analysis. Not only that, fresh weight had significant positive correlation with percentage of large and middle tuberous root, while significant negative correlation with percentage of small tuberous root. Dry weight had significant positive correlation with percentage of dry matter content, while significant negative correlation with branch number. Starch weight had significant positive correlation with percentage of dry matter content and starch content, while significant negative correlation with branch number. Influence of percentage of big and middle tuberous root and percentage of starch content on yield were higher, the magnitude and direction of weight of stem and leaf per plant, length of vine, branch number, percentage of dry matter content on fresh weight, dry weight and starch weight were different. Accordingly, plant with higher stem diameter, shorter length of vine, fewer branch number, regular tuberous root, moderate the number of tuberous root, higher percentage of big and middle tuberous root were preferred in high yield cultivation. Percentage of dry matter content and starch content were still emphasized in variety choosing of high dry matter and starch.

  Effects of Controlled Release Urea on Maize Yield and Apparent N Recovery Rates of Spring Maize in Jilin Province 2011, 27 (5):  126-129.  Abstract + ( 1311 )   PDF ( 577710KB )   ( 1091 ) Field plot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different application quantities of controlled-releases urea and common urea on spring maize yield and apparent N recovery rates at maize foundation seed farm, Taojia, Jilin Province. The results showed that in comparison with common urea, the controlled release urea at 100% and 75% application rates increased the spring maize yield rate by 10.8% and 8.1%, the difference was significant. Mixed application of controlled release N and common N could increase maize yield obviously by 7.3%. In comparison with common urea, the controlled release urea at 100% and 75% application rates increased the apparent N recovery rates by 50.4% and 57.3% and 75% application rates was higher than 100% application rates.

  The hybridization offect Analysis between Potato Cultures in Low-Latitude Plateau of Lijiang 2011, 27 (5):  130-133.  Abstract + ( 1165 )   PDF ( 665624KB )   ( 858 ) With the highly heterozygous autotetraploid genetic background of potato cultures, directional breeding of a new potato variety is rather difficult. If, after the hybridization effect and the combining ability of potatoes are estimated, breeding of new potato varieties also has some rules to follow. The 93 crosses from the hybrid population of 15 potato parents planted in low-latitude plateau of Lijiang were analyzed. The results showed that the average irregular fruit rate (IFR) was 32.06% with 621 setting- flowers and 1937 pollinated flowers. There were 60 of 93 crosses to set fruits ; ‘Lishu6’, ‘GD2’, ‘Lishu7’, ‘Mira’, ‘NinglangA’ and ‘ZHXW’ were suitable as female parents, and ‘CIP004’, ‘CIP005’, ‘AWYY’, ‘GD1’ and ‘LSYY’ were suitable as male parents. ‘GD2’ and ‘Lishu7’ as male parents were no offspring, belonging to male sterility type. The flower setting percentage of ‘NinglangA’ as male parent was just 2%. The 19 crosses over 70% of the irregular-fruit-rate (IFR) are more from combinations of Yunnan potato landraces and CIP potato germplasms.

  The Study on the Effect of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Yield, Chlorophyll, Metabolite of Carbon and Nitrogen of ‘Xiangzayou763’ Rapes 2011, 27 (5):  134-138.  Abstract + ( 1247 )   PDF ( 673124KB )   ( 974 ) To determine reasonable organic fertilizer matching of quality rapeseed, and promote utilization of poultry and animal feces, the field experiment was conducted to study on the effects of combined application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizer on yield, chlorophyll, and metabolites of carbon and nitrogen of “xiangzayou763” rapes in condition that organic manure instead of 50%, 30% and 10%. The results showed that the highest yield was 2055.00 kg/hm2, 10% OM treatment was highest than other treatments, following with pure chemical fertilizer. Compared three types of organic fertilizer processing yield, with the increased of application proportion of organic manure, the yield was reduced. The contents of chlorophyll-a, b and total chlorophyll were reduced with the amount of fertilize, the trend of soluble sugar content against with chlorophyll content. The content and total of free amino acids were less than pure chemical fertilizer processing. Pure chemical fertilizer processing had the highest of the free amino acid total, following with 10% OM processing. Overall, with the reasonable organic and inorganic fertilizer ratio (10% OM treatment) processed, the total of soluble sugar, free amino acid was high, thus ensured the highest output. Therefore, 10% of the nitrogen literacy was the most reasonable organic ratio in this experiment.

  Prelimilary Study on the Relationship between Stem Microstructure and Lodging Resistance 2011, 27 (5):  139-143.  Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 1024255KB )   ( 1053 ) Brassica napus L. is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Based on three kinds of Rapeseed of Brassica napus L. with different lodging resistance, this paper analyzed the stem microstructure of resistant lodging and lodging rape, and studied the influence of the N, P and K on medium resistant lodging rape. The results showed that cells in xylem of ‘Zhongshuang 9’ (the longitudinal section) was lined linearly along the direction of stem growth, and became more regularly and closely than XYY2, whose length to width ratio of cells (the cross-section) >2, however, lots of cells (the longitudinal section) in xylem were lined irregularly, whose length to width ratio of cells of XYY2 (the cross-section) <2, which arrayed irregularly. The rays of vascular cylinder of ‘Zhongshuang 9’ cross cambium, but ones of XYY2 did not. It was helpful for growth of keratincytes of exodermis so as to enhance lodging resistance for application of N, P and K fertilizers.

  Study on Construction of Determination Model of Rapeseed Quality with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 2011, 27 (5):  144-148.  Abstract + ( 1382 )   PDF ( 1073542KB )   ( 1229 ) To determine the quality of rapeseed quickly, the moisture, fat, protein and fibre of rapeseed were detected with near-infrared spectroscopy. Outliers were judged and eliminated through spectrum leverage. The determination models of near-infrared spectroscopy of moisture, fat, protein and fibre of rapeseed were built, and they can be used to detect the moisture, fat, protein and fiber of rapeseed.

  The relationships of pH and available nutrient in Nanping tobacco-growing soil 2011, 27 (5):  149-153.  Abstract + ( 1442 )   PDF ( 730198KB )   ( 1605 ) 利用南平市植烟土壤普查资料，分析土壤pH现状、演变趋势及其与土壤养分的关系。结果表明：土壤pH平均为5.19，CV仅7.90%；烤烟生长最适宜pH（5.5~6.5）的土壤样本占16.49%，适宜pH（5.0~7.0）的土壤样本占70.21%。各县（市）土壤pH平均值差异不大，但烤烟生长适宜pH土壤比例却差异很大，浦城、光泽、延平均达80%以上，而武夷山、顺昌、政和却只有40.72%~59.22%。与1994年相比，土壤呈酸化趋势，但近年来施用石灰或白云石粉缓和了土壤酸化，提高了土壤pH。土壤pH与水溶性氯及有效锰、铜、锌含量之间呈极显著负相关，与速效磷和钾、交换性钙和镁、有效铁和硼含量之间呈极显著正相关，且土壤交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硼、速效磷含量与土壤pH关系最为密切，对其有效性影响最大。土壤pH分组后，其养分含量在组间存在极显著差异。南平烟区pH 5.5~6.5的土壤氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和硼的有效性较高，而硫、铜、锰、锌和氯的有效性较低但未见烤烟大田缺素症状，铁的有效性虽较高但未见大田烤烟中毒。

  Analysis of Nutrients in Tobacco Growing Soils of Ningxiang County 2011, 27 (5):  154-162.  Abstract + ( 1387 )   PDF ( 1189623KB )   ( 1335 ) In order to investigate nutrients in tobacco growing soils of Ningxiang County, 154 soil samples were collected and analyzed from 9 tobacco growing towns in Ningxiang County. The results showed that the average soil pH value was 5.79, the average contents of organic matter was 43.60 g/kg, available N was 174.38 mg/kg, available P was 19.38 mg/kg, available K was 87.81 mg/kg, exchangeable Mg was 1.36 cmol/kg, available B was 0.40 mg/kg, available Zn was 1.74 mg/kg, available S was 28.35 mg/kg. The pH value, available Z, available B and exchangeable Mg content were appropriate in tobacco-growing soil of the whole county. The content of organic matter and available N were higher. The content of available S and available P were superfluous in some tobacco-growing areas. The supply of available K was obviously deficient. The soil fertility characteristics had greater difference among different tobacco-growing towns. The fertilization suggestion of decreasing N, controlling P and S, increasing K, proper complementing micro-fertilizer in the tobacco-growing areas of Ningxiang County were recommended.

  Analysis of Nutrient Content in Soil of Main Flue-cured Tobacco Production Areas in Pingdingshan 2011, 27 (5):  163-167.  Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 586084KB )   ( 1103 ) Good soil quality provides the probability for producing tobacco leaves with high quality. Its soil nutrient content influence the quality of tobacco leaf directly. This paper analyzed 308 soil samples from flue-cured tobacco fields in six main flue-cured tobacco production areas in Pingdingshan city. The characteristics of soil nutrient contents in tobacco fields of each county were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the pH values of 91.23% soil samples were above 5.5 and the average value was 6.93. The average values of organic substance contents was 15 g/kg. The average contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 91.6、12.6 and 108.3 mg/kg respectively .the chorine values of 84.7% soil samples were below 30 mg/kg and the average contents was 21.2 mg/kg. Based on this survey, a recommendation for fertilization in this tobacco production area was put forword: control N rate, increased P rate, supplying K in general.

  Construction of Flax Molecular ID Card System by RAPD Marker and Genetic Diversity Analysis 2011, 27 (5):  168-174.  Abstract + ( 1187 )   PDF ( 1251248KB )   ( 1126 ) The 1480 RAPD primers were used in the experiment. 26 flax materials from different countries were used for primer selection. 32 primers were selected which can amplify clear and reproducible polymorphic bands. The PCR results showed that the total of 79 polymorphic bands were amplified, the rate of polymorphic bands is 44.4%. The 32 random primers were used for genetic diversity analysis of 26 flax materials. The dendrogram was constructed based on genetic distances by using UPGMA method．The dendogram showed that 26 materials were clustered into 3 groups. The 10 core RAPD primers were selected from the 32 RAPD primers. They were S1047, S1230, S1238, S1270, S1314, S1353, S2105, SC07, SH04, ST09. The DNA fingerprints were constructed by the 10 core RAPD primers. There was a band as 1, there was not band as 0 in the fingerprints, and it constructed a digital fingerprint of 71 binary system numbers of one material. The ID cards of 26 flax materials were constructed by changing binary system into decimal system. The flax ID card system of RAPD marker was constructed primarily.

  Evaluation of Edible Canna (Canna Edulis Ker) Germplasms from Yunnan Province 2011, 27 (5):  175-179.  Abstract + ( 1314 )   PDF ( 654438KB )   ( 1201 ) The edible canna (Canna Edulis Ker) is an important tuber crop which can be used for starch production. We evaluated the edible canan germplasms from Yunnan for high starch content cultivars by yields, dry matter, and starch content at Yuxi, Yunnan, China. The result showed there was significant difference in the rate of flowering, the number of branches, yields, dry matter, and starch content among germplasms from Yunnan; the cultivars XC-1 from xichou, Yunnan, was valuable with high yield and high starch content. The valuable cultivars could be chosen from germplasms collected in Yunnan Provence, China.

  Salt Tolerant Variation between Different Type Cotton Cultivars at Seedling Stage 2011, 27 (5):  180-185.  Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 671187KB )   ( 1333 ) The salt tolerant variation between transgenic and insect-resistant upland cotton cultivar and normal upland cotton cultivar was identified to provide the guidance for breeding of salt tolerant and insect-resistant cotton cultivar. The experiments of sand and soil pot culture with different salinity were conducted with two types of cotton cultivar, Bt+Cpti upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar SGK321 and normal upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar SY321, to comparatively study their specific values of salt tolerance and dynamic changes of some salt tolerant indexes in physiology and biochemistry at seedling stage. The results showed that, under salt (NaCl) stress, contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Na+ in seedling leaves of SGK321 were higher than those of SY321, and contents of free proline, soluble sugar, carotenoid, K+, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b, peroxidase (POD) activity, K+/Na+ value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and various values of specific salt tolerance at seedling stage were all lower than those of SY321, its comprehensive index of salt tolerance was by 10.3% lower than that of SY321, the difference was significant. Generally, the salt tolerance of SGK321 was obviously lower than that of SY321 at seedling stage. Further analysis indicated, the salt tolerance of transgenic and insect-resistant upland cotton cultivar was obviously lower than that of normal upland cotton cultivar due to exogenetic and insect-resistant gene. It was the effective way of breeding for salt tolerant and insect-resistant cultivar that to select and exploit parent with strong salt tolerance, and pay more attention to salt tolerant selection.

  Effect of Sugarcane-soybean Intercropping on Soil Nutrients 2011, 27 (5):  186-189.  Abstract + ( 1652 )   PDF ( 645238KB )   ( 1361 ) The effects of sugarcane intercropping with soybean on soil nutrients have been studied as the scientific basis to establish Guangxi sugarcane favorable intercropping model. Soil organic matte, N, P and K contents were determined under different soybean cultivars (early, mid and late maturing), sowing dates and planting density. Results showed that intercropping of sugarcane with soybean enhanced the soil nutrient under the same fertilizer and management condition. Soil nutrient tend to decline after sowing sugarcane, but the declines were less under intercropping than under sugarcane single culture. Three factors (variety, sowing date and planting density) analysis showed that intercropping mid maturing soybean variety in one line and in mid February helped improving soil nutrient and balancing the soil fertility.

  Karyotype Analysis of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe. by Using CPD Staining and FISH with 45S rDNA 2011, 27 (5):  190-194.  Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 1250403KB )   ( 1118 ) The aim of the study was to identify the chromosomes of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe., and know something initially of the genome structure and evolution. In this study, mitotic metaphase chromosomes of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe. were well prepared by using an advanced chromosome preparation method. A classic karyotype of Pennsetum was constructed according to chromosome length, centromere position, and the occurrence of NOR. By fluorescent analysis and CPD staining we found that there were five pairs of 45S rDNA signals located on different chromosomes, three pairs signals are on the NORs of the chromosomes 8, 22 and 31, the other two pairs are on the shorts arms of the chromosomes of 4 and 30, corresponding the location of CPD staining bands; the last sites of CPD staining was on the short arm of the chromosome 5. The result of this study was that Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe was aneuploid, and the karyotype was 2n＝62+1=40m+12sm+1m， belonging to 2A.

  Effects of Night Breaks on the Delayed Flowering in Sugarcane 2011, 27 (5):  195-203.  Abstract + ( 1392 )   PDF ( 1022712KB )   ( 983 ) The aim of this research was to discuss the effect of night-break treatment on flowering of sugarcane in different strain and year. Experiments about different light intensity of night-break were conducted to study the effects of night-break on sugarcane’s flowering in 2006, 2007 and 2008. The results showed that delaying the flowering date for most early-flowering clones by all treatment was successful; for those tested strains, under the night-break treatment each year, with the increase of light intensity, the initial flowering date was delayed, the date of flowering in peak was postponed, the heading rate was declined; in the same year, for different clone, their beginning date of flowering, delayed days of the flowering and heading rate were very different; with the increase of light intensity, for the same clone on test, the beginning date of the flowering, the delayed days of the flowering, and the heading rate, had a trend of increasing difference among these years; the flowering time sustain for about a month, and it wasn’t impacted by different light intensity. For most early-flowering clones, the range of light intensity from 10.5~105 lx was effective to delay flowering time. This research would provide technical support and theoretical basis for sugarcane germplasm innovation and crossed fuzz production.

  Quantitative Traits Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Agronomic Traits of 120 Sorghum Lines 2011, 27 (5):  204-208.  Abstract + ( 1208 )   PDF ( 561655KB )   ( 998 ) In order to use sorghum lines better in the future of cross-breeding, 120 sorghum lines were studied in 5 agronomic traits by cluster analysis and statistical analysis. The results showed that low coefficient of variation of the whole growth period, plant height, ear length coefficient of variation of the main medium, 1000-grain weight and grain weight per spik were influenced significantly by the environment, so these traits can be used in cross-breeding and selective breeding. The 120 sorghum varieties could be divided into 2 groups and could be further divided into 6 sub-class, have their own characteristics of each sub-category for the future to provide the theoretical basis for heterosis.

  Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Leaf Morphology and Structure and Pigment Contents of Camptotheca acuminata 2011, 27 (5):  209-213.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 1066869KB )   ( 823 ) Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation (5.0 μW/cm2) on leaf morphology and structure and the contents of photosynthetic pigment and flavonoids in Camptotheca acuminata were investigated in pots experiment. The results showed as follows: (1)The contents of chlorophyll and flavonoids, the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b (Chla/Chlb) increased in earlier stage and decreased in later stage under enhanced UV-B radiation compared with which growing under natural light, while carotenoids content increased constantly. (2)The leaf shape asymmetry occurred because of skewing，the photosynthetic pigments distribution in leaves were uneven，the adaxial epidermis was thickened, the chloroplast structure was distorted. (3)Further studies with scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation revealed that the number of epidermal hairs and glandular trichomes increased, glandular trichomes turned shorter and wider, stomatal apparatus in abaxial epidermis were coverd by waxy and aperture decreased. Therefore, the author considered that the UV-B radiation treatment could start the defense system of Camptotheca acuminata seedling, but finally it still could do great harm to the membrane system, membrane lipid peroxidation appeared.

  Effects of Sowing Date on Yield and Growth Period of Late-season Rice in Guangdong Province 2011, 27 (5):  214-222.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 790561KB )   ( 1075 ) The main task of this study was to choose the best sowing date for late-season rice grown in 5 typical rice ecological zones in Guangdong Provinces and research impacts of climate change on yield of late-season rice cultivars released in recent years and widely used in commercial production. The interval sowing experiments were conducted by using super hybrid rice combinations Tianyou998, super rice cultivar Yuxiangyouzhan and one hybrid rice cultivar Tianyou428, grown in 5 locations e.s. Shaoguang, Zhaoqing, Guangzhou, Shantou, Zhanjiang, in 2009 late season. There were differences in effects of sowing date on yield and its components depending on the geography, especially the optimum sowing date of different location were July 2nd (B), July 16th (D), July 16th (D), July 23rd (E), July 9th (C), respectively. This study also analyzed the relationships between yield’s components and the environmental factors including temperature, precipitation, illumination and established stepwise regression equations, the results showed that periodic changes in weather environment, such as lower mean daily maximum temperature, lower mean daily minimum temperature, higher average day temperature and accumulated temperature, from reviving stage to the jointing stage, and higher average temperature and less average day sunshine hours from booting stage to heading stage, and more accumulated sunshine hours, were conductive to increasing late-season rice production.

  Study on the Nutrition Characteristics and the Fertilizer Effect of Hybrid Rice ‘Tian-you 998’ 2011, 27 (5):  223-227.  Abstract + ( 1247 )   PDF ( 779283KB )   ( 964 ) The nutrition characteristics and the fertilizer effect of ‘Tian-you 998’ were studied in this paper. The results showed that the yield was highest when 157.5 kg/hm2 N and 75 kg/hm2 K2O were applied. The demand of potassium was more than phosphate and nitrogen and the N, P2O5 and K2O were took away in ratio of 1:0.55:2.68. The influence of nitrogen on yield and agronomic characters of ‘Tian-you 998’ was clearly than that of potassium, It was the key nutrient factor for yield and agronomic characters. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrated in the tillering stage to heading stage, absorption of zinc mainly in the latter stage of growth period while the other trace elements concentrated in the medium term. This results provided a theoretic basis for scientific fertilizer management of ‘Tian-you 998’.

  Effects of Cultivation Regimes on Dry Matter Accumulation and Grain Yield in Japonica Giant Embryo Rice 2011, 27 (5):  228-233.  Abstract + ( 1240 )   PDF ( 1107062KB )   ( 921 ) For the purpose of studying the effects of different cultivation regimes on dynamics of dry matter accumulation in organs and grain yield components of ‘Japonica Xi-giant embryo-1’, the experiment studied the three different cultivation regimes of submerged irrigation, dry cultivation and ridge cultivation used ‘Japonica Xi-giant embryo-1’ as experimental materials, conventional japonica rice ‘Hexi-22-2’ as control. The transplanting size was (20+14) cm × 14 cm the seedling number two plants per hill. This experiment with randomized block design and three repeated. The results indicated that, under the ridge cultivation, the tillering and the dry matter accumulation of stems and leaves were increased, and it was beneficial to build the high-yielding population. The effective panicles number and grain number per spike were increased for delaying the senescence of leaf during late growth stage and promoting the transportation percentage of dry matter accumulation under the ridge cultivation. Finally, the grain yield was increased. Therefore, ridge cultivation was the most beneficial cultivation regimes to increase dry matter accumulation and obtained the highest grain yield.

  Effects of PP333 and Nutrient Elements Applied on Yields and Root Growth of Rice 2011, 27 (5):  234-237.  Abstract + ( 1048 )   PDF ( 565914KB )   ( 1026 ) Effects of PP333 or/and foliar nutrients on yield, root growth and nutrient content of rice were studied by field experiment. Results showed that PP333 combining with foliar nutrients have the best effects. This treatment could increase root biomass and root activity to improve the nutrients accumulation. The yield results demonstrated that rice sprayed with PP333 and nutrients had effective grains with 10.6 No./hill, seed setting rate with 94 grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight with 19.96 g, and yield by 11.89% compared with the control. Furthermore, the above treatment could enhance the lodging resistance and obviously increased root biomass and root activity to improve phosphorus, potassium accumulation in rice stem, leaves and grains. This research provides valuable references to technique of PP333 and nutrients applying on rice.

  Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Planning Mode on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of ‘Luliangyou 996’ 2011, 27 (5):  238-242.  Abstract + ( 1388 )   PDF ( 658490KB )   ( 993 ) ‘Luliangyou 996’ was used as material to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer planning modes (6:2:1:1 and 4:2:3:1) on yield formation and nitrogen utilization efficiency of super early rice. The main results showed that effects of nitrogen fertilizer planning modes on yield and source and sink characteristics were sigificant. Compared to 6:2:1:1 treatment, ear-differentiation duration and grain number per panicle were increased slightly, and ear-bearing tiller rate, effective panicles, leaf area and yield were improved significantly, while output percent of stem and sheath store matter was decreased significantly in 4:2:3:1 treatment. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of super early rice was affected significantly by nitrogen fertilizer planning mode. Compared to 6:2:1:1 treatment, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency were improved significantly in 4:2:3:1 treatment. These results showed that appropriate increase of ear-fertilizer was advantageous to improve source-sink relationship and heighten yield, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency of super early rice.

  Effect of Sowing Time and Planting Density on Yield and Components of ‘Jimai22’ with Super-high Yield 2011, 27 (5):  243-248.  Abstract + ( 1501 )   PDF ( 721937KB )   ( 1642 ) In order to provide some available cultural practices to the wide diffusion of ‘Jimai22’, the effect of sowing time and planting density on yield and its components were researched in field by 5 trial sites under 4 different planting districts. The results showed that the effect of sowing time was significant on number of spike per hm2, kernel weight and grain yield, but a little on kernels per spike. While the effect of planting density was significant on both grain yield and its components. The number of spike per hm2 was decreased with the delay of sowing time, while increased with the increase of planting density in an extent. While the changes of kernels per spike were opposite to the former, and the kernel weight was firstly increased and then decreased with the delay of sowing time, decreased with the increase of planting density. Different planting districts showed that marked effect on kernel weight of ‘Jimai22’ and less effect on number of spike per hm2 and kernels per spike. The available sowing time range of ‘Jimai22’ in the four planting districts were as follows: Oct. 8th to 14th for Lunan area, Oct. 6th to 12th for Ludong area, Oct. 1st to 7th for Lubei area, Oct. 10th to 16th for Luxi area. And the available planting density was ranged from 180~240×104/hm2. It was appeared that the increase of kernel weight were more efficient to exert the high yield potential of ‘Jimai22’ in the middle or high soil fertility districts. So in the following planting of ‘Jimai22’, the suitable sowing time and planting density were firstly considered, then some available cultural practices were used to obtain enough spikes, and on this basis, the kernel weight should be increased steadily.

  Research of Soil Environment and Fertility of Potato Grow in Dry Land Mulching Degradable Plastic Film 2011, 27 (5):  249-253.  Abstract + ( 1248 )   PDF ( 672374KB )   ( 1463 ) Experiments on plastic mulching were carried out in northern area of Yinshan Mountain in 2008 and 2009 to alleviate the pollution caused by mulching film residue and improve the water use efficiency in arid area. Research of different mulching treatments on soil temperature, soil moisture and the growth and development of potato were studied. The results showed that temperature of three degradable plastic films same as the ordinary plastic film. Water use efficiency of degradable film C was 73.25 and 63.05 in 2008 and 2009 respectively, were higher than the other two kinds of degradable film. From the point view of potato growth and development, emergence of three kinds of degradation film was significantly higher than ordinary film, but plant height and leaf number was significantly lower than ordinary film. There was no significant difference from different kind of film. The insulation effect of degradation film was good, but water retention was relatively poor; The main growth limiting factor of local crop was water from years of practice, so promotion of the degradable film in the arid zone has yet to be considered.

  Cassava Yield Effect of four Kinds Secondary-micro Nutrient Fertilizer 2011, 27 (5):  254-258.  Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 649533KB )   ( 848 ) According to the soil nutritional requirements of cassava which was from International Center of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), the results of Secondary-micro nutrient fertilizer trial where had been continuous cropping 15 yeas cassava in Danzhou City, Hainan Province, P.R China showed that Mg fertilizer increased 14.3% fresh root yield and 10.6% starch yield compared to without fertilizer (CK) when the soil exchangeable Mg (12.2 mg/kg) was very low nutrition; but Ca, Zn and Cu fertilizer could not increased fresh root yield and starch yield compared to CK when the soil exchangeable Ca (130.6 mg/kg), available Zn (0.74 mg/kg) and Cu (0.11 mg/kg) were low nutrition. According to the soil survey, the soil exchangeable Mg were very low nutrition in many traditional cassava production area in Guangxi Province and Hainan Province, so it need seriously pay attention to apply Mg fertilizer; moreover, the soil exchangeable Ca, available Zn, Mn, Cu and B were very low or low nutrition on some cassava area in Guangxi Province or Hainan Province, it also needed to pay attention to apply above secondary-micro fertilizer.

  Responses of Grain Yield and Stem, Leaf Parameters of Oilseed Rape to Applying Fertilizer Levels under Different Planting Densities 2011, 27 (5):  259-264.  Abstract + ( 1040 )   PDF ( 1014273KB )   ( 933 ) A field plot experiment was conducted to study the responses of grain yield and stem, leaves parameters of ‘Xiang Zayou 763’ (a new hybrid variety of winter oilseed rape with high quality) to 4 levels of application fertilizer under planting density conditions of high (375 thousand plants/hm2), middle (225 thousand plants/hm2) and low (75 thousand plants/hm2). The results showed that grain yield, siliques per plant, seeds per pod, weight of thousand seeds, diameter of rootstalk at wintering and flowering stages, numbers of green leaf per plant at wintering stage, numbers of green leaf on main stem per plant at flowering stage, length and width of the biggest leaf at wintering stage, length and width of the first leaf without handling at flowering stage increased with fertilizer application amount under 3 kinds of planting density, but the degrees of their increases were different from planting densities. The increased degrees of grain yield, diameter of rootstalk at wintering stages were biggest under the middle planting density, the other indexes heavily increased under low planting density, while under high planting density, the increased degrees of all indexes were small. Therefore, grain yield, diameter of rootstalk at wintering stages at treatments of middle planting density and high application N level increased heavily (N, P2O5, K2O and B were 240, 120, 210, 1.2 kg/hm2), the increased degrees of other indexes were highest at the treatments of low planting density and high application N levels.

  Effect of Salicylic Acid on Sugarcane Seeding Stage under Low Temperature Stress 2011, 27 (5):  265-268.  Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 702431KB )   ( 1241 ) Using ROC22 as experimental materials, the sugarcane seeding leaves were sprayed by 0.5 mmol/L salicylic acid (SA), and then in low temperature stress at 7℃, the effects of SA on cold resistance of sugarcane seeding were studied. The results showed that pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA reduced the relative conductivity and the contents of MDA, and increased the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free amino acid, and slowed down the decreasing of leaf chlorophyll content. It indicated that SA could slow down the injury of sugarcane seeding under low temperature stress, and then increased cold resistance of sugarcane seeding.

  Study on GPC clean-up of residues of organophosphorous pesticides and Synthetic Pyrethroid Pesticides in tobacco leaf 2011, 27 (5):  269-273.  Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 811240KB )   ( 929 ) In order to determine the optimum collecting time of GPC clean-up organophosphorous and pyrethroid residue in tobacco, and improve of purificatory effect and recoveries of those pesticide residues, the test was in progress. According to recovery tests for 16 organophosphorous and pyrethroid pesticide standard spiked samples with 3 concentration gradients, elution behavior of from a gel permeation chromatography column (GPC) was determined for these pesticides in tobacco leaf. The result showed that the optimum collection time of 9 organophosphorous pesticides from GPC column was 26-68 min and that for 7 pyrethroid pesticides was 26-42 min. The recoveries of organophosphorous pesticides were 80.28%-96.81%, the relative standard deviation were 4.44%-8.74%, the recoveries of pyrethroid pesticides were 76.39%-97.95%, the relative standard deviation were 2.69%-7.58%. The optimum collecting time of GPC clean-up pesticide residue is different from GB/T 13595, so the optimum collecting time must be determined by test.

  Growth Stage and Growth Analysis on Cotton with Different Accumulate Temperature in North of Xinjiang 2011, 27 (5):  274-280.  Abstract + ( 1038 )   PDF ( 1040017KB )   ( 1076 ) With the cotton of North Xinjiang as the study case, the cotton’s growth stage was analysed by regulating seeding dates for different accumulate temperature. The growth analysis method was used to study the accumulating and partitioning process of dry matter in cotton and the change of LAI, NAR, RGR and CGR as well as the relationship of LAI and CGR. The results showed cotton must attain certain effective accumulated temperature to complete its growth stage, and active accumulated temperature has certain fluctuations, but lesser than fluctuations of days of growth period. The dry matter from full boll stage to opening boll stage has the obvious difference under the different accumulate temperature. Furthermore we find a strong correlation between CGR and LAI, and which can determine the most suitable leaf area index.

  Effects of IBA, NAA and Sucrose Concentration on Adventitious Root Growth of Oplpanax elatus Nakai in Vitro 2011, 27 (5):  281-283.  Abstract + ( 1097 )   PDF ( 573058KB )   ( 974 ) 【OBJECTIVE】The aim was to provide the theoretical basis for large scale propagation adventitious root of Oplpanax elatus Nakai.【METHOD】With the adventitious root of Oplpanax elatus Nakai as explants, the effect of concentrations of IBA, NAA and sucrose on adventitious root growth of Oplpanax elatus during suspension culture was examined in this study.【RESULTS】Auxin types and concentration affected adventitious roots growth, roots weights of fresh and dry were better in the medium supplanted with IBA than with NAA, IBA concentration of 3 or 4 mg/L was suitable for roots growth. Sucrose was also a important factor for adventitious roots growth, roots weights of fresh and dry were promoted by 50 g/L sucrose, and the values reached 5.3, 0.49 g respectively.【CONCLUSION】Adventitious root of Oplpanax elatus Nakai grew better when the formula of medium was MS+IBA 3 mg/L+50 g/L sucrose in suspension culture.

  Research Progress on the Function of Siderophore 2011, 27 (5):  284-287.  Abstract + ( 1282 )   PDF ( 581824KB )   ( 1554 ) Siderophore produced by microbes and some crops in low-iron stress conditions is an organic compound in low molecular weight, which can combine ferric ion efficiently. Such material is an important bioactive substance and plays a key role in life metabolism. Otherwise, it is important to understand its function if it can be developed effectively. Therefore, the functions of siderophore in its biological control, toxicity, plant nutrition, acting carrier and other functions were reviewed, and the future directions of research were provided.

  Molecular Characterization of Key Enzyme Genes Related to the Pathway of Lignin Biosynthesis 2011, 27 (5):  288-291.  Abstract + ( 1273 )   PDF ( 531942KB )   ( 2782 ) This review focused on the cloning, expression and regulation of key enzyme genes, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lysate genes (PALs), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase genes (4CLs), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes (CADs), peroxidase genes (POXs), laccase genes (LACs), and dirigent genes (DIRs), which were related to the pathway of lignin biosynthesis. It would provide some ideas for regulating content and chemical composition of plant lignin and obtaining improved new plant resource by genetic manipulation at the key metabolic steps through disclosing the molecular characterization of the above key enzyme genes related to the pathway of lignin biosynthesis.

  Role of Acetosyringone in Plants Transformation Researcher 2011, 27 (5):  292-299.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 669791KB )   ( 2575 ) The papers has been published between the 1980’s and 2007 in relation to the effect of acetosyringone (AS) on plant genetic transformation, for example, the effect of AS on transformed plants and transformation frequency as well as the interaction between AS and transformation methods, were analysed. Here we discussed the effects on the action model of AS by genetypes of transformed objects, transformation methods, the time and dosage of AS which was added and the pH value of medium used for transformation. From that we can become a conclusion that AS could enhance transformation frequency, acidic cultures also favoured the function of AS, et al. . Based on above, we can indicated that AS plays an important role during plants genetic transformation.

  Molecular Markers and Their Application in Medicinal Plants 2011, 27 (5):  300-303.  Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 557391KB )   ( 1276 ) Molecular markers are ideal genetic markers after the development of morphological marker, cytological marker and biochemical marker. The principles, characteristics and the latest achievement and progress of molecular markers in medicinal plants were reviewed and which can provide a reliable basis for accurate and scientific evaluation on the quality and authenticity of the pros and cons of medicinal plants. The prospects of molecular markers in medical plants were also discussed.

  Development and Application of SSR Markers in Plants 2011, 27 (5):  304-307.  Abstract + ( 1172 )   PDF ( 574355KB )   ( 2451 ) Expressed sequence tags (EST) and genome survey sequence (GSS), which have been increasing rapidly in number recently, provide important resources for the development of molecular markers. In the paper, the characteristics and development steps of SSR technique were introduced briefly. Moreover, its application in some research fields of plant, such as cross-species amplification, genetic diversity, genetic linkage map construction, comparative mapping, gene mapping and cloning are reviewed.

  The Advances of RNA Editing 2011, 27 (5):  308-311.  Abstract + ( 1374 )   PDF ( 539921KB )   ( 3003 ) RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process changing the identity of individual nucleotides in a transcript, and made the mature RNA was not completely alike the coding sequence of its template DNA. With further researching of molecular biology, some new RNA-editing types were found, and some of which showed RNA editing had some memory function. In this study, RNA editing was simply introduced including its types, and its mechanism, and biological function.

  The Bioinformatics Analysis of orf25 Gene Related to Tobacco Cytoplasmic Male Sterility 2011, 27 (5):  312-316.  Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 1319131KB )   ( 1078 ) It was reported that aberrant mitochondrial gene orf25 might cause tobacco cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). To understand the mechanism of CMS, the differences of orf25 gene between CMS line ‘Gexin 3’ and its maintainer line were analyzed by bioinformatics at different structure levels of coding protein. The results showed that the terminal codon appeared early because of the base change in the orf25 gene, which led to the lack of the structural domain in coding protein. It might be the key factor that disturbed the function of F(0)F(1)-ATP synthetase in mitochondrion, and become one of the fundamental causes which led to CMS of tobacco.

  Construction of TMV and CMV Binary Virus Resistant RNA Silencing Vector 2011, 27 (5):  317-321.  Abstract + ( 1200 )   PDF ( 1136906KB )   ( 1092 ) In order to effectively transcribe dsRNA in plants, an inducer of RNA silencing, the specific primers was designed according to the published sequence of TMV ΔMP gene and CMV ΔRep gene. MP and Rep fragment was obtained by PCR amplification respectively using pBIN-TMV ΔMP (i/r) and pBIN-CMV ΔRep(i/r) as template, then MP and Rep were concatenated and cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector. Sense MP-Rep fragment was obtained by digesting with BamHI and Kpn I and inserted into vector pKAN-In, then called the recombinant plasmid +pKAN. Antisence MP-Rep gene cut with Xba I was linked with +pKAN to construct hairpin structure. The fragment including Intron, the sense and antisence ΔMP-Rep gene was cut by Not I, and was inserted into pART27 to construct plant transformation vector. The vector could be applied in transgenic breeding engineering for plant viral resistance.

  Summary of Research on Botanical Acaricidal Activities 2011, 27 (5):  322-327.  Abstract + ( 1058 )   PDF ( 648585KB )   ( 1250 ) Various secondary metabolites are produced in the process of botanic self-defending against harmful organs, even of co-evoluting between botanies and their pest. However, part of these secondary metabolites are of botanical acaricide activation. The author concentrated on problems of the academic study on the plants with acaricidal activities, which would be based on the present research on plants, such as Thymelaeaceae, Meliaceae, Solanaceae, etc. and finally directed a way for the research of the acaricide.

  Transmission Rate of Rice Stripe Virus between Small Brown Planthoppers and Rice Plants 2011, 27 (5):  328-332.  Abstract + ( 1144 )   PDF ( 868037KB )   ( 996 ) For further study of RSV (rice stripe virus) on transmission rate of between planthoppers and rice plants, in the present study we used the susceptible varieties of rice stripe virus, ‘Wuyujing 7’, and the planthoppers were fed with the healthy rice plants for 1.5 h, 3.0 h, 6.0 h, 12.0 h, 1.0 day, 2.0 days and 4.0 days respectively, and RT-PCR was employed to detect the virus in rice at the different times after feeding. The results showed that the vector planthoppers could transmit the virus successfully to rice plants at 3.0 h after feeding, and the probability that rice plants were infected increased as the feeding time extended. We also used a dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) to detect acquisition of RSV in planthoppers after the virus-free planthoppers fed on RSV-infected rice plants for 0.25 h, 0.5 h, 1.0 h, 2.0 h, 4.0 h and 8.0 h respectively. The data revealed that the planthoppers could acquire the virus 0.5 h after feeding, and the long feeding time increased the probability of the planthoppers infection. This was the first at the molecular level that the RSV content of the rice plants fed on the vector planthoppers was detected, and at the same time, the rate that planthoppers obtained RSV from RSV-infected rice plants was combined with, which provided a new way for rice stripe disease forecasting.

  Identification of Colletotrichum isolates from Brazil Soybean 2011, 27 (5):  333-337.  Abstract + ( 1512 )   PDF ( 2930463KB )   ( 1147 ) In this article, we obtained 30 separate strains from Brazil soybean, and identified four Colletotrichum isolates by morphological and molecular biology method, which were Colletotrichum gloeosporioide, Colletotrichum capsici, Colletotrichum truncatum and Colletotrichum dematium. This study was proved that Colletotrichum had rich diversity in Brazil soybean, because the four Colletotrichum isolates separated from 30 isolates belong to different species, and it could not only enrich the soybean databank and strain resource, but also provided reference for plant quarantine.

  The Study on Identification and Biological Characteristics of Trichoderma longibrachiatum TlCC 2011, 27 (5):  338-345.  Abstract + ( 1253 )   PDF ( 1663588KB )   ( 1124 ) A Trichoderma isolated from soil (TlCC) was identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum on the basis of their morphology and DNA sequence analysis of ITS rDNA. The biological characteristics of TlCC were screened and investigated. Though it could grow on PSA, PMA, NA, Czapek and basic cultrure medium, PDA was the most favorable medium for the hypha growth. It could grow and produce spore from 15℃ to 40℃, but the optimal temperature for the growth was 35℃, and for the sporulation was from 25℃ to 35℃. For the basic culture medium, fructose was optimal carbon source for hypha growth, fructose and tragantine were propitious to spore production. The best nitrogen source for hypha growth and spore production was glutamate. The pH for hyphae growth and spore production ranged between 2 and 10, the optimal pH for hyphae growth was 5, from 3 to 7 were propitious to spore production.

  Improvement of a fungitoxicity test of fungicide to Botrytis cinerea 2011, 27 (5):  346-350.  Abstract + ( 1291 )   PDF ( 653771KB )   ( 994 ) A new test (cucumber cotyledons spray inoculation test) of fungitoxicity of fungicide to Botrytis cinerea was established through inoculation on cucumber cotyledons with conidial suspension of B. cinerea amended with 1% yeast extract, 2.5% glucose and 10% carrot juice. The results showed that the test exhibits high disease incidence and uniform disease severity, good repetition and simple operation. Inhibitory activity of tebuconazole, mancozeb and iprodione to Botrytis cinerea was tested and compared by cucumber cotyledons spray inoculation test, mycelial growth rate test and conidial germination test, it was found that a high correlation was shown between the logarithmic concentrations of fungicide and probability values of inhibition rate,the correlation coefficients were all above 0.95.This method could be used in fungicide sensitivity test and screening resistance level of fungicide against Botrytis cinerea.

  The characteristics and application of spatial pattern parameters for Huanglongbing in mature Miyagawa orchard 2011, 27 (5):  351-355.  Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 735414KB )   ( 834 ) The damage and loss caused by citrus huanglongbing in citrus orchards. in Taizhou city had become more and more serious since 2002. Occurrence of citrus huanglongbing in citrus orchards were investigated from 2004 to 2009 in order to reveal their distribution and population behaviour. Three methods of aggregated indices and Iwao’s way (regressive relation by M*-m) and power law of Taylor were used to test the spatial disritbution pattern of citrus huanglongbing in citrus orchards. The results showed the population of citrus huanglongbing belong to the pattern of aggregation distribution. It was tested by Blackith’s method ,when m＜2.1184, their aggregation was caused by some environmental factors sush as climate, planting, and growth and so on; when m≥2.1184, their aggregation was caused by their behaviour and environmental conditions. Based on this distribution pattern the model for determining the optimum theortical sampling number and the optimum sequential sampling are proposed. The model are as follows: n=(1/D)2?[1/m+0.6761] and Tn=1.831 /[D02-0.1581 /n].

  Effect on Residue of Methylamino Abamectin Benzoate Mixed with Plant Oil Substitute for Xylene Solvent in Brassica rapa 2011, 27 (5):  356-351.  Abstract + ( 1117 )   PDF ( 749138KB )   ( 1066 ) The residues in vegetable Brassica rapa L. of methylamino abamectin benzoate (MAB) mixed with three plant oils solvent (pine oil, palm oil, pine oil and palm mixed oil ) and xylene solvent were tested in the paper. It was showed that the residue of MAB mixed with three plant oils solvent was higher than that mixed with xylene solvent in Brassica rapa after treatment 1 day and 3 days, and the residue of MAB mixed with palm oil solvent was highest. But after treatment 7 days, the residue of MAB mixed with three plant oils solvent could not be detected, while the residue of MAB mixed with xylene solvent was still detected. The results indicated that the residue of MAB mixed with plant oils solvent in Brassica rapa could be reduced after treatment 7 days, compare with that mixed with xylene solvent.

  Effects of Rice-Tobacco Intercropping on WBPH and the Guild of Natural Enemies in Rice Fields 2011, 27 (5):  362-366.  Abstract + ( 1058 )   PDF ( 795365KB )   ( 857 ) The results generally demonstrated the dynamic of WBPH population in rice-tobacco intercropping treatments were lower than in rice monoculture systems, and the WBPH population was lower than control action threshold during heading and grain filling in rice in rice-tobacco intercropping systems. During the whole growing period of rice, Simpson index of spider guild was lower in rice-tobacco intercropping systems than in rice monoculture systems, while Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were higher. There was almost the same Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index of parasitoid guild between the two systems. These findings suggest that tobacco habitats could potentially increase the efficiency of natural enemy and controlled WBPH population during heading and grain filling in rice.

  Selection of Antagonistic Bacteria to Melon Fusarium Wilt and Their Biocontrol Effect in Fields 2011, 27 (5):  367-371.  Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 667893KB )   ( 1080 ) The research was about to isolate antagonistic bacteria to melon fusarium wilt and detect its effect by field trail, it established a foundation for the biological control. 116 bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil of melon. Dual culture experiments and cylinder-plate method showed that 13 bacterial strains were of obvious antibacterial activities against the melon fusarium wilt. Among them, strain F-1 and D-3 were found much more effective than the others. Based on the results of physiological and biochemical properties, both the strains F-1 and D-3 were Bacillus. When detecting its effect by field trail, fermentation broth of strain F-1 and D-3 reached 85.7% and 81.6%, respectively, the compound fermentation broth of strains F-1 and D-3 reached 91.8%.The test group had significantly higher than the control effect (64.6%) of 50% carbendazim, a chemical bactericide. The strains showed excellent biocontrol potential in fields.

  Detection of Ratoon Stunting Disease in Virus-free Seedcane of Sugarcane by Real-time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR 2011, 27 (5):  372-376.  Abstract + ( 1206 )   PDF ( 966688KB )   ( 1064 ) The aims were to detect ratoon stunting disease in virus-free Seedcane of sugarcane by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, establish and improve the real-time PCR technology system detection of healthy seedling of sugarcane ratoon stunting disease pathogen. Six sugarcanes ‘ROC22’ with ratoon stunting disease were selected, and the virus-free seedcane by the healthy seedlings production process of sugarcane were obtained. Real-time fluorescence PCR was used to detect the ratoon stunting disease pathogen gene expression of tissue culture samples. The results showed that the gel electrophoresis of 10 different treated seedlings sample PCR products didn’t have the target band, the average Ct value were from 37 to 39. Ratoon stunting disease pathogen genes did not express in 10 samples. Ten samples of healthy seedlings did not carry ratoon stunting pathogens. The Healthy seedlings in sugarcane production technology could remove the ratoon stunting disease pathogen thoroughly.

  Effects of Brief Exposure to High Temperature on Survival and Fecundity of Bemisia tabaci Q-biotype (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) 2011, 27 (5):  377-379.  Abstract + ( 1035 )   PDF ( 639219KB )   ( 937 ) The effects of brief exposure to high temperature on survival and fecundity of Bemisia tabaci Q-biotype, (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) were studied in the laborary condition.The survival rate, reproduction and survival rate from egg to adult of F1 progeny of B. tabaci Q-biotype were evaluated after the adults were exposed to five degrees of temperature, 37, 39, 41, 43 and 45℃, for 1 hour.The survival rates of adults of b B. tabaci Q-biotype decreased with the increase of temperature. Within the range of 37 to 45℃, the survival rate of B. tabaci B-Biotype adults decreased from 100% to 21.4%,. Adult survival was significantly affected when they were exposed at 41°C or higher temperature. Female oviposition was not significantly different when adults were heat-exposured at all temperatures. The percentages of F1 offspring developing to adults were significantly affected when temperature increased to 41°C.

  Bio-activity and Selective Toxicity of Insecticides to Aleurodicus disperses Russell and Menochilus sexmaculata Fabricius 2011, 27 (5):  380-383.  Abstract + ( 1169 )   PDF ( 617955KB )   ( 796 ) In order to clear the selective toxicity of commonly used insecticides to Aleurodicus disperses Russell and Menochilus sexmaculata Fabricius and improve the management level of A. disperses, the means of impregnation and residual film were used to detect the bio-activities of 3 insecticides to A. disperses and M. sexmaculata. The results indicated that all insecticides used showed toxicity to A. disperses, β-Cypermethrin and Phoxim showed the highest toxicity to adults and 3 instar of A. disperses and the LC50 were 4.1482 mg/L and 6.7367 mg/L, respectively. In safety evaluation, phoxim showed best selective activities between M. sexmaculata and A. disperses, the selective ratios were 12.1869 and 15.1077 between M. sexmaculata and adults and 3 instar of A. disperses. β-Cypermethrin and phoxim should be used in full incidence period of adult and 3 instar of A. disperses, while phoxim should be used to coordinate the chemical and biological control of A. disperses when natural enemy M. sexmaculata was abundance.

  Census and analysis on pollution source of livestock and poultry farming in Fujian 2011, 27 (5):  384-390.  Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 700124KB )   ( 1314 ) The environmental pollution caused by livestock and poultry farming in progress has become more and more severe. In this paper, pollution census of livestock and poultry farming in Fujian was introduced, present status of livestock and poultry farming and its environmental pollution problem were analyzed, and the control measures and management methods to conquer pollution problem were also discussed．

  Tibet Linzhi area Longdong of alfalfa nutrient of Different growth stages Dynamic study 2011, 27 (5):  391-395.  Abstract + ( 1176 )   PDF ( 790187KB )   ( 993 ) Dynamics of alfalfa nutrient in the different growing period was studied. The results showed that the water content of dry matter, the yield of the crude fat and ash at early turning green stage are highest, with accounting for 89.45%, 6.42% and 15.47% respectively. The crude fiber during the period of the turning yellow are highest, reaching 44.92%, furthermore, during the one month after the turning green stage the yield of the crude protein was highest, reaching 25.33%. With the plant growth time, the water content, the yield of crude ash, protein, and fat dropped gradually, while the content of crude fiber increased. Alfalfa nutritive value and forage quality decreased significantly with the maturity of the plant body, which are the best at early turning green stage, good at branching stage, poor at seed setting stage, and there is almost no value for feeding livestock at turning yellow stage.

  Extraction of Total Polyphenol from Chinese Olive (Canarium ablum L.) 2011, 27 (5):  396-400.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 816340KB )   ( 1318 ) In this paper, olive power was treated by common extraction. The results of single-factor examination and orthogonal experiments showed that the degree of the factors which significantly influenced the yield of polyphenol was in order of extraction time>extraction temperature>solid-liquid ratio>extraction solvent. The optimal parameters for this method were as follows: powder was extracted by ultasonic density of 50% with solid (g)-liquid (mL) ratio of 1:30 at 40℃ for 2 hour. The yield of polyphenol can be up to32.13%.

  Isolation and Identification of Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strain HQ0806 2011, 27 (5):  401-404.  Abstract + ( 1163 )   PDF ( 816499KB )   ( 1265 ) An infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) field strain, named HQ0806, was isolated and identified from some flocks with immune failure in Fuxin Shi suburb according to the clinical symptom, pathology, serological test, animal challenge and virus morphology. The virus was characterized as a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) because of its strong virulence pathogenicity characteristics observed in ELD50 (10-5.8/ 0.2ml), animal challenge (mortality with 83 % and morbidity with 100 % in inoculated 4 weeks chicken), as well as pathological changes of purple grape in bursa of Fabricius, thymus decrease and fatty marrow.

  Observation on the Anesthestic Effect Produced by YFM Anesthestic Preparation in Wild Boar liu huanqi 2011, 27 (5):  405-408.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 645291KB )   ( 1234 ) To observe the anesthetic effect produced by YFM preparation in wild boar, YFM preparation was injected intramuscularly in wild boars at the dose of 0.1 ml/kg body weight. The anesthetic effects were observed by clinical observation, and the influences on circulatory respiratory functions were monitored by PHILIPS MP30 monitor. The results showed that the inductive, anesthetic and recovery periods produced by YFM preparation were 3.05±0.22min, 60.20±1.72min and 30.79±1.53min. YFM preparation produced satisfactory sedative, analgesic, muscle relaxing effects, and had a slight influence on the physiological indexes of the boars. The pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) always maintained above 91.30±0.40% during anesthesia. The results indicated that YFM preparation can produce satisfactory anesthetic effects, and has little side effects.

  Effect of Preservation on Lactobacillus acidophilus by Different Cryoprotectants 2011, 27 (5):  409-411.  Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 561090KB )   ( 1047 ) The same strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus(LA) were conservation by the different cryoprotectant and temperature , then take them a comparison in the time we preset. The groups of cryoprotectant we predetermined is that: DMSO-skimmed milk(1:9), DMSO-liquid MRS(1:9), glycerinum-skimmed milk(1:1), glycerinum-skimmed milk(8:2), glycerinum- normal saline(1:1), glycerinum-liquid MRS(1:1) and glycerinum-liquid MRS(8:2). With the extension of the conservation, the survival amount of the bacterial in the -80℃ group was more than that in the -20℃ group. The groups that had more number of survivorship of the Lactobacillus acidophilus than others had some denominators were that they had DMSO as cryoprotectant, skimmed milk or liquid MRS as preservation medium. The amount of survival LA was larger in this group than other groups, that was DMSO as cryoprotectant and with preservation medium as skimmed milk or liquid MRS.

  Different nutrient levels on the northern Shanbei White Cashmere Goat adult ewes reproductive performance impact BI Tai-Fei BI Tai-Fei 2011, 27 (5):  412-417.  Abstract + ( 1353 )   PDF ( 1010758KB )   ( 1523 ) This test was to study the affect of feeding different nturient levels on the reproductive performance of Shanbei White Cashmere Goat.Selected 120 breeding ewe which in the same age from Di Qing Plateau,divided into four groups,each group for 30.Control group,feeding 0.2 kg corn everyday,the other three groups for the experimental group,feeding mixed concentrate for 0.2 kg,0.3 kg,0.4 kg respectively everyday.Test were measured the conception number,the number of new-born lambs,the lamb birth weight,the weaning weight,the calculate of conception rate,the lambing rate,the lamb survival rate of breeding ewes.The results showed that the control group and experimental group on the reproductive performance of breeding ewes is unsignifican.affect of the index （P> 0.05）.Feeding 0.2 kg of corn to meet basic nutritional needs of breeding ewes.

  Intraleaf distribution of Brood pheromone on workers of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis cerana cerana wu xiaobo 2011, 27 (5):  418-420.  Abstract + ( 1145 )   PDF ( 558679KB )   ( 892 ) Ten esters found in brood were studied in adult workers of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis cerana cerana. Newly emerged workers were obtained from frames of sealed brood placed in an incubator. One-day-old bees from the same colony were marked on the dorsal surface of the thorax with a spot of paint. Newly emerged bees, nurses (10-day-old) and foragers (20-day-old) bees were collected. body sections of workers were extracted, derivatized, and analyzed for MP, MN, MS, MO, ML, EP, EL, EN, EO, ES. The results showed that body sections of different age worker in Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica are both dominated with MP,EP,MN and EN. The content of these esters on the body sections is different.

  Effects of Starvation on Biochemical Components in Muscle and Gonad Development of Oreochromis niloticus in breeding season 2011, 27 (5):  421-424.  Abstract + ( 1163 )   PDF ( 591196KB )   ( 840 ) In this experiment, based on ninety samples with body weight of 202.3±5.1g(♀) and 251.7±5.9g(♂) of Oreochromis niloticus selected from cultured population, studies on effects of starvation on biochemical components in muscle and gonad development were carried out. In experimental period, body weight of female and male samples decreased significantly in 14d（P<0.05）, and total amplitude in 28d were 19.72% and 15.93% respectively. In early stage of starvation, gonad weight increased constantly until 21d, and total amplitude in 28d of ovary and spermary were 95.93% and 120.31% respectively. During the same period, content of crude fat and crude protein as well as energy density in muscle decreased continuously, the remarkable change of crude fat of female and male samples showed separately in 7d and 14d（P<0.05）, and the similar change of crude protein both showed in 14d. The result showed that starvation had significant effect on biochemical components in muscle and gonad development, in early stage of starvation, experimental samples of Oreochromis niloticus could maintain gonad development by using reserved energy, but the trend slowed gradually until stagnated with the prolonging of starvation. Furthermore, the female samples had lower level of reserved energy, and they usually needed more energy for ovary development, so it could be found that the decline trend of main indexes of female samples appeared earlier than that of male samples with more amplitude in every stage.

  Acute Toxicity for Larval Dytiscids as Harmful Organism on Ecologic Breeding of Eriocheir sinensis in Earth Pond 2011, 27 (5):  425-429.  Abstract + ( 1441 )   PDF ( 605532KB )   ( 1014 ) A study was conducted to determine the acute toxic effect and evaluate safe concentrations of Fenvalerate, Bromine chlorine hydantoin, Trichlorfon, Bleaching powder concentrate and Bleaching Powder to larval dytiscids with static bioassay tests. this larval was the most commonly harmful organism on ecologic breeding of chinese mitten crab in earth pond. The results indicated that The 24h LC50 values of Fenvalerate, Bromine chlorine hydantoin, Trichlorfon, Bleaching powder concentrate and Bleaching Powder for larval dytiscids were 0.05mg/L, 6.63mg/L, 3.65mg/L, 6.91mg/L, 28.95mg/L respectively, the 48h LC50 values were 0.03mg/L, 4.38mg/L,2.38mg/L, 3.84mg/L, 14.10mg/L respectively, the 96h LC50 values were 0.00mg/L, 1.12mg/L, 0.54mg/L, 2.15mg/L, 3.05 mg/L respectively；The safe concentrations of Fenvalerate, Bromine chlorine hydantoin, Trichlorfon, Bleaching powder concentrate and Bleaching Powder to larval dytiscids were 0.006mg/L, 0.57mg/L, 0.31mg/L, 0.36mg/L 和1.00mg/L respectively．the sensitivity of five aquacultural drugs to larval dytiscids was Fenvalerate > Trichlorfon > Bleaching powder concentrate > Bromine chlorine hydantoin >Bleaching Powder.

  Research Advance of Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey 2011, 27 (5):  430-433.  Abstract + ( 1557 )   PDF ( 610988KB )   ( 1958 ) Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey is a Chinese traditional drug as well as one of traditional exported commodities from China. It has become one of the most important economic crops in Guangxi. Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey has the following distinct characteristics: high sweetness, low calories, and not pathogenic of diabetes and caries. They have been listed by the National Ministry of Health and Chinese Medicine Administration as the first “List of Categories of Foods and Drugs”. Moreover, they are widely used as ideal natural sweetening agents. As the prospect of application is good, there have been constant documentary reports of the pharmacological effects and toxicity of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffreys over the recent years. The article summarizes the pharmacological effects and toxicity of corsvenor momordica fruits, and gives an outlook of the future research of its genetic toxicity on the basis of its dual characters as a medicine and also as a food.

  The Determination of Betulic acid, Oleanic acid and Ursolic acid in Different Chinese Jujube Cultivars by HPLC 2011, 27 (5):  434-438.  Abstract + ( 1090 )   PDF ( 700170KB )   ( 1416 ) The determination of betulic acid, oleanic acid and ursolic acid in Chinese Jujube by HPLC was studied. Hypersil BDS C18（4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 um）column was used. The mobile phase was as follows: V(methanol):V(H2O)=90:10, pH=3.0 and the flow rate was 0.6 mL/min. The sample injection volume was 5 uL. The column temperature was 18℃. The detection wavelength was 210 nm. In this research, the contents of betulic acid, oleanic acid and ursolic acid in different Chinese jujube cultivars were tested and analyzed by the method of HPLC. The results showed distinct differences in the contents of betulic acid, oleanic acid and ursolic acid among different cultivars. ‘Jinzao’ had the highest content of betulic acid. ‘Changhongzao’ had the highest content of oleanic acid and ursolic acid. ‘Changhongzao’, ‘Nanjingzao’ and ‘Huizao’had higher contents of above mentioned three aids.

  Study on Pasteurization Law of S.aureus in Orange Juice using Low Temperature Plasma 2011, 27 (5):  439-446.  Abstract + ( 1117 )   PDF ( 2758021KB )   ( 1590 ) With offering higher quality, better nutrition retention and more energy efficient compared with traditional thermal processes, non-thermal pasteurization processes have aroused great interest in food industry and consumers now. Non-thermal processes may also add value to the products, creating opportunities to open up new markets. In this paper, dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBDR) was designed. And the bactericidal efficiency of low-temperature plasma (LTP) produced by DBDR on fresh juice and its impacts on the quality of juice were researched. Cycles, pH, temperature and voltage four factors were investigated based on central composite design. The inactivation law of S. aureus in orange juice by low temperature plasma was studies and the second order quadratic equation for LTP inactivation was established by response surface methodology, and the effectiveness of this model was verified. Experimental data was analyzed by Design Expert software, when the results were 7 cycles, pH 2.5, temperature 50 ℃, and voltage 25 kV, the maximal log(N0/N) was 5.19, which were in consistent with the measured value.

  Study on the Clarification Technology of Grape juice Using Pectinase 2011, 27 (5):  447-451.  Abstract + ( 2346 )   PDF ( 806788KB )   ( 1081 )

  Inheritance Analysis of Lycopene Content in Tomato Flesh 2011, 27 (5):  452-456.  Abstract + ( 1063 )   PDF ( 624478KB )   ( 957 ) For the better and faster assessment of tomato flesh color, location-related QTLs to improve the quality of the color in tomato flesh, two cultivars with significant difference in lycopene content were used for the study of inheritance pattern of lycopene content in tomato flesh. Six generations F1, F2, backcrosses B1 and B2 and their parents P1 and P2 were used to study the inheritance of lycopene content traits. The results showed that the segregating population of F2, B1 and B2 appeared two peaks or single peak skewed distribution; the major gene showed the significantly adding effect and the polygene had the greater influence in distribution of lycopene. It indicated that inheritance of lycopene in tomato flesh was quantitative traits controlled by polygene. Combination analysis of six generations proved that a major gene plus additive-dominance polygenes dominate the inheritance of lycopene in tomato flesh (D-2 model). The major gene heritability playing a main contribution is 27.39%~66.93%, the polygene heritability is 12.09%~48.44%. Therefore, utilizing sexual hybridization breeding can increase and regulate high lycopene content in early generation, being beneficial to discovery of new QTLs.

  Study of Orthogonal Experiment of the Functional Protein Resource-Alfalfa Leaf Protein Extraction 2011, 27 (5):  457-461.  Abstract + ( 1186 )   PDF ( 831466KB )   ( 980 ) Functional foods is the new growth point in world food industry, and have become hotspots of the development, for the plant material or process of withdrawal from natural food additives functional development of great importance. The paper studied the optimized Alfalfa leaf protein extraction process mainly based on the parameters such as high Leaf Protein Gain Rate, high Production Quality and low Extraction Cost. The results showed that the best extraction solution was salt solution and the descending sequence of efficiency for different factors was, the heating temperature, pH value, warming time and concentration of salt solution. The study gave the optimized parameters for alfalfa leaf protein extraction techniques. Meanwhile, the Extraction Cost was lower, the production quality was higher and the production was safe.

  Study on Optimum Preparation Process in Oral Liquid of Fermented Polygala japonica Houtt.by Orthogonal Design 2011, 27 (5):  462-465.  Abstract + ( 991 )   PDF ( 643884KB )   ( 822 ) To optimize the preparation process of oral liquid of fermented Polygala japonica Houtt., an orthogonal design was adopted and optimized the process of preparation process in oral liquid of fermented Polygala japonica Houtt.. The index of orthogonal experiment in apparent grade was determined to study the influence made by different preparation processes of oral liquid of fermented Polygala japonica Houtt. upon the color and the clarity. The optimum conditions for oral liquid of fermented Polygala japonica Houtt. by orthogonal test optimized process were as follows: water for eight times the quantity of medicinal materials in the process of decoction, pH with 7.0 and 10 hours. The result of this experiment was reliable. The clarity of the oral solution prepared by the optimized process was better. Manufacturing process consumes shorter time, so it was propitious to the batch production.

  Study on the Inhibiting Effects of the Aqueous Extract from Different Mulberry Organizations on the α-Glucosidase 2011, 27 (5):  466-469.  Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 670316KB )   ( 1301 ) Mulberry is widely applied in medicine because it contains many active substances. The α-glucosidase inhibition of aqueous extract from different mulberry organizations is determined. The results show that the extract from different mulberry organizations exhibits different inhibiting effects, Aqueous extract of mulberry seeds exhibits the strongest inhibition, the inhibition rate reaches 85.4%, the inhibition rate of mulberry leaves is the lowest for 33.9%. The α-glucosidase inhibition rate is also different under different concentrations of aqueous extract and the different time of aqueous extract incubating with enzyme. This paper provides a theoretical basis for selecting the appropriate mulberry tissue for producing α-glucosidase inhibitor and improving the comprehensive utilization of mulberry resources.

  Extraction Process of the Saponins in psammosilene tunicoides W.C. WU et C.Y.Wu. 2011, 27 (5):  470-474.  Abstract + ( 1316 )   PDF ( 704012KB )   ( 1168 ) The orthogonal design was used to study the optimum process of extracting total saponins in Psammosilene tunicoides W.C. WU et C. Y. Wu. The oleanolic acid was selected as comparison product and 5% vanillin-acetic acid -HClO solution was selected as color-producing reagent. As an indicator, the extraction rate of total saponins was used to indicate the best extraction process. The optimum technological conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 70℃, ethanol concentration 80%, treat time 90 min, ratio of solid to liquor at 1:8. The optimized process had the advantages of low cost, stable and the excellent repeatability.

  Enzyme extraction of polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea L. 2011, 27 (5):  475-478.  Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 665167KB )   ( 925 ) enzyme; extraction; Portulaca oleracea L.; polysaccharide

  Study on the Infection of Diospyros kaki ‘Mopan’ Quality by Carbon Dioxide 2011, 27 (5):  479-482.  Abstract + ( 984 )   PDF ( 680341KB )   ( 1069 ) In the experiment, we chose Diospyros kaki ‘Mopan’ as stuff. The 90% concentration CO2 was used to treat the material. We periodically observed and analyzed the changes of weightlessness, pectin content, firmness of fruit, soluble solids, Vc, tannin, titratable acid and so on. The result showed that the treatment of CO2 can make Diospyros kaki ‘Mopan’ fruit the promotion of pectin content, firmness of fruit, Vc and tannin decreased during shelf life, soluble solids, as well as titratable chemical acids can keep stable. Carbon dioxide treated Diospyros kaki ‘Mopan’ fruit could keep its hardness and crispness on shelves of room temperature within 21 days.

  Technology Optimization for Extracting Essential Oil from Flos Lonicera by Homogenate Extraction and its Application in Cigarette 2011, 27 (5):  483-488.  Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 1130585KB )   ( 908 ) Technology optimization for extracting essential oil from flos lonicera by homogenate extraction and its application in cigarette. The homogenate extraction technique of essential oil from flos lonicera was analyzed and optimized by response surface method．Extracting voltage, extracting time and the ratio of liquid to solid were selected as causal factors. Base on the single factor experiments, a three-factor-three-level experiment design had been developed by Box-Benhken central composite design method. The yield of essential oil was used as the responsive values. The response surface method was employed to analyze the results of experiments. The oil was added into cigarettes as a flavor. The results indicated that the optimum conditions for essential oil are as follows, extracting voltage of 151.61 V, extracting time of 15.16 s and the ratio of liquid to solid of 9.77:1. Under such conditions, the extraction rate of essential oil was up to 0.1756%. The optimized model by RSM accords with the practice. The essential oil of different concentration was added to cigarette and tasted. The results showed that the essential oil can significantly reduce the harshness, augment the faint fragrance, and improve the taste of cigarette smoke. The experimental values agreed with the predicted values．Homogenate extraction was proved to be a kind of efficient and rapid method for extraction of the essential oil from flos lonicera. The essential oil of flos lonicera can be used as a cigarette flavoring.

  Ultra high pressure extraction and antioxidant activities of total flavonoids from Eriobotrya japonica (Thumb.) Lindl 2011, 27 (5):  489-492.  Abstract + ( 1023 )   PDF ( 709754KB )   ( 970 ) In order to study the antioxidant activities of ultra high pressure (UHP) extractiontotal flavonoids from Eriobotrya japonica (Thumb.) Lindl. The influence of ethanol concentration , UHP pressure, UHP time and the ratio of solid to liquid on total flavonoids yield were studied by using. L9(34) orthogonal design. Meanwhile, the free radical scavenging of DPPH was determined .The results shown that the optimum extraction conditions were ethanol concentration 50%, UHP pressure 400MPa, UHP time 4.5min, stock ratio 1:18(g:ml).The yield of total flavonoids was 0.693%.The results also shown that line relationship existed between DPPH free radical scavenging and total flavonoids. The UHP extraction total flavonoids has better higher antioxidant activities and has great exploiting foreground.