Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.4 Published:10 February 2011

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  Research Evolution of Rainfall Erosivity（R）in China 2011, 27 (4):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1173 )   PDF ( 825858KB )   ( 1492 ) Rainfall erosivity shows the potential ability of the soil loss caused by rainfall. It is an important research task in soil erosion quantitatively evaluating field to accurately evaluate rainfall erosivity. The purpose of this paper is to review research history results of rainfall erosivity, rainfall energy of our country, and the research results are summarized. Because the local environmental situations are different, erosive rainfall standard and rainfall energy calculation may have difference; rainfall erosivity indicator based on the principle of EI30 and EI10 in north china, while based on the principle of EI60 in south china; rainfall erosivity calculation uses simple algorithm commonly. Estimating rainfall erosivity mainly based on the daily rainfall data is research contents in recent years.

  Research on Decision Support System of Benefit Evaluation of Non-Commercial Forest Based On Data Mining 2011, 27 (4):  6-11.  Abstract + ( 1064 )   PDF ( 712878KB )   ( 1162 ) The benefit evaluation of non-commercial forest is the main part of non-commercial forest system management and sustainable development. On the basis of the main part of benefit evaluation of non-commercial forest, value magnitude formula, preferences and method, it showed the functional structure and architecture of decision support system of benefit evaluation of non-commercial forest based on data mining, and designed a decision support system of benefit evaluation of non-commercial forest centered on model base and knowledge base, assisting with data base, method base and computer network technology, using methodology of software engineering, J2EE framework, MVC design pattern and database access technique to realize system development. The system can classify non-commercial forest sources by using cluster analysis and find out the internal relation among the performance indicators of non-commercial forest with association rules. This system has comparatively strong functions of analyzing, predicting, decision-making and visual output to assist non-commercial forest management and decision makers to enhance the level and quality of decision making.

  Study on the Cause of Leaf Etiolation Virus of Populus tomentosa ‘Huaye’ 2011, 27 (4):  12-16.  Abstract + ( 1127 )   PDF ( 942696KB )   ( 1049 ) In order to search factors related to the forming of mosaic leaf of Populus tomentosa ‘Huaye’which was used as the research material, Nicotiana tabacum, Glycine max and Populus beijingensis were used as show plants. Inoculability, ELISA, distill RNA test and RT-PCR method were used to detect yellow mosaic virus of Populus tomentosa ‘Huaye’ .The results showed that: (1) The plant of Nicotiana tabacum, Glycine max and Populus beijingensis didn’t show wrinkle and losing green after rubbing or injecting inoculability by using the percolate of Populus tomentosa ‘Huaye’. (2) ELISA didn’t show masculine. (3) The electrophoresis fig of Populus tomentosa ‘Huaye’ didn’t show bright strip. (4) There were no amplified products by RT-PCR. Plant Virus didn’t cause yellow mosaic of Populus tomentosa ‘Huaye’.

  The Research on Growth Environment and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Carya cathyensis Sarg Sapling 2011, 27 (4):  17-20.  Abstract + ( 1113 )   PDF ( 719095KB )   ( 983 ) The LI-6400 Portable photosynthesis was used to study the photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of Carya cathyensis Sarg sapling. The results showed that the daily variation of net photosynthetic rate in leaves presented a bimodal curve, and there is an obvious “midday depression” phenomenon，the light saturation point was about 339 μmol/(m2?s), the light compensation point was about 23.2 μmol/(m2?s).Under the condition of optimum light intensity and temperature, elevation of CO2 concentration increased the Pn and the efficiency of high utilizing in Carya cathyensis Sarg sapling. The CO2 saturation point was about 1200 μl/L and CO2 compensation point was about 60~70 μl/L. The photosynthesis was more sensitive to the higher temperature (>25℃), belonging to neutral plant. The environmental conditions of the research areas could meet the basic needs of Carya cathyensis Sarg sapling growth.

  Quantitative Research on Wind and Set Sand Performance of Ammopiptanthus and Several Common Shrubs 2011, 27 (4):  21-25.  Abstract + ( 1107 )   PDF ( 736362KB )   ( 1027 ) There were no quantitative conclusions, only small qualitative description in the study of Ammopiptanthus’ ecological protection, which limited its application to some extent. This article determined wind and set sand respectively of one Ammopiptanthus、Haloxylon、Artemisia and Caragana in different locations using multi-channel wind speed and direction acquisition instrument. Moreover, calculated and analyzed comparatively, showed the superiority of Ammopiptanthu in ecological protection quantitatively, to provide a theoretical basis for the species selection in the ecological environment construction in arid desert area.

  The Role of Acetylcholine and Indole Acetic Acid in Cutting of Tamarix chinensis Lour. 2011, 27 (4):  26-29.  Abstract + ( 1192 )   PDF ( 530311KB )   ( 1158 ) The role of Acetylcholine (ACh) and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) in cutting Tamarix chinensis Lour and vaccination rate of Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Whigt were investigated. With different concentrations of acetylcholine and indole acetic acid treatment, the survival rate, root number, root length of cutting Tamarix chinensis Lour and vaccination rate of Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Whigt were calculated. 1.5 mmol/L ACh and 1.5 mmol/L IAA markedly enhanced the survival rate, root number, root length in cutting Tamarix chinensis Lour and vaccination rate of Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Whigt, but 3.5 mmol/L ACh and 2.5 mmol/L IAA inhibited its and both had mutual inhibition. The results indicated that ACh and IAA markedly enhanced the survival rate, root number, root length and vaccination rate of Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Whigt in low concentrations, but inhibited its in higher concentrations in Tamarix cuttings, and both had mutual inhibition. All of the results supported that the postulation that the action sites of ACh and IAA in the rooting of Tamarix cuttings might be the same or similar.

  A Principal Component Analysis of Camellia oleifera Forest Soil Nutrient and Growth by Different Treatment of Interplanting 2011, 27 (4):  30-35.  Abstract + ( 1114 )   PDF ( 715382KB )   ( 1060 ) Analysis and determination of Camellia oleifera young forest soil nutrient and growth by interplanting has been done. 10 indexes including soil water content, organic matter, total nitrogen and P etc. were sampled into 2 principal components using principal component analysis, all of which provided cumulative variance. The result was as below: interplanting can both improve the soil physical and chemical properties and growth of Camellia oleifera young forest. By comparing interplanting peanut and sweet potato，the latter was the best interplanting methods of Camellia oleifera forest land.

  Influence of Poa pratensis and Ophiopogon japonecus on the soil microbial community of ancient Pinus tabulaeformis and ancient Platycladus orientalis 2011, 27 (4):  36-41.  Abstract + ( 1142 )   PDF ( 596810KB )   ( 1051 ) Abstract: This research selects two common ancient trees(ancient Pinus tabulaeformis and ancient Platycladus orientalis),and two common turfgrasses(Poa pratensis and Ophiopogon japonecus) in Beijing,in order to find the influence of the grass to the ancient trees underlaying surface,we measured microbial numbers of the soil in depth 0-40cm.The number of the bacteria,fungi and actinomycete in 0-20cm layer is higher than 20-40cm,the number of the bacteria is higher than fungi and actinomycete．The two grasses increase the number of soil microorganisms of the old trees in depth 0-40cm,and the Poa pratensis is better than the Ophiopogon japonecus.The two grasses can all increase denitrifying bacteria in 0-40cm and reduce the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the layer of 0-40cm and the two of this trend is not significant.The two grasses can all increase Cellulose-decomposing bacterium’s number in 0-40cm layer．

  The Spatial Distribution of Ecological Community and Vegetation Restoration in the Source Region of Minjiang River 2011, 27 (4):  42-47.  Abstract + ( 1993 )   PDF ( 790158KB )   ( 1043 ) In order to protect the biodiversity, the restoration of the degraded vegetation is indispensable. According to the gradient of the altitude in the source region of Minjiang River, three transects of vegetation plots were settled to investigate the facts of the vegetation and the environment. Then two databases of the sites and species were established. Then the regression analysis between the ordination axes and environmental elements were applied. The results suggested that: On the first axis scores of DCA, the altitude was increasing gradually from up to down, the gradient pattern of altitude distribution of vegetation got to embody. In the middle of mountain body, there were many layers of vegetation structures, and the main arborous species were Abies faxoniana, Picea asperata and small mount of Betula platyphylla Suk. Using the DCA analysis to sort, the author analyzed the 73 quadrats and 316 plant species, calculating out the average values of the axis scores of DCA of each formation, combined with the result of DCA ordination in previous paper, namely, the ecological gradient relationship and physiological characteristics of vegetation and ecological adaptability which the axis scores of DCA showed, we got the succession relationship of vegetation formation of the source region of Minjiang River: Ass. Abies, Picea-Ass. Sibiraea angustata, Spiraea spp.-Ass. Caragana spp., Berberis amurensis-Ass. Imperata cylindrical. The objective community and objective species were chosen to restore for the different growth form of vegetation. Under the conditions of the vertical distribution regularity was obeyed, the objective community of restoration in subalpine coniferous forest belt was: Ass. Abies faxoniana+(Ass. Rosa omeiensis+Ass. Rhododendron clementinae+orientalis Ribes glaciale)+(Ass. Fragaria gracilis+Ass. Fragaria+Ass. Carex capilliformis); Ass. Picea asperata+(Ass. Rosa omeiensis+Ass. Sibiraea angustata+Ass. Salix cheilophilla)+(Ass. Fragaria gracilis+Ass. Carex capilliformis+Ass. Polygonum hubertii+Ass. Fragaria orientalis). The objective community of restoration in the alpine scrub belt: Ass. Salix cupularis+Ass. Carex lanceolata, Ass. Sibiraea angustata+Ass. Koeleria cristata, Ass. Spiraea alpina+Ass. Carex capilliformis, Ass. Caragana tangutica+Ass. Carex crebra. The objective community of restoration in the alpine meadow: Ass. Imperata cylindrica+Ass. Carex capilliformis. During the time of vegetation recovering, we should develop the multi-hierarchial classification, multi-species, multi-structure community structure of trees, brushes and grasses , increase the comprehensive ability of vegetation resisting external destroying, at the same time, taking kinds of engineering measures to restore the ecosystem of the source region of Minjiang River gradually.

  Studies on the Seedlings Regeneration of Pinus Tabulaeformis f. shekannesis in Different Slopes on Loess Plateau 2011, 27 (4):  48-52.  Abstract + ( 1189 )   PDF ( 707434KB )   ( 1146 ) To discuss the regeneration characteristic and size structure of seedlings in different slopes, natural regeneration of Pinus tabulaeformis f. shekannesis in the pure forest in Ziwuling on loess plateau was studied by means of sample plots. The results indicated that the natural regeneration of P. tabulaeformis f. shekannesis seedlings was closely related to the slope positions. The P. tabulaeformis f. shekannesis seedlings in the up-slope and mid-slope were similar in number and density, while in the low-slope the number and density were much lower. The height of P. tabulaeformis f. shekannesis seedlings in different slopes varied little and was consistent with the average height. In conclusion, the author suggested that during the protection and recovering of the P. tabulaeformis f. shekannesis forest, different cultural measures should be taken in different slopes.

  Analysis on Typical Herbaceous Plant Community Characteristics in Ulanbuh Desert 2011, 27 (4):  53-59.  Abstract + ( 1565 )   PDF ( 743672KB )   ( 1295 ) The herbaceous is the Ulanbuh desert plant community's important component, the research herbaceous plant community characteristic and the plant species multiplicity, for knowing and protecting the plant diversity resources in desert area to provide the theory basis and the practice foundation. According to the quadrat investigation material, the author calculated typical herbaceous plant’s diversity index values in Ulanbuh desert by using the diversity computational methods of plant community characteristics. The results showed that typical herbaceous plant community species in Ulanbuh desert were few, the investigation result total of 24 species belonging 8 families, and the preponderant families were Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae; the average value of herbaceous plant’s diversity index were smaller, species diversity overall low level, ecological dominance, species diversity and evenness degree were quite different in different communities; the herbaceous plant’s diversity index presented the basic consistent change tendency. Ulanbuh desert herbaceous community type was diverse, but the community composed the structure to be simple; the dominant species and between the subdominant species importance value's disparity species quantity increased along with the community in reduces; the herbaceous plant community diversity indices were small, the herbaceous species' distribution was non-uniform, assumed the mottling distribution generally.

  Biological Characteristics and Feeding Habit of Argyrogramma albostriata Feeding on Solidago Canadensis 2011, 27 (4):  60-65.  Abstract + ( 1394 )   PDF ( 782049KB )   ( 1180 ) Larvae of Argyrogramma albostriata Bremeret Grey feeding on Solidago canadensis were found in China, this research was to determine the host range of insect. Insect larvae collected in the field were fed, observed, identified and ascertained the life history in the laboratory. The author investigated the plants in sites where insects were found and other areal area of S. canadensis in Hefei. Host range tests with 13 representative plant species from 6 families. Artificially feeding them S. canadensis, they could complete their life history only on S. canadensis, new generation of larvae also could feed on it. Surveys and feeding habits studies showed that their host plants were all in compositae: such as Kalimeris indica, Conyza canadesis, Erigeron annuus, Aster subulatus and S. canadensis. When above five species of plant existed simultaneously, S. canadensis were eaten preferentially. S. canadensis had become the constant part of host range of Argyrogramma albostriata Bremeret Grey. Their primary host was weeds, it’s advantageous to the prevention and control of S. canadensis.

  Studied on Regulating Effects of Ecological Factors on the Introduction and Cultivation of Tea Plant in Greenhouse of Beijing 2011, 27 (4):  66-71.  Abstract + ( 1267 )   PDF ( 794847KB )   ( 1325 ) Through the investigation and analysis of the origin of tea and introduction of ecological factor, summarized tea suitable conditions for the warm climate, soil, neuter irrigation, acidic soil, thick and fertile topsoil, enough scattered light and different plants intergrowth. According to the ecological factors, comparative analysis was a topic, meteorological factors index was difficult to control soil index, separately from the meteorological factors, soil factor, and biological factors three aspects explored Beijing area were tea cultivation of greenhouse ecological factor control technology.

  Influences on apple chroma after open center system reconstruction 2011, 27 (4):  72-75.  Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 645518KB )   ( 1034 ) Abstract: The fruit chroma values have been accurately measured through this research. The research on the fruit chroma of the apples grown by disperasal stratified system, open center system and other systems showed that the dominant wavelength of apples reconstructed by open center system is closer to red and lager saturation than that of apples by disperasal stratified system. In chromaticity coordinate system (L * a * b *), the a* of apples reconstructed by open center system was more than that of apples by disperasal stratified system while the b* of open center system was less. Anyhow, open center system is not conducive to increasing the apples’ brightness. The fruit chroma in the middle canopy is better than the upper and lower parts of the canopy, which may be caused by different radiation. It also has been discovered that the fruit chroma after 3-year-reconstruction of open center system is better than that of 1-year-reconstruction of open center system. The analysis demonstrated that relative radiation from 40% to 80% is the appropriate range for the fruit chroma.

  Rapid Determination of Jujube Witches’ Broom Phytoplasma 2011, 27 (4):  76-80.  Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 903729KB )   ( 1402 ) A rapid determination method was established by 16S rDNA sequence analysis via PCR amplification from the crude DNA extract of ‘Jinsi4’ jujube leaves with witches’ symptoms. The results showed that Jujube witches’ broom phytoplasma strain JWB-Jinsi4,TA shared the identity of 99.7% with Jujube witches’ broom phytoplasma strain JWB-G1（AB052876）and was classified as a member of 16Sr Ⅴ-B group, which indicated that PCR amplification method using crude DNA extract as the template could be used to detect Jujube witches’ broom phytoplasma, and provide the technique support for the diagnosis and control of jujube witches’ broom in productive practice.

  Progress on Cross Breeding and Aseptic Seeding of Chinese Orchid and hybrid Cymbidium 2011, 27 (4):  81-84.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 563015KB )   ( 1139 ) Hybridization between Chinese Orchid and hybrid Cymbidium is the breeding trend of Cymbidium species. Achievements on cross breeding and aseptic seeding of Chinese orchid and hybrid Cymbidium were summarized in recent years, and the cross breeding between Chinese Orchid and hybrid Cymbidium were overviewed in two aspects the choice of hybrid parents and karyotype analysis applications，mainly analyzed the influence of the basic medium, growth regulators and organic additives on aseptic seeding. Finally pointed out some key issues, and discussed the breeding and research directions in the future.

  Predicting Nitrogen Concentrations in Fresh Peach Leaf from Hyper Spectral Remote Sensing 2011, 27 (4):  85-90.  Abstract + ( 1290 )   PDF ( 836029KB )   ( 1488 ) The research was expected to evaluate the possibility and application potential of spectral analysis on predicting nutritional element of fruit trees. The experiment was designed to determine whether nitrogen concentrations could be predicted from reflectance spectra of peach leaved in laboratory, and if so, whether the predictive spectral features could be correlated with nitrogen concentration of peach. Firstly, we measured the specific reflectance (Rλ) of peach tree fresh leaves and the leaves total nitrogen(TN), and analyzed the statistical correlation between each element content and Rλ as well as its several transformations (1/Rλ、log Rλ、d Rλ） within the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1000 nm by factor analysis method, and the spectral reflectance variant of the highest correlation coefficient. Subsequently, we carried on the regression analysis of N content and the corresponding spectral reflectance variant of the highest correlation coefficient by stepwise regression method. The results showed that the correlation coefficient was the highest between the leaves TN and d Rλ. As a whole, the method of spectral analysis had some application potential to predict TN element of peach trees.

  The Occurrence Condition of Main Root-knot Nematode and its Biological Control Technology on Potted Ficus 2011, 27 (4):  91-95.  Abstract + ( 1206 )   PDF ( 655808KB )   ( 1138 ) The potted ficus is one of the mainly export products in Fujian. Root-knot nematode has caused severe damage in recent years. This paper introduced the occurrence condition of Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria on potted ficus, analysed of biological control technology about main root-knot nematode on potted ficus, including the resistance breeding, the protection and utilization of natural enemy biological resources and the research and application of botanical nematicide, etc. Our objective is to realize pollution-free and sustainable control on root-knot nematode.

  Construction and Preliminary Analyses of SSH cDNA Libraries of Anji Baicha (Camellia sinensis) 2011, 27 (4):  96-101.  Abstract + ( 1254 )   PDF ( 790465KB )   ( 1150 ) To separate the differentially expressed genes between white and green period leaf of ‘Anji Baicha’, a subtracted library was constructed by the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. By sequencing the 80 recombinant clones and through BlastX analysis, 30 showed no homologous, 8 had short sequence and also showed poor homologous, for the other 42 fragments in 80 recombinant clones. They showed more or less homologous to all proteins in the database. Three fragments might have correlation with high content of amino acid in ‘Anji Baicha’.

  Biochemical Components in the Shoots of Tea Materials 2011, 27 (4):  102-107.  Abstract + ( 1337 )   PDF ( 607177KB )   ( 1012 ) Biochemical components including water extracts, polyphends, amino acids, caffeine and catechins in the one bud and two leaves of 52 tea materials which coming from Sichuan and other provinces in spring shoots were analyzed. The results showed that all of the materials had the character of high content of water extracts(＞45%); ‘Tianfu28’ had the character of high content of amino acids(＞4%); N-2, N-4 and N-5 had the character of high content of epigallate catechin gallate(＞10%).

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Five Landscape Plants in Sedum on Drought Resistance 2011, 27 (4):  108-114.  Abstract + ( 1165 )   PDF ( 837521KB )   ( 1151 ) In order to evaluate the drought-resistance of the five species of sedum (Sedum spectabile Borea, S. hybridum, Sedum spurium cv. coccineum, S. nicaeense, Sedum sp.), which is commonly-used in urban landscape greening project. By the method of artificial simulation, the drought resistance of 5 Sedum under drought stress was evaluated with subordinate function, and the physiological and biochemical indexes such as growing development indexes, photosynthetic physiology, water physiological properties, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were measured. The results indicated that the order of drought resistance was: Sedum spectabile Borea>Sedum spurium cv.coccineum> Sedum sp.>S. hybridum >S. nicaeense.

  Effect of Chromium Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Mentha haplocalyx Briq. 2011, 27 (4):  115-119.  Abstract + ( 1298 )   PDF ( 720495KB )   ( 1175 ) A experiment of pot culture was carried out to investigate the effects of chromium on root system vigor, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes activities and MDA content of Mentha haplocalyx Briq.. It was observed that with the increasing of chromium concentrations and time, root system vigor decreased continuously; on the contrary, MDA content of different organs increased; antioxidant enzymes activities reached a peak at 40 mg/L of chromium, then decreased; chlorophyll content increased then decreased with the increasing of chromium concentrations. The results suggested that antioxidant enzymes might play important roles to Mentha haplocalyx Briq. to chromium stress .Above 40 mg/L of chromium, the antioxidant enzymes would be destroyed and the growth of plants would be bad.

  Study on the Regeneration System of Ajugalobata 2011, 27 (4):  120-124.  Abstract + ( 1242 )   PDF ( 1417982KB )   ( 1112 ) In order to increase the propagation rate for mass-produced Ajuga lobata and provide the technical guidance for the safety of germplasm resources and effectively preserve, the tissue culture and rapid propagation of Ajuga lobata was studied. The regeneration system of Ajuga lobata was well established by leaf blade. The results summarized as fellow: With 10 min NaClO 3% it can achieve good results by using leaves as explants. MS +6-BA 1 mg/L was the optimum multiplication culture medium. It can get high proliferation rate. MS+6-BA 1mg/L+2,4-D 0.4 mg/L was the optimum callus culture medium. The callus was large and green. MS+IBA 0.4 mg/L was the optimum culture medium taking roots. The roots were flourishing and the plant was strong. Thus the regeneration system of Ajuga lobata was established and it provided a foundation for Ajuga lobata mass production.

  Biological characteristics of a strain of endophytic fungi from Pyrola sp. 2011, 27 (4):  125-128.  Abstract + ( 1583 )   PDF ( 608029KB )   ( 1116 ) Endophytic fungi play a key role in growth and anti-adversity of Pyrola. The biological characteristics of a strain of endophytic fungi R25 (Nectria sp.), which was isolated from Pyrola, were studied to provide evidence for appliance of the strain to introduction and acclimatization of Pyrola. The results showed as follows. The strain grew rapidly during the third to tenth day, followed by stable growth period after the eleventh day. The proper growth temperature of the strain was 10～25℃, and the optimal was 20℃. The optimum growth pH of the strain was 5.0～6.0, and darkness was beneficial to the growth. The strain had the ability of utilizing a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources, and the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and KNO3, respectively. Growing on the OMA media, the strain reached the peak capacity of generating spores.

  Cloning and sequencing of DNA encoding conservative regions of resveratrol synthase in leafs of four grape plants 2011, 27 (4):  129-133.  Abstract + ( 1142 )   PDF ( 3569749KB )   ( 1219 ) PCR primers were designed according to the consensus sequence of some resveratrol synthase (RS) genes registered in GenBank. The results showed that four PCR products had 635 bp of neclotides without any introns in their DNA sequences and that they encoded 211 amino acids. All of the fragments contained the conserved structure domains of RS gene, for example, specific for RS activity core and the family signature sequence for stilbene synthase.

  Construction of Plant Expression Vector of Tonoplast H+-PPase from Lotus corniculatus L and Obtaintion Transgenic Populus tomentosa 2011, 27 (4):  134-138.  Abstract + ( 1192 )   PDF ( 733794KB )   ( 1085 ) In order to improve salt tolerance ability of poplar, in the present study, according to the restriction enzyme site of pGN vector and the tonoplast H+-PPase gene LcVP1 cDNA sequence from Lotus corniculatus L, a pair of primers containing restriction enzyme site was desigined and used to amplify LcVP1 ORF. PCR pruducts and the plasmid pGN were digested by the corresponding restricted enzymes respectively, and linked directionally. Constructed plasmid was named pGVP, and transformated into Agrobacterium. Then, Agrobacterium-mediated leaf discs genetic transformation was carried out, and LcVP1 had been integrated into the genome of the transgenic Populus tomentosa. Carr.

  Genetic Transformation of Portulaca oleracea L. Callus Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2011, 27 (4):  139-143.  Abstract + ( 1367 )   PDF ( 2030128KB )   ( 1036 ) The callus was induced from the leaves of Portulaca oleracea L., and the callus was used for the receptor of genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The resistant callus was screened and confirmed to be transformants by GUS histochemical assays and PCR. It showed that genetic transformation of Portulaca oleracea L. callus mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was entirely feasible.

  Construction of LSV and LMoV Binary Virus Resistant RNAi Vector Using Gateway Technology 2011, 27 (4):  144-147.  Abstract + ( 1551 )   PDF ( 626906KB )   ( 1930 ) In order to gain the RNA interference (RNAi) transformation vector of Lily, two fragment genes about 400 bp of LSV and LMoV were obtained from the total RNA of Lily leaves infected. LSV-LMoV fusion gene was constructed by recombinant PCR technique. Using Gateway cloning technology, the RNAi transformation vector pH7GWIWG2 (Ⅱ) was constructed by BP and LR recombination reactions. PCR and sequencing analysis confirmed that the pH7GWIWG2 (Ⅱ)-LSV-LMoV vector, a binary vector containing two different virus genes, was obtained successfully. Virus susceptible Lily was transformed with pH7GWIWG2 (Ⅱ)-LSV-LMoV by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.

  ISSR Analysis of Cultivated Medicinal Species of Dendrobium Sw. 2011, 27 (4):  148-152.  Abstract + ( 1417 )   PDF ( 619792KB )   ( 1505 ) To provide the reference for variety selection and cross breeding, the genetic diversity of Dendrobium was analyzed by ISSR markers. Fourteen ISSR primers were screened for the ISSR-PCR reaction, 179 polymorphic loci were detected, and the polymorphic percentage was 94.71%. Jaccard similarity index showed that the similarity index among D. candidum was 0.264-0.536, 0.351-0.561 among D. devonianum and 0.115-0.371 among different species. The result of UPGMA analysis showed it had no obvious cross breeding between intraspecies and interspecies. The ISSR results indicated the genetic diversity of Dendrobium plants from different areas was rich.

  Effects of Alginate derived Oligosaccharide on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon Metabolism of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee 2011, 27 (4):  153-159.  Abstract + ( 1398 )   PDF ( 683173KB )   ( 1427 ) A hydroponics experiment was used to study the effects of alginate derived oligosaccharides on photosynthetic characteristics and carbon metabolism of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee. After adding alginate derived oligosaccharides, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE) and CO2 carboxylation efficiency (CE) in leaves were improved; an increased light saturation point (LSP) and a decreased light compensation point (LCP) were observed. The minimal fluorescence (Fo), the maximal fluorescence (Fm), the variable fluorescence (Fv), photosystem II maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and its electron transfer rate (ETR) and the non-photochemical quench (NPQ) to some extent was improved. Meanwhile the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) increased evidently which facilitated the increase of sucrose contents. In early stage of study, invertase activity also increased significantly, while they decreased significantly at the 6th day; glucose contents also decreased. The starch contents were gradually increased with time, but cellulose contents were contrary. The results suggested the application of alginate derived oligosaccharides could promote the trapping and conversion of light energy in B. campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee, enhance light utilized efficiency, change the process of the carbon metabolism and facilitate the accumulation of carbon metabolism products.

  Identification and Biological Characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Garlic Bolt 2011, 27 (4):  160-164.  Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 1169626KB )   ( 1359 ) The purpose of the research was to confirm the species and the major biological characteristics of the pathogen of anthracnose on garlic bolt. One anthracnose was isolated from the rotted bolts of garlic in XinXiang, Henan Province. Based on its morphologic characters, cultural characteristics and pathogenicity, the pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc.. The temperature for the mycelial growth ranged from 10 to 35℃, with the optimum at 25℃. The suitable pH ranged from 3 to7, with the optimum at 7. For the conidial germination, the temperature ranged from 10 to 40℃, with the optimum at 30℃. The suitable pH ranged from 4 to 7, with the optimum at 6. When relative humidity (RH) reached 100%, the percentage of conidial germination was highest, but the conidium couldn’t germinate at lower than 90% RH. Alternation of light and darkness was the best for mycelial growth, and darkness was favorable for conidial germination. This is the first report of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on garlic bolt in China.

  The Screening of Tissue Culture Medium for Brassica compestris L. ssp. pekinensis Olsson cv. ‘Jinyu60’ 2011, 27 (4):  165-168.  Abstract + ( 1141 )   PDF ( 1060548KB )   ( 1021 ) To study the genetic transformation of Chinese cabbage-pe-tsai (Brassica compestris L. ssp. pekinensis Olsson ‘Jinyu60’), its tissue culture system was established. Cotyledons with petiole were used as explants, and the culture conditions were optimized by an orthogonal design. The results showed that, before and after genetic transformation, the optimum organization culture medium combination for ‘Jinyu60’ was: MS+3 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L NAA+4 mg/L AgNO3+2% sucrose+0.8% agar and MS+3 mg/L 6-BA+0.01 mg/L NAA+4 mg/L AgNO3+2% sucrose+0.8% agar, respectively. The concentration rate between 6-BA and NAA was 3:0.01.

  Test of Optimization of Pepper Seed Priming 2011, 27 (4):  169-172.  Abstract + ( 1316 )   PDF ( 581671KB )   ( 1444 ) In this article the method of pepper seed priming was optimized. Pepper seeds were used as material, oscillator was used as priming tool, chemical medicine and H2O were used to prime pepper seeds. Germination characters of primed pepper seeds were measured. The results showed that germination characters and resistance of the primed seeds had both been improved. The treatment (1) ‘1.8% KNO3+0.2% ZnSO4, 4 d’ was the optimal among all the treatments. The germination rate of the treatment (4) ‘10% PEG+1.8% KNO3+0.2% ZnSO4, 6 d’ declined obviously when primed three months later, although it was the best in half a month. In a word, the best priming method was ‘1.8% KNO3+0.2% ZnSO4, 4 d’.

  Molecular Identification of Peach Germplasm by ISSR Markers 2011, 27 (4):  173-177.  Abstract + ( 1274 )   PDF ( 1105170KB )   ( 1601 ) To differentiate and identify varieties and types of peach germplasm, the genetic diversity and cultivar identification among 28 peach accessions by ISSR markers were explored. Twenty three ISSR primers amplified 188 bands, 96 bands were polymorphic, and the polymorphic percentage was 51.06%. The genetic similarity coefficient (GS) estimated from these molecular data ranged from 0.84 to 0.97, with an average of 0.92. Each genotype had a unique banding profile, and a total of 20 specific ISSR fragments were available to be converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. UPGMA analysis showed that there were not distinct clusters and sub-clusters were consistent with geographical origins and agricultural character of peaches. The results of cluster analysis might be related to the germplasm exchanges between different regions and the characteristics of ISSR markers.

  Isolation and Identification of a Penicillium Strain against Banana Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Cubense 2011, 27 (4):  178-182.  Abstract + ( 1465 )   PDF ( 1533128KB )   ( 2941 ) Penicillium QW1 was isolated from soil in Hainan province against banana wilt disease caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4(FOC4). The morphological characteristics, colony characteristics and 26S rDNA sequences analysis of QW1 were studied. QW1 produces sexual spores. The substrate myceliums have no partition. The tops of conidiophores swell to broom shape. Single-conidiospore is oval and blue. The colony of QW1 is white when it starts growing on PDA medium, after matured, the aerial myceliums of QW1 become blue gradually because of spores. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with the published 26S rDNA sequences of the related species. The QW1 strain showed more than 99% identity with Penicillium. QW1 strain was classed to Penicillium. The co-culture tests in soil between QW1 and FOC4 indicated that QW1 had strong growth ability in soil and great resistance on FOC4.

  Analysis on the Diversity of Morphological Traits and Nutritional Contents in Bitter Gourd Germplasm Resources 2011, 27 (4):  183-188.  Abstract + ( 1211 )   PDF ( 604199KB )   ( 1328 ) The bitter gourd resources have the characteristics of diversity in morphological traits and nutritional contents. The purpose of the present study was to compare the variation of different traits based on the observation of 26 morphological traits and five nutritional parameters in the fruits of 44 bitter gourd varieties (strains). The results showed that: (1) For morphological traits, there were significant differences in fruit shape, fruit color, fruit weight, tumor size of melon, and number of melon seeds, but no significant differences were found in variations of branches, melon width and seed pattern among varieties(strains). (2)For nutritional contents, no significant differences were found in water content, but the greatest differences were found in protein content, and followed by vitamin C content among varieties (strains).

  Effects of NaCl stress on plant growth and chlorophyll fluorescence character istics in seedlings of two muskmelon cultivars 2011, 27 (4):  189-193.  Abstract + ( 1319 )   PDF ( 827833KB )   ( 925 ) Abstract: The plant growth, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in muskmelon seedlings were studied under 0, 50, 100, 150and 200 mmol?L-1 NaCl stress. The results showed that the plant growth, Fv/Fm, ETR,ФPSⅡand qP were increased under NaCl of 50mmol/L stress. The plant growth and chlorophyll fluorescence character istics of‘Chunli’was less affected than‘Alusichun ’. Pc mean of ‘Chunli’was more than ‘Alusichun ’, but Hd mean was reverse, Ex mean of two muskmelon cultivars was approaching under 0-200 mmol?L-1 NaCl stress . The changes of plant growth and chlorophyll fluorescence character istics were related to salt tolerance of two muskmelon cultivars.

  Effects of Hami melon’s autointoxication on seedling growth, physiology and biochemistry 2011, 27 (4):  194-197.  Abstract + ( 1449 )   PDF ( 1069246KB )   ( 1089 ) The Autointoxication effects of water extract of Hami melon’s Leaf on seedling growth were investigated. The results showed that leaf water extract had some inhibiting effects on root length and the root number of Hami melon in concentrations of 50/L 、90/L and the inhibiting effects were strengthened with increasing of water extract concentration. Leaf water extract had some promotion effects on plant height and green weigh in concentrations of 50/L、90g/L; Comparedwith controls，the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid all significantly were decreased with increasing of water extract concentration.

  Shoot Tip Tissue Virus-free Culture and RT-PCR Detection of GLRaV-3 in Red Globe Grape 2011, 27 (4):  198-202.  Abstract + ( 1463 )   PDF ( 1728610KB )   ( 1226 ) Effects of the stem-apex size and different combinations among 6-BA, NAA, IBA and KT on shoot tip culture in vitro were studied by using red globe grape infected with GLRaV-3 virus. GLRaV-3 was detected early in some of red globe grape of plantlets in vitro with RT-PCR technique. The results showed that the best suitable initial medium was 1/2MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ KT 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L. The optimum medium for shoot differentiation was B5+KT 1.0 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L. Plants free of GLRaV-3 were found. The size of excised shoot tip was proportional to the survival sate and inverse ratio to the virus elimination rate. The RT-PCR detection technology was used for the GLRaV-3 detection and a 300 bp specific fragment was effectively amplified. The virology detection showed that virus-free red globe grape were obtained in 28 and the average rate of virus elimination was 43%.

  Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) Cultivar ‘Kivigold’ 2011, 27 (4):  203-207.  Abstract + ( 1217 )   PDF ( 637319KB )   ( 1015 ) The sterilization time of HgCl2 (0.1%) in initial culture, suitable type and concentration of phytohormone in proliferation and rooting culture media of adventitious bud, suitable matrix in transplant were selected using the stem segment with an axillary bud of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cultivar ‘Kivigold’ as explants, and also suitable sugar during proliferation culture process was studied. The results showed that in initial culture, the optimal sterilization time of 0.1% HgCl2 was 10 min, the explants can grow well on MS medium with only 6-BA; The single factor experiment revealed that cytokinin mainly affects on proliferation while auxin affects on growth during proliferation process of adventitious bud, and medium with 6-BA concentration below 1.5 mg/L and NAA concentration below 0.5mg/L was more appropriate; Sucrose is more beneficial to bud growth during proliferation process of adventitious bud; Through a further combinative selection, it was determined that the medium suitable for proliferation of ‘Kivigold’ adventitious bud was MS + 1.00 mg/L 6-BA + 0.10 mg/L NAA (containing 20 g/L sucrose and 5.9 g/L agar, pH 5.8), the optimum medium for rooting of ‘Kivigold’ adventitious bud was 1/2 MS + 0.10 mg/L NAA (containing 20 g/L sucrose and 5.9 g/L agar, pH 5.8); Peat soil + perlite at the rate of 1:1 was the suitable matrix for transplanting, the survival rate was 93.33%.

  The effects of Low Nitrogen Stress on Different Sugarcane Genotypes 2011, 27 (4):  208-211.  Abstract + ( 1386 )   PDF ( 556864KB )   ( 754 ) The aim was to know the manifestations of different sugarcane genotypes in low nitrogen stress. ROC22 was used as control in the comparative planting experiment, and six Guitang strains from seeding in 2004 were studied. The results indicated that germination rate, stalk diameter, millable stalks, the cane yield and sucrose content of 04/1028, 04/1531, 04/522, 04/539, 04/2299 and 04/109 were higher than those of CK. The ability of Guitang 04/539 in low nitrogen stress was strongest. Its cane yield and sucrose contents were 104.81 t/hm2 and 15.04 t/hm2, which increased 17.46% and 15.04%, respectively, compared with CK. The tillering rate and internode elongation of the sugarcane strains were influenced badly by low nitrogen stress. The result could be given reference for further nitrogen efficiency sugarcane breeding.

  Differential Proteomics Technology and its Application in Horticultural Plants 2011, 27 (4):  212-218.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 658923KB )   ( 1506 ) Differential proteomics is a major research area in proteomics era. The value, concept, research method and application of differential proteomics in horticultural plants are briefly introduced in this paper. Differential proteomics is based on the method of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. Differential proteomics technology could be used to understand the mechanism that controls many processes in horticultural plants.

  Study on the Introduction, Screening, Innovation and Utilization of Ornamental Pumpkin Germplasm Resources 2011, 27 (4):  219-222.  Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 532812KB )   ( 953 ) In order to develop new hybrids which grow vigorous, bear fruit better, have high resistant disease. Thirty-two ornamental pumpkins were introduced from home and abroad, and the botanical characteristics were investigated. Twenty-two accessions which had steady and ornamental value were selected by observing the phenotype of self progeny. Twelve hybrids of ornamental pumpkin were bred, ‘Huangtaizi’, ‘Baixuegongzhu’, ‘Fozhong’, ‘Huaguan’, ‘Qianshou’, ‘Hualian’, ‘Feidie’, ‘Zhaoyang’, ‘Dalingdang’, ‘Xiaojinyu’, ‘Longnv’ and ‘Fuxing’. New cultivars were popularized and applied in many places, Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Anhui, Hebei, Heilongjang and Shouguang in Shandong province.

  Effects of Different Substrates Formula on Tomato Seedlings Growth in Winter 2011, 27 (4):  223-226.  Abstract + ( 1221 )   PDF ( 569181KB )   ( 1491 ) To screen the best seedling substrates formula for the growth of tomato, this paper investigated the effects of five different substrates formula on tomato sprouting rate, growth and development, seedling quality during the tomato seedlings in winter. The result showed that the growth indices of treatment T5 (peat:vermiculite=1:1), including seeding sprouting rate, stem diameter, root length, root weight, aerial weight, sound seedling index, G value, were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The result of treatment T1 (peat:vermiculite:perlite=1:1:1) was the worst in all the treatments.

  Comparison of Biological Traits of flowers and the Rate of Pollen Germination among 47 Japanese Apricot Comparison of Biological Traits of flowers and the Rate of Pollen Germination among 47 Prunus mume CultivarsComparison of Biological Traits of flowers and the Rate of Pollen Germination among 47 Prunus mume Cultivars 2011, 27 (4):  227-232.  Abstract + ( 1105 )   PDF ( 686407KB )   ( 966 ) For protecting a normal reference for bloom, guaranteeing high-quality produce to provide a theory of Prunus mume on the production, and lay a foundation for further research pollen germination and cross-fertilize. We have investigated biological traits of flowers and pollen germination among 47 Prunus mume cultivars, including aroma, the rate of incomplete flower and pollen quantity and measured the rate of pollen germination. Subsequently, we have got some results as follows through the correlative statistics analysis: Chinese cultivars’ aroma is more fragrant than Japanese cultivars’; the rate of incomplete flower covers 0%-59.65%; there was an obvious diversity among the pollen quantity of different cultivars, and the coverage was from 0 to 1265; there was an obvious diversity among the rate of pollen germination of different cultivars, the highest rate was 84.76% and the lowest rate was 0; there was an obvious correlativity between pollen quantity and the rate of pollen germination. Incomplete flowers occupy a high proportion and flowering periods were easily endangered by low temperature, which resulted in Prunus mume yield low and unsteady. This experiment showed that different species of Prunus mume presented a marked diversity among the rate of incomplete flower, pollen quantity and germination.

  Reserched of Fertilizing Scheme of Mango Orchards in The North of Nigeria 2011, 27 (4):  233-237.  Abstract + ( 1038 )   PDF ( 583756KB )   ( 1883 ) For raising the output of mango orchards of the ecological environment like north Nigeria rapidly, we designed and down the experiment of L9(3)4＋1. Through the experiment we made clear and definite the manure methods are fertilizing in the beginning of July and the end of Dec. two time that the efficacy of raised the result of fertilizer and increased the output obviously. That are the best measure of fertilizing, mainly using N fertilizer and K fertilizer in July and N, P, K altogether in the Dec. increasing the output and economical efficacy we ought to pay attention to the N and K fertilizer, and increasing the quantity of fertilizing. The experiment made the basis of the best fertilizing schedule that require to researching further.

  The Discussion of Modern Art in the Use of Urban Landscape Design 2011, 27 (4):  238-242.  Abstract + ( 1170 )   PDF ( 1807417KB )   ( 1383 ) With the development of current society, and the rising of the public standard of living, the level of education and the awareness on the art, people’s aesthetic judgment is keeping on developing. Modern art and design are the products of the new era, and the art and design can not be separated. Landscape design is the most comprehensive art in the modern times; it has a necessary link with the modern art forms. Nowadays, the urban landscape design has been rapidly developing, and the art design has also flourished in the field of arts. In this paper, the author briefly defined the meaning of urban landscape design with the methods of consulting the documents and analyzing the cases. The relationship between the urban landscape design and the modern art has been described, and the urban landscape design that has been influenced by the modern art has been analyzed from the aspects of the pieces of landscapes, sculptures, plants and others.

  The Analysis of coordination in Landscape Architecture Essay and the garden style 2011, 27 (4):  243-247.  Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 1088381KB )   ( 1100 ) Abstract：The development of gardening, like cities and architecture, with a strong spirit of the times, today the development of the outstanding performance of Chinese garden, is the West design continuing infiltration in china, in the process, the style types and differences of east and Western analysis is particularly prominent. However, in the context of today, globalization seems to have been inevitable, but because of differences in Western history, culture and understanding with Chinese there is a problem of uncoordinated in the overall style of garden design and landscape elements,resulting more confusion in today garden design. This paper summarized the east and western classical garden style and landscape architecture, based on landscape design elements for the current one - landscape architecture, essay on the problems, to analyze from various angles how it coordination with the overall style of the garden, hoping to provide some reference for today garden design.

  The Design and Development of Landscape Architecture Design Elements Based on VRML 2011, 27 (4):  248-252.  Abstract + ( 1168 )   PDF ( 1101735KB )   ( 988 ) The designer and the user can get the comprehensive result of survey and design when the virtual reality technology is applied to the landscape architecture designing. However, the application is still relatively small. The three-dimensional model of landscape architecture design elements were constructed based on VRML in this paper, these elements included plants, buildings, terrain and water. This paper achieved the function of roaming and interaction on internet. The research showed these ways were effective, and the effect was very good.

  Research on Vegetable Price Changes and Transmission Mechanism between Wholesale and Retail Markets 2011, 27 (4):  253-260.  Abstract + ( 1340 )   PDF ( 857440KB )   ( 974 ) This paper explored the wholesale and retail vegetable prices transmission mechanism, at the base of prices of cabbage, cucumber and spinach in Beijing markets. And using correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, the ratio of wholesale and retail prices, this paper analyzed the price change rules in both wholesale and retail market, and also explored the relationship between wholesale and retail prices, with the establishment of VAR model, Granger causality test, impulse response functions and variance decomposition. The results demonstratd that when wholesale and retail prices obtain a strong correlation, retail market prices were more stable than those of wholesale, and the ratio relationship of the three kinds of vegetables between wholesale and retail prices maintains at 2 times. The cabbage price of wholesale and retail had Granger causal relationship with each other, while prices of cucumber and spinach were in one-way guide from the wholesale to retail price. Impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis showed that there were some differences in the role for wholesale and retail markets of different varieties of vegetables, but generally, wholesale market or wholesalers in the wholesale and retail price transmission played a leading role, which was the central link of price changes, and retailers remained at a relatively weak position. Therefore, the city should put forward a sound agricultural products circulation mechanism, regulate the wholesale market operations, and guide retailers to play a greater role in the competitive market.

  Key Technologies Evaluation of Incremental Economic Land Consolidation——Concepts Definition and Research Framein Central Major Grain-producing Region 2011, 27 (4):  261-267.  Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 885208KB )   ( 958 ) It is of great significance to evaluate the key technologies of incremental economic land consolidation in central major grain-producing region, which would promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, improve the technological level of land consolidation, the food production capacity and benefit, and would ensure national food security. Based on assessment of the relational concepts, this paper proposed the essence of the central major grain-producing region and incremental economic land consolidation, divided the four key stages of land consolidation concerning the key technologies, and developed a research frame. The frame may include: (1) Using “3S” technology, to divide land consolidation sub-zone in central major grain-producing region; (2) With the technology needs of different sub-zones, evaluating, selecting and integrating the key technologies in the different land consolidation stages; (3) Integrating key technologies system of incremental economic land consolidation in central major grain-producing region, providing the basis for “Project construction key technologies specification of incremental economic land consolidation in central major grain-producing region”, key technologies integration and application demonstration.

  Comprehensive Evaluation and Promotion Suggestion of Wheat/corn Agronomic Water-saving Technology Integration Model in Heilonggang Region 2011, 27 (4):  268-275.  Abstract + ( 1008 )   PDF ( 786229KB )   ( 959 ) Heilonggang water shortage is a major factor to limit the development of agricultural production in this area. The main planting model is winter wheat and summer maize double cropping in this area, wheat/corn yield depends mainly on exploitation of groundwater to maintain. In recent years, with the popularization and application of wheat water-saving techniques, grain yield and water efficiency gradually improved, but water yield potential is still huge. In particular, it is very necessary starting from the anniversary of the efficient use of water resources, establishment of regional characteristics, water-saving and efficient integration of the two mature technology system. Comprehensive Evaluation wheat and corn agronomic water-saving technology integration model are by entropy method. The conclusion is: minimum of water and fertilizer inputs mode is the best, water and fertilizer saving mode is the second-best, traditional of high water and fertilizer mode is the worst. Wheat and corn saving water and fertilizer is the development direction in future, should further raise the awareness of farmers of agricultural water. use various means to promote farmers using water-saving technologies of wheat and corn.

  Influence of Financial Crisis on Production, Trade and Enterprise Development of Apiculture Industry in China liu peng 2011, 27 (4):  276-279.  Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 498428KB )   ( 819 ) In order to understand the influence of the financial crisis on apiculture industry in China, the authors had signed relevant questionnaires for investigating 193 beekeepers, more than 30 beekeeping enterprises in the whole country. Using mathematical statistical analysis methods and combing with expert interview and experiences of writers, the paper systematically analyze the influence of the financial crisis on development of China’s apiculture industry form the view of production, trade and enterprise development. The result showed that the overall export of bee products was good, while the export of royal jelly preparation plummeted. Chinese honey was almost out of the U.S. market. The impact of financial crisis on beekeepers was very large, especially for commercial beekeepers, and discouraged production; and then the impact on domestic trade-based companies was higher than domestic foreign trade-based companies since financial crisis. In view of the above-mentioned facts and the remarkable periodicity of financial crisis, this article provided 4 suggestions about supporting the commercial beekeepers, building up the early-warning mechanism, and so on.

  Modes of Agricultural S&T Achievements Transformation on the Perspective of Industry and Region 2011, 27 (4):  280-284.  Abstract + ( 932 )   PDF ( 526711KB )   ( 1310 ) This paper summarizes the development status of transformation of agricultural science and technology, and analyses the feature of the transformation mode on government-led and the non-governmental entities. And then the characteristics of mode of agricultural science and technology achievements transformation are discussed and analyzed from the perspective of the industry and region that have the the technical characteristics. Finally, we conclude that the choice of specific modes to be converted to consider the nature of the technology, but also fully integrate the attributes of industries and district. In the meantime, by the use of combining the technical and the local agricultural structure adjustment, the results can be transformed into full play.

  Research on the Development Prospects of Urban Agriculture in Beijing 2011, 27 (4):  285-289.  Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 554880KB )   ( 1560 ) Citizens using small space in urban for agriculture production practices had been an important recreation activity. Urban agriculture had became an important aspect in urban planning in developed countries. In this paper, through the comparative analysis between foreign urban agriculture, pre-urban agriculture and China urban agriculture, studied the development process, mode, technology and risk both at home and abroad; according to the Beijing municipal development of urban agriculture and the layout of metropolitan modern agriculture, analysised the prospects of Beijing urban agriculture,which was considerded that there was a certain market and social demand in the development, and put forward the development priorities, models and measures of urban agriculture in Beijing. This paper holds that:the development of urban agriculture in Beijing should pay attention to improve the function of agricultural landscape,ecology,culture,education, leisure and service,etc.; the main construction mode include educational and display agriculture,public green space agriculture,institution ecological landscape agriculture,building community agriculture,courtyard agriculture,urban farming gardens and exhibition agriculture; suggestions and countermeasures include: standardize and guide the development of urban agriculture through department linkage and discussion; research the development mode and technology of urban agriculture through experimental demonstration; construct the support system of science and technology of urban agriculture through present situation investigation and technology integration;construct the technology and market service system of urban agriculture through investigation and enterprise operation.

  Research and Utilization Statue of Licorice 2011, 27 (4):  290-295.  Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 658905KB )   ( 1863 ) Licorice is a common traditional Chinese herbal medicine and its chemical constituents, pharmacology and utilization have been widespread concerned. The research progress on the resource distribution, chemical constituents and their extraction and separation methods, pharmacological effects, development and utilization of licorice are reviewed, which would provide theoretical and methodological bases for further development and utilization of licorice resources.

  An Empirical Research on Production Efficiency of Green Tea Based on DEA Analysis in China 2011, 27 (4):  296-300.  Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 582514KB )   ( 1218 ) Productivity is a reflection of the competitiveness. Evaluating the production efficiency of green tea plantings in China is important to the development of tea industry in China. In this paper the DEA method was used to evaluate the input-output efficiency, the ten main producing provinces of China green tea as a decision-making unit. One side, from the DEA analysis the production of green tea such as Zhejiang province is non-DEA efficient and the reasons of non-DEA efficient units, each unit is increasing returns to scale; on the other side, the input redundancy was calculated according to the analysis of projection. Eventually, several propositions and policies were derived for the improvements of farmers’ production decisions.

  Comparative Research on Nut Qualities and Mineral Nutrient Content in Different Walnut Cultivars 2011, 27 (4):  301-305.  Abstract + ( 1125 )   PDF ( 732104KB )   ( 1176 ) The paper investigated and evaluated the nut qualities of 13 walnut cultivars of Fenyang in Shanxi province, and the mineral nutrition content of their nutmeats were determined. The results showed that the nut qualities of different walnut cultivars differentiates each another, and that of ‘Zhonglin No.5’, ‘Luguang’, ‘Jing746’ and ‘Jinlong No.2’ are better. The crude fat content of ‘Zhonglin No.1’and ‘Zhonglin No.2’, ‘Liaohe No.1’, ‘Wen185’ and ‘Jinlong No.2’ are all relatively higher and over 65% and reach the super standard of nation. The crude protein content of 13 types of walnut all exceed super standard of nation, and that of ‘Zhonglin No.3’, ‘Zhonglin No.5’, ‘Zhonglin No.6’, ‘Jing746’ and ‘Jinlong No.2’ exceed 20%. The mineral nutrient contents of different kinds of walnut cultivars are different, Ca、Fe and Mn of which are bigger and P、K、Mg、Zn and Cu are relatively smaller.

  Study on Moisture Dissipation Law of ‘Xixiang’ Walnut during Roasting 2011, 27 (4):  306-310.  Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 654856KB )   ( 1110 ) The study focused on the comparison moisture dissipation of walnut in roasting with intelligent and non-intelligent equipment based on three-stage roasting approach. Results showed that the speed of moisture dissipation was quite slow during the initial stage of moisture-dispelling and later period of kernel-drying. There was no obvious difference of moisture dissipation at different roasting level with different location. Most of moisture loss happens at stages as fixation, later part of moisture-dispelling and early stage of kernel-drying, there were obvious differences of moisture dissipation at different roasting level with different location. Moisture loss of fresh kernel roasted with intelligent equipment ranged from 41.31 percent at lower location, 39.28 percent at middle location through 37.73 percent at upper location, the average level was 39.44 percent. Moisture loss of fresh kernel roasted with non-intelligent equipment in the procedures as moisture-dispelling, fixation and kernel-drying ranged from 61.9 percent, 22.4 percent through 8.5 percent respectively, indicating the tendency as slow, fast and slow.

  Determination of Anthocyanin in Black Peanut Testae by HPLC 2011, 27 (4):  311-315.  Abstract + ( 1386 )   PDF ( 894012KB )   ( 1200 ) In order to establish a simple method to determine anthocynin content of black peanut, which has great commercial potentials, we measured the content and major compositions of anthocynin in both ordinary and black peanut testae by HPLC in this paper. Our results showed that there was 1.16mg/g total anthocyanin in fresh back peanut testae. Two major components, the content of which was 98.3% of total anthocyanin in back peanut testa, were detected as two peaks at 10.283 min and 11.217 min respectively during HPLC. They were 810 times and 580 times higher than ordinary peanuts’ respectively, which were deduced as cyanidin-3-sophoroside and cyaniding-3-sambubioside according to previous study.

  Study on Extraction of Cellulose and Removal of Hemicelluloses and Lignin from Bagasse 2011, 27 (4):  316-320.  Abstract + ( 1621 )   PDF ( 752896KB )   ( 2268 ) To get the high quality cellulose, by studying on the extraction technology of cellulose from bagasse, the author had determined the technique of more extraction content of cellulose and bigger removal rate of hemicellulose and lignin. The results showed that the best reaction condition was that NaOH concentration was 4%, H2O2 concentration was 0.7%, extracting temperature was 85℃, NaClO2 concentration was 9.5 g/L. Under the condition, the content of cellulose extraction was 82.73%, the removal rate of lignin was 94.44%, and the removal rate of hemicellulose was 75.54%.

  Fermentation Conditions of a Collagenase-Producing Marine Microorganism 2011, 27 (4):  321-325.  Abstract + ( 1236 )   PDF ( 755052KB )   ( 916 ) Aeromonas sp.F3 screened from marine mud should secrete a protease to hydrolyze collagen. The fermentation of Aeromonas sp.F3 was investigated through single-factor test. The main factors included fermentation conditions and the medium. With single factor trial, the optimal culture condition was determined: 40℃ of fermentation temperature, pH8 and volume 80~100 mL/250 mL for 24 h. The optimal liquid medium was: 3 g/L glucose as carbon source, 9 g/L yeast extract powder as nitrogen source, 5 g/L NaCl as inorganic salt and 10 mg/L MnSO4 as metal ion. Under the optimum condition, the enzyme activity increased very observably.

  Studying the Characteristics of Snack Foods by Texture Analyzer 2011, 27 (4):  326-329.  Abstract + ( 947 )   PDF ( 1080730KB )   ( 1034 ) At present the quality assessment of most snack foods mainly using sensory evaluation is still a lack of scientific. Texture analyzer was used to evaluate the characteristics of snack foods and the characteristics of quality. Experiments showed texture analyzer could not only accurately and comprehensively reflect the characteristics of snack foods quality, but also were highly related with sensory evaluation. Texture analyzer could be more scientific valuation of the characteristics of snack foods quality.

  Preparation of Compound Vitamin Liposomes 2011, 27 (4):  330-333.  Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 5106344KB )   ( 936 ) Compound vitamin liposomes were prepared by freeze-drying-comminuting-sieving. Soybean phospholipid powder was selected as coating material. The mixture of thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid and nicotinamide was used as core material. Influences of ratio of coating material to core material on the loading and encapsulation efficiency of vitamins in liposomes were investigated. Results indicated that as the ratio of coating material to core material increased, the encapsulation efficiency of vitamins increased while the loading of vitamins decreased. The optimum ratio of coating material to core material was 15 / 1(w / w).

  Effect of Spreading Time on Aroma Components in Fresh Tea Leaves 2011, 27 (4):  334-338.  Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 657071KB )   ( 1002 ) In order to investigate the effect of spreading on aroma components in fresh tealeaves, the same batch of fresh tea leaves was spread respectively with 0~28 hours in the same temperature and humidity, microwave fixed sample. GC-MS analysis results showed that with a certain time (6~12 h) spreading, total aroma oil, amount of aroma and the content of tea characteristic aroma of the fresh tea leaves were in higher level. But the shorter time (less than 6 h) or the longer time (more than 12 h) spreading was harmful for the tea aroma quality formation.

  Comparison of Old Plant Tea and Tableland Tea on Convention Components of Fresh Leaf and Tea Quality 2011, 27 (4):  339-344.  Abstract + ( 1461 )   PDF ( 641303KB )   ( 1688 ) Old tea plant and tableland tea plant were compared on convention components of fresh leaf and tea quality to provide theoretical basis for evaluation and utilization of the ancient tea plant resources. Different tea samples were product by fresh leaf of old tea plant and tableland tea plant at Nannuo mountain in Menghai county of Yunnan respectively. The results of sensory evaluation and quality composition analysis showed that: (1)The main biochemical components content of tea polyphenols, catechin, amino acids, caffeine, water extract of old plant tea fresh leaf were higher than that of tableland tea fresh leaf. It was suggesting that the material base of fresh leaf in old tea plant was superior than in tableland tea plant; (2)From the content of quality components, the ratio of taste compounds in old plant tea was more suitable than that in tableland tea for the request of consumers. Concretely, the content of amino acid in old plant tea was higher significantly than that of tableland tea, while catechins content, phenolic/ammonia significantly below tableland tea; (3)From sensory quality, old plant tea were superior tableland tea. Old plant tea tasted thick, harmonious and sweety, while tableland tea tasted thin, bitter, poorly harmonious. From brewing times, old plant tea could brew 5 times, one times more than tableland tea, It indicated that old plant tea had better resistance of bubble. Anyhow, old plant tea was more acceptable than tableland tea.

  Study on the Detecting Method of Optimum Fermentation of Kungfu Black 2011, 27 (4):  345-349.  Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 612488KB )   ( 1197 ) It was about how to control the quality of black tea by using the quality index of scientometrics with scientific instrument analysis means. According to the theory on biochemical changes of good quality of Kungfu black, set the time of optimum fermentation process with Spectrophotometer in 460 mm through fermentation process. The experimental results indicated that the method which to define the time of optimum fermentation was measuring the content of theaflavin better than the traditional method which judge the optimum fermentation of Kungfu black by the leaves and aroma. Determine the optimum fermentation of Kungfu black by timing detecting the change of theaflavin in black tea aqueous solution can solve the limitations and fuzziness by someone’s judgment through the senses, and can keep production quality stable with increases.

  Optimization of Microwave Extraction Technology for Yellow Pigment from Orange Peels 2011, 27 (4):  350-355.  Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 949551KB )   ( 1019 ) Yellow pigment was extracted from orange peels with the method of microwave extraction. The single-factor experiments were used to investigate the effects of particle size, the microwave output power, the microwave extraction irradiation time, ratios of solution to solid and alcohol concentration on absorbance. On the basis of single-factor experiments, a quadratic polynomial regression equation of the forecasting model was set up with Box-Behnken design of three factors and three levels. The optimal conditions of microwave extraction were concluded as follows: particle size 0.198 mm, ratios of solvent to material 1:15 (g/mL), alcohol concentration 88%, microwave output power 250 W, microwave extraction irradiation time 500 s. The yield was 14.12%. The pigments were yellow and contained carotenoids and flavonoids.

  The Key Technologies of Vacuum Freeze-drying of Litch Fruits 2011, 27 (4):  356-360.  Abstract + ( 1328 )   PDF ( 1039202KB )   ( 1210 ) In order to confirm the key technology in vacuum freeze-drying of litch, experiments were conducted with litch cultivar ‘Wuye’. The eutectic point and the consolute point of litch were determined by electrical resistance method in the vacuum freeze-drying. The different color fixative agents were compared on their color-protecting effects by analysis the color of the freeze-drying products. The key technical parameters of the vacuum freeze-drying of litch were optimized with the freeze-drying effects of the comprehensive indexes being evaluated by energy consumption, freeze-drying time, appearances shape and colors of the products during the process of vacuum freeze-drying. The results showed that the eutectic point and the consolute point of lithc’s pulp materials were -26℃ and -20.0℃ in the vacuum freeze-drying, respectively. In the solution of 0.6% citric acid or 0.4% citric acid + 0.2%VC with immersing time for 20 min were gaven the best color-protecting effects. At the condition of first drying temperature under 80℃, material maximum temperature of 50℃during sublimation stage, and the combination of the vacuum value in drying chamber ranged from 60 Pa to 70 Pa/from 60 Pa to 70 Pa, could save the energy consumption, shorten the freeze-drying time and improved the appearances shape and color of the vacuum freeze-drying products.

  Study on the Preparation of Graft Copolymers of Methyl Acrylate onto Corn Starch Obtained with Microwave 2011, 27 (4):  361-365.  Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 708804KB )   ( 949 )

  Based on Informational Technology for Designing the Farmland Code of Honeybee Products 2011, 27 (4):  366-369.  Abstract + ( 918 )   PDF ( 524742KB )   ( 1032 ) It is great significance to establish the trace system of honeybee products for designing the rules of honeybee products farmland code. This paper describes the importance of farmland code rules on honeybee products quality safety, takes the method of administrative divisions and information technology, constructs the contents and technical programs of farmland code, realizes the goals of precising honeybee products farmland, and prospect the trace research of honeybee products in the future.

  Bibliometric Analysis on Hyperaccumulator of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution between USA and China A Case Study of Brassica-juncea L 2011, 27 (4):  370-375.  Abstract + ( 1116 )   PDF ( 572911KB )   ( 928 ) To better understand the status of soil heavy metal pollution hyperaccumulators between China and USA and to reflect objectively their scientific advances and influences in the field, a bibliometric study on hyperaccumulator brassica-juncea L literature from China and USA indexed by the Web of Science based on Web of Knowledge during 1900-2009 was carried out using regular search methods. The results indicated that there were not too much difference between China and USA on researchers, research institutions and the amount of literature, but from the highly cited papers, the United States had 6 of top 10 papers on brassica-juncea L in the world, and top 3 papers were from USA. There was no paper from China in top 10. The keywords frequency analysis showed that 2 countries had similar research trends. In short, there is a certain gap between China and USA on the Indian mustard research, and Chinese scholars should improve not only the level of research in this field, but also the influence of scientific papers in the world.

  Analysis on Bibliometrics of Researches of Butterflies in China 2011, 27 (4):  376-380.  Abstract + ( 1206 )   PDF ( 564472KB )   ( 1106 ) By the principles and methods of bibliometrics, the special documents on the researches of butterflies (rhopalocera) in China from 1989 to 2007 were counted and analyzed with ‘China periodical full-text database’ of CNKI as data source. Their philology characteristics（including distribution of years, periodicals source and subject directions, features of authors and researching organization, condition of scientific-funds subsidizing）were discussed. The dynamic changes and basic states on the researches of this field at home during 30 years were revealed and the suggestions for their further development were raised.

  The Status and Evolution of Property Right System of China’s Collective Construction Land 2011, 27 (4):  381-386.  Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 559422KB )   ( 872 ) This paper analyzes the history, mechanism and direction of property right system of China’s collective construction land with institution transition theory to make up for the research shortage. The property right of collective construction land is characteristic of ‘equal land, unequal right and value’ in comparison with state-owned construction land. The cost-benefit form of institution supply of state is changing sharply, and state should endow collective ownership equal status, consummate interior collective decision mechanism and usage rights in the context of institution transition requirement. The progress of property right system of collective construction land results from the combined action of institution requirement and supply, and society development results in the variety of institution requirement, at the same time, state has many selection sets benefiting from national demonstration pilot projects to strike balance of supply-requirement of institution.

  Research Progress on the Intensive Use of Agricultural Land 2011, 27 (4):  387-391.  Abstract + ( 1095 )   PDF ( 513073KB )   ( 1160 ) Food security, contradictions between the land supply and demand is world widely major problems, and the research about the intensive use of agricultural land is the key to them. This article summarizes the main content on the intensive use of agricultural land at home and abroad, analysis showed that the emphases of the study are different in different stages and the different researchers use the different research methods. Based on this proposed the future research trends such as the study of the intensive agricultural technology, the negative effects on the agricultural land intensive use, the urban-rural intensive use of agricultural land issues, how to strengthen the adaptation to the global environmental changes in the intensive use of agricultural land and how to make further improve the evaluation index system on the intensive use of agricultural land.

  Study on relationship between economic development and land use—A case about Baoding 2011, 27 (4):  392-396.  Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 584688KB )   ( 1149 ) Land is the most basic elements of economic development. Changing the way of land use is an important and effective approach for the mode of economic development. How to optimize land use and promote conversion of the mode of economic development become the major issues of economic development. In this article, for the example of Baoding, based on 2000-2008 data, the author use correlation analysis to study the relationship between the economic development and land use and infer to problems. At last, realistic ways are put forward about coordinated development between the economic development and land use.

  The Empirical Analysis on Influencing Factors of Peasant Household’s Farmland Circulation Wish Based on 350 Peasant Household’s Investigations in Gaoyang County, Hebei Province 2011, 27 (4):  397-400.  Abstract + ( 1172 )   PDF ( 673923KB )   ( 875 ) In order to develop appropriate scale, promote rural reform and resolve the ‘three rural’ issues, based on the peasant household’s questionnaire data in gaoyang county, hebei province, the research used the Logistic regression model to analyze the influencing factors of the peasant household’s farmland circulation wish. The results indicated that: after head of household the education level, the farming income proportion, the proportion of migrant workers home, the circulation, lives the improvement anticipated, the rent of soil to the peasant household farmland circulation wish to have the important influence, and proposed the countermeasure to suggest target-oriented, the promotion farmland was reasonable, order, standard circulation, farmland resoures optimization disposition and reasonable use, development large-scale management and modernized agriculture.

  Evaluation of Economic and Environmental Benefits of Joint Household Biogas Project 2011, 27 (4):  401-405.  Abstract + ( 1279 )   PDF ( 895300KB )   ( 1134 ) Because joint household biogas project was carried out not long ago, its profits qualitative assessment research remained little. In order to provide theoretical foundation for its widespread, this paper was based on the data of joint household biogas project of nanyang city in henan province, the comparative analysis was made from 4 aspects, including construction costs, operation and maintenance costs, profits and net present value. Then the author selected the 11 indicators of environmental impact evaluation, the environmental profits was assessed with the help of AHP and SPSS13.0 software. The results showed that the construction cost of each household was less 507 yuan than household biogas digester and service cost per year was more 54.76 yuan. The net present value of the former was 54720.41 yuan and the latter was 4332.11 yuan, the index of scale economy was 115%. So the joint household project had better bright prospects. From 2007 to 2009, the comprehensive scores of environmental profits in wolong district were 6.126, 6.156, 5.816 respectively, the environmental impact of joint household biogas project lay between ‘bigger’ and ‘very’.

  The Study on Rural Ecological Environment Protection and Development in Henan 2011, 27 (4):  406-409.  Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 569093KB )   ( 919 ) Rural environmental problem could not be neglected. For a long time, the results of serious rural eco-environmental problem due to industrial and agricultural pollution, the pressure of economic development and natural degradation, has steady restricted on social economic sustainable development. To create a favorable ecological environment for promoting the economic and social sustainable development in the country, by studying the large province henan as a case, the author pointed out some new views on ecological environment protection and construction.

  Principal Component Regression Analysis on Factors Affecting the Living Standard of Rural Area of Jilin Province 2011, 27 (4):  410-415.  Abstract + ( 1263 )   PDF ( 624877KB )   ( 845 ) Through the empirical analysis on county rural area of Jilin province with the statistic data of 2001, 2004 and 2007, this research is to find out the main factors affecting the regional living standard and generate the index of social economic dynamic factor, agriculture production dynamic factor and living standard factor through synthesizing various index of the society, economy, agriculture and living standard with principal component analysis method. Besides, adopting the principal component regression model, it concludes that the influence of social economic dynamic index and agriculture production dynamic index goes to different directions. It proposes the advice to boost the living standard of rural area according to the analysis results of the model.

  Performance Evaluation of Chinese Agricultural Listed Companies 2011, 27 (4):  416-422.  Abstract + ( 1158 )   PDF ( 713828KB )   ( 1027 ) Agriculture is the basis of national economy development，and agriculture listed companies is the leader of agricultural industrialization,so is of great significance to improve agriculture listed companies performance.This paper focuses on moving average of 27 agricultural companies’ 2007,2008 and 2009 financial datas,then make performance evaluation of the results with factor analysis,concluded that,the scales of current agricultural listed companies are small,their performance distribution is "small bipolar,big centre" olive distribution,the development of the industry sub-sectors are uneven.At last proposed some policy recommendations to improve the performance of agricultural listed companies.

  The Empirical Analysis of Agricultural Enterprises’ Desire of Agricultural Insurance in Fujian 2011, 27 (4):  423-427.  Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 608043KB )   ( 988 ) This paper uses SPSS 13.0 statistical software to make Logistic regression into the survey data of 141 questionnaires of agricultural enterprises arranging agricultural insurance in Fujian, the results of empirical analysis on the factors that affect Fujian agricultural enterprises’ decision-making in agricultural insurance show that three variables including cultivation benefit, the accessibility of breeding sow insurance, the attitudes toward insurance enterprises significantly affect agricultural enterprises’ decisions to buy agricultural insurance, however, the other 4 variables including stock level, cultivation investment, the influence comes from peripheral enterprises, the accessibility of credit aid effecting on agricultural enterprises’ purchasing decision in agricultural insurance weakly. Furthermore, this paper proposes a series of measures such as raising agricultural enterprises’ operating efficiency, detecting distinctive insurance products, improving insurance service and so on, which will lead to a further development of agricultural insurance.

  Advantages And Disadvantages Analysis About Development Mode Of Village Comprehensive Service Stations 2011, 27 (4):  428-431.  Abstract + ( 948 )   PDF ( 473923KB )   ( 883 ) From the aspects of advantages and limitations, this paper analyzed the development mode of the village-neighbourhood service, and put forwarded several considerations to improve agricultural extension mode of village-neighbourhood service stations. As follows , necessary of establishing and perfecting the continuous investment subsidy system of village service stations，improve professional quality of technical persons, and to set up supervising and inspiring system of village comprehensive service stations, etc.

  The Economic Value Evaluation of Geographical Indication Products 2011, 27 (4):  432-435.  Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 550543KB )   ( 864 ) The geographical indication products have unique style and charm due to the origin climate, geology, soil and other natural factors as well as the corresponding human factors, such as production technology, processing technology and cultural background. It plays an important role in rural economic development. The intrinsic value and its measure were revealed by constructing the value system and model of geographical indication products, from the basic theory of product value element composition. The aim was to explore the value contribution of geographical indication productions in rural economic development.

  The Processes and Strategies of Participation Observation in Migration Workers Study——With Case Study on Migrant Worker Decoration Team as an Example 2011, 27 (4):  436-439.  Abstract + ( 1531 )   PDF ( 494737KB )   ( 964 ) Participant observation is one of the basic research methods in sociology and anthropology, and its main traits includes observing their world of daily life from the perspective of insiders, recording and analyzing the materials to break through in theory. This article, integrated with a case study of migrant worker in decoration industry, discusses about 6 issues in the practice of participant observation, including 1) the selection and entrance of field in participant observation, 2) the researcher’s inside role, 3) establishing and maintaining the relationship in the field, 4) the observation, interview and recording in the participant observation, 5) objectivity and neutrality of the participant observation, 6) the joint construction of research subject. The article proposed several strategies in participant observation, including playing inside role, building trust and the mutually beneficial relationship, relying on key person, showing details of research process, and finally proposed that the research subject in participant observation is constructed by researcher and insiders together.

  The Reason Analysis of Farmer Cultural Rights and Interests Suffered Injury 2011, 27 (4):  440-443.  Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 512153KB )   ( 857 ) Farmer's cultural rights and interests have suffered the varying degree loss in a long period. This will not favor the impetus to accomplish the agriculture modernization and develop the new rural reconstruction. The new rural construction which depend on the economical development way, has neglected the countryside cultural construction. The farmers, who receive the culture passively, have not been the main body of the countryside cultural construction. The traditional culture crevasse and the modern culture trap are restricting countryside culture development. These are the reason which farmer cultural rights and interests suffered injury. We must attach importance to the countryside cultural construction, affirm fully the farmer main body status, display the farmer main body function，inherit the traditional culture and avoid the modern culture the trap. We must construct the countryside culture to confirm the new countryside development and satisfy the farmer cultural demand. The farmer's cultural rights and interests can be safeguarded practically.

  Analysis and Research on the Construction of Management Information System of Science in Higher Education Institutions 2011, 27 (4):  444-447.  Abstract + ( 915 )   PDF ( 540021KB )   ( 770 ) Construction of management information system of science is an important part of achieving information of higher education and also are guarantees and necessary carriers for enhancing the level of scientific research. In this article, on the base of analysis the science in higher education institutions, we focused on three frameworks systems about the infrastructure systems, core and main systems, support and service systems. The composition, content, function and the correlation between subsystems are also been studied. We detailed and analysed the main problems, the principal contradiction and its solutions and coping strategies in the process of construction of management information system of science in the current institutions. This study have reference values for carrying out management information system of science in the universities.

  The Investigation of Standardization Awareness of College Students in Guangzhou 2011, 27 (4):  448-452.  Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 581793KB )   ( 772 ) In order to have Guangzhou college students for relative education, it is necessary to fully understand the status of students' awareness of standardization because their awareness of standardization is directly related to the future development of economy and society. This paper aimed to analyze the standardization awareness of college students in Guangzhou by questionnaire. The survey results showed that: Overall, the majority of students did not really understand the concept of standardization, and lacked of awareness of standardization. However, the boys in understanding of the standardization was better than girls, students in the major of liberal arts better than those in science, high grade students better than lower ones, and students from developed regions better than those from underdeveloped areas. Students’ main information source of standardization was from network, followed by television, while information on standardization through other sources was relatively less. So many college students did not pay much attention to standardization or even neglect it; this led to their lower application ability of standardization in everyday life. Furthermore, most college students were lacking initiative in learning standardization knowledge. Thus, more attentions should be paid to the standardization education in universities. Schools and colleges should offer the standardization curriculum and teach the standardization knowledge in specialty courses.

  Study and Implementation of Tea Knowledge Services System Based on Ontology 2011, 27 (4):  453-458.  Abstract + ( 965 )   PDF ( 633856KB )   ( 1043 ) By analyzing the status of traditional agricultural knowledge service systems, the shortcoming were pointed out, such as, lack of semantic support and application in the agricultural field. It was necessary to construct an agricultural knowledge services system based on semantic web and ontology. By analyzing the demands of all kinds of users in tea fields, the main module and workflow adapted to the actual production of tea were designed; the module was composed of three-tired structure: user service interface, knowledge service platform and knowledge base. A tea knowledge services system was initially realized, with the solution of some key technologies, such as the construction of tea ontology, information retrieve from internet, the system architecture and development tools.

  The Remote Sensing Monitoring Method Analysis of Cold Damage Cotton Based on ETM+ Images 2011, 27 (4):  459-463.  Abstract + ( 1042 )   PDF ( 1023584KB )   ( 946 ) In order to timely monitor the cold damage conditions of cotton by remote sensing, arrange disaster relief and assessment, cotton image characteristic parameter and vegetation index change were analyzed. Applied July 25, 2001 and August 10, 2001 ETM+ data, the NDVI of DN values, radiance and planetary reflectance were formed through the geometric correction, radiometric correction and conversion of planetary reflectivity. Then, the cotton field characteristic parameter and spectral signatures change situation were analyzed on July 28, 2001 to August 1, 2001. The results showed that the previous image of the DN value, radiance, mean planetary albedo were higher than that of the subsequent image 29.07%, 30.1%, 3.15%, the previous image physical quantities were larger 67.5%, 40.3%, 33.3% than the subsequent image in the variance, while the values of mean NDVI decreased 21.6%, 19.57%, 12.79%. High-resolution remote sensing data can be indirectly affected by low-temperature injury changes in cotton fields. It is an effective method to monitor the strong low-temperature injury and provide quantitative indexes for disaster assessment.

  The Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Land Use Chang in Yancheng City Based on TM Images 2011, 27 (4):  464-468.  Abstract + ( 1320 )   PDF ( 1458708KB )   ( 1294 ) In order to investigate land resource change in coastal regions and provide basic data for ecological environment protection, the authors took the Yancheng city as an example and interpreted TM images of 1992 and 2002 by supervised classification using maximum likelihood method. GIS technology was employed to analyze land use change spatio-temporal characteristics. And dynamic degree model was applied to describe the change rate of each land use type. The driving factors of land use change were extracted based on the statistical data. The results showed that farmland and tidal flat had the largest decreasing magnitude. Farmland mainly transferred to woodland, water, construction land and garden plot. Tidal flat was transferred to water body, like salt pan and shrimp pond. Construction land had the largest increasing magnitude and velocity, which mainly diverted from farmland. Population expansion, government planning and urbanization can be viewed as the main driving factors of land use change in the study area. Land use change style in the Yancheng city was harmful to regional sustainable development and was dangerous to wild animals’ survival. It was necessary to launch macro-control and scientific management.

  The Trend of Application and Development of Robot Technology in Agriculture 2011, 27 (4):  469-473.  Abstract + ( 1106 )   PDF ( 1130743KB )   ( 1638 ) Agriculture robotics can better serve the agricultural production by studying agricultural robotics technology further, and then increase agricultural mechanization. The author read a lot of related data and had a further study on agricultural robotics. It is found that the application of agricultural robot is more and more wide. It greatly reduces the labor intensity and increases labor efficiency and makes up the shortage of labor scarcity. However, there are some shortcomings on the application of agricultural robots. The improvement and innovation of agricultural robots will bring greater economic benefits and become an important way of modern agricultural development. The author described the latest concept and characteristics of agricultural robot in recent years, analyzed the importance and necessity of agricultural robot, introduced the existing agricultural robot feature, application field. On the basis, some suggestions are proposed on the trend of application and development of robot technology in agriculture.

  Configuration Software for Farm Produce Safety Management Based on Web 2011, 27 (4):  474-477.  Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 1075080KB )   ( 842 ) This paper puts forth a method to build configuration software for farm produce management, which uses SVG as graphics format and Ajax in the process of server–client communication. This paper introduced the mainframe of the system and the realization of the main modules in detail. The key technique is mentioned in the same time. The system is proved not only to realize the real-time monitoring of agricultural production process, but also to provide the basis of early-warning for production process.

  Teaching Reform and Effect Evaluation of Biostatistics Based on Network Education Platform 2011, 27 (4):  478-482.  Abstract + ( 1026 )   PDF ( 581497KB )   ( 1074 ) In order to improve teaching level and education quality of the Biostatistics course, teaching reform and practice involving 77 students in three teaching circles were carried out based on the constructed Network Education Platform of Biostatistics. The results showed that: Using the platform, teaching effects including bilateral teaching and studying activity, experimental teaching, case studying, and student initiative study were increased. SAS analyses indicated that the student studying by means of the network conduced to the increase of their course scores according to the correlation coefficient analysis (R=0.6004**).

  Study on the Sustainable Development Strategy of Wetland's Ecological Tourism Based on SWOT Analysis-A Case of Zhangye National Wetland Park 2011, 27 (4):  483-487.  Abstract + ( 1644 )   PDF ( 613134KB )   ( 1665 ) Wetland park is a part of the city ecology environment. Under the principle of sustainable development, the author made protecting and improving the wetland environment as start, gave full play to comprehensive functions of wetlands, explored countermeasure of wetland's ecological tourism in order to promote the construction and sustainable development of ecological tourism. Based on ecology, economy, tourism science and sociology, the author used induction, deduction and survey research, through improving the basic infrastructures and the tour industry environment of the city, highlighting regional characteristic would be beneficial to the build of wetland park and ecology coordinated sustainable development, harmonious development between human beings and nature, promote the ecological benefit, economical benefit and social benefit of wetland park. Carrying out wetland's ecological tourism will benefit to the wetland's ecological environment protection, promote the build of ecological city, maximize the efficiency of wetland.

  The Study of Tourism Development Model and Effective Way at South Rural of JiangSu provience 2011, 27 (4):  488-492.  Abstract + ( 961 )   PDF ( 702968KB )   ( 1074 ) With the upgrade in industries and the demand of the market, rural tourism in the south part of Jiangsu province has made great strides forward. Many villages are well received for their rich country cultural landscape and Nature landscape. Some suggestions can be put forward to the sustainable development of rural tourism in the south part of Jiangsu province; by analyzing present development method, and studying existing problems.