Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.3 Published:05 February 2011

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  Advances in Mechanisms of Tiller Occurs in Rice 2011, 27 (3):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1544 )   PDF ( 534004KB )   ( 1785 ) Tiller is an important agronomic trait of rice, it affect the number of panicle and grain production of rice. Tiller is a special branch and shape during growth and development of monocotyledonous plants, because the tiller have an observably effect on growth and production of rice, so the research with mechanisms of tiller occurs and control are attract the attention of people all along. Occur of tiller is a complicated process, a lot of factor affect tiller occurs, for example, illumination, temperature, water, nutrition of plant, phytohormone and genetic.. In this particle we summarize the mechanism of rice tiller occurs from four aspects: morphologic, entironment, phytohormone and molecule.

  Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and its Application in Soil Microbial Ecology 2011, 27 (3):  6-9.  Abstract + ( 1263 )   PDF ( 557057KB )   ( 1475 ) Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), which has advantages of high reliability, easy operation, and multiple samples to be processed simultaneously, has become a commonly used molecular technique for rapid fingerprint analysis in microbial community composition, diversity, population dynamics study and so on. Here, a background to the theory and progress of DGGE and its application in soil microbial ecological aspects were reviewed. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of this technique in the study on microbial ecology were discussed and evaluated. Finally, its application potential was prospected.

  Application of High Resolution Melting Analysis in Plant Breeding 2011, 27 (3):  10-14.  Abstract + ( 1296 )   PDF ( 525033KB )   ( 1617 ) HRM (high resolution melting analysis), which based on monitoring melting (dissociation) curves of double-strand DNA, is a recent advance for the detection of mutations and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms). Due to its outstanding performance at sensitivity and accuracy, HRM has been largely used for mutation scanning, genotyping and DNA methylation research in recent years. In this paper, the mechanism and feature of HRM were introduced briefly; furthermore, the prospects of its application in plant breeding were provided by combining with the cases of HRM in analyzing plant populations.

  Recent Development in Pretreatment and Determination Methods of Plant Endohormones 2011, 27 (3):  15-19.  Abstract + ( 1301 )   PDF ( 567355KB )   ( 2239 ) Phytohormones were a series of trace organic compounds synthesized in plants, which played an important role in regulation on plant growth and development, but occured in extremely low concentrations. The endogenous hormones determination technology was very important tool to study their regulatory activity in the plant life. There had been a great deal of discussion on the pretreatment and determination methods with regard to main plant hormones, including biological assay, physical and chemical assay and immunoassay in this paper, as well as the challenges and prospects in the determination methods of plant hormones had been discussed. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography detection methods were currently the mainstream methods of precise determination, but which needed higher pretreatment method. Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectometry had emerged as an effective method for hormones quantification because it combined efficient separation in Liquid Chromatography with selectivity and specificity in MS/MS.

  Dynamics of Soil Enzymes Activities under Two Types of Tillage and Different Microbial Inoculants during Growth of Winter Wheat 2011, 27 (3):  20-25.  Abstract + ( 1478 )   PDF ( 709819KB )   ( 1141 ) Abstract: Dynamics of soil enzymes activities ( soil urease, alkaline phosphatase，cellulase) were studied under two types of tillage and different microbial inoculants during winter wheat growing periods based on straws returned in a field experiment. The results showed that there were no significant differences in soil urease and cellulase activities between the rotary tillage and deep plowing during wheat growth period, however, soil alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased by the rotary tillage. During the wheat growth stages, soil urease activity reduced markedly at jointing stage and increased gradually with nitrogen fertilizer applied, even reached the peak at the booting stage. Soil alkaline phosphatase activity increased slightly with increasing of growing stages. Soil cellulase activity reduced gradually from turning green stage to jointing stage and was the minimum at jointing stage, while the cellulase activity showed the increasing trend for urea application from jointing stage to wheat maturity. Moreover, the soil enzymes activities in rhizosphere were significant higher than those in non-rhizosphere during whole growing stage of winter wheat. Finally，the different microbial inoculants application had no markedly effects on the activities of three soil enzymes.

  Effect of Water Stress on Germination of Tiebtan Spring Barley with Different Genotypes 2011, 27 (3):  26-30.  Abstract + ( 1282 )   PDF ( 617028KB )   ( 977 ) Germination process of 4 different spring barley varieties were tested under different levels of water stress. Results indicated that: (1) Seed germinations of all varieties were suppressed to some degrees under water stress. Germination suppression rate of all 4 varieties were 16%-52% and 4%-50% under severe and light water stress respectively, among which Shekatze 17 variety was the most severely suppressed. (2) Germination rate, germination index and vitality index of all varieties were decreased under water stress. Effect of water stress on germination was highest for Zangqing 320 variety and followed by Maqu 132, Shekatze 17 and Zangqing 148 in order. As the water stress was increased, germination speed was decreased obviously and sprouting strength was also obviously week. (3) Water stress was also suppressed the growth of sprouts and roots. As the water stress increased, sensitivity to the suppression was higher for sprouts than for roots. Shekatze 17 was the most sensitive to suppression for roots, while Zangqing 320 was the most sensitive to suppression for sprouts. Different genotypes of spring barley responded differently to water stress. This indicated that draught tolerance traits of spring barley were different for different genotypes. Among the 4 varieties of spring barley, according to the overall performance of seed germination periods, Zangqing 148 was the best for draught tolerance followed by Maqu 132, Zangqing 320 and Shekatze 17.

  Effect of Grain Position of the Relationship between the Wheat Awn Length and Grain Weight in the Spikelet 2011, 27 (3):  31-34.  Abstract + ( 1296 )   PDF ( 468938KB )   ( 1227 ) In order to discover the effect of grain position effect between the awn length and grain weight, the two wheat cultivars, ‘Meisheng 0308’ and ‘Meisheng 5’ were selected, and their grain length and grain weight of different grain position were studied. The results indicated that the relationship between awn length and grain weight was positive related significantly. The correlation coefficient was 0.373 (P=0.0046) and 0.267 (P=0.0256) respectively. However, in the same flower from different spikelet, the correlation degree between awn length and grain weight was different. There was not significant correlation in the first floret position, while the positive correlation in the second floret position was significant with correlation coefficient 0.3814 (P=0.0454) and 0.4802 (P=0.0170) respectively, and there was significant correlation in the third floret position with correlation coefficient 0.8455(P=0.0003) and 0.8516 (P=0.0001) respectively.

  Determination of Protein Content in Wheat Based on Near Infrared Transmittance Spectroscopy 2011, 27 (3):  35-39.  Abstract + ( 1598 )   PDF ( 756297KB )   ( 1396 ) With its quick, simple, accurate and nondestructive characteristic, NIRS (Near Infrared Transmittance Spectroscopy) is a new method for quality analysis of wheat. In this paper, spectral data were dealt with moving window average method and mahalanobis distance analysis firstly, on the basis of which, the partial least squares model of wheat grain protein was established. The experiment results indicated that the R, MSE and Er were 0.9809, 0.1130 and 1.973% respectively. In contrast with the calibration model built with the original data, the predicted results improved significantly.

  Genetic Pattern and QTL Mapping of Flour Swelling Power in Wheat 2011, 27 (3):  40-43.  Abstract + ( 1485 )   PDF ( 624172KB )   ( 1590 ) To offer theoretical reference for wheat quality genetic improvement research and fine mapping of related genes, the Double Haploid Lines (DH) derived from the cross between ‘Huapei 3’ and ‘Luomai 4’ were used to analyze the genetic way and to identify QTLs for flour swelling power. Composite Interval Mapping was used in QTL Mapping. The results were described as below: swelling character was quantitative in nature, and controlled by many genes with small effects. Two QTLs for flour swelling were identified and mapped on chromosome 4A by analyzing the DH population in Beijing. They were from the additive effect of ‘Huapei3’alleles, their effect values were 0.4298 and 0.5948, respectively. However, one QTL was identified and mapped on chromosome 4A by analyzing the DH population in Henan Province. The location was from the reductive effect of ‘Huapei3’ alleles, the effect value was 0.3024. Three QTLs were located in different intervals on chromosome 4A, explaining 37.92% of the phenotypic variations. No common QTLs was detected in two areas. Although the contribution rate of two QTLs were 11.29% and 21.48% in Beijing and were not stable QTLs. Maybe their applications were not of great value in Marker-assisted Selection for flour swelling power.

  Leaves Senescence Characteristics and Responses of Water Shortage of Different Hybrid Rice 2011, 27 (3):  44-55.  Abstract + ( 1457 )   PDF ( 1866870KB )   ( 1488 ) The pattern of leaves senescence was studied to provide the reference for the planting technology and breeding to resist premature senescence in rice. Six of hybrid rice combination were used. The limited and conventional irrigation managements were compared after the heading of rice. The root activities, nitrogen content of leaves, and chlorophyll content (SPAD value), net photosynthetic rate and protect enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) were discussed. The results indicated that xylem sap of roots, nitrogen content of leaves, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), net photosynthetic rate were obvious difference of rhythm, that attenuation starting time, attenuation frequency, and attenuation quantity exhibited difference. Physiology index of different combination responded inconsistently for water shortage. Positive correlation was found between the decline rates of chlorophyll and N content in leaves and xylem sap of roots. Positive correlation was between the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll. The activities dynamic of SOD, CAT and POD were different, and the response of water shortage of different combination were different. The change dynamic of leaves nitrogen content and chlorophyll content was positively related with the activities dynamic of SOD and CAT. The change dynamic of leaves nitrogen content and chlorophyll content was negatively related with the malondialdehyde (MDA). The difference on the attenuation rhythm of physiology index of leaves and response of water shortage of different hybrid rice were genotype difference. Increase roots activities and protect enzyme activities of leaves benefit to defer attenuation of chlorophyll and nitrogen content of leaves and to keep stronger photosynthetic function.

  Genetic Analysis on Agronomic Traits in Autotetraploid Rice 2011, 27 (3):  56-59.  Abstract + ( 1288 )   PDF ( 530689KB )   ( 1271 ) Hybrids of auto-tetraploid rice were stronger biological superiority than hybrids of diploid rice. The genetic basis of the biological superiority was still unclear. Genetic model for Additive-Dominant and statistical analytic methods and parents and F1 offsprings in 4×12 incomplete diallel cross of autotetraploid rice were used to analyze the inheritance of agronomic traits in autotetraploid rice. The results indicated that agronomic traits were controlled by the main genetic effects in addition to the G×E interaction effects. Plants height and panicle length, width of flag leave, effective panicle number and length of flag leave were mainly controlled by dominant effects, additive effects and domain × environment interaction effects, respectively. Value of HN and HB for plant height, panicle length and width of flag leave were lager than those of HNE and HBE, it indicated that environment had little influenced on the select effects of plant height, panicle length and width of flag leave. Value of HN and HB for effective panicle number and length of flag leave were smaller than those of HNE. It suggested that select effects of effective panicle number and length of flag leave were different in different environments. Results of this study provided theoretical basis to the effective utilization of autotetraploid rice in breeding.

  The Preliminary Screening of Rice Blast Resistance on the Restorer Lines of High Quality Hybrid Rice 2011, 27 (3):  60-64.  Abstract + ( 1227 )   PDF ( 667328KB )   ( 1108 ) The natural identification of Shanghang Fujian to a representative of the 162 seedlings in field blast materials, leaf blast and panicle blast incidence survey, overall performance of Shanghang Fujian for the identification of resistance in more than 62 anti-material recovery system indoor seedling identification of different strains, 27 high resistance to the blast resistance of rice restorer lines with high generation of materials. Survey results showed that the seedling blast, leaf blast and panicle blast incidence rate was 3.01%, 12.42% and 26.21%, seedling blast and leaf blast, seedling blast and neck blast, leaf blast and panicle blast incidence correlation 0.69,0.67 and 0.78, respectively, have reached a significant level. Panicle blast incidence was significantly greater than the seedling blast and leaf blast and panicle blast incidence at different times higher. Grade 4-5 plague vaccine, later identified neck blast is likely to be susceptible or highly susceptible; In this study, identification of panicle blast to susceptible or highly susceptible, seedlings or leaf blast blast identified generally susceptible or high feeling. Key words: Hybrid rice restorer line rice blast resistance

  Application of Image Processing Technology in Rice Canopy Leaf Area Index 2011, 27 (3):  65-68.  Abstract + ( 1529 )   PDF ( 1411767KB )   ( 1486 ) A method of measuring rice leaf area index based on image processing technology was studied. An innovation based on features of object was presented to automatically estimate percent ground cover of rice from digital image processing technology and then obtain rice leaf area index by the model that was made between percent ground cover and LAI. The results showed that this method can estimating leaf index by measuring percent ground cover. the correlation of estimating leaf index and actual leaf index were tested ,the R was about 0.77~0.93*and correlation was remarkable or great remarkable.The results showed that this method can estimating leaf index in rice and have provided a stable and effective method for estimating canopy leaf index in rice.

  Effects of Different Nano-meter Urea Application Rate on Hybrid Rice ‘Zhongzheyou 1’ Growth and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization 2011, 27 (3):  69-75.  Abstract + ( 1361 )   PDF ( 918809KB )   ( 1139 ) In the south double season rice area, We took super middle rice ‘Zhongzheyou 1’ as the experiment material, the effect of the rice growth, yield formation and characteristics of nitrogen uptake and utilization were studied under the different nano-meter urea application rate. The results showed that: Under the different nano-meter urea application rate, the characteristics of paddy rice growth, yield formation and the nitrogen uptake and utilization were different; suitable nitrogen application rate was obviously able to promote the tiller occurrence, ear-bearing rate and the glume flower differentiation, guaranteed high LAI and leaf SPAD value, forms the strong photosynthesis productivity, finally forms more biomasses, enhances the nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of the super rice, and finally got the higher gain yield. The 225 kg/hm2 nitrogen application rate got the highest yield. The 180 kg/hm2 nitrogen application rate got the highest nitrogen utilization. Consider the Factors above the yield and economic cost and nitrogen utilization, 180 kg/hm2 nitrogen application rate is the reasonable nitrogen application rate of ‘Zhongzheyou 1’ in the double-crop rice area.

  Effect on Water, Fertilizer and Light Use Efficiency of Maize under Biological Bacterial Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer Reduction 2011, 27 (3):  76-79.  Abstract + ( 1478 )   PDF ( 571314KB )   ( 1080 ) Use single factor randomized block design method to study the effect on natural resources use efficiency of maize under different fertilization at irrigation district in Hexi corridor of Gansu province. The results showed that: combined application of biological bacterial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer reduction can significantly improve the fertilizer utilization rate and make some effect on yield components, water use efficiency and light use efficiency of maize. In the combined application of biological fertilizer conditions, the chemical fertilizer compared with the optimal fertilization levels in current. Reduction of 15% and 30%, the maize yields were 14828 kg/hm2, 13837 kg/hm2, water use efficiency were 1.75kg/m3, 1.69 kg/m3, N use efficiency was 32.20%, 31.79%, P use efficiency were 22.31%, 22.07%, light use efficiency were 0.71%, 0.68%. Combined application of biological bacterial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer reduction of 15%, the yield of maize and light use efficiency was no significant difference with the optimal fertilization levels in current. This experiment results had already prove was viable in produce practice that fertilizer reduce lower 15% compares wither optimal fertilization levels in current under the condition of combined application of biological bacterial fertilizer.

  Effect of Different Ratios of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Improving Maize Yield and Soil Physical Properties 2011, 27 (3):  80-84.  Abstract + ( 1410 )   PDF ( 603034KB )   ( 1343 ) Decline of soil fertility and shoaling of topsoil are dominant limiting factors for high yield of crop production in northeast plain. So it has practical significance to study the effect of different ratios of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on soil physic properties and maize yield. Micro-plot positioning method was used on long-term located brown soil. The results showed that combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer improved soil physic properties and increased maize yield. Compared to CK treatment without fertilizer application, applying organic fertilizers could decrease bulk density by 3.05%-9.92%, and there was a significant difference between two treatments. Organic manure plus chemical fertilizer increased yield by 1.64%-8.91% than CK treatment that applied only chemical fertilizer, and increased field-moisture capacity and capillary porosity, decreased soil bulk density, and improved soil micro-aggregate structure. Provided the carbon contents were the same, maize straw was better than pig manure, and the treatment with chemical fertilizers plus high ratio of pig manure had significant effect on improving the yield of maize.

  Studies on the Effect of Different P, K, Si Fertilizer of Corn Cold-resistant 2011, 27 (3):  85-89.  Abstract + ( 1357 )   PDF ( 616721KB )   ( 1235 ) This breakthrough was conventional only heavy use N, P, K fertilizer, through the effects of different levels of P, K, Si fertilizer in the corn seedling cryogenic environment pot experiment, again through the laboratory analysis method was preliminarily studied, identified the different fertilizer levels on the corn seedling various cold-tolerance index effects. The results showed that low temperature stress and nitrogen content, application of P fertilizer fixed, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity gradually strengthened, which could reduce the membrane permeability, increased dry matter weight. Application of K fertilizer could reduce the average rate of electrolyte, improved oozy and content of soluble sugar. And Si fertilizer could improve the chlorophyll content and reduce absolute electrolyte leakage quantity. Thus at the different content of P and K and Si fertilizer could play a role of corn cold-resistant.

  NIRS Calibration Models Predictive of Oleic, Linoleic and Palmitic Acid Content in Sun-dried Bulk Peanut Seed Samples 2011, 27 (3):  90-93.  Abstract + ( 1589 )   PDF ( 1568692KB )   ( 1382 ) Using peanut germplasm accessions of diverse origin, including large and small seeded genotypes with various seed coat colors, NIRS calibration models for sun-dried bulk samples were established for prediction of oleic, linoleic and palmitic acid contents. The optimized spectrum pretreatment method was first derivative plus vector normalization. The spectrum range, rank, R2 and RMSECV for oleic acid were 8717.1~5446.3cm-1, 9, 89.16 and 2.62; for linoleic acid, these values were 9,666~5,785.7cm-1, 9, 90.85, and 2.00; for palmitic acid, they were 8,717.1~5,446.3cm-1, 8, 79.21 and 0.525, respectively. The models may be used in peanut quality breeding programs.

  Effect of Interplanting Peanut on Metabolites and Key Enzyme Activities of Carbon-nitrogen Metabolism of Cassava 2011, 27 (3):  94-98.  Abstract + ( 1766 )   PDF ( 848863KB )   ( 1463 ) In this study, products and key enzyme activities of carbon-nitrogen metabolism of cassava leaf were investigated under the different interplanting row spacing (30, 40, 50 cm) and root system separation treatment. The results indicated that 40 cm row spacing interplanting peanut might enhance the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS) activity and the soluble sugar content of cassava. After interplanting peanut, amino acid and the soluble protein contents of cassava reduced with decreasing of the row spacing. On the contrary, nitrate reductase (NR) activity significantly increased. In the same row spacing, the amino acid, the protein content and SPS, SS, glutamine synthase (GS) activity of cassava without separating root were higher than separating root treatment, there were interaction in root system between cassava and peanut. In a word, the suitable interplanting row spacing might raise the key enzyme activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and then the promoting accumulation and the translocation of carbohydrate and the protein, so it had important significance for increasing yield and quality of cassava.

  The Effects of PP333 on Antioxidase and Protein Content in Potato Test-tube Plantlets 2011, 27 (3):  99-102.  Abstract + ( 1362 )   PDF ( 686215KB )   ( 1461 ) To study the action mechanism of PP333 on nurturing in vitro preserved strong seedling of potato test-tube plantlets and on delaying its aging, potato test-tube plantlets were used as explants, different concentrations of PP333 were added into MS culture media to determine the activity of antioxidase (CAT, POD, SOD etc.) and the dynamic physiological indices of MDA and soluble protein content. The results showed that samples treated with 0.01, 0.05 and 0.25 mg/L PP333 had an increased antioxidase (CAT, POD, SOD etc.) activity, kept a relatively low content level of MDA and their decreasing of soluble protein content was delayed. The samples treated with 1.25 mg/L PP333 had a low SOD activity and their soluble protein content was decreased significantly, though they kept a relatively high CAT and POD activities. In conclusion, low concentration of PP333 can help nurturing strong seedlings and delaying the aging of test-tube plantlets by keeping a low MDA concentration and a high antioxidase and protein level while high concentration (1.25 mg/L) of PP333 showed detrimental effects by lowering the content of protein and the activity of SOD.

  Study on Biological Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Subculture Plant for Study on Biological Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Subculture Plant for 2011, 27 (3):  103-106.  Abstract + ( 1411 )   PDF ( 606379KB )   ( 1566 ) After about 20 years of potato virus-free technology research and application, the same species of virus-free potato bred in different areas, the following generation plant showed a greater change at present. In this paper, ‘Zao Dabai’ potato cultivar that was bred from Benxi Potato Research Institute of Liaoning province(BX), Bashang Agricultural Science Academy of He Bei province(HB) and Da Xinganling Agricultural Science Academy of Heilongjiang(HLJ) province, they were used as materials for studying the epigenetic variations in biological characteristics, yield and quality of subculture plant of the virus-free seed potato. The results showed that: the subculture plant of the virus-free seed potato from HB showed the strong growth in the seeding stage, while after squaring period, there was a rapid increase in the plant height, stem width and leaf area for the subculture plant from HLJ, with a result of the delayed flowering stage and the prolonged growth period, which may conducive to the synthesis and accumulation of dry matter. Harvested after emergence 50 days, the yield and commodity rate of HB subculture had no significant difference compared with the control, while the subculture plant from HLJ was lower. Harvested after 60 days, the yield of HLJ subculture was increased by 30.26% than that of the control, but the content of soluble protein, soluble sugar, Vc and starch in potato tuber was no significant difference.

  The Study of Photosynthesis Light Response to Soil Moisture of Cassava（Manihot esculenta Crantz.cv.M.South China 8） 2011, 27 (3):  107-111.  Abstract + ( 1361 )   PDF ( 710225KB )   ( 1245 ) Abstract: In order to explore the photosynthesis light response to soil moisture of cassava South China 8 (SC8). We planted SC8 in pots with the range 20%～80% of soil relative water content (SRWC) . And measured the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) ,stomatal conductance (Gs) ,intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and several other parameters by employing LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system after planting about four weeks. The results showed that Pmax, AQY, LCPand LSP were little variation with the SRWC increased when the SRWC was more than 50%.The Pmax, AQY and LSP obviously decreased with the SRWC decreased when the SRWCwas less than 50%,but the LCP obviously increased with the SRWC decreased.The main effect on photosynthesis of SC8 both stomatal factors and non-stomatal factors. The dominant factor was stomatal when the light was low (PAR ≤ 400μmol ? m-2 ? s-1),but the non-stomatal factor was dominant factor when the light was high (PAR ≥ 600μmol ? m-2 ? s-1).The limitation function of stomatal and non- stomatal factors to photosynthesis was low SRWC rather than high SRWC.And the lower limit threshold value of appropriate SRWC for SC8’s photosynthesis probably was 50%.

  The Photosynthesis Study of Hydroponic Sweet-potato 2011, 27 (3):  112-115.  Abstract + ( 1574 )   PDF ( 655127KB )   ( 1288 ) Using LI-6400 photosynthetic analyzer to measure NFT sweet-potato, edible sweet potato Nanshu 88, dual-purpose sweet potato Xushu 18, special using of sweet potato Nanzishu 008, and using the angle hyperbolic model to fitting the photosynthesis physical parameters of three kinds of sweet potato. The results showed as following: There were differences in light response curve characteristic parameters of different types of sweet potato. It was the highest photosynthesis potential in edible type sweet potato (Nanshu 88), and appropriate high-density community superiority to reach high yield. Xushu 18 had higher adaptability to illumination and appropriate higher density community superiority to reach high yield. Nanzishu 008 photosynthetic potential and light adaptability were the weakest of weak light, the highest rate, but it was the highest rate of weak light, suitable for intercropping and under-cropping to improve high yield. There was similar change in different types of sweet potato. The influence of Gs and Tr to Pn were very significant positive correlation, Ci of sweet potato Pn of significant negative correlation effect. Stoma of Nanzishu 008 opened quickly in the lower light, and Tr increased fast, then Pn strengthen. The Gs and Ci of Nanshu 88 were biggest under high light, probable it was the reason of high Pn of Nanshu 88. Reveal the difference on optical utilizing in different types of sweet potato, and provide theoretical based on the general and specific field research of sweet-potato.

  Effects of the Transferred Resist-diseases Genes(Chi+Glu) to the Biological Characteristics of Cotton 2011, 27 (3):  116-123.  Abstract + ( 1418 )   PDF ( 647752KB )   ( 1270 ) These researches were studied in order to establish the environmental safety assessment techniques of resistant transgenic cotton in China. Test material was the cotton which was transferred the chitinase and glucanase bivalent disease-resistance gene (Chi+Glu) to, the contrast materials were receptor China Cotton Research Instituteand 24（CCRI 24） and Ganmian 11. Observed and compared the reproductive traits, yield traits, biological characteristics of above-mentioned materials. The results showed that growth periods of disease-resistance cotton were extended 11 days and 3 days respectively, compared with CCRI 24 and Ganmian 11.By least significant difference LSD test, the double disease-resistant gene (Chi+Glu) made the height of cotton grow slowly, the influence of that was significant in the seeding stage and notable in the bud stage, but the growth was faster in boll stage and the effect was significant. The bell, flower and bud growth retardation, the first fruit branch forward, and these influence were significant. While some effects were very significantly ,included that the height of the first fruiting branch reduced, ruit branch pitch widening, seed cotton and lint yield raised, the germination rate increased (upward 13%).The influence to the following traits were well, including boll weight, seed cotton weight, lint weight, Seed index, lint index, the number of sterile seeds and lint percentage. Boll shell weight, the weight of sterile seeds were worse. Some indexes of cotton fibers were also effected notablely, for example, the upper half of cotton fibers was shorter, uniformity index and micronaire were increased, elongatio and breaking strength were decreased, spinning consistency index was lower. The test conclusion showed that the effects of the Chi and Glu gene to the above biological characteristics of cotton were significant and very significant, particularly on the impact of yield traits were better significantly (seed cotton yield increased 1491.9 kg/hm2).

  Effects of Different N Strategies on Cotton under Mulch Drip Irrigation with SPAD Values and Yield 2011, 27 (3):  124-129.  Abstract + ( 1336 )   PDF ( 797513KB )   ( 1177 ) Through the cotton drip irrigation of different N strategy and nitrogen nutrient and chlorophyll value related to drip irrigation precise N technology to provide the theory basis. In the field of 2 levels N were set up, 3 amount of nitrogen topdressing proportion, 6, and compares the differences, and the output SPAD-502 chlorophyll analyzer to measure changes SPAD value and soil alkali-hydro nitrogen analysis. Results showed that: 360 kg/hm2 nitrogen can obtain 3040.5 kg/hm2 production, but three chasing nitrogen proportion strategy on small differences 240 kg/hm2, nitrogen topdressing nitrogen under 3 percentage of yield significant influence strategy, 240 kg/hm2 of nitrogen SPAD lower overall value, 3 chasing nitrogen proportion strategy in the later stage SPAD value difference was not significant, but 360 kg/hm2 of nitrogen treatment in the later stage SPAD significant value. The law requiring fertilizer cotton yield ratio of SPAD recommended and soil alkali-hydro nitrogen correlation to the highest value 0.9367 R2 level. Enough, when adjusted for nitrogen topdressing nitrogen to high proportion of little impact. For nitrogen deficiency to yield, but there must be adjusted chasing nitrogen proportion of production space. Nitrogen fertilizer according to sufficient cotton and regularity of proportion of nitrogen recommendations, can delay the cotton is green, premature senility lost high.

  Genetic Analysis of Economic Traits in Flue-cured Tobacco Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Hybrids 2011, 27 (3):  130-134.  Abstract + ( 1348 )   PDF ( 530514KB )   ( 1224 ) In order to clarity the utilization potential of flue-cured tobacco cytoplasmic male sterile line in hybrid vigor, twelve hybrids crossed among 3 cytoplasmic male sterile lines and 4 flue-cured tobacco varieties were used to determine the genetic effects in economic characters including yield, production value, average price, high class tobacco ratio, high and middle class tobacco ratio and tobacco class index. The results showed that the 6 economic traits all had high broad heritability and low narrow heritability, and mainly controlled by genetic variance in phynotypic variance. Dominant effect and interaction of dominance and environment were the main genetic effects of the 6 economic characters, and the dominant effects were distinctly larger than the additive ones. The dominant effects of economic traits in parents could highly perform in their hybrid F1. Therefore, the parents with high dominant effects in economic traits had lager utilization potential in heterosis. Genetic analysis indicated the new developed 3 cytoplasmic male sterile lines, MsYZ203-6, MsYZ216-1and MsYZ206-9, had great heterosis in economic traits.

  Effect of Application of Bio-organic fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco 2011, 27 (3):  135-138.  Abstract + ( 1442 )   PDF ( 545688KB )   ( 1374 ) Bio-organic fertilizer was utilized widely in agricultural production, in order to explore the work effect of bio-organic fertilizer application on flue-cured tobacco production; this article researched on the effect of the application of bioorganic fertilizer to the growth and development, yield and quality of FCV through field experiments. The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizer had no positive effect on the growth of tobacco plants, but it improved significantly the yield, output value, proportion of high-middle class leaves and average price. Compared to control, the yield increased 319.5~600.0 kg/hm2, the output value increased 7090~7890 yuan/hm2, the proportion of high-middle class leaves increased 4.1%~5.7%, the average price increased 1.0~1.3 yuan/kg. The application of bio-organic fertilizer improved the quality of aroma and residual taste, respectively, reduced offensive odor, smoking quality was improved significantly.

  Analysis of the Activity of Chlorophyllase and Its Gene Expression between Burley and Maryland Tobacco Varieties by Real-time Quantitative PCR 2011, 27 (3):  139-142.  Abstract + ( 1339 )   PDF ( 1266233KB )   ( 1297 ) Burley tobacco is the cholorophyll deficient mutant of Maryland tobacco. In this study, we analyzed the activities of chlorophyllase between Nicotiana tobacum. L varieties of Burley21 and Md609, and the expression of chlorophyllase gene were further detected using real-time quantitative PCR. The results indicated that the activities of chlorophyllase in Burley21 and Md609 were 31.31 nmol/(g?h) and 15.36 nmol/(g?h), respectively. The relative gene expression of Burley21 was 3.01 as compared to Md609. This indicated that the yellowing leaf phenotype of the Burley tobacco might due to the increased chlorophyllase activity as well as its gene expression.

  Study on the Floral Differentiation of Flue-cured Tobacco by Stereomicroscope 2011, 27 (3):  143-146.  Abstract + ( 1465 )   PDF ( 574373KB )   ( 1249 ) The floral bud differentiation processes on apical meristem of flue-cured tobacco induced with low temperature were observed by stereomicroscope. The results showed that this method was simpler and faster than that of scanning electron microscope and paraffin section. It revealed that the stereomicroscope is more superior in showing the spatial characteristics of meristem than that of the scanning electronic microscope method, and the image is more complete. It also validated the uniqueness of the inflorescence initiation of flue-cured tobacco lateral shoot which was observed by scanning electron microscope, and this uniqueness could not be captured or found by paraffin section.

  Effect of soil character on nitrogen mineralization of tobacco soil 2011, 27 (3):  147-153.  Abstract + ( 1514 )   PDF ( 718045KB )   ( 1183 ) The effect of soil character on nitrogen mineralization of the tobacco soil by pot culture in greenhouse. The results showed that the nitrogen mineralization accumulation is remarkably different between the different soil types and the different tobacco grows stages. And the nitrogen mineralization rate are divided into three types during the tobacco growth stages: the from high to low type、from high to high type and from low to high type, there are clay and sandy soil in the from high to low type, which is benefical to form the quality of tobacco; But when the nitrogen mineralization rate from low to high, which is extremely harmful to the tobacco quality formation. It is second significant correlation between the nitrogen mineralization accumulation and the soil grain composition, especially to the coarse sand (1-0.25mm) and the clay soil (<0.001mm) during the tobacco growth stage. It is better to the tobacco fields and quality formation when the soil composition with fine clay (<0.001mm) under 37.0%、coarse silt(0.05～0.01mm) composition with 5.5% to 16.3%、coarse sand (1～0.25mm) with below 8.5%.

  Effect of Irrigating Winter Wheat with Anaerobic Digested Swine Farm Wastewater (ADSFW) on Soil Quality 2011, 27 (3):  154-158.  Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 660259KB )   ( 1265 ) The objective of this study is to determine the effect of using anaerobic effluent of swine farm wastewater for winter wheat irrigation on soil contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper, zinc etc. A field plot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of irrigating winter wheat with anaerobic digested swine farm wastewater (ADSFW) on soil quality and ecological safety. The results showed that the organic matter content of the surface soil of the ADSFW irrigation treatment increased up to 3.0 kg/hm2, and total nitrogen content increased by 65%, while pH down 0.4, and copper, zinc, lead and cadmium content all met the requirements of NY/T 851-2004. These results only indicated the use of ADSFW in field irrigation would not result in the short term decline in soil quality and cause soil pollution, and the impact of long term irrigation needed further research to determine.

  Studies on the Transplanting of In vitro Plantlets of Tetraploid Ziziphus acidojujuba 2011, 27 (3):  159-163.  Abstract + ( 1295 )   PDF ( 588879KB )   ( 1152 ) The survival rate and growth status of transplanting in vitro plantlets with roots of tetraploid Ziziphus acidojujuba were investigated under different conditions, including training days, medium, air relative humidity, plant height, root quantity and transplanting time. The results showed transplant should be carried out from the end of April to June. After 3 days training cultivation, plantlets with 7 or more roots and the height of over 5 cm were transplanted in vermiculite, perlite and soil (1:1) or vermiculite and soil (1:1). The air relative humidity was kept over 90% during the early stage of transplanting. The survival rate would be more than 70%.

  Effect of Chemical Treatments on Sex Expression of Ricinus communis 2011, 27 (3):  164-169.  Abstract + ( 1504 )   PDF ( 4157737KB )   ( 1288 ) In order to identify the effects of chemicals at different concentration on Ricinus communis sex expression, androgynous gender lines(E09004、E09009 and E09002) and pistillate lines (E09002) were used as the materials, and their percentages of female flowers were analyzed after spraying chemical(GA3, NAA, Eth, 6-BA and AgNO3) at different concentration, results showed that: GA3 on 100 mg/L level could promote the formation of female flowers, and the female flower percentages were increased comparing to the control, while GA3 at 250 mg/L was beneficial to the differentiation of male flowers, and the rates of female flowers were decline; after spraying NAA, the female flower percentage was enhanced, and 6-BA exhibited the same effect, moreover, some pistillate plants were discovered after spraying a certain concentration of 6-BA or NAA; Ethylene could induce the differentiation of male flower bud, the androgynous gender lines could be masculinized when spraying Eth at an optimal concentration; AgNO3 had the obvious effect on promoting the male flower formation, after spraying AgNO3, the male flower percentage of androgynous ?gender lines was increased and a few male flowers appeared on some pistillate lines; furthermore, some special materials such as male plant, pistillate plant were obtained. The result and special materials in this study offer the reference for sex reversion induction, reproduction of pistillate lines and the research of sex differentiation in Ricinus communis.

  Establishment and optimization of RAPD reaction system of Cordyceps Sinensis 2011, 27 (3):  170-173.  Abstract + ( 1193 )   PDF ( 990836KB )   ( 1073 ) To establish RAPD reaction system of Cordyceps sinensis. Through changing the density of Mg2+, dNTP, primer, template DNA in RAPD reaction system, with the result of RAPD amplify, established the RAPD reaction system of Cordyceps sinensis. Then through changing the main thermal cycle parameter, optimize RAPD reaction system of Cordyceps sinensis. The results showed that an RAPD reaction system suitable for Cordyceps sinensis was established, that was: 20 μL amplification containing 1×PCR buffer, 1.5 μmol/μL Mg2+, 320 μmol/L dNTP, 24 ng premer、20 ng template DNA、1 U Taq DNA polymerase. The optimization result of amplifying the procedure was that: pre-Modified 5 min at 95℃, and then circulated 35 times (denatured 45 s at 94℃, renatured 1 min at 36℃, elongated 2 min at 72℃), and then elongated 2 min at 72℃ after the cycle. The RAPD reaction system can be used to RAPD analysis in Cordyceps sinensis.

  Effects of Different Amount of Chemical Fertilizer Usage under Ploughing down Milk Vetch on the Yield and the Dynamics of Soil Nutrients in Rice Filed 2011, 27 (3):  174-178.  Abstract + ( 1358 )   PDF ( 733412KB )   ( 1135 ) The effects of different amount chemical fertilizer usage under ploughing down milk vetch on nutrients status in rice filed and the accumulated absorption of N, P, K in rice was studied. The influence of rice yield was analyzed too. The results showed that different chemical fertilizer amount under ploughing down milk vetch could increase the content of available N and K of soil after the peak of tillering season, and offer more N, K nutrients for rice growth and development than those of the treatment only applying chemical fertilizer during the late growing season. At the maturing stage, the accumulated absorption of N, K was higher in rice with different chemical fertilizer amount under ploughing down milk vetch than that of the treatment only applying chemical fertilizer. Ploughing down milk vetch was benefit to the formation of rice seed. Ploughing down 22500 kg/hm2 milk vetch with N 132 kg/hm2、P2O5 90 kg/hm2、K2O 90 kg/hm2 (80% of conventional dosage) was the best for rice yield. The yield could reach to 9424.5 kg/hm2, remarkably increased by 5.19% compared to the treatment just applying chemical fertilizer. Ploughing down milk vetch could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 20% without the rice yield loss. Milk vetch as a kind of green manure crops of rice filed could increase the rice yield, reduce input, save energy and reduce emissions.

  Effects of Different Cultivation Regimes on GrainYield and Qualityin Japonica Giant Embryo Rice 2011, 27 (3):  179-183.  Abstract + ( 1184 )   PDF ( 699957KB )   ( 1163 ) The experiment studied the three different cultivation regimes of submerged irrigation, dry cultivation and ridge cultivation used the Japonica Xi-giant embryo-1 as experimental material, conventional japonica rice Hexi-22-2 as control. The grain yield and quality of Japonica Giant Embryo rice were studied under three different cultivation regimes. The results indicated that the significantly promoted effective panicles and spikelets per panicle were greatly influenced by cultivation regimes, which were correlated with yield, so the grain yield of the ridge cultivation was higher than that of the submerged irrigation and dry cultivation. The influence of different cultivation regimes to rice appearance, brown rice rate, protein content and amaylose content of Japonica Giant Embryo rice were not obvious, but to the percentage of chalky grain and chalkiness area of Japonica Giant Embryo rice were obvious. Therefore, ridge cultivation was the most beneficial cultivation regime to obtain the highest grain yield and the greatest income.

  Sowing depth and waterlogging time after wheat sowing affect on germination rate and seedling quality before winter 2011, 27 (3):  189-194.  Abstract + ( 1648 )   PDF ( 668111KB )   ( 1269 ) To explore sowing depth and waterlogging time after wheat sowing how to affect germination rate and seedling strong levels before winter, four different types of species have been studied under controlled conditions. Results showed that: water logging for 1-4 days after sowing can led to the average germination rate of five different sowing depths of TN18 decreased by 22.43%, winter dry matter decreased by 21.56%; JM20 decreased by 23.43% and 18.46%; SN8355 decreased by 9.66% and 19.86%; LM14 decreased by 6.21% and 23.20%; the effects of waterlogging on TN18 and JM20 are significantly lower than that on the SN8355 and LM14. Waterlogging can reduce 3cm soil temperature by 0.47℃, 5cm soil temperature by 1.15℃.. when the waterlogging time is equal , with the increase of sowing depth, waterlogging influence germination rate and seedling quality more and more strongly ；when sowing depth is the same, with the increase of waterlogging time, the influence of waterlogging increase. when the sowing depth is in the range from 2cm to 6cm, shallow sowing can make germination rate and seedling quality higher, and reduce the effect on waterlogging, so shallow sowing is one of effective measures to treat waterlogging in waterlogging areas. However, shallow sowing makes the tillering node basically in 2cm,not conducive to resistance freezing and drought, so the results are only suitable for waterlogging areas.

  Discussion and Analysis on High-yield Farmland Sustainability of Wheat/Corn Double Cropping in Shandong Province 2011, 27 (3):  195-199.  Abstract + ( 1326 )   PDF ( 603146KB )   ( 1442 ) Wheat/Corn Double Cropping System is the main farming system in Shandong Province, which plays an important role in grain production in Shandong Province. By using field experimental data, theoretical analysis and empirical research, macro and micro analysis of the combination of methods, this paper systematically analyzed the major limiting factors impacting wheat-corn potential productivity, and provided the corresponding improvement measures. The results showed that in the production of wheat and corn double cropping system, there were many constraints, such as imperfect supporting of fine seed and fine method, poor quality sowing, unreasonable fertilization, serious diseases and so on. Therefore, the further improvement of technology content in the production of maize and wheat cropping system could fully excavate the annual grain yield potential, and achieve wheat-corn sustainable high yield. This would had the very important significance for improving grain comprehensive production capacity, ensuring food security, promoting economic and social development and so on in Shandong Province.

  Effects of Paclobutrazol on development and Physiological Properties of Sweet Sorghum 2011, 27 (3):  200-204.  Abstract + ( 1638 )   PDF ( 752374KB )   ( 880 ) To understand the effects of Paclobutrazol on development and Physiological properties of Sweet Sorghum,different concentration Paclobutrazol was sprayed on leaves in elongation stage of Sweet Sorghum. Results showed that Paclobutrazol treatment significantly increased content of soluble sugars，chlorophyll and soluble protein ,and sucrose synthase activities , stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate were enhanced obviously , but plant height and stem length of Sweet Sorghum were curtailed. As a result，lodging resistance and stem output of Sweet Sorghum were improved. Among all the treatments，the optimum Paclobutrazol concentration for controling growth of Sweet Sorghum was shown to be 0.75g?L-1.

  Application of Anther Medium Pollen in Hybrid Seed Production of Tobacco 2011, 27 (3):  205-208.  Abstract + ( 1349 )   PDF ( 604928KB )   ( 1024 ) In order to save the application amount of pure pollen and reduce seed production costs, the effects of artificial pollination using anther medium pollen on the fruit setting percentage and seed quality of MS Yunyan 85, MS Yunyan 87 and MSK326 were investigated. Pure pollen from Yunyan 85, Yunyan 87 and K326 diluted with its anther powder at the proportion of 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3(pollen:anther powder v/v) respectively, using pure pollen as control. The results showed that the effects of artificial pollination of anther medium pollen (2:1, pollen:anther powder v/v) was better than other treatments for MS Yunyan 85, MS Yunyan 87 and MSK326, fruit setting percentage, seed number per capsule, 1000-seed weight, germination energy, germination percentage, germination index, average germination time and yield per plant were no significant difference compared to the control, the application amount of pure pollen was decreased by 33.33%. The results indicated that the suitable proportion of anther medium pollen could be used in tobacco seed multiplication, could save the application amount of pure pollen and reduce seed production costs.

  Soil Suitability of Nicotiana tabacum in Meizhou 2011, 27 (3):  209-214.  Abstract + ( 1454 )   PDF ( 2744142KB )   ( 971 ) The soil environment and related factors had a special effect on the quality of the tobacco. Eco-suitability of tobacco was evaluated in this paper from the perspective of soil ecological factors. Indicators of evaluation were selected from Ecocrop 1 database, ecological characteristics of soil in the city were analysed by GIS spatial analysis technology in the GIS platform. Tobacco suitability region was explored. The results showed that the actual planting tobacco counties of Meizhou, Guangdong Province and the evaluation results were in line, while results in this paper were good guide for new tobacco-growing region.

  Isolation of Cellulose Bacteria Producing Hydrogen and the Study of Straw Pretreatments 2011, 27 (3):  215-220.  Abstract + ( 1339 )   PDF ( 1521849KB )   ( 1034 ) In order to strengthen the effect of degradating straw and turn straw to hydrogen, the author used a modified Hungate anaerobic roll tube method and the disintegration of filter paper method, found a strain which could have better hydrogen production by degradating cellulose, and used 6 kinds of method pretreatments, such as hydrothermal method, the vapor on straw stem exploding and so on to treat straw. The author found a bacterium JYB-13 from already getting strains JYB, JYB-13 could produce hydrogen using amount of carbon sources. Its optimum conditions for hydrogen production temperature of 35℃, pH value of 8.5. Using 6 kinds of method pretreatments, by the effect of producing hydrogen, it was concluded that the strain in 2% sulfuric acid treated straw degradation was the best. After fermentation, the degradation rate of straw was 53.1%, the hydrogen content reached 37.2%. Around the analysis of the composition of straw obtained before and after fermentation, JYB-13 could good use of cellulose and hemicellulose better, and few used lignin.

  Study on Characteristics of Production and Quality of Peanut in Yungui Plateau 2011, 27 (3):  221-225.  Abstract + ( 1235 )   PDF ( 1465484KB )   ( 1186 ) In order to guide and deepen the regional division of peanut production in Yungui Plateau , use of agricultural resources reasonably and efficiently and provide the theoretical basis for improving the quality of peanut products, the characteristics of production and quality of peanut in Yungui Plateau were studied based on GIS technology and the methods of mathematical statistics. The result showed that peanut planting in the Yungui Plateau is mainly distributed in the hilly areas bellow 1600 meters, the dam areas and the valley basins which belong to the valley of Nanpan river, Jinsha river, Nu river, Wu river and Qingshui river. In the peanut production there were some problems such as the single planting species of peanut, serious degradation of species characteristics, management extensive, low unit yield and weak of peanut processing. Influenced by ecological conditions, the qualities of peanut belong to the region in which the peanut had the medium protein content in consumption and low fat content in oil, furthermore the O/L of the peanut was relatively high. In the spatial distribution, the protein content and fat content of peanut was higher in the east and in the north-west of the region, and he O/L of the peanut increased from east to west to east and was the same trend form north to south. Meanwhile the peanut quality was related to the elevation, and the value of the quality indexes decreased with the increasing altitude. The peanut qualities have affected by large vertical terrain elevations and stereoscopic climate

  Development of plant QTL analysis Yang Shaohua 2011, 27 (3):  226-231.  Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 550484KB )   ( 2055 ) Abstract: With the development of molecular biology and genomics, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis for crop has made great progress in the past few years. The traits that been analyze are developing from visible traits to gene expression and from the traits of a fixed stage to that of all development stages. Other remarkable progresses include the cloning and molecular mechanism analyzing of QTL for some important agronomic traits in crops such as tomato, rice and wheat. This presentation reviewed the statues and trends in QTL research of crops and analyzed the fine mapping strategy in emphasis.

  The Progress of Molecular Mechanisms of Photorespiration in Plants 2011, 27 (3):  232-236.  Abstract + ( 1272 )   PDF ( 660450KB )   ( 1616 ) Photorespiration is known as the light-dependent absorption of the O2 and release of CO2 response by plant green cells, whose strength is an important factor affect the level of the photosynthetic efficiency of C3 and C4 plants. The study of the molecular mechanism of photorespiration is one of the hot-topics of research on photosynthesis. In the article, the research on photorespiratory metabolic pathways, the expression and regulation of photorespiratory genes and the progress of screen of photorespiration mutants were summarized. The biological function of photorespiration was discussed and the prospect of photorespiration was also provided.

  The Advance of Plant Somatic Embryogenesis and Development 2011, 27 (3):  237-241.  Abstract + ( 1392 )   PDF ( 579474KB )   ( 1733 ) Plant somatic embryogenesis is a common phenomenon and has wide application prospects and potential economic value. Great progress has been made in plant somatic embryogenesis recently, but many problems are still unsolved. Based on the related reports and literature of recent years, the research results on factors affecting of plant somatic embryogenesis were summarized. It is including outer factors, such as plant hormones, light quality, carbon source, osmotic pressure and culture conditions; interior factors, such as genotype and physiological state. This can provide references for the researches on somatic embryo induction.

  Research Advances on Mechanism of Biological Control and Application 2011, 27 (3):  242-246.  Abstract + ( 1274 )   PDF ( 556103KB )   ( 1638 ) Abstract：Trichoderma spp. as a hot spot in bio-control fungi research displays multiple hypotheses in its bio-control mechanism. In this paper we concluded Trichoderma spp. bio-control mechanism from five aspects and elaborated its current application.

  Study on Occurence and Chemical Control of Sclerotinia fuck sp. in Zephyranthes candida in Three Gorges Reservoir 2011, 27 (3):  247-250.  Abstract + ( 1378 )   PDF ( 1130391KB )   ( 927 ) Sclerotinia fuck sp. is a new disease on Zephyranthes candida. It has brought increasingly serious harm in three gorges reservoir recently. The cycle of infection and state of harm were investigated basically. The pathogeny and part of host range were determined by indoor isolated culture and inoculation tests. Indoor toxicity tests were made by four reagents. The results indicated that the effect of 55% pyrimidine mildew amine and carbendazim mixing agent on sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Zephyranthes candida was best. The effect better than 55% dimethachlon, 25% thiram-procymidone wettable powders and 8.50% iprodione Procymidone wettable powders oberviously. The result of this research provided the important basis for the effective prevention and controls the diseases.

  The Status and Countermeasures of Farm Animal Welfare 2011, 27 (3):  251-256.  Abstract + ( 1217 )   PDF ( 578611KB )   ( 1075 ) Abstract: Bad farm animal welfare has become one of the most important constraints for sustainable livestock. The basic, long-sighted and emergent work of animal welfare and the status of swine welfare were summarized in this paper. Moreover, some countermeasures were put forward to improve swine welfare. Key words: farm animal; welfare; swine

  The Research Development of Production and Application of Phytase 2011, 27 (3):  257-261.  Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 558107KB )   ( 1581 ) The phytase can be used to degrade the phytate in the feedstuffs and release inorganic phosphate. It is important to increase the availability of phosphate, improve the absorption of the mineral nutrition in feedstuffs by monogastric animals and decrease the environmental phosphate pollution. The phytase can be also used as food additives, promote the absorption of minerals in human body. The phytate degradation product IP3 also has broad physiological functions in medical field. In order to embody the research significance and application value of phytase, this study reviewed phytase production from microorganism, transgenic plant and transgenic animals. The problems exited in the production of phytase were analyzed, and the prospect of phytase was also discussed.

  Studies on Differential Display of Melatonin Receptor in Ovary of Gray Goat and Black Goat in Oestrus Stage 2011, 27 (3):  262-267.  Abstract + ( 1318 )   PDF ( 1547138KB )   ( 1217 ) Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】In order to clarify the mechanisms of melatonin affected goat reproduction traits, and compared the different expressed amount of melatonin receptors (MTR1A) in ovary tissues between Jining Grey Goat with high superfoetation and Yimeng Black Goat with single birth.【METHOD】Real-time fluorescent quantitate differential display PCR technique were used to detected the expressed amount of melatonin receptors (MTR1A) in ovary tissure of Jining Gray Goat and Yimeng Black Goat in oestrus stage, while GAPDH internal standards were used as control. 【RESULTS】The results showed that MTR1A mRNA were expressed in ovary tissue of both goats, and the expressed amount of MTR1A mRNA was lower at Jining Gray Goat ovary than that of it at Yimeng Black Goat ovarys. CONCLUSION】The results suggest that MTR1A mRNA are expressed in both goat ovary obviously, the differential expression of MTR1A may affect the development, maturity and ovulating of goat ovary. This provided the molecular genetic data to clarity the mechanism of MTR1A action at goat reproduction.

  Effects of Protein Concentrations of Milk Replacers on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestion and Metabolism in Early Weaned Lambs 2011, 27 (3):  268-274.  Abstract + ( 1272 )   PDF ( 662438KB )   ( 1158 ) This trial was conducted to study the effects of milk replacers with different protein concentrations on the intake of starter feeds, growth performance and nutriment digestion in early weaned lambs. Thirty six crossbred F1 lambs (Dorset×Thin-tailed Han sheep) were randomLy divided into 4 groups. A group of lambs suckling their ewe’s milk was used as control, the others were fed with three milk replacers containing 21%, 25% or 29% of protein, respectively. The body weight and size were measured on d 20, 40, 60, 80 and 90 after birth. Two digestion trials were undertaken during d 50-60 and 80-90 after birth. The milk replacers promoted the lambs to ingest the starter feeds earlier, and the intake of the starter feeds was decreased (P ＜0.05) as the protein level of milk replacers increased. The weight gains of lambs receiving three milk replacers containing 21%, 25% or 29% protein were 14.1, 14.6, 13.9 kg, respectively. Compared with control group, the weight gains of the latter groups above were increased by 7.6%, 11.5% or 6.1%, respectively (P ＞0.05). The tendency of body size changes was the same as body weight gains. The milk replacer containing 25% protein was the best. The crude protein level had no significant effects on the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, calcium or phosphorus (P ＞0.05). The nitrogen retention was 73.5% for 29% protein group, which was significantly lower (P ＜0.05) than that of 21% protein (77.2%) and 25% protein (77.6%) groups during d 80-90. Conclusion: the intake of starter feeds was decreased with the increasing protein levels of the milk replacers. The growth performance and nutriment digestion in the lambs given the milk replacer of 25% protein were better than the others.

  Fattening Effects of Lambs from Different Cross Combinations 2011, 27 (3):  275-278.  Abstract + ( 1528 )   PDF ( 585653KB )   ( 1167 ) Abstract : 【OBJECTIVE】In order to find the best cross combination of sheep and Production System of lamb for Shenmu county，【METHOD】300 lamb from 6 Cross Combination, including Poll dorset♂×Fine wool sheep ♀(PF), German mutton merino♂ ×Fine wool sheep ♀(GS), Suffolk♂× Poll dorset♂×Fine wool sheep ♀(SPF), Texel♂×Poll dorset♂×Fine wool sheep ♀(TPF), Suffolk♂×German mutton merino♂×Fne wool sheep ♀(SGF)and Texel♂×German mutton merino♂×Fine wool sheep ♀(TGF), were compared on fattening effect. All of age-group lambs were kept in same indoor feeding condition. 【RESULTS】The results showed that the daily gain, feed conversion efficiency of three-way crosses were higher significantly than that of two-way crosses（p<0.01. The daily gain of SPF was the highest. The dressing percentage and net mutton rate of TPF were the highest, but there was no significant difference between PF, SPF, SGF, TGF and this combination. 【CONCLUSION】Thus, the effects of three-way crosses were better and Suffolk was of more superiority as terminal paternal of crossbred sheep.

  A Study on the Total Quantity Control of Regional Livestock Rising: based on the N/P Capacity of Land 2011, 27 (3):  279-284.  Abstract + ( 1302 )   PDF ( 691828KB )   ( 1393 ) Livestock feces have become a huge threat to China's water quality. Based on four conditions, the difficulty to reduce the feces emission by livestock, the limit effect on N/P removal of the current manure treatment technologies, the high cost to transport the feces, and the limit N/P capacity of the land, the total quantity control of regional livestock rising was proposed theoretically. Then, the permitted amounts of livestock in China and the provinces were calculated according to the arable land, and compared with the actual amounts. It was shown that, in 2007, based on N (P), the permitted amount of livestock in China was 2.50 (6.44) billion standard pigs which was used by 64.39% (100.20%) and there were 5 (17) provinces where the actual amounts were over the permitted amounts. It was concluded that it was urgent to control the amount of rising livestock in some provinces and special areas.

  Livestock and Poultry Breed Aquatics in Rural Areas and Soil Heavy Metal Pollutions 2011, 27 (3):  285-288.  Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 586512KB )   ( 1686 ) The countryside poultry cultivation produces in the excrement heavy metal to be day by day serious to the soil pollution, posed the enormous threat to the countryside ecological environment and the general countryside resident's health. But the present, this aspect's research are also very few, the article introduced in the excrement to the countryside poultry cultivation the heavy metal source, the migration path as well as the processing measure had conducted the systematic research and the summary. To arouse the government and the importance of the issue of environmental protection departments to enhance the countryside poultry feed production process strict supervision, improve the farmers, especially in retail management and guidance. In this respect, the research direction and method were discussed.

  Changes of Maturity Indexes during the Chicken Manure Composting 2011, 27 (3):  289-292.  Abstract + ( 1409 )   PDF ( 738771KB )   ( 1481 ) In the research, chicken manure and wheat straw used as material, high-temperature aerobic composting were carried on. Changes of physical-chemical index of ambient temperature、pH、C/N were studied to provide a scientific basis and technology guideness for rapid ultilizating agricultural waste resources.Results showed: ambient reached the highest temperature 60℃when C/N=30,the high temperature can sustained 11d,pH increased then decreased during the composting. At the end of composting,C/N=16.4, the content of NH4+-N reduced 74.2% comparing with the highest,HR increased 58.8% and humic acid increased 107% comparing with the lowest, fulvic acid decreased 47.1% comparing with the pre-compostion.

  Exploration of the Internal Production Structure of Animal Husbandry in Hubei Province and Prediction of Its Output 2011, 27 (3):  293-297.  Abstract + ( 1140 )   PDF ( 742563KB )   ( 1076 ) Abstract: To fully understand the developmental actuality of animal husbandry in Hubei Province, and promote its faster and better development. This paper used the hierarchical clustering method to analyze the structure of animal products and animal species in Hubei Province while starts the theoretical study, and used the gray system to predict the total output value of animal husbandry in 2009-2012 in Hubei Province. The results show that animal husbandry in Hubei Province mainly breeds pigs, poultry, beef cattle and sheep, and keeps horses, donkeys, mules and other livestock species, and also output a small amount of wool, silk cocoons and honey products and so on, with great development potential, and the output is in the steadily increasing trend. Recommending to optimize the internal production structure of animal husbandry in the province, and to implement an integration of the production, processing, circulation, to accelerate the pace of development of animal husbandry.

  The Productivity and Carrying Capacity of Roughage for Herbivorous Livestock in Hebei Province 2011, 27 (3):  298-302.  Abstract + ( 1539 )   PDF ( 566019KB )   ( 1145 ) Based on statistical data of Hebei Province in 2008 and digital data in related literature,the amount of herbivorous livestock in Hebei Province was calculated.And the carrying capacity of roughage for herbivorous livestock in Hebei province was estimated on the basis of the output of the natural grassland,the artificial grassland,the crop straw, the silage maize, the idle farmland,and tree leaf,et.al. The total supply of crude feed can meet the needs of herbivorous livestock.But,the main factor that limited the health development of animal husbandry and herbivorous livestock industry was the lack of high quality forage. The development of high yield, high quality and high benefit of artificial forage will be the focus in the forage industry in Hebei province.

  Effects of Lead on Seed Germination and Growth of Alfalfa 2011, 27 (3):  303-306.  Abstract + ( 1483 )   PDF ( 619705KB )   ( 1156 ) Effects of lead on alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.） seed germination and growth were studied by cultivating experiment. The results showed that the effects of lead on the germination rate of seeds and germination energy were not significant when Pb2+ concentration ranged from 0 to 100 mg/kg. The general trend of seeds germination rate and germinating energy showed slight decrease at first and then gradually recovered. It indicated that alfalfa seed had certain extent patience for lead. The treatments with different Pb2+ concentrations could inhibit the growth of bugs and roots significantly, and had stronger inhibition on root than that of plumule. When Pb2+ concentration was over 250 mg/kg, the index of seed vigor was decreased, and it inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa evidently.

  Analysis on Hen Industrial Upgrade Based on SWOT Model－Take Hebei Province as an Example 2011, 27 (3):  307-310.  Abstract + ( 1417 )   PDF ( 588542KB )   ( 1512 ) Abstract： Take Hebei Province as an example, this paper analyzes the present development of laying hen industry and the chances, problems, advantages and disadvantages in laying hen industrial upgrade by adopting SWOT model, and on this basis the strategic measures to improve the laying hen industry are put forward as well.

  Bionomics of Bombus Ignitus Smith in Maijishan Scenic Spot of Gansu Province 2011, 27 (3):  311-316.  Abstract + ( 1314 )   PDF ( 847364KB )   ( 1060 ) Bombus ignitus Smith is one of the main pollinators for mountain flowers in south-east of Gansu Province. The survey from 2007 to 2010 in the Maijishan scenic spots of Gansu Province indicated that the highest abundance of B. ignitus for the region was in Shimenshan, Xianrenya and Jingtusi. B. ignitus had one generation a year in nature in the region. Queens emerged from the hibernation in middle March, the first batch of workers emerged in early May, drones and young queens emerged mainly from early July to late August, the colonies would decline in the early fall, the mated progeny queens put themselves at hibernation in the late October for another life cycle. The bumblebee food-plant records from the region included 59 plant species, belonging to 17 families, the most important food plants were different between the seasons. Rearing trials showed that B. ignitus had large colonies, with more than 140 workers, 360 drones and 30 young queens produced per colony. Success in rearing colonies from queens was over 60%, demonstrating that the species had the potential to be mass-reared with important applied value for crop pollination in greenhouses.

  Study on Recent Advances in Immunobiology of Avain Coccidiosis 2011, 27 (3):  317-320.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 542396KB )   ( 1038 ) Abstract：Coccidiosis is recognized that has the greatest economic impact on poultry production. Long-term prevention and treatment of this disease depends on the drugs, but because of the frequent drug-resistant insect strains, drug residue, the high cost of research and development of new drugs, the existence of a long cycle and so on, using immunological methods to control coccidiosis received increasing attention, and is expected to become a major technological means. The applications of the humoral and cellular immunity and so on, about the immunogenicity of coccidia were reviewed, and the future research of coccidia in immunology were also discussed．

  Research Progress on Nursing Sickness in Mink 2011, 27 (3):  321-324.  Abstract + ( 1117 )   PDF ( 555548KB )   ( 1017 ) Abstract: Literatures on epidemiology and clinical symptoms of nursing sickness in the farmed female mink (Mustela vison) were reviewed. Nursing sickness is the result of an unknown complex of female age, litter size, weight loss, body condition, reproductive performance, insulin resistance, nutritional, and stress factors. The underlying cause of nursing sickness may be the insulin resistance. It is recommended that mink breeder females be kept in moderate body condition during fall and winter. A dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and NaCl supplement during the lactation period may be benefit. Low protein, high carbohydrate diets are also helpful to prevent the development and help in the management of nursing sickness.

  Effects of Immunological Stress on Amino acid digestibility in Deferent Breeds of Piglets 2011, 27 (3):  325-328.  Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 658822KB )   ( 1041 ) The study was conducted to establish an immunological stress model through intraperitoneal injecting with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to explore the effects of an immunological stress on amino acid digestibility in different breeds of pig. 18 pigs were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulae at the distal ileum which used to determine the amino acids apparent digestibility after 14d. The result indicated that the immunological stress depressed apparent digestibility of 16 amino acids except CYS and HIS in different breeds of pig（P < 0.01）（P < 0.05）. The extent of change about total amino acids apparent digestibility , Yorkshire was higher than Laiwu pig and Lulai pig（P < 0.05）.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Growth Hormone Gene from Dezhou Donkey 2011, 27 (3):  329-332.  Abstract + ( 1469 )   PDF ( 604685KB )   ( 1126 ) Abstract：【OBJECTIVE】To study the growth hormone gene polymorphism and its affect to growth and development of Dezhou donkey, ;【METHOD】The PCR primers were designed online according to result of comparisoning gene homology, then Dezhou donkey GH gene DNA sequence were cloned by PCR, and analysis of the GH gene and its presumption of cDNA, amino acid sequences by bioinformatics method. 【RESULTS】The results showed, the GH gene with 1928bp consist of the full length of 5 exons and 4 introns.The comparison of DNA sequence of the GH gene were 98.8 %, 98.2%,79.4%,68.3%,70.9% and 68.3% by homologous comparison among Dezhou donkey and other four species (Debao horse 67, Mongolian horse,pig , Cattle,sheep and human),and that were 99.5%,98.6 %,97.2% ,89.8%,88.9% and 68.4% in amino acid sequences. 【CONCLUSION】The results showed that the GH gene was conservative in the process of evolution.

  Relationship between Body Mass Index and Semen Quality and Serum Reproductive of Boer Bucks 2011, 27 (3):  333-336.  Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 591178KB )   ( 896 ) [Objective]In order to obtain a scientific feeding mode and a rational selecting method to Boer bucks.[Method] Semen qualialty of 24 Boer bucks at age of 2-3 year old and their reproductive hormone level were been evaluated. [Result] The ejaculate volume of bucks at BMI<60kg/m2 (groupⅠ) was lower, it was only 0.79±0.03 ml. The index value from bucks at BMI>80kg/m2 (group Ⅲ) was the most（1.02±0.07 ml）, but their sperm density and sperm motility were lower. The middle ejaculate volume(0.95±0.12 ml）was from groupⅡ, their sperm density was 28.32±4.08 billion /ml, it was higher obviously than that of groupⅠ（31.93b±2.06 billion /ml）and group Ⅲ(25.96a±3.23 billion /ml）（P<0.05, meanwhile, there were higher sperm motility and lower abnormal sperm morphology in group Ⅱ.The serum T，E2 and FSH levels of backs at pooler condition (group Ⅰ)were lower. The ejaculate volume was affected by the three indexes. In summary, it was important for bucks to keep a good condition.

  Evolution Analysis of the Matrix (M) Protein Genes of H9N2 Chicken Influenza Viruses Isolated in Shandong in 2009 and the Pathgenicity to Mammal 2011, 27 (3):  337-341.  Abstract + ( 1531 )   PDF ( 749312KB )   ( 1010 ) The Matrix (M) genes of 6 H9N2 subtype avian Influenza Viruses (AIVs)which isolated from chickens in Shandong in 2009 , were sequenced and molecular evolutionarily analyzed in this study.Homology of nucleotide sequences in the M gene of 6 isolates was 95.1–99.4%. The identity among the M1 protein was 97.6–99.6% while the M2 protein was 95.1–100%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the tested M genes belong to the A/Quail/Hong- Kong/G1/97 (G1)-like lineage. An analysis of the viral amino acid sequence of M2 protein has revealed substitution of S31N in two isolates, which is the molecular characterization of amantadine resistance in AIVs. The BALB/c mice aged 6 weeks with 106 EID50 H9N2, lost weight progressively, and some died within 7 days of infection. Results of this study suggest that long-term monitoring should be continued to track the transmission and evolution of H9N2 AIVs in chickens in China.

  Development of RT-PCR for Rapid Detection of Infectious Bronchitis Virus 2011, 27 (3):  342-346.  Abstract + ( 1336 )   PDF ( 1229670KB )   ( 1110 ) A pair of primers was designed according to a conserved region of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) N gene （FJ767920）, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for rapid detection of IBV was developed by optimizing amplification conditions such as concentrations of primers for RT-PCR. A 318 bp fragment was amplified from IBV M41 strain and Nephropathogenic IBV HN99 strain, respectively, but not from infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Newcastle disease virus and Mareks disease virus. This amplified fragment was cloned into pGEM T-Easy vector and sequenced. The result showed this amplified fragment is specific for IBV cDNA. This method could detect the template cDNA of 0.6 pg for IBV. Clinical detection of IBV by RT-PCR showed that this improved RT-PCR approach could be a fast, simple and specific detection method for IBV.

  Study on the Effect of Chinese Herb Complex on Chicken Newcastle Disease Vaccine Immunity 2011, 27 (3):  347-351.  Abstract + ( 1261 )   PDF ( 603284KB )   ( 992 ) A total of 210 one day-old broilers were randomly divided into 7groups with 30 each group.All the trial groups were fed 0.2 g Chinese herb complex with 1 kg weight. ⅠⅡ Ⅲ groups were fed 3days continuously(Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ fed only 1day) before 5,3 and 0 day ND immunity respectively,and the control group(VII) was fed basic diet with no herbs.We detected ND antibody level of sera on 1 day before inoculation,14,21,28 and 40 day after inoculation.The results showed:Compared with control group,Chinese herb complex could improve the value of antibody, exceeding 20.2~1.6 titers average on peak.Ⅲgroup had significant difference in contrast to VII (P <0.05) and other groups had no significant difference (P>0.05).

  Proliferation and Infectivity of Duck Hepatitis Virus TypeⅠ (DHV-Ⅰ) 2011, 27 (3):  352-355.  Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 1835871KB )   ( 1024 ) Abstract: In this study, the proliferation of Duck Hepatitis Virus Type Ⅰ (DHV-Ⅰ) is based on SPF Chick Embryo. Preparation of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), CELD50 and TCID50 are used to determine DHV infectivity. The results showed that DHV successfully proliferated in SPF chicken embryos, Lethal Chick of DHV have typical symptoms and surfaced characteristics, the value of CELD50 is 10-5.6/0.2 mL and TCID50 is 10-5.12/0.1 mL.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Homeobox hex Gene from KunMing Mouse 2011, 27 (3):  356-359.  Abstract + ( 1325 )   PDF ( 746469KB )   ( 972 ) Abstract: Hex（haematopoietically expressed homeobox, hex）gene has important function in vertebrate development.To study the function of hex gene in mammary gland development, the total RNA was extracted, hex gene was amplificated by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD18-T in the study.The result indicated that the open reading frame of hex gene was 816bp in length which could encode 271 amino acids,was 30KD molecular weight.There is complete similarity with the sequence published from GenBank.The homology of amino acids were 69.8%-97.0% with chicken,human,rat,xenopus and zebrafish.The phylogenetic tree of HEX protein from different species proved that there are seven differences in amino acid sequence between mouse and rat. HEX protein was conserved in sequence, it has important function in evolution.

  Antibody Response in Mice Induced by CDV Nucleocapsid Protein Gene 2011, 27 (3):  360-364.  Abstract + ( 1137 )   PDF ( 857854KB )   ( 943 ) Abstract:The CDV nucleocapsid protein gene was cloned into pMD-18T vector, restriction analysis was positive for plasmid DNA sequencing. The pMD-18T-N was digested by EcoRⅠand KpnⅠand cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA, the positive clones pcDNA-N was screening by electrophoresis sequencing, then transfected COS-7 cells and verified with the IFA. Intraperitoneal injection of 8-week-old BABL /c mice after the plasmid pcDNA-N emulsified with Freund's adjuvant. At same time the original vector as negative control pcDNA. A total of three inoculations were performed at once every two weeks.Two weeks after the last injection, blood samples were collected to separate serum. Results of ELISA show that titer stimulated by pcDNA-N is 101.62±0.164. While the control group’s titer is 100.52±0.56 , can not been detected CDV antibody. These experiments provided primary data for in vivo research of dogs.

  The Response of LH to GnRH Impulse Mode 2011, 27 (3):  365-368.  Abstract + ( 1206 )   PDF ( 741845KB )   ( 1021 )

  Ecological Effects and Fate of Veterinary Sulfonamide Antibiotics Residue in Soil 2011, 27 (3):  369-373.  Abstract + ( 1939 )   PDF ( 557974KB )   ( 1965 ) Sulfonamides, a structurally related group of antibiotics containing a similar 4-aminobenzene sulfonamide backbone. Sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents which are active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, are extensively used in agriculture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, and also as human medicines. Its residues in environment bring to a potential hazard. The eco-toxicity of veterinary sulfonamide antibiotics residue on soil environment, determination, transport, sorption and degradation in soil are summarized in this paper, and the possible future study is also prospected.

  Development and Preliminary Application of a Gold-ImmunochromatoGraphy Assay for PED 2011, 27 (3):  374-377.  Abstract + ( 1604 )   PDF ( 634100KB )   ( 1368 ) Abstract: Objective: To establish a highly efficient, cost-effective and handily detection method for the diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea; Method: Based on the well known working principle of Gold-Immunochromatography Assay (GICA), a batch of in-house GICA test strips were made by assembling the following elements, which were included the protein SPA labeled with HAuCl4 as indicating reagent as well as the recombinant PEDV M protein and multiple anti-SPA serum coated onto the NC membrane as detective line and control line respectively. Results: Compared with the reference ELISA method, the established GICA shared the similar test sensitivity. Especially, the clinical test agreement rate of both methods reached 96%, which was calculated by the sum percent of positive (65) and negative (7) samples among total 75 clinical samples. Conclusion: This GICA method provided the most rapid and convenient means for detection of PEDV infection in field.

  Comparison and Analysis of Extraction Methods of Total RNA from the Eyestalk in Macrobrachium nipponense 2011, 27 (3):  378-382.  Abstract + ( 1344 )   PDF ( 638576KB )   ( 1540 ) In this paper, eyestalks of Macrobrachium nipponense were studied as the material for seeking the best extraction method of total RNA by using RNAiso Plus, RNeasy Mini Kit, Unizol with some improvements in the predecessors. The quality of the total RNA was detected and analyzed by ordinary agarose gel electrophoresis, UV spectrophotometer and RT-PCR. The results showed that the total RNA isolated by RNAiso method had mass pigments. The total RNA obtained by improved RNAiso method had been partially dissolved and got less pigments. Although less pigment inhibit the activity of RTase to some extent, it still could be used for RT-PCR. The RNeasy Mini Kit method could get rid of pigments more efficiently, which inhibit the activity of RTase, and obtain integrate total RNA but with serious gDNA contamination. The method of RNAiso or Unizol combing with RNeasy Mini Kit could get high purity total RNA without pigments and gDNA. However, the total RNA extracted by the method of Unizol combing with RNeasy Mini Kit had much better integrity than by the method of RNAiso combing with RNeasy Mini Kit. Therefore, Unizol combing with RNeasy Mini Kit should be the best method for total RNA extraction in Macrobrachium nipponense eyestalk, and the total RNA obtained by this method could be used in the subsequent molecular biological experiments such as RT-PCR, construction of cDNA library, quantitative PCR.

  Investigation of Background Concentration of Formaldehyde in Fresh Fishery Products 2011, 27 (3):  383-390.  Abstract + ( 2146 )   PDF ( 696427KB )   ( 1494 ) The concentration of formaldehyde in 1013 fishery product samples, which including 314 samples of 12 species of freshwater fishes, 356 samples of 19 species of marine fishes, 147 samples of 9 species of crustaceans, 137 samples of 5 species of shellfish and 59 samples of 4 species of cephalopods, were determined by acetylacetone spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the median of formaldehyde content in fresh fishery products is 0.25 mg/kg, which was far below the average concerntration (6.31 mg/kg), indicating that most samples have low formaldehyde contentration. In the survey of 49 species, bombay duck（Hacpodon neheceus）, cod（Cadous macrocephalus, Theragra chalcogramma and Miciomesistius poutassou）, squid (Loligo chinensis), squill (Oratosquilla) and swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus and Portunus pelagicus) had higher levels of formaldehyde in the background. While formaldehyde content in tilapia seemed to be significantly higher than other freshwater fish species (p<0.05). Significant differences on types showed that the formaldehyde conerntration in marine fish samples were great, followed by samples of cephalopods, crustaceans and shellfish, however, samples of freshwater fish was in the lowest formaldehyde content (p<0.05).

  Species Composition and Spatial Characteristics of the Phytoplankton Community in the Anhui-Jiangsu Reach of Yangtze River in Autumn, 2009 2011, 27 (3):  391-398.  Abstract + ( 1509 )   PDF ( 755341KB )   ( 1248 ) In order to know more about the resources condition of phytoplankton in anhui-jiangsu reach of Yangtze river and provide more scientific warrant for evaluating eco-environment, exploiting and utilizing resources in anhui-jiangsu reach of Yangtze river, the investigation was conducted. The structure of phytoplankton was analyzed according to species composition, quantity, biomass and Mcnaughton dominance index, and the spatial distribution characteristic of phytoplankton was analyzed according to the clustering analytical method simultaneously. The results showed that there were 5 classes, including 27 species of phytoplankton had been recorded in the anhui-jiangsu reach of Yangtze river in autumn. Among them, Bacillariophyta was the predominant species, which had 16 species, accounted for 59.3% of the total species. Chlorophyta was recorded 6 species, accounted for 22.2%. Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta and Euglenophyta were recorded 2, 2, 1 species each and accounted for 7.4%, 7.4%, 3.7% respectively. The predominant species of phytoplankton in the anhui-jiangsu reach of Yangtze river in autumn were Fragilaria crotonensis, Melosira italica, Navicula cryptocephala, Cyclotella and Chroomonas acuta. The phytoplankton abundance in the anhui-jiangsu reach of Yangtze river in autumn ranged from 5.68×104 cells/L to 7.08×104 cells/L, with the average of 6.01×104 cells/L, and the phytoplankton biomass ranged from 30.43 μg/L to 34.73 μg/L, with the average of 32.46 μg/L. The number of phytoplankton species decreased and the phytoplankton abundance and biomass increased compared with the results of previous studies, which meant that the water quality in the jiangsu reach of Yangtze river had deteriorated. However, Bacillariophyta was still the main predominant species and the phytoplankton community structure had not changed significantly compared with the results of previous studies, which meant that the water quality in the jiangsu reach of Yangtze river had not deteriorated seriously. The results of similarity clustering of phytoplankton community indicated that the phytoplankton community at nanjing, wuhu and jiangyin were similar and the phytoplankton community at tongling was similar to that at anqing.

  Research on Net Primary Production and Spatiotemporal Pattern based on NOAA/AVHRR data in Tianjin area 2011, 27 (3):  399-403.  Abstract + ( 1294 )   PDF ( 1252708KB )   ( 897 ) Based on CASA model, net primary production (NPP) of Tianjin area was estimated using NOAA/AVHRR 1B data and climate data. The influence of vegetation types on light utility efficiency and albedo on net radiance were considered. The NPP simulated result of Tianjin area showed that total of NPP of Tianjin in 2007 was 3.86×109gC/a and average NPP was 335gC/m2/a. The top three NPP area of Tianjin were Jixian, Ninghe and Baodi. And the contribution of NPP of Tianjin for summer in all year was 62%, and for autumn was 21%, and for spring was 16% and for winter was 1%, separately. For the influence of different phenology law and weather factors, NPP of Tianjin had distinct annual variation. And annual NPP could be simulated by annual average NDVI and the simulated equation was .

  The Perspective of Global Economic Ecosystem Based on the Capacity of Agro-Ecosystem 2011, 27 (3):  404-407.  Abstract + ( 1358 )   PDF ( 703179KB )   ( 1208 ) The yield potentials of crops were projected in this research by three different methods: (1) the yield potentials of the majority of global crops were projected by the regression analysis of the historical annual crop yield data to be 2 to 3 times of their current yields; (2) the yield potentials of rice, wheat, maize, potato, rapeseed and soybean for China were projected by the AEZ model developed by IIASA and FAO to be 1.2, 2.2, 2.2, 2.9, 2.0 and 1.9 times of their 2005 country-wide average respectively; (3) the yield potentials of global rice, wheat, maize, potato, rapeseed and soybean were projected to be 1.4, 2.5, 1.2, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.2 times of their present record yield respectively, by the maximum light use efficiency (LUE) of plant model. The projected potential crop yields of the study indicated that the carrying capacity of global agro-ecosystem was limited. Thus, in a closed system such as the global ecological and economical system was not sustainable.

  Harmonious Degree Evaluation the Land Utilization and Ecological Environment-----A Case Study of Shang Shui County, Henan 2011, 27 (3):  408-412.  Abstract + ( 1336 )   PDF ( 847971KB )   ( 839 ) In order to study harmonious degree of utilization and ecological environment in the major grain producing area of Henan province, Shangshui County was using as the study area. The harmonious degree evaluation system of land utilization and ecological environment was built, by selecting the evaluation index and establishing the evaluation model based on the analysis of the region characteristic and data such as statistical yearbook, the land utilization data, the investigation data, etc. With the support of GIS technology, the spatial distribution of the harmonious degree was analyzed. The result showed that the harmonious degree of utilization and ecological environment in Shangshui County was favorable. Finally, some suggestions and measures and improvement were put forward. It can provide reference to the formulation of land utilization optimizes tactics to such similar area.

  Research Advances of Aquatic Plants in Water Ecological Restoration 2011, 27 (3):  413-416.  Abstract + ( 1325 )   PDF ( 554861KB )   ( 1838 ) Aquatic plants, important component in entire aquatic ecosystem, play an important role in material circulation and energy transfer in entire aquatic ecosystem. The ways of ecological restoration mainly include physical process, absorption, synergistic effect, allelopathy, and so on. Ecological restoration process is closely related to environment factor, such as light condition, temperature, salinity. According to process and ways of ecological restoration, the paper points out that further research should be conducted on enrichment and purification mechanism, synergistic effect, resources utilization and mechanism of allelopathy.

  Study on Environmental Impact Assessment in Land Use Planning————A Case Study of Zhongxian of Chongqing 2011, 27 (3):  417-420.  Abstract + ( 1306 )   PDF ( 531600KB )   ( 1181 ) Land Use Planning conducts an assessment of its potential impacts on the environment to avoid the adverse environmental impacts of land use restructuring when the land use planning is implemented. This article interpreted the content of environment impact assessment of the land use planning firstly, then take Zhong couty, Chongqing city as an example, and evaluated the environmental impact by three aspects of structural of land use, adjustments of land use and the key construction project, obtained that the implementation of land use planning was beneficial to improvement of ecological environment in Zhong couty.

  Evaluation on Nutrients Distribution and Eutrophication in Representative Water Areas of Weishan Lake 2011, 27 (3):  421-424.  Abstract + ( 1521 )   PDF ( 820082KB )   ( 1017 ) In order to make clear the nutrient salts distribution and trophic state in the Weishan Lake, the spatial distribution of nutrients in Weishan Lake was analyzed based on the monitoring data in April in 2010; Carlson trophic state index and potential eutrophication evaluation were applied to evaluate the eutrophic state of Weishan Lake. The results indicated that TP, P-PO4, TN, N-NO3, N-NO2, N-NH4 and chlorophyll a content in entryway portion>sea-route portion>breed portion; SD in sea-route portion>entryway portion>breed portion. The average Carlson trophic state indices in entryway portion, sea-route portion and breed portion were 63.0, 61.8 and 52.0 respectively; All of the three portion of the lake had reached or been close to eutrophication level. Potential eutrophication evaluation was used to evaluate trophic level, and the results showed that excepting S1 belonged to eutrophication level and S5 belonged to phosphorus moderate limit，all other stations belonged to phosphorus limit potential eutrophication level.

  The Responses of Soil C and N, Microbial Biomass C or N under Alpine Meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateauto the Change of Temperature and Precipitation 2011, 27 (3):  425-430.  Abstract + ( 1605 )   PDF ( 655954KB )   ( 2136 ) To know the effects of climate change on the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content, the field controlling experiments of temperature and precipitation manipulation were constructed to analyze the responses of soil C or N, and microbial biomass C or N under alpine meadow to change of temperature and precipitation. The results showed that the change of precipitation would not cause a reducing in soil organic carbon (SOC) content under alpine meadows significantly (P>0.05), while increasing temperature and no changing precipitation would cause decreasing in SOC content at surface soil layer, while increasing temperature and reducing precipitation would cause an increasing in total soil nitrogen content at deep soil layer, while increasing temperature and precipitation would cause a decreasing in total soil nitrogen content. Additionally, the change of precipitation or temperature would not cause a reducing of soil microbial biomass C or N content under alpine meadows significantly, while increasing temperature and reducing precipitation would cause total soil microbial biomass C ratio increasing, and increasing or decreasing precipitation would cause soil microbial biomass N ratio at soil layer increasing. The results indicated that the responses of soil C and N, microbial biomass C or N under alpine meadow to the change of temperature and precipitation were influenced by interaction between temperature and precipitation change or soil depth, and the effects of changing in temperature and soil water was not significantly.

  The Impact of Climate Chang on Climate Productivity in Oasis Region of Western 2011, 27 (3):  431-435.  Abstract + ( 1562 )   PDF ( 839880KB )   ( 1057 ) To understand the climate change rules of irrigation area on agricultural production, the author analyzed the climate productivity change in oasis in the western region using the meteorological data in Gansu Hexi, South Xinjiang and Ningxia. The results showed that the change rule of climate productivity as: climate productivity was increasing year by year in Gansu Hexi and South Xinjiang region, the growth rate of 0.97~38.12 kg/(hm2?a), showed a decreasing trend in Ningxia region, deceleration was 4.65~17.86 kg/(hm2?a), and with the precipitation trend was very consistent. The climate productivity year by year was increasing in the areas of less than 90° longitude, with the increase of latitude and longitude; the climate productivity year by year was increasing in the areas of greater than 90° longitude, with latitude reducing and longitude increasing. For the 49 possible future situations, changing trends of climate productivity was as followed: the climate productivity with wet type of climate was most favorable growing trend, an increase of 3.4~28.5 kg/(hm2?a); climate productivity was a decreasing trend and decreased 6.6~29.9 kg/(hm2?a) with dry type of climate.

  The Study of Thunderstorms Space Distribution and Prediction in Heilongjiang 2011, 27 (3):  436-440.  Abstract + ( 1534 )   PDF ( 1738008KB )   ( 1132 ) This information diffusion theory of Heilongjiang province from 1971 to 2005, 81 weather stations and the spatial distribution of thunderstorms variation analysis and plotted with GIS mapping technology thunderstorm days were 25 d, 30 d, 35 d, 40 d of the probability of zoning map. In order to forecast and take the appropriate countermeasures to minimize the thunderstorm disasters to the city's influence, while applications GM (1,1) model for Harbin, Daqing, Qiqihaer and other important cities in the next 50 years the number of thunderstorm days occurred ≥ 30 days of thunderstorms did more than forecast. Research obtained: (1)in 35 years, the average number of thunderstorm days in Heilongjiang province, central and south-central more less the eastern plains; (2)highest probability of thunderstorms across the province in the central and south central areas, the minimum value of the area was located in the east; (3)in the next 50 years, Haerbin, Qiqihaer, Mudanjiang, Daqing, great number of thunderstorm days occurred ≥ 30 years the number of multiple thunderstorms were 9, 7, 6, 4, 8 times, the probability of their values were 18%, 14%, 12%, 8%, 16%.

  The Research of Short-term Climate Forecast of Each Ten Days Rolling 30 Days and the System Construction in Liaoning Province 2011, 27 (3):  441-444.  Abstract + ( 1365 )   PDF ( 678469KB )   ( 838 ) As China’s economic development and social progress, the impact of weather disasters on economic and social are more and more extensive and serious. The good results of climate forecast can play a greater role in disaster prevention and mitigation, and by using dynamic climate model results on temperature, precipitation, and other weather elements can effectively improve the prediction accuracy. Based on NCC dynamical climate model outputting products, by combining EOF and multiple regression, temperature and precipitation forecasting equations for 30 days of future which ten days rolling were established. Results showed that good service is achieved in 2007 and 2008 business applications and the PS evaluation score was much better; the system platform which was brief and operability has been developed, so the efficiency of climate forecasting artisan was improved.

  Characteristics of Soil Erosion and Affecting Factors in Huangqian Watershed 2011, 27 (3):  445-450.  Abstract + ( 1404 )   PDF ( 952858KB )   ( 1097 ) In order to alleviate soil and water erosion, influences of land use, slope, altitude and coverage to soil erosion were investigated and analyzed at the base of techniques of 3S and theories on soil and water conservation through interpreting ALOS image of 2008 in Huangqian valley. In the studied valley，mild soil erosion and moderate soil erosion were the main erosion types. And the erosion mainly happened in forest land and garden plots where the slope was 5°~35°, the altitude was 200~800 meters and the vegetation coverage was 45%~75%. Most soil and water erosion distributed in garden plots of intense human activities, which proved that human activities had large influence on soil erosion of valley.

  Research Advances on Leaching of Fertilizer Nutrients from Agricultural Soils 2011, 27 (3):  451-456.  Abstract + ( 1324 )   PDF ( 615324KB )   ( 1425 ) Leaching from soil nutrients is important reasons leading to losses of soil nutrition elements. Nutrient leaching is a serious problem, not only will cause nutrition losses and reducing fertilizer use effiency, but also pollute ground water, and bring about bad environmental impact. Therefore, leaching of fertilizer nutrients from agricultural soils has been attracted more attention, whether from an agricultural view, or from an environmental one. This paper reviewes the research progress and trend of the leaching of fertilizer nutrients from agricultural soils at home and abroad, illuminates the forms and mechanism of the leaching loss of N, P, K nutrients from agricultural soils, as well as its affecting factors, and points out the existing problem and future direction of domestic research on the leaching of fertilizer nutrients from agricultural soils.

  Comparation of Soil Erosion Modulus between Different Vegetation Farmland around Beijing Suburb 2011, 27 (3):  457-461.  Abstract + ( 1426 )   PDF ( 629069KB )   ( 1009 ) To study the soil erosion changes under different vegetation farmland around Beijing suburb and propose dust farming systems in Beijing suburb, the research was carried out on the farm land surface by means of the movable wind tunnel in order to evaluate quantitatively erosion effects of different farm land. The results showed: vegetation cover could significantly reduce the amount of soil erosion in the winter and spring, When wind speed was constantly 20 m/s, the anti-erosion ability of five vegetations in the middle of March were Winter wheat and triticale>alfalfa>spinach and rape, winter wheat highest on 20 cm to the surface, triticale highest on 100 cm to the surface, and rape lowest on 20 cm, spinach lowest on 100 cm. When comed to the middle of April, the anti-erosion ability of five vegetations were spinach>rape>alfalfa >winter wheat and triticale, triticale lowest on 20 cm, winter wheat lowest on 100 cm. The soil erosion modulus of five vegetations showed the same modulus, 100 cm’s outweigh 20 cm’s slightly. In different treatment of straw and stubble on the topsoil, erosion modulus in over arable land was higher than no-tillage land, and remaining stubble over arable farmland showed highest, pole stand land showed lowest. The erosion modulus in straw chopping tillage was greater than the remaining stubble tillage, while reversed in April. Vegetation cover, no-tillage and stubble returned could reduce the amount of soil erosion in the winter and spring.

  The Relationship Between Soil Urease Activities and Soil Fertility in Karst Area 2011, 27 (3):  462-466.  Abstract + ( 1363 )   PDF ( 870381KB )   ( 1142 ) For the discussion of feasibility of taking the soil urease activities as the index of soil fertility levels, the author took the soil samples from 10 different types of land use in autumn, spring and summer in qingmuguan karst valley which was the research area, analyzed the soil urease activities and soil nutrient status of soil samples and used the correlation, path and principal component analysis to process the result. The results showed that the activity of urease had a significant correlation with the total nitrogen and available phosphorous and also related to the other soil nutrients. Directly and indirectly affected by the soil nutrients, the activity of urease could reflect the conditions of soil organics matter, total nitrogen and hydrolysable nitrogen. As a result, soil urease activities, to some extent, could be used as the index of soil fertility levels.

  Effects of Fertilization on Emission of Soil CO2 Gas in Rape field 2011, 27 (3):  467-470.  Abstract + ( 1355 )   PDF ( 653436KB )   ( 889 ) In order to evaluate the different fertilization on CO2 greenhouse gas emissions of rape fields, to better guide the farmers to improve fertilization methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The study were 4 types of the fertilizations (YH, JG, CG, CK) in Chaohu rape fields, using the static box-GC determination of the growth of rape period of CO2 emission fluxes, while soil temperature, soil moisture and air humidity were determined, correlation analysis of data obtained different fertilizations treatments had great effects on CO2 emissions. CO2 emission flux of CK treatment was the smallest, but the effect of different fertilizations was not correlation. In soil temperature of 10 cm depth the following conduct straw fertilization on the CO2 emissions of rape there was a significant positive correlation. In the effect of CO2 emissions on soil moisture only JG treatment showed a significant negative correlation. And in 4 types of the fertilizations, YH was the most worthy of promotion.

  Research Progress of Cultivated Land Resource Security in China 2011, 27 (3):  471-475.  Abstract + ( 1127 )   PDF ( 541307KB )   ( 1247 ) Resource security is critical to sustainable development of human society. The research of cultivated land resource security had became the forefront topic in the field of sustainable utilization of cultivated land resource. This article interpreted the concept of cultivated land resource security firstly, and then summarized the main progress and achievements in cultivated land security research. Finally, this article indicated that special attention should be paid to follow aspects in the future study of cultivated land resource security. Firstly, there was a synthetic tendency of regional cultivated land resource security assessment and early-warning study. Secondly, study scale of cultivated land resource security as well as behavior and incentives about protectors should be further discussed. Finally, simulation of regional cultivated land resource security is still an exploratory work.

  Evolution of Cultivated Land Security System in Hubei Province from 2001 to 2007 2011, 27 (3):  476-480.  Abstract + ( 1440 )   PDF ( 757455KB )   ( 1041 ) In order to research the cultivated land security system in hubei province, the indicator system for evaluating cultivated land security development was built through three aspects of quantity, quality and ecology, at the same time, it was also analyzed by information entropy model between 2001 and 2007 in hubei province. The results showed that: the value of the cultivated land system was from 0.12088 into -0.22354 between 2001 and 2007, besides, the value of the cultivated land quantity, quality and ecology were from 0.10358, -0.00286, 0.02015 into -0.22273, -0.00078, -0.00002. This demonstrated that the cultivated land system of hubei province was developing towards an orderly direction and the harmonious degree was increasing gradually, but there were still unstable factors, such as the reduction in cropland acreage per capita, urban rapid expansion, ecological environment deterioration etc. Therefore, on the one hand, the cultivated land consolidation dynamics should be intensified, the urban land intensive degree should be improved; on the other hand, economic, legal and policy should be adopted to raise the quality of cultivated land and improve cultivated land ecology.

  Analysis on the Development Status and Countermeasures of Lychee Industry in Guangdong Province 2011, 27 (3):  481-487.  Abstract + ( 1190 )   PDF ( 861823KB )   ( 1338 ) Guangdong is a region of the largest cultivated area and possesses more cultivated species of lychee in the world. And lychee planting area in Guangdong province is about 45% of the total in China. Now, lychee production has moved towards industrialization and has been one of the key branches among agriculture in Guangdong. Compared with the domestic market competitiveness, lychee producing in Guangdong has been developed as an industry with advantageous competition and has strong market competitiveness. So, this paper analyzed the status of lychee producing and lychee trade in the world, and the situation of lychee distribution, lychee production and technologies for lychee fruits’ fresh-keeping, processing and pests control in Guangdong province. Finally, this paper put forward several countermeasures for lychee development based on the present situation of lychee production in Guangdong province.

  Analysis on Characteristics Change of Atmospheric Drought in Datong City 2011, 27 (3):  488-492.  Abstract + ( 1234 )   PDF ( 750330KB )   ( 1339 ) Based on the yearly and monthly precipitation data (1955-2009) of Datong, using a meteorological drought index as atmospheric percentage, the author analyzed the meteorological drought occurring year in Datong, time evolution and the impact on agriculture. The results showed the annual precipitation decreased by 8.6 mm/10a in 55 years, meanwhile, there were 20 dry years in total, and the drought frequency was 36%, which meant that there was a drought year every 2.8 years. The frequency of dry season were 32.7% in spring, 30.9% in winter, 25.4% in autumn and 21.8% in summer. Severe winter drought years was the most, followed by summer, but severe spring and autumn drought years were less. The humid autumn trend was not apparent; spring, summer and winter drought which were increasing, resulting in enhanced drought general trend in Datong. The author analyzed the precipitation in the key period of crops (April to September), since 1980 the overall bias by the floods to partial drought in Datong. The frequency of the annual and quarterly drought pointed to the evident raise of the drought frequency during 1980s. And it reached its extreme value in 1990s. Combining the agricultural drought data, the author further analyzed the influence of meteorological drought on agriculture, and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions, expecting to have positive guidance for the local drought control.