Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.28 Published:05 October 2012

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  Analysis on the Species Diversity Characteristics of Typical Plant Communities at Desert-Oasis Ecotone in Minqin Desert 2012, 28 (28):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 974 )   PDF ( 734506KB )   ( 775 ) In order to find the species diversity characteristics of vegetation community at desert-oasis ecotone and the mechanism of maintenance of species diversity and community stability among different life forms, the author researched the species composition, community structure and plant species diversity of the 8 vegetation communities at desert-oasis ecotone in Minqin desert. The results showed that: (1) the shrub layer was dominant in species composition and quantity, the proportion was more than 56.86% in the vegetation communities except Reaumuria songarica community. The quantity of perennial herbs was relatively stable, but has a relatively low proportion in the whole community(only0.30% to 3.14% ) except in Artemisiaarenaria community (6.65%).(2) The important value of which in Nitraria was the highest for 84.41%, while in Oxytropis aciphylla community was the lowest for 20.70%, the others are changing from 56.78% to 68.07%. (3) All of the species diversity indices were low, from big to small was: Oxytropis aciphylla community＞Potaninia mongolica community＞Reaumuria songarica community＞Artemisiaarenaria community＞Calligonum mongolicum community＞Salsola passerina community＞Ephedra przewalskii community＞Nitraria community. All these communities have low species richness and inter-specific encounter rate, high ecological dominance, and uneven distribution of species, which explained the major species were dwarf shrub and semi-shrub, and perennial herbs had a relatively low proportion. Dominant populations in the desert shrub community have very prominent status and role were, which had more important role than the other species in community structure, the process of ecosystem function and community succession direction. The desert shrub community was unstable for lacking of the species redundancy.

  The Research on Carbon Dioxide Flux of the Three Communities in the Dongpinghu Riparian Zone 2012, 28 (28):  8-14.  Abstract + ( 1024 )   PDF ( 772280KB )   ( 855 ) In order to accurately explore the differences of different vegetation types in lake riparian zone, and to provide a theoretical basis for research on wetlands ecosystem balance of carbon budget, daily variations of soil carbon flux of the three communities (Cattails, Phragmites and Artificial Poplar) in the Dongpinghu riparian zone were measured continuously in the spring of 2011 using LI-8100 automated soil CO2 flux system. Environmental factors were also measured during the sampling periods. The results showed: (1) the soil organic matter of the artificial poplars was more higher than the other two primary wetland soil; (2) the diurnal curves of soil respiration rate under the three communities had a simple peak value correlated well with atmosphere temperature generally with its maximum during 12:00-14:00 and minimum during 6:00; (3) exponential models were used to describe the relationships between soil respiration rate and air temperature above ground, soil temperature, and the correlation between soil respiration rate and air temperature above ground was higher than that between soil respiration rate and soil temperature for the three communities. The environmental effects on soil respiration differed among plant community types. It was concluded that environmental changes would alter the daily soil respiration patterns for three plant communities.

  The Effect of Jatropha curcas L. Forests with Different densities on the Soil Microorganism 2012, 28 (28):  15-20.  Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 659262KB )   ( 929 ) In order to scientifically evaluate the soil fertility changes in the different densities of Jatropha curcas L. forest, the author did the soil microorganism research, with combination of water and fertilizer control technology measures, to improve the different densities of Jatropha curcas L. forest ecosystem environment, maintain its productivity level, to provide the basic data and the theoretical basis for scientific construction and management of Jatropha curcas L. forest, to accelerate its’ development. By comparing the soil microbial quantity and taxa to the three different densities of Jatropha curcas L. forests in Shuangbai, Yunnan Province. In addition, the author did the cluster analysis, and diversity index analysis to the Jatropha curcas L. forest of microorganisms. The results indicated that the three woodland of soil microorganism variance were remarkable, sample 2 was most, sample 1 and sample 3 had no differences. The vertical distribution showed that the microorganism quantity had difference, 0-15 cm soil bacteria, fungi number rose gradually, 11-15 cm peak; with the increase of soil depth, the number of fungi, bacteria showed a downward trend. Sample 2 species diversity index was also significantly higher than the other two kinds of forest lands, this might be due to moderate density was beneficial to the growth of the soil microorganism. Therefore, in the cultivation of Jatropha curcas L., the most suitable density of 2 m×3 m.

  In vitro Pollen Germination and Characteristics on Pollen Tube of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. 2012, 28 (28):  21-27.  Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 1005983KB )   ( 905 ) In order to further research on sexual hybridization and seed orchard breeding in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., in vitro germination and characteristics of germination on pollen of P. tabulaeformis were studied. The results showed that in medium without sucrose, the pollen still had capability to germinate, although the germination rate was relatively low. The sucrose could promote pollen germination significantly, but high concentration of sucrose inhibited pollen tube growth. Tube branches could be formed during germination, and the frequency of branched pollen grains was positively correlated with sucrose concentration. At early of germination, boron acid was able to accelerate the pollen germination. However, excessively high concentration of the boron acid inhibited germination. A relatively high germination rate could be observed in all treatments with different concentrations of Ca2+. Temperature promoted pollen germination, but the rate of germination decreased with temperature increase after 26℃. Integrating pollen germination rate, tube growth and frequency of branched pollen, the components of optimal liquid medium for P. tabulaeformis should be 2.00% sucrose+0.075% boron acid+0.005% Ca2+. The germination rate could be reached (96.10±0.47)% after 72 h cultured at 26℃.

  Genetic Transformation of Chitinase and β-1, 3-Glucase Gene to Rubber Tree 2012, 28 (28):  28-33.  Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 810716KB )   ( 903 ) The aim was to enhance the resistance of powdery mildew of rubber tree with genetic engineering. 15090 anther callus of high yield, large-scale spread, elite variety ‘CATAS 7-33-97’ was used as receptor in this study, bean chitinase and tobacco β-1,3-glucanase gene were transformed into Hevea mediated by Agrobacterium, 1386 resistant somatic embryos were differentiated, then proliferated by secondary embryogenesis, 277 were successful. PCR results indicated that 49 embryos were positive, with 0.33% transformation efficiency. Bean chitinase and tobacco β-1, 3-glucanase gene were transformed into Hevea mediated by Agrobacterium, with 0.33% PCR positive efficiency. It laid a good foundation for improving the powdery mildew resistance by genetic engineering in Hevea.

  Stress Tolerance Evaluation of Superior Clones of Fraxinus chinensis 2012, 28 (28):  34-38.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 712649KB )   ( 951 ) In order to investigate the growth responses of different Fraxinus chinensis at saline-alkali habitats. The root vigor, protective enzyme abilities, and contents of malonyldiadehyde, osmotic regulation substances and chlorophyll in the Fraxinus chinensis leaves were determined to evaluate the stress tolerance of six superior clones by factor analysis. The results showed that the contribution rate of accumulative variance of the two common factors extracted from factor analysis was 90.85%, and it showed that all information of the original five observations could be reflected more than 90% by the two common factors. Besides, from the calculating of weight value, it was known that the comprehensive scores of six superior clones of Fraxinus chinensis were all greater than the ‘Rong-1’, showing good stress tolerance, and the score of ‘Lula-2’ was highest, followed by ‘Lula-3’. The results indicated that all of six clones had stronger inverse-resistance in comparison to the control, native Fraxinus chinensis cv. ‘Rong-1’, among which the variety ‘Lula-2’ was the best one.

  The Induction of Callus Tissue of Taxus chinensis var. mairei 2012, 28 (28):  39-43.  Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 1158554KB )   ( 661 ) In order to investigate the factors influencing the induction of callus tissue from Taxus chinensis var. mairei, the author researched on callus induction from stem and needle leaves. The results indicated that: young stem was the best explant of the callus induction, callus tissue grew fast and appeared yellow green with loose texture, while the callus tissue from leaves were white and slow in growth. The combination of 2,4-D and NAA could promote the induction of callus tissue, and 1/5 of 2,4-D/NAA was the best. Culture in darkness could significantly benefit the callus tissue and reduce the browning phenomenon.

  Morphological Response to Different Drought Stress in the Roots of Neyraudia reynaudiana 2012, 28 (28):  44-48.  Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 681274KB )   ( 903 ) In order to discuss the response law of root in Neyraudia reynaudiana to drought stress, and provide scientific theoretical basis for the promotion and application of Neyraudia reynaudiana in soil erosion area, taking pioneer species Neyraudia reynaudiana which was widespread in southern China region of water and soil conservation as the research object, pot experiment with 4 different drought stress was designed, root morphology index and biomass distribution were determined in different treatments, and morphological response to drought stress was researched. The results showed that among treatments with different drought stress, there was significantly different in total root length, root surface-area, root average diameter, root biomass of Neyraudia reynaudiana, but not in the root volume. The root volume and root average diameter decreased with increasing drought stress, and there were lower under drought stress than enough water supplies. The total root length, root surface-area, root biomass, root-shoot ratio were greater under drought stress than enough water supply, and there were the largest under moderate drought stress with field moisture capacity by 40%±5% among different treatments. Neyraudia reynaudiana had strong drought-resistant and drought-tolerant, because it had a large root system with root length and root surface-area. Information on the response of root characters of elongation growth and enlargement root-soil interface of Neyraudia reynaudiana would provide one of useful information for explaining mechanisms of morphology response under drought stress.

  Effects of Shade Treatment on Growth and Soluble Protein Content of Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroide) 2012, 28 (28):  49-52.  Abstract + ( 1005 )   PDF ( 671562KB )   ( 663 ) Shading is one of the most important factors that affect the growth and turf quality of turfgrasses. In the experiment, the author compared the growth responses and soluble protein content of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) growing in a greenhouse when exposed to 3 light regimes: full sunlight (CK), moderate shading (50% of full sunlight), and intense shading (30% of full sunlight) for 5 growing months. Different light regimes were designed by using plastic shade net in different light transmittance. The results indicated the content of soluble protein content in leaves was significantly deceased by shading in comparison to CK while no difference was observed between 2 shading treatments. On the other hand, the stolon increment, tiller and the leaf thickness were significantly decreased when exposed to shading. In contrast, the leaf length and average plant height were significantly increased.

  A Preliminary Study on Flight Ability Among Chinese Population of Asian Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar 2012, 28 (28):  53-57.  Abstract + ( 796 )   PDF ( 694850KB )   ( 849 ) In order to explore the flight ability of gypsy moth, this research regarded the female Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) collected from Inner Mongolia and Hebei as experimental subjects. The maximum flight speed, flight distance, flight time of Asian gypsy moth was recorded using computer-linked flight mills in the laboratory. The results indicated that flight ability between males and females had significant difference, that was to say, males had stronger flight capability than females. The mean flight distance was 6.76 km for males, but 1.85 km for females. This ability was highest at age of 1-old day after emergence. The flight distance and flight time of females showed continuously downward with the increase of day-age. The mean flight distance and time were not significant different between virgin and mated male. Egg-laying in mated moths had a negative influence on flight capability.

  Research on Different Method of using composed sewage sludge affect on the photosynthetic characteristics of some Plants in Coastal Saline Soil Shanghai 2012, 28 (28):  58-65.  Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 1020679KB )   ( 635 ) The high salinization character of coastal saline soil affected the plant colonization and growth. In this paper, the effects of different method of using composed sewage sludge were compared. And the photosynthetic characteristic of some plant species was measured periodically for the purpose of reflecting the effects of different ratio of composed sewage sludge in time gradient. The results showed that: (1) Using composed sewage sludge in the coastal saline soil could improve the photosynthetic efficiency of plant species. The comprehensive effects of adding composed sewage sludge was not only related to the added concentration, but also the plant growth condition and adaptability. The effect duration of adding composed sewage sludge was proportional to the added concentration. (2)Adding composed sewage sludge may cause stress effect in early period, and some plant species with strong adaptability showed that the net photosynthetic rate was higher than control group in adding 5% amount of composed sewage sludge, such as Nerium indicum, Pittosporum tobira and also. The effects of adding 2.5% and 5.0% amount of composed sewage sludge was better than that of 7.5% or higher amount in normal growth period of plant species. And the effects of adding 2.5% and 5.0% amount of composed sewage sludge was significantly weakened in about 500 days since the adding day, but adding 7.5% amount of composed sewage sludge was also showed a significant promotion effect. It was suggested that adding composed sewage sludge should be many times but small amount for once. (3) The stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of adding composed sewage sludge group was higher than control group, but its net photosynthetic rate was lower than control group. The photosynthetic efficiency of new or excellent plants didn’t change significantly in condition of adding 5.0% amount composed sewage sludge group in about 180 days since the adding day. (4)While using composed sewage sludge for improving soil condition, the main factor that affected the plant net photosynthetic rate was plant adaptability in a relative long time scale, but the using amount of sludge would have more significant affects in the short time scale. It was suggested that the main application ratio of composed sewage sludge might be 5% and below when using sludge for improving coastal saline soil.

  The Impact of Different Forest Land Management Practices on Camellia oleifera 2012, 28 (28):  66-68.  Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 548912KB )   ( 837 ) In order to improve planting operations level of Camellia oleifera, the impact of 3 forest land managements including pruning, breeding chickens, control on oil-tea Camellia forest was studied. The results showed that fruit set percentage significantly reduced in breeding chickens under oil-tea Camellia forest, which decreased 9.1% compared with the control (CK), and the yield also significantly reduced. But improving soil fertility, soil available N, available P and available K were increased by the 33.3 mg/kg, 8.9 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. Fruit set percentage significantly reduced induced by pruning, a decrease of 4.5% compared with the control, but the fruit retention rate improved greatly, an increase of 28.1% compared with the control, the yield was increased by 0.28 kg/plant.

  Short-term Forecasting Trapping Amount of Shirahoshizo patruelis in Forest Based on Chaotic Time Series 2012, 28 (28):  69-73.  Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 694703KB )   ( 680 ) In order to supply technical support for control of Shirahoshizo patruelis (Voss) and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bubrer) Nickle, the author used the basic principles of chaotic time series, by analyzing the trapping series of Shirahoshizo patruelis (Voss) in forest and then reconstructed the phase space and calculated the largest Lyapunov exponent. The results showed that the trapping series of Shirahoshizo patruelis (Voss) in forest had chaotic characteristics. On this basis, the short-term prediction of Shirahoshizo patruelis (Voss) population dynamics with weighted one-rank local-region model showed that the prediction success rate in the largest temporal scale was 100%.

  Pest Risk Analysis of Holcocerus hippophaecolus to Xinjiang 2012, 28 (28):  74-80.  Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 1143228KB )   ( 946 ) ,In order to foresee the diffusion areas of Holcocerus hippophaecolus in Xinjiang and its potential damage to the sea buckhorn of those areas, the research potential climate suitable distribution of Holcocerus hippophaecolus in Xinjiang was predicted by CLIMEX and GARP software, from parts of sea buckhorn’s distribution, the host economical importance, possibility of spreading and diffusion, management difficulties of H. hippophaecolus to analyze the risk in Xinjiang. The result showed that most part of Xinjiang had the risk about H. hippophaecolus. Combined the raise area and status of distribution, it indicated that Turpan Basin, Yili region, Aletai region, Kizilsu Kirgiz region, Kasgar region and Hotan region are adequate for H. hippophaecolus to exist, and most of this place were high suitable regions. Combined the judging standard of quantitative analysis of pest risk assessment, R value of H. hippophaecolus was 2.24. It was a high devastating forest pest in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. And it was dangerous for the ecosystem, soil and water conservation and forest economy of Xinjiang. So it was important to take effective measures to control the damage and diffusion of H. hippophaecolus, it suggested that to let H. hippophaecolus in the supplement list of forestry quarantine pest for Xinjiang.

  Business Customization Technology Research of Digital Forestry Based on SOA 2012, 28 (28):  81-86.  Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 1390622KB )   ( 632 ) In order to quickly build application systems to meet various needs and realize software reuse, a SOA-based digital forestry business customization technology is proposed in this paper in the process of multi-system integration research for digital forestry. The business customization platform is also built and its overall structure and functional structure is described in detail. Finally, the specific step of the business customization is given. Business customization technology can help to improve system scalability, flexibility, reliability, and maximizing software reuse. And it will provide technical support for the construction of digital forestry.

  Germplasm Resources Investigation and Utilization Prospects of Hazel in Small Xing’an Ridge Region 2012, 28 (28):  87-94.  Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 1737667KB )   ( 925 ) In order to take full advantage of the natural hazel resources and select the high-quality and strong cold resistance hazel in the basis of mastering the germplasm resources of hazel in small Xing’an ridge region, with the method of field investigation and visiting people, the author took an initial investigation about the species and distribution types, community and nut exterior quality of the hazel in small Xing’an ridge region after setting 17 typical sample lands in 4 different climatic regions. The results showed that, there were 2 prime species, such as Corylus heterophylla and Corylus mandshurica in small Xing’an ridge region, the shelling percentage of Corylus mandshurica and Corylus heterophylla were 36% and 25% respectively as peel thickness were 0.88 mm and 1.85 mm. The coefficient of variation about the seed weight, the shelling percentage, the nut weight, the peel thickness of 2 species reached above 10%. The scattered, the associated and the pure were 3 commom hazel forest distribution types, the output of the scattered was highest among 3 types. The nut weight, the peel thickness and the shelling percentage of Corylus mandshurica of Wuying Region reached 0.6049 g, 0.84 mm, 40.16% as the best hazel among the 4 investigated regions. In conclusion, the Corylus mandshurica had high value because its thinner peel thickness and higher shelling percentage than Corylus heterophylla; the sequence of seed weight, shelling percentage, nut weight, peel thickness could be as the important index of seed selection; the next selection working could be developed in Wuying Region as the exterior quality of Corylus mandshurica was higher in the region.

  Bamboo Germplasm Resource and Its Floristic Characteristic in the Shimentai Nature Reserve 2012, 28 (28):  95-99.  Abstract + ( 837 )   PDF ( 634357KB )   ( 686 ) The Shimentai National Nature Reserve is located in the north of Yingde City of Guangdong Province, and which is characterized by south subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest and center subtropical monsoon typical evergreen broadleaved forest. With warm climate and plentiful rain, bamboo is exuberant in this reserve. Through the field investigation of the bamboo germplasm resource in the reserve, 88 specimens of the genus have been collected, which belong to 10 genera and 38 species (including form and cultivar). Among these 10 genera, Bambusa had 12 species, the next was Phyllostachys which had 8 species (including form and cultivar), in addition, Arundinaria nuspicula was the new geographical distribution in Guangdong Province. The floristic characteristics of the reserve were the richness of species, the multiformity of the type, the complexity of the geographical distribution and the obvious transition.

  The Status and Protection of Rare and Endangered Plants Manglietia calcarea X.H.Song in Maolan National Nature Reserve 2012, 28 (28):  100-103.  Abstract + ( 899 )   PDF ( 623385KB )   ( 805 ) Manglietia calcarea X.H.Song is endemic rare and endangered plants in Guizhou. In order to understand the resource status of Manglietia calcarea X.H.Song in Maolan National Nature Reserve, the author investigated the status of the distribution of the Manglietia calcarea X.H.Song by using line transect survey method. The results showed that: Manglietia calcarea X.H.Song was narrow distribution and still rare, founded only 8 distribution points total 10, had been endangered. They were mainly distributed in Dongduo, Dongchang, Yaozhai and Kaji, where the elevation were between 650-820 m, which were col, mountainside, depression, trough the secondary forest, idle land side, under the bamboo forest and jungle. According to the feature of the geographical distribution and resource status of the Manglietia calcarea X.H.Song in Maolan Nature Reserve, the author also analyzed the reasons of endangered and investigation the effective protection measures.

  Construction of Residential Shelter Forest in Okinawa Main Land and Its Implications for New Residential Construction Plan of China 2012, 28 (28):  104-108.  Abstract + ( 781 )   PDF ( 2797951KB )   ( 763 ) For the accelerating new residential construction of rural areas in China, and perfecting related supplementary construction measures, the authors learn from Japanese with an advanced theories and methods of planning ahead on disaster prevention and mitigation which were protected by law. The fact of red tile wooden buildings around with common Garcinia scenery shelter forest being the Okinawa typical village feature was confirmed by analyzing historical materials of Okinawa main land, mass observation and field survey, and measuring numbers of common Garcinia and density of shelter forest. Construction of scenery shelter forest originated from the instinct of villagers’ resisting natural disasters and responsibility of the local government ensuring peace and safety, and finally it was developed as the basis to protect the living environment of villagers and keep the social stability. Meanwhile, shelter forests promote ecological beautifulness of Okinawa natural environment and prosperous tourism. Now tourism income has become the main source of revenue in Okinawa.

  Application and Prospect of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers in Flue-cured Tobacco 2012, 28 (28):  109-113.  Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 598222KB )   ( 880 ) In this paper, in order to promoting slow/controlled release fertilizers (SRFs) applying to tobacco production, achieve flue-cured tobacco simplified cultivation production and improve quality of tobacco, the research and application literatures of SRFs were summarized that were published. Firstly, the SRFs concept, types and characteristics were introduced, and then the effects of SRFs in tobacco production were summarized, the results showed that, the SRFs could promote the growth and development of tobacco, enhance resistance and increase the potassium content of tobacco leaf. At the same time, the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves is promoted coordinating, the appearance and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves was improved and the utilization rate of fertilizer and economic indicators were improved. As a result, the production cost was reduced and the income was increased. In the end of paper, the problem about slow/controlled release fertilizers research in tobacco production was single and not system. The production and industrialization of slow/controlled release fertilizers was lack of standard. Potash fertilizer was difficulty to release slowly. The material which used to envelope was cost high and easy to pollute the environment. The slow/controlled release fertilizers application prospect was given in this paper. The manufacturing standards and quality control standards which conform to China's actual situation should be made. The new material which was cheap, no pollution and suitable for coated potash fertilizer was the difficulty future work for slow/controlled release fertilizers in tobacco research.

  Progress of Research on Peony Soil-borne Disease and Control 2012, 28 (28):  114-118.  Abstract + ( 1048 )   PDF ( 598487KB )   ( 788 ) Peony is a valuable ornamental and medicinal plant, however, with the continuous cropping and the increase of grow area and variety, peony soil-borne disease has been more and more important and seriously affected the normal growth and development, seeding and flower quality, decreased the values of ornamental and medicinal, affected the industrialization development of peony. Therefore, the types, symptoms, pathogen, occurrence regularity and control method (chemical control, biology control, agricultural regulation, put prevention first and integrated control) of peony soil-borne diseases were summed up systematically in this paper. Based on the analyses, the future research directions were suggested as follows: strengthen biology control of peony soil-borne diseases, conduct thorough research on peony soil-borne disease physiology, and study on the relationship between peony garden soil and peony soil-borne disease. This paper hopes to provide theoretical and practical reference on control of peony soil-borne disease, so as to promoting the industrial progress of peony production.

  Study on Variety Screening Test of Tobacco in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan 2012, 28 (28):  119-123.  Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 537781KB )   ( 697 ) In order to select good quality tobacco varieties, which were appropriate for planting at Xiangxi, the field comparison test of 7 induced varieties were conducted and their agricultural and economic characters, disease resistance were analyzed. Results showed, (1) there was no obvious difference between botanical characters of varieties in growth duration. (2) The plant height of ‘ZY-201’, ‘HY-9-7’ were highest, and stem diameter and pitch of ‘ZY-201’, ‘GY-4’ were higher than CK. (3) The incidence of tobacco disease on ZY-201 was the lower, and ‘KRK26’, CK was the highest. (4) The economic character analysis indicated that the yield of ‘GY-4’ was the highest, and the next was ‘ZY-201’. Therefore, ‘ZY-201’, ‘GY-4’ had better total characteristics, which were appropriated for planting at Xiangxi.

  Dynamic Study on the Total Soluble Sugar Content of Ledu Garlic 2012, 28 (28):  124-127.  Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 577885KB )   ( 675 ) The aim was to explore the dynamic study on the total soluble sugar content of Ledu garlic in all growth period. The study was made on the total soluble sugar content of garlic of bulbs, stems, leaves, garlic sprouts and other organs during infancy to maturing by using Ledu garlic. The result showed that the total soluble sugar content of garlic plant organs had different variational trend in different growth stages. The soluble sugar content of bulb parts was declining- rising-declining-rising, and the total soluble sugar content of stem changed decline at the first, after rise. The soluble sugar content of roots, leaves were rising-declining-rising-declining. In the same birth period, the soluble sugar distribution proportion of garlic plant organs was also different. In different growth stages, for the same birth organs of garlic plant, the soluble sugar allocation proportion was also different.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a Polygalacturonase Inhibiting Protein BoPGIP Gene in Brassica oleracea L. 2012, 28 (28):  128-133.  Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 2209928KB )   ( 698 ) PGIP is a cell wall binding protein specific binding and inhibiting activity of fungal endo-PG activity and occupies a very important position in plant molecular resistance breeding. Cloning and sequence analysis of PGIP gene in Brassica oleracea L. will lay the foundation for breeding resistant disease varieties through the transgenic technology. Therefore, in the paper, through the homologous sequence cloning method, a new PGIP gene, designed as BoPGIP, were cloned from Brassica oleracea L. by PCR amplification, with two pairs of gene specific primers designed according to the full-length sequences of known BoPGIP1 gene (Accession: JF325875) from Brassica oleracea var. italica. The DNA full-length of BoPGIP was 1065 bp and consisted of one intron and two exons. The full length of the exons was 975 bp and encoded a protein of 342 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 43.8 kD and a 6.256 Isolectric Point. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the BoPGIP gene belonged to the PGIP gene family and have typical LRR domains; moreover, it had four potential N-glycosylation sites (65-68, 106-109, 130-133, 254-257), one protein kinase C phosphorylation site (189-191), five casein kinase II phosphorylation sites (73-76, 78-81, 151-154, 182-185, 304-307) and four N-myristoylation site (157-162, 188-193, 236-241, 273-278); signal peptide analysis showed BoPGIP might encode a membrane protein with a signal peptide at the N-terminus. The predicted secondary structure composition for the protein had 31.79% helix, 13.89% sheet, and 54.32% loop. These results will lay the groundwork for further studying the function of the BoPGIP gene. Cloning and sequence analysis of BoPGIP gene revealed that it belonged to PGIP gene family and will provide a basis for further verify its function.

  Effect of Planting Environment on the DUS Testing Results of Some Quantitative Characteristics of Tomato 2012, 28 (28):  134-139.  Abstract + ( 939 )   PDF ( 638232KB )   ( 664 ) The objective in this article is to explore the effect of different planting environments on the DUS testing results of some quantitative characteristics of tomato. We carried out research on the influence of two different planting environments of plastic greenhouse and field on the DUS testing results of 10 quantitative characteristics of 30 tomato standard varieties, 2 candidate varieties and 2 similar varieties. The results showed that the two planting environments had a significant or extremely significant influence on other 8 quantitative characteristics except number of 1st flower’s node and number of locules, resulting in some differences on estimating note of quantitative characteristic and assessing distinctness. Calibrating scale index of quantitative characteristics of tomato standard varieties can effectively eliminate the impact caused by different planting environments.

  Response of Environmental Factors and Characteristics of Variation on Muskmelon Sap Flow with Mulched Drip Irrigation in the Solar Greenhouse 2012, 28 (28):  140-147.  Abstract + ( 1412 )   PDF ( 1059191KB )   ( 847 ) It’s so important that the yield and quality of muskmelon plants which are more and more cultivated in the greenhouse would be increased by reasonable irrigation mode and desicition. Based on ascertaining the variation and effect factors of sap flow rate, the index of muskmelon plant moisture capacity were determined by highly effective irrigation decision-making. Dynamax Sap Flow Measuring System, Automatic Weather Station System and TRIME-IPH were used to simultaneously measure and monitor the muskmelon sap flux density, environmental factors and soil water content. Based on the analysis of the diurnal variations of stem sap flow and environmental factors, the results showed that: Diurnal sap flux density had the double peak pattern, the started time of sap flow delayed 1-2 hours on cloudy and rainy days, and the peak value decrease 15%-47%. The muskmelon transpiration velocity was much higher in sunny days than in rainy or cloudy days, and there was day depression of transpiration markedly in midday, and the sap flow also existed at night. There was no depression of transpiration in rainy days, and the sap flow velocity was zero under the condition of highest air relative humidity at night. Solar radiation (Rs) and air relative humidity (Rh) lag behind the sap flux density, but in rainy or cloudy day solar radiation (Rs) and sap flux velocity achieve the peak simultaneously. Solar radiation (Rs) was the most important affecter to the sap flux density in the stage of fruit enlargement, the regression equation was established (F=26.204+0.0890Rs-0.2540Rh, R2=0.831, P<0.001) based on solar radiation (Rs) and air relative humidity (Rh). The tinny increasing of air relative humidity (Rh) in sunny midday which the solar radiation (Rs) laid in the high level made sap flux density decrease.

  Study on Identification and Biological Characteristics of Wild Lyophyllum decastes Strain 2012, 28 (28):  148-152.  Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 1264738KB )   ( 826 ) In order to make better development and use of Lyophyllum decastes, a wild mushroom, identified by molecular biological techniques as L. decastes (Fr.:Fr.) Sing., was tested and the biological characteristics were researched by measuring mycelial growth rate, dry weight and growth vigor. The results showed that the optimal carbon source was maltose and the optimal nitrogen source was soybean peptone. The most suitable carbon nitrogen ratio was about 30:1 and the optimal growth factor was vitamin B6; the optimal temperature and pH were found to be 20℃ and 6.0, respectively. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of L. decastes.

  The Application of Phylogenetic Analysis on Selection New Clones of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ 2012, 28 (28):  153-157.  Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 801534KB )   ( 928 ) The research analyzed the ‘Cabernet Gernischts’ with typical differences collected in Yantai and the surrounding areas and testifies the genetic relation between ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’, providing supporting theoretical evidence for the screening of the excellent vinifera clones. By adopting RAPD and PCR technology as well as analyzing the genetic varieties of 8 ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ clones and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’, it can be concluded that there is no discrepancy among E-03, E-04, E-06, E-07and E-08; while difference existed in E-01, E-02 and E-05 to some extent. All clones of ‘Cabernet Gernischts’ were similar to those of ‘Cabernet Franc’, but more different from ‘Caberner Sauvignon’. The screening of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ can be narrowed down to 4 clones.

  Cloning and expression analysis of miR394a under iron deficiency in Malus xiaojinensis 2012, 28 (28):  158-162.  Abstract + ( 835 )   PDF ( 1054731KB )   ( 729 ) In order to study the miRNAs information and miRNA expressions under iron-deficiency stress of Fe-efficient plant Malus xiaojinensis, to further understand the iron deficiency molecules regulatory mechanism of the Malus xiaojinensis. In this study, miR394a was isolated from total RNA of Malus xiaojinensis which was extracted by the modified CTAB method as a template. miR394a expression pattern was detection by real-time PCR and the target genes and their functions of miR394a were also predicted through the bioinformatics methods. The miR394a was highly conservative which had high homology with other species. miR394a was expressed both in root and leaf under iron deficiency, but the express pattern not the same. miR394 had a quick response in roots, its up regulation was detected after one day of iron deficiency. It had a relatively slow response in leaves, whose up-regulation was detected after three days of iron deficiency. miR394a target genes prediction showed that miR394a was mainly regulation the transcription factors and genes which were participated in metabolic pathways. The results showed that miR394a was induced by iron deficiency stress and played an important role in iron deficiency regulation for involved in the iron deficiency regulatory pathways of Malus xiaojinensis.

  Comparison of different surface disinfection methods for the isolation of the endophytes in walnut leaves 2012, 28 (28):  163-168.  Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 821416KB )   ( 1062 ) Abstract：【OBJECTIVE】The surface disinfection is one of the critical steps during isolating the plant endophytes. The purpose of this article was to analyze and compare the affection of disinfection to the species and quantity of the endophytes isolated from walnut leaves. 【METHOD】The fungi were identified by the tissue isolation，the bacteria were identified by the dilution method.【RESULTS】The results indicated that the immersing 30S in 0.3% ClO2 was the best for isolating endophytic in walnut leaves, namely, five genera fungi and eleven species bacteria (including one actinobacteria) was isolated by ClO2, Three genera fungi and three species bacteria were isolated by NaClO, Three genera fungi and one specie bacteria were isolated by HgCl. 【CONCLUSION】This study also indicated that different disinfectants would isolate different endophytic groups. Anyone can not instead of others.

  Study on Ozone Infection Techniques of Winter-jujube Fruit 2012, 28 (28):  169-173.  Abstract + ( 979 )   PDF ( 709390KB )   ( 852 ) In order to explore the ozone infection techniques on fresh winter-jujube fruit effects, winter-jujube fruit as materials, the author studied on different ozone concentrations and different processing times and different packaging material effect for its preservation. VC content, hardness, soluble solids content and the number of fruit surface bacteria, good fruit rate were measured. It was found that ozone treatment could inhibit the decay of winter-jujube, delay VC content, hardness and soluble solids decreased. The results showed that ozone treatment on winter-jujube had a role, and the optimal ozone concentration 40 mg/m3 and fresh time for 120 days processing times and packaging materials on winter-jujube little effect.

  Study on the Extraction, Stability and Antioxidational Effects of the Enzymatic Browning Product in Dimocarpus Longan Pericarp 2012, 28 (28):  174-181.  Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 962555KB )   ( 790 ) In order to study the extraction, stability and antioxidational effects of the enzymatic browning product in Dimocarpus Longan pericarp, with the total anthraquinones content as evaluation indicator, single factor exploration was performed to find out ethanol concentration, the suitable temperature, ratio material to liquid, extraction time and extracting temperature, and then L9(34) orthogonal design was adopted to select out the best extracting conditions of bath reflux. The stability and antioxidational effects of the enzymatic browning product were investigated, the content as evaluation indicator was determined by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the best extracting conditions of the bath reflux were that 70% of ethanol concentration, 8 h of extraction time, 1:2 of ratio material to liquid, 40℃ of extracting temperature of the enzymatic browning product was good in temperature, but poor under light expecially under ultraviolet radiation, better in a acidic condition than in alkalic and neutral condition, poor respectively in four kinds of food additive. The scavenging activities of the enzymatic browning product were 74.1% for the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH?) in vitro, when the concentration of the extracts was 9.55 μg/mL. The scavenging activities of the enzymatic browning product were 81.6% for hydroxyl radical (?OH), when the concentration was 4.55 μg/mL. The scavenging activities were 86.1% for superoxide anion radicals (?O2-), when the concentration was 6.70 μg/mL. The enzymatic browning product could be extracted by the bath reflux. The factor of temperature didn’t affect the stability of the enzymatic browning product, but other factors of light, pH, food additive affected the stability of the enzymatic browning product. The enzymatic browning product had the scavenging activities for DPPH?, ?OH and ?O2-.

  Effects of Chitosan Coating on Postharvest Quality and Physiology in Mango Fruit 2012, 28 (28):  182-187.  Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 889665KB )   ( 795 ) To study on the related physiological mechanism of maintaining the quality in mango by chitosan coating, the effects of 1.0% chitosan coating on postharvest quality and physiology of ‘Tainong No.1’ mango fruits were investigated during storage at ambient temperature (28-30℃). The results indicated that chitosan coating significantly reduced the fruit weight loss and decay index, delayed yellowing of pericarp, maintained higher fruit firmness, compared to control. Moreover, chitosan coating was effective in maintaining fruit quality, as it significantly delayed the descent of titratable acidity (TA) and the ascent of total soluble solids (TSS), and maintained higher vitamin C (Vc) content than control. Meanwhile, chitosan coating also enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and inhibited the accumulationof malondialdehyde (MDA) in the fruits during the later storage period. Therefore, chitosan coating reduced membrane-lipid peroxidation and delayed the ripening process of harvested mango fruits.

  The Effect of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Full Fruit Period Orchard Root Environment 2012, 28 (28):  188-191.  Abstract + ( 880 )   PDF ( 619498KB )   ( 875 ) In order to explored the response mechanism of controlled release fertilizer on apple root domain environment, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of controlled release fertilizer in fruit, the effect of controlled release fertilizer on full fruit period fruit orchard soil was studied, including orchard soil organic matter, pH and mineral elements contents such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn by the application of apple special controlled release fertilizer and common compound fertilizer with different CRFs content treatment. The results showed that, pH value and organic matter content were reduced by application of fertilizer, and the pH value of applying CRFs was higher that that of applying common compound fertilizer. The application of CRFs increased significantly contents of soil available nitrogen, Fe and Zn, but reduced contents of available phosphorus, potassium, exchangeable Ca, Mg, Mn and Cu. The application of CRFs was increased the utilization of soil N, reduced the loss of fertilizer on soil pollution and effectively improved the environment of the fruit root domain environment.

  Studies on Pollen Germination and Storage of Iris ensata Thunb. 2012, 28 (28):  192-197.  Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 5028390KB )   ( 785 ) The effect of different media on pollen germination of Iris ensata through orthogonal experiment, in other hand, the effects of storage condition, storage temperature and storage time on pollen germination were studied. The results showed that: (1)The optimum medium was sucrose 200 g/L +H3BO3 300 mg/L +CaCl2 200-300 mg/L, in which the rate of germination was 81.55%. (2) Dry conditions was suitable for pollen storage of Iris ensata, and the silica gel was the suitable desiccant. (3)The pollen viability decreased over time, but the viability decreased slowly with the falling of temperature, pollen stored at -196℃ for 270 days, its germination rate was 84.21%, which was not significant with fresh pollen.

  The Effect of Ethephon on the Content of Anthocyanin and Flavonoids in Anthurium andraeanum Spathe 2012, 28 (28):  198-202.  Abstract + ( 1021 )   PDF ( 780732KB )   ( 815 ) In order to study the effect and the control of ethylene on the coloration of Anthurium andraeanum Spathe, the content of anthocyanin and total flavonoid was detected at five different concentrations of ethephon treatment in Anthurium andraeanum Spathe by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with direct injection and gradual elution .The result showed that the anthocyanin of Anthurium andraeanum ‘Arizona’ was mainly composition of cyanidin-3-o-rutinoside chloride. The content of anthocyanin and total flavonoids was accumulated by ethephon induced and the concentration of 600 mg/L treatment was the optimal. The peak of the content of anthocyanins and total flavonoids was appeared in the expand period while the peak of control was appeared in flowering stage by the peaks were 3496.7581 μg/g and 5088.3177 μg/g, which was higher than the control peak by 56.9% and 59.0% respectively.

  Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene from Paphiopedilum orchid 2012, 28 (28):  203-210.  Abstract + ( 1529 )   PDF ( 2310942KB )   ( 1266 ) The aim of this study was to clone full-length cDNA of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene (DFR) from Paphiopedilum concolor Pfitz., to analyze the sequence characteristics and to investigate its expression in different tissues. The cDNA of DFR gene was cloned from flowers of P. concolor by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Its sequence characteristics were analyzed by bioinformatics tools and its expression levels in different tissues were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The obtained DFR gene was 1267 bp in full-length, containing a 5’-untranslated region (5’-UTR) of 10 bp, a 3’-UTR of 183 bp, and an opening reading frame (ORF) of 1074 bp encoding a 357 predicted amino acids residues. The DFR protein contained a conserved NADB_Rossmann superfamily domain, an NADP (H) binding domain and a substrate binding site domain. The DFR protein shared 75%-80% identities with DFR proteins of Oncidium Gower Ramsey, Dendrobium hybrid, and Cymbidium hybrid. Phylogenetic tree analysis clearly showed that the DFR protein was close to DFR proteins in orchidaceae plants. Expression analyses revealed that DFR showed different expression patterns in tissues examined. The transcripts of DFR were the highest levels in mature flowers and vegetative leaves, moderate levels in columns, bracts, sepals and petals, lower levels in ovaries than in lips, lowest levels in flower stems, and almost no detection in roots. Prokaryotic expression showed that recombinant plasmid was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3). DFR gene was firstly isolated and characterized from Paphiopedilum orchid, which may participate in regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis.

  The Effects of Plant Growth Retardants on Flowering of Phalaenopsis 2012, 28 (28):  211-215.  Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 572355KB )   ( 1031 ) In order to analysis the effects of different plant growth retardants (BAS、CCC、PP333) and concentrations on Phalaenopsis flowering, two varieties with high peduncle were selected as the research materials in this paper. The result showed that: (1)paclobutrazol (PP333) with different concentrations could reduce the height of Phalaenopsis peduncle effectively, 8-9 cm for the variety ‘Red Swan’ and 5-6 cm for the ‘New Red Dragon’. BAS and CCC had no significant effect on peduncle height. (2)Three kinds of plant growth retardants with different concentrations had inhibitive effect to the length and numbers of flower ‘Red Swan’, BAS and CCC were positive to the length of ‘New Red Dragon’. (3)The time of ‘New Red Dragon’ flowering were moved ahead after three varieties of plant growth retardants treatments, but for the variety of ‘Red Swan’, BAS delayed flowering after treatments. (4)Three kinds of plant growth retardants with different concentrations had no effect on flower diameter.

  Study on Sexual Generation and Propagation of Platycerium wallichii Hook 2012, 28 (28):  216-219.  Abstract + ( 891 )   PDF ( 622794KB )   ( 904 ) To keep and breed Platycerium wallichii Hook, this article used the method of indoor anemic cultivation and conventional breeding cultivation to culture spores. By researching the spores germination rate in different temperature and matrix, we observed the process of gametophyte development. The results indicated: The preference temperature of spore germination was about 24℃, the training matrix contained humus and river sand (volume than 1:1) with 92% germination rate. More sexual generation for dioecious, Sexual reproduction rate reached over 90%. Many factors constraint sexual generation such as temperature, light, humidity and pH. In this paper, the method of rejuvenation of young spore seedings was economic and feasible, also the effect was obvious. This method has provided detailed and based material for breeding and production.

  Establishment of TRAP Reaction System for Camellia sinensis and Optimization Using Orthogonal Design 2012, 28 (28):  220-226.  Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 2013381KB )   ( 581 ) TRAP markers is widely used for its simplicity, repeatability and high efficiency, however, the technology is scarcely used in the study of tea plant, and tea tree TRAP-PCR system optimization has not been reported. Orthogonal design was applied for optimizing five factors (Mg2+, Taq DNA polymerase, dNTP, fixed primer, arbitrary primer) in the TRAP-PCR amplification system at four levels respectively. The best level of each factor were selected, a suitable TRAP-PCR reaction system was established, namely 20 μL reaction system containing 2μL 10×PCR Buffer(Mg2+ free)，50 ng DNA，1.75 mmo/L Mg2+，0.50 U Taq DNA polymerase, 0.20 mmol/L dNTP, 0.20 mmol/L arbitrary primer and 0.2 mmol/L fixed primer. TRAP polymorphism was studied using sixteen tea germplasm.

  A Study of the Correlation between the Net Photosynthetic Rate and Catechins Components of Tea Plant leaves 2012, 28 (28):  227-233.  Abstract + ( 896 )   PDF ( 699453KB )   ( 647 ) The practical early appraisal technique was established in order to accelerate the breeding tea varieties with specific catechins components. In this study, tea plant varieties with high EGCG content and their artificial hybridization F1 were used as material. The non-linear regression forecast model based on functional networks and generalized linear models were applied, and on the basis of field observation net photosynthetic rate of tea plant, the net photosynthetic rate of tea plant leaves of different strains (varieties) was computed. Then the correlation between the tea plants leaves net photosynthetic rate and catechins components and matching of correlation was analyzed. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of tea plant leaves had positive correlation with the EC, GCG content, and negative correlation with C, ECG, EGC, EC, EGCG, simple catechins and total catechins. In particular, the negative correlation with the ester-catechins and total catechins was significant. Excluded the impact of the photosynthesis of light, temperature and other factors by the application of the above mentioned models, the tea plant photosynthetic capacity was reacted by the tea plant leaves net photosynthetic rate. The study results indicated that detecting net photosynthetic rate of tea plants provided a basis for early handy appraisal of new tea plant strains with specific catechins components.

  Appraisal and Evaluation on Biological Characteristics of “Ten Famous Cong” Germplasms of Wuyi Rock Tea 2012, 28 (28):  234-238.  Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 624447KB )   ( 1110 ) In order to ascertain the differences of biological characteristics of “Ten Famous Cong” germplasms of Wuyi rock tea, the plant characteristics, the new shoots characteristics, the leaf form and the flowers characteristics were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that the comprehensive characteristics of those germplasms were proved to be excellent, and the individual characteristics, such as the bud leaf color, the bud leaf lustre, the leaf tooth, the leaf tip, the leaf pastel, the corolla diameter and the petal count, had showed many differences. Among those germplasms, the spring tea picking period of ‘Tieluohan’, ‘Beidou’, ‘Bairuixiang’ and ‘Jinsuoshi’ were earlier, and that of ‘Dahongpao’, ‘Shuijingui’, ‘Baijiguan’, ‘Bantianyao’, ‘Jingui’ and ‘Baimudan’ were later. According to the result, “Ten Famous Cong” germplasms of Wuyi rock tea have great value to be applied.

  Callus and hairy root induction from Artemisia annua of Cultivated and wild type 2012, 28 (28):  239-244.  Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 1485733KB )   ( 723 ) In order to compare difference of hairy root and callus induction of the cultivated and wild type of Artemisia annua, with two types of Artemisia seeds as materials, induction southernwood seedlings in the MS medium without hormone, and root, stem and leaf of Artemisia annua were use induction callus in MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa C58C1, ATCC15834 and Accc10600 were used induction hair root. The results showed that the callus induction efficiency best by root of Artemisia annua, followed by the stem and leaf. Aeruginosa C58C1 and ATCC15834 respectively in Artemisia annua root and leaf induction rate of hair roots was 100% and 70%; Accc10600 strain could not be induced hairy roots in Artemisia leaves, but can induce root appeared the hair roots buds point. The study laid the foundation for production of artemisinin by bioreactor.

  The Research of Relations Between Soil Factors and Active Ingredient Content of Licorice in Different Regions in Gansu 2012, 28 (28):  245-249.  Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 592427KB )   ( 690 ) The correlation between soil factors and the quality of Licorice was studied, of which the leading affecting factor was also screened out. HPLC method was applied to the determination of the content of six active ingredients from different origins in Gansu. Physico-chemical analysis was applied for determining soil factor, including organic matter, pH, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium. The application of correlation analysis and grey relational analysis was made to complicate a comprehensive analysis. The results showed that correlation coefficient of glycyrrhizin and available phosphorus was 0.519*; glycyrrhetinic acid and ammonium nitrogen was -0.411*. Available potassium, ammonium nitrogen and pH played the most important roles in the synthesis and metabolism of flavonoids in licorice. Therefore, special attentions should be paid to the effects of N-, K and PH conditions on the quality of radix in the choice of soil and fertilization.

  Effect of Different Organic Fertilizer Application Levels on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Utilization of Tomatoes in Organic Cultivation 2012, 28 (28):  250-254.  Abstract + ( 929 )   PDF ( 662401KB )   ( 765 ) Field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different 4 organic fertilization rate on yield, quality and nitrogen utilization of tomato in the Bejing suburb. The 4 treatments were JF0, JF1, JF2 and JF3 with the chicken manure application rate being 0, 52.5, 105, 210 kg/hm2 respectively. Results showed that there was no significant difference on plant height and chlorophyll contrast with 4 treatments. The yield of JF1 and JF2 treatments were significantly increased by 6.0%-6.9% compared with JF0 and JF4 treatments; The nitrogen use efficiency of JF1, JF2 and JF3 were 4.39%, 1.55% and 0.33% respectively, and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency were 9.52 kg/kg, 4.49 kg/kg and -0.19 kg/kg correspondingly. Nitrogen distribution proportion in fruit of JF1 was significantly higher than other fertilizer treatments. The content of Vc, soluble sugar and total acidity of early fruits were increased by 49.3%-70.8%, 36.5%-46.0% and 35.1%-68.3% compared with full fruits, while the content of nitrate was decreased by 64.3%-78.6% correspondingly. Therefore, low fertilization with 52.5 t/hm2 can not only get high yield, but also improve nitrogen use efficiency.

  Fungus Chaff Study on Cultivation Technology of Hohenbuehelia serotina 2012, 28 (28):  255-259.  Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 654228KB )   ( 717 ) In order to solve the problem that so much waste materials of Auricularia auricula is not effectively used in Heilongjiang Province, we actively explored new technologies for Hohenbuehelia serotina cultivation, with the traditional formula CK cultivated species as control, 12% germ bran in place of chips designed for concentration gradient gradually 6 cultivar formula, equal growth of inoculated seed, bacteria and mushrooms were cultivated under the same conditions. By determination of pleurotus citrinopileatus mycelium growth potential, full bag, primordia formation time, conditions, fruiting of pleurotus and conversion efficiency of biological growth method, examined the effects of different concentration of germ bran in cultivation mushroom growth cycles, biological effects of efficiency and quality. Results indicated that, when the cultivated species composition contains 36% fungus chaff, 44% sawdust, 17% wheat middlings, 1% soybean flour, 1% corn flour and 1% calcium carbonate, Hohenbuehelia serotina grew well. Hyphae grew thick and strong, biological conversion efficiency of 81.96%, 1.74% higher than the control, experiment proved that a fungus germ bran cultivated mushroom was feasible.

  Allelopathic Effect of Extracts from Peach Tree Roots on Growth of Maotao 2012, 28 (28):  260-264.  Abstract + ( 1023 )   PDF ( 747191KB )   ( 680 ) In order to study the self-allelopathy and the mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle, using distilled water as extracting agent, allelopathic effect of extracts in different concentrations of peach tree roots on growth of Maotao seedlings (Prunus persica L. Batsch) was studied. The results showed that leaf area, length, width, circumference, length/width ratio, height, trunk girth, maximum root length, shoot fresh and dry weight were promoted in lower concentration and inhibited in higher concentration. The inhibition was gradually strengthened with increasing concentrations when extracts concentrations were higher than 1:20 (mass proportion between root and water). However, the inhibition on root fresh and dry weight gradually increased with increasing concentrations. The treatment with specific leaf weight of 1:5 was higher than other treatments by the end of the experiment. Self-allelopathy was obvious when Maotao seedlings were irrigated with high-concentration extracts which led to retarded growth rate and disturbance of growth.

  Space Analysis and Land Suitability Comprehensive Evaluation of Pollution-free Tea Plantation——Case Study of Guiding County, Guizhou Province 2012, 28 (28):  265-272.  Abstract + ( 840 )   PDF ( 9705819KB )   ( 593 ) For investigating tea plantation resources advantage of Guizhou mountainous area and layout reasonably pollution-free tea plantation area. Guiding County of Guizhou Province was selected as the study example, according to NY 5020-2001 tea planting environmental conditions of pollution-free food, issued by the ministry of agriculture, combined with this key data of land use data, remote sensing data, soil data, temperature, precipitation, light, DEM, the author used the spatial analysis and statistical method of GIS to establish the comprehensive evaluation index system of pollution-free tea garden, and build the appropriate and comprehensive evaluation model of tea plantation land. The results showed the area of tea-suitable planting garden was 1265 km2, accounted for 77.57% of the entire study area; the pollution-free tea plantation area covered 1232.51 km2, accounted for 75.57% of the total land area, which were met for the soil quality, climate and terrain conditions; the area of 128.71 km2, accounted for 7.89% of the total land area, were most suitable for pollution-free tea plantation. The above research can provide the scientific basis and assisted decision support for the implementation of the tea growing industry standard in specific regions, also bring reference to other regions of tea cultivation comprehensive assessment.

  The Effect of Different Cultivation Technology on the Soil Nutrient of Yunnan’s Ancient Tea Plantation 2012, 28 (28):  273-279.  Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 674811KB )   ( 687 ) The complex structure community and environment of ancient tea plantation, what make the fertility of soil can be better self-sustained, but as the growing economic value, the ancient tea plantation was jammed more and more intensive, which has affected the nutrition environment of tea. By setting up four different comprehensive measures (A, B, C, D) of processing, studying the effect of different processes on the soil nutrient of 0 to 40 cm of soil layer of ancient tea plantation. The results showed that processing B, D increased the content of pH value, organic matter, effective C, effective M of soil. The processing B, D, C could increase the content of alkalytic N, rapidly-available P, available S, Fe, Zn and available Cu of soil. The processing B could maintain the content of available K of soil of ancient tea plantation. The correlation analysis of soil nutrient of ancient tea plantation: rapidly-available P had positive relationship with organic matter and alkalytic N. Available S had positive relationship with alkalytic N. Effective C had positive relationship with pH value. Effective M had positive relationship with pH value and effective C. Available Zn had positive relationship with alkalytic N. Rapid-available P and effective C. Available Mn had positive relationship with available K.

  Ecological Suitability Evaluation of Flue-cured Tobacco in Dali Prefecture of Yunnan Province 2012, 28 (28):  280-285.  Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 714187KB )   ( 699 ) In order to clear appropriate tobacco planting design in Dali areas, ecological suitability was analyzed based on fuzzy evaluation of the screened key ecology factors. The results showed that ecological suitability contribution of different ecological factors were temperature of harvest phase (17.5%)>soil organic contents (16.2%)> temperature of tobacco growth phase (14.5%)> rainfall of harvest phase (12.3%)> rainfall of tobacco growth phase (11.7%)>soil texture (11.0%)> pH (10.6%)> available chlorine of soil (6.2%)> available soil thickness (0%). Twelve planting tobacco counties were divided into three ranks. The first was Weishan, Nanjian, Midu, Binchuan, Yunlong, Yangbi, Yongping, the second was Eryuan, Xiangyun, and the third was Dali, Jianchuan and Heqing.

  Wild Edible Fungus Resources of Chengde Plateau 2012, 28 (28):  286-289.  Abstract + ( 826 )   PDF ( 586172KB )   ( 960 ) In order to promote the development and protection of wild edible resources in Chengde Plateau, especially wild commercial fungus, from 2007 to 2010, the author studied wild edible mushrooms which were collected from forests of pine in Chengde Plateau and adjacent regions. In total, 102 taxa belonging to 31 genera of 16 families were identified, among which 15 taxa in 4 genera of 6 families were commercial mushrooms traded in the local markets. The results showed that, with the implementation of measures including grazing ban, logging ban, returning farmland to forest and so on in Sanhanba, ecological environment was gradually improved. The diversity of wild edible mushrooms from pine had a overall upward trend, while the variety and quantity of wild commercial fungi appeared a decline, especially the Lepista caespitosa had reached the edge of endangered species. It was appealed for taking some effective exploitation and conservation measures.

  Population Dynamics and Dispersal of Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Zhang linfeng 2012, 28 (28):  290-296.  Abstract + ( 796 )   PDF ( 926432KB )   ( 721 ) he Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), was an important medium pest spreading the devastating citrus disease knew as huanglongbing (HLB). In order to know its filed occurrence and dispersal, its filed population dynamics and dispersal was monitored by the condition that the insect could not survive in the north in winter and spread in spring in Lechang of Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2011. The results showed that: there was a small amount of the adult population in the central and south of Lechang in winter. It started laying eggs in late-March, and then its population developing fast from June to October. The adult populations reached the peak in mid-November. A few adults were firstly monitored dispersal to north for 5 km in early May, and then dispersal to north again for 2.5 km in mid-June, but the number of dispersal adults was not too much. Correlation analysis showed that its population density was significantly positive correlation with filed air temperature and flush shoots but no correlation with the relative humidity. Its field dispersal was significantly positive correlation with filed daily air temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature, but no correlation with daily relative humidity or daily wind.

  Analysis of Quality of Big Plant Tea (Crude Green Tea) of Seven Areas in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan 2012, 28 (28):  297-303.  Abstract + ( 1029 )   PDF ( 689694KB )   ( 736 ) In order to know and use preferably big plant tea in Xishuangbanna and provide the theoretical basis of scientific in the big plant tea research. In the spring, summer and autumn, the biochemical composition of big plant tea (crude green tea) of seven areas in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan was determined by spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatographic method. Its quality factor was assessed by the method of organoleptic evaluation. The results showed that contain substances of big plant tea of seven areas were very rich in the spring, summer and autumn; in the same season, water extracts, polyphenols, soluble sugar content had significant differences. HPLC analysis found that the composition of amino acids and catechin had no significant differences, the theanine accounted for 50% of the total, esterified catechins accounted for more than 60% of the total. The amino acids and soluble sugar content of Sanmai big plant tea was higher. Tea polyphenols and catechins of summer and autumn tea was higher than spring tea; amino acids of spring tea was higher than autumn and summer tea; soluble sugar content and caffeine of spring tea was higher than summer and autumn tea. The organoleptic evaluation showed that the quality of big plant tea (crude green tea) of seven areas were well in the liquid color, aroma, flavour and infused leaves.

  Progress of the Research about the Impact of Plant Environment on Human Health 2012, 28 (28):  304-308.  Abstract + ( 786 )   PDF ( 545474KB )   ( 842 ) Plant environment is very important to human health. Both healing garden and horticultural therapy are based on plant environment to promote human health. That is, people’s health can be improved by looking at plant environment or by enjoying the physiological and ecological functions of plants, etc. This paper described the concept of healing garden, horticultural therapy and health, analyzed the relationship between healing garden and horticultural therapy, and reviewed some researches about the relationship between plant environment and human health at home and abroad. The writer gave out some suggestions to improve the research status in China. They were: (1) to pay attention to studying on the impact of plant environment on human health; (2) to build healing garden more positively; (3) to be innovative and construct healing garden with Chinese characteristics.

  Quantitative Study on Canopy Structure of Typical Landscape Plant Communities in Chengdu City 2012, 28 (28):  309-316.  Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 788391KB )   ( 735 ) In order to quantitatively evaluate the canopy structure of urban garden plant community, a study on canopy structure of typical landscape plant communities in Chengdu was conducted by using WinScanopy for Hemispherical Image Analysis. The results showed that there was significant difference on the canopy structure of plant communities among all sample plots. The range of LAI, general porosity, total opening and canopy density were 0.07-2.61, 13.61%-95.81%, 14.32%-88.3% and 11.71%-85.68%, respectively. The distribution pattern of average leaf angle changed from acute angle (14.76°) to close to right angle (82.44°). The results would contribute to the quantitative evaluation on the spatial structure of urban garden plant community and provide scientific basis for the community collocation and landscape design in urban garden plant community.