Current issue

• 2010 Vol.26 No.4 Published:20 February 2010

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  Chicken NYGGF4 Homologous Gene Cloning and Expression Analysis 2010, 26 (4):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1316 )   PDF ( 1452224KB )   ( 1086 ) Mouse and human NYGGF4 is a novel gene, which involves in regulation of adipose precursor cells proliferation and may be related to occurrence and development of obesity. In this study, full-length coding sequence of chicken NYGGF4 homologous gene was gained for the first time. Genetic homology and protein functions of chicken NYGGF4 homologous gene were predicted using bioinformatics methods, and tissue expression pattern was also analyzed using Semi-quantitative RT-PCR technology. The results show that chicken NYGGF4 homologous gene full-length coding sequence is 654nt, and evolution is conservative. In chicken, the gene expresses in a variety of organizations and possesses a phosphotyrosine interacting domain(PID).Encoding PID proteins widely involve in physiological processes, such as neural development, immune, organizational balance and cell growth, which indicates chicken NYGGF4 homologous gene is a novel gene that maybe possesses multiple functions.

  Research on the Development Trend of Animal Identification and its Application in the Culturet of Livestock and Poultry 2010, 26 (4):  6-10.  Abstract + ( 1294 )   PDF ( 1134806KB )   ( 1131 ) In view of the evolution of animal identification and its application in Livestock and poultry breeding, precision culture, epidemic prevention, secure production and international trade, the paper summarizes its development restriction and trend. Based on this, the article puts forward measures and proposals on the further application of animal identification in the culture of livestock and poultry from tow aspects of technology and management.

  Prediction of the B cell/Th cell epitopes on HA of avian in fluenza virus (H7N7) and preliminary evaluation 2010, 26 (4):  11-14.  Abstract + ( 1283 )   PDF ( 1132945KB )   ( 1401 ) Abstract Objective To predict B/Th cell epitopes on Hemagglutinin(HA) of avian influenza virus (H7N7) and evaluate antigenicity of the candidate epitopes.Methods The HA amino acid sequences of AIV(H7N7) which were prevalent recently ,were downloaded from GeneBank. The Th/B cell epitopes were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics methods.Then ,antigenicity of the candidate epitopes was identified by AIV (H7)positive serum samples.Results Five B/Th cell epitopes containing HA were acquired.HA165~178，HA180~193，HA241~255 epitopes which were analyzed by indirect ELISA method were on a relatively conserved domain,and a deal of AIV(H7N7) contained the sequences.Moreover,the candidate epitopes were showed with a distinct antibody combining reactivity with the H7 HA positive serum,which inferred the predicted epitopes to be functional ones.Conclusion The selected epitopes are able to be functional HA B/Th cell epitopes of AIV(H7N7) .Our study also establishes the foundations for the recognition of AIV (H7N7) functional epitopes and the development of epitope vaccines.

  Effects of Two Chromium Sources on Production and Slaughter Performance in Heat Stressed Broilers 2010, 26 (4):  15-18.  Abstract + ( 1610 )   PDF ( 1215455KB )   ( 1189 ) 【OBJECTIVE】The experiment was conducted to study the effect of two different chromium sources (CrY and CrNic) on production and slaughter performance in heat stressed broilers.【METHOD】One hundred and eighty Arbor Acres (AA) broilers at the age of 15day were selected and divided into three treatments with six replicates of ten chicks in each replicate. Three treatments were supplemented 0(control group)、3 mg/kg chromium (CrY) and 3 mg/kg chromium (CrNic). The experiment lasted four weeks.【RESULTS】It was concluded that supplemental Cr 3.0 mg/kg influenced significantly on daily gain, feed consumption, feed/gain of 15~28、29~42 day(P<0.05 ). On the 28th and 42th day, 18 broilers in each group were selected randomly and slaughtered, and the slaughter performances were determined. The results showed that CrY or CrNic did not influence significantly on dressing percentage, percentage of semi-eviscerated yield and eviscerated yield at 28 d (P>0.05), but the abdominal fat percentage of experimental groups were lower than the control group significantly (P<0.05). At 42 day, the experimental groups did not influence significantly on percentage of semi-eviscerated yield and eviscerated yield(P>0.05), but the abdominal fat percentage of experimental groups were lower than the control group significantly(P<0.05), and dressing percentage were higher than control group significantly(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between experimental groups (P>0.05).【CONCLUSION】It was concluded that the CrY and the CrNic could improve the production and slaughter performance of the heat stressed broilers, but it was no significant difference between the two chromium sources.

  RAPD Analysis on genetic diversity in Gastrodia elata 2010, 26 (4):  19-24.  Abstract + ( 1269 )   PDF ( 1482628KB )   ( 1180 ) By the methods of RAPD analysis, this thesis presents the experimental results on plant morphological variations and genetic diversity of G. elata population in Yunnan Province of China, so as to provide more research basic data and scientific knowledge for the germplasmic resource exploration and breeding. Gastrodia elata sample DNA are extracted by the method of modified CTAB. Filter out the good repeatability 10 random primers were amplified by RAPD analysis to establish patterns. Cluster analysis showed that: cultivated population Ukrainian Gastrodia is a highly mixed group，Although the individual's phenotype is basically the same, but the composition of genetic material point of view, inconsistent genotype. Research have shown that Gastrodia is a hybrid group with a rich genetic diversity. The richest Ukrainian Gastrodia is variation complex.

  Research Progresses and application on the Tissue Culture of Tea Plant 2010, 26 (4):  25-29.  Abstract + ( 1604 )   PDF ( 1145931KB )   ( 1596 ) Research Progresses and application on the Tissue Culture of Tea Plant YAN Sheng-mei，ZHAN Ju （ Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Yunnan Menghai 666200） Abstract: Tea plant is an arbor , research development on tissue culture of tea plant is slower compared with herb.This paper summarized the research progresses on tissue culture of tea plant, and which applied on rapid propagation, synthetic seeds，assistant breeding，germplasm reserve，and hypo-metabolize production，The prospect on tissue culture of tea plant are also briefly discussed.

  Genomic DNA Extraction in Cassava by Modified CTAB Method 2010, 26 (4):  30-32.  Abstract + ( 1676 )   PDF ( 1245273KB )   ( 1810 ) Abstract: In this paper，genomic DNA extraction in cassava by modified CTAB method，the extracted products had the clear band and without tailing bands which could be observed through agar gel electrophoresis. The results show that the concentrations were between 710.0 ng/μl～967.5 ng/μl，and the values of OD260/OD280 were between 1.73～1.92. The modified CTAB method had characteristics of simple、rapid and effective，the genomic DNA extracted had high quality and purity，it could be used for SSR、 ISSR and other molecular markers.

  Tissue culture of Andrographis paniculata (Burm．f．)Nees 2010, 26 (4):  33-36.  Abstract + ( 1712 )   PDF ( 1203723KB )   ( 1165 ) Abstract: Taking the stem with axillary buds as explants, the research is done on the effects on Andrographis paniculata that different types of culture medium affect the buds proliferation and different generations affect the growth of tube buds. Result indicates that the fittest type of culture medium for the growth of Andrographis paniculata is MS. The fittest type of culture medium for the growth of cluster buds is MS+KT1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L.The growth of tube buds within three generations is good. The fittest type of culture medium for root growth is 1/2MS+NAA1mg/L .

  Application Imagine of Ion-beam Bio-technique in the Genetic Improvement of Medical Plant 2010, 26 (4):  37-40.  Abstract + ( 1366 )   PDF ( 1100060KB )   ( 1603 ) This report briefly introduces the trait of Ion-beam bioengineering, and detailedly refers to the application imagine of Ion-beam as a new mutagens in the plant breeding improvement about medical plants.

  Description of Gene Chip in Bacterial Detection and its Application in Aquaculture 2010, 26 (4):  41-44.  Abstract + ( 1437 )   PDF ( 1138370KB )   ( 1275 ) Gene chip technology, as the tendency of the development of biologic high-technology, has been successfully applied in a great many researches, which plays a very important role especially in the disease diagnosis and identification of pathogenic microorganism. At present, many kinds of gene chips have been synthesized and applied in the research of bacterium at the gene level. On the basis of the introduction of the concept, classification and program mode of gene chip, this article describes the background of bacterial detection gene chips and the selected-application of different target genes in aquaculture, furthermore, it summaries the relative merits and problems encountered in its development.

  Correlation and Principle Components Analysis on the Agaricus blazei MURILL Vitamin Under the Condition of Exogenous Addition of Selenium 2010, 26 (4):  45-48.  Abstract + ( 1344 )   PDF ( 1119968KB )   ( 920 ) Abstract：The principal components analysis was adopted to investigate the vitamin efficiency of the Agaricus blazei MURILL under the condition of exogenous addition of Se. The results showed the VC was significant positive correlated with folacin and VB2; B5 was significant negative correlated with VB6 and VB1; VB1 and VB6, folacin and VB2 were significant positive correlated;others were not significant correlated. 3 main components which contributed the accumulative variance by 98.40% has been picked out from the 7 vitamin character indexes. According to the comprehensive function of each main component,the 3 main components could be explained respectively as the factor of VB5 and VC effect,the niacinamide effect and the folacin and VB2 effect. And the the equation of main components were as follows: y1=0.4112F1+ 0.4351F2-0.4057F3-0.3929F4+0.0270F5+ 0.4013F6+ 0.4013F7 y2=0.2931F1-0.2431F2+00.2940F3+0.3314F4+0.7175F5+0.2683F6+ 0.2683F7 y3=-0.1200F1-0.0483F2+0.3448F3+0.3341F4+-0.5962F5+0.4456F6+ 0.4456F7 The 40mg/Kg treatment had the highest principle components and integrate scores and it was the relatively suitable concentration.

  Study on extraction method of nucleic acid in Kalidium foliatum (Pall.) Moq. 2010, 26 (4):  49-52.  Abstract + ( 1375 )   PDF ( 1343529KB )   ( 1150 ) The soil salinization is an ecological problem in a world. Compared with improving the measure in traditional hydraulic engineering, unearthing creature potential of halophytes plays a significant role in creature improvement and effective usage of salty soil. The material used in this research is Kalidium foliatum (Pall.)Moq. in Chenopodiaceae. Extracting high-quality nucleic acid is basis and premise, is also basis of research on plant genetic engineering. So, the methods of nucleic acid extraction in Kalidium foliatum (Pall.) Moq. were study in the experiment, the result will lay the foundation for more in-depth study of salt-resistant mechanism，and will also provide useful experience and lessons for nucleic acid extraction of other plant.

  Effects of Fusarium toxins on morphology and structure of plant 2010, 26 (4):  53-56.  Abstract + ( 1389 )   PDF ( 1209097KB )   ( 1570 ) Fusarium toxin is non-host selective toxin which is produced by Fusarium, It may lead to plant wilting, root rot, ear rot and other diseases. This papper sums up the main types and mechanism of Fusarium toxin , Fusarium species to produce the toxins and major plant species infected by them. Effects of Fusarium toxins on the appearance of form, cells and cell structures, vascular and other parts of plants is also reviewed. Finally the prospect is provided for application of Fusarium toxin in study on pathogenesis of Fusarium and selection of resistant materials.

  Study of Magnolia Biondii Pamp Filter on Reducing the Harmful Constituents of Cigarette Smoking 2010, 26 (4):  57-60.  Abstract + ( 1564 )   PDF ( 1826483KB )   ( 1177 ) To study the effect of magnolia filter on reducing the harmful ingredients in cigarette smoking, Magnolia Biondii Pamp. filter tip cigarettes and the blank samples were analyzed. Cigarette smoke was trapped with the smoking machine and the total particulate matter of the mainstream smoke was collected, then the Magnolia Biondii Pamp. filter which contained particulate matter of the smoke was extracted with ultrasonic extraction system. After that, conventional composition of the smoke (nicotine, tar, water) was analysis and chemical composition of the smoke was analysis quantitatively and qualitatively by using the GC-MS. Compared with the blank sample, the magnolia compound filter tip cigarettes have the effect of lowering the content of nicotine, total particulate matter and tar, and the reduction rate was 8.14%, 12.62% and 14.54%. Also these cigarettes have an obvious effect on the retention of some of the harmful ingredients of cigarette smoke particularly the phenolic substances which are carcinogenic and cancer-promoting. Phenol, p-cresol, 4-ethylresorcinol and 2,2'-methylene bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol) reduced by 56.8%, 32.8%, 50% and 29.0% respectively. The results showed that cigarette filters added with Magnolia Biondii Pamp can effectively reduce the harmful components of the smoke and they are in line with the direction of "Chinese cigarettes" development.

  Application prospect of lactic acid bacteria in traditional Chinese 2010, 26 (4):  61-65.  Abstract + ( 1342 )   PDF ( 1165208KB )   ( 1610 ) The application of lactic acid bacteria on food industry has a long history. Those effections on bread fermentation has been developed such as good flavour, reducing antinutritional factors and prolonging guarantee period.It reviews the application on nutritional quality, health value and antibacterial substances of sourdough bread, whole grains and high fiber foods. Currently the research on starter culture of traditional mantou in China is still at the beginning stage. New product development which fermented with lactic acid bacteria and yeast to improve the taste texture and nutritional value will become the new research directions

  The effect of filling material type and mixing model on cigarette smoke 2010, 26 (4):  66-69.  Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 1151251KB )   ( 1110 ) The different filling material, including expanded stem, reconstituted sheet and expanded tobacco,was filled into cigarette to study the relation between mixed filling material and smoke indexs, the experment data was analysed with the method of correlation analysis, variance analysis and regression analysis.The correlation analysis result shows: when three types of filling material was used simultaneously, are notable influnce factors of tar, nicotine and puff,but the quanlity of reconstituted sheet and expanded tobacco are unnotable factors. variance analysis result shows: the mixing model of filling material is also unnotable factor.So three factors, the quanlity of expanded stem, total quanlity of filling material and cigarette weight, were selected to set forecasting model with themethod of regression analysis, acording to these model, the forecasting reeor of tar, nicotine and puff is about ±1.60mg/cig、±0.28 mg/cig、±1.66 mg/cig、±0.69puffs/cig。

  Discuss on the sustainable development of Puer tea 2010, 26 (4):  70-74.  Abstract + ( 1438 )   PDF ( 1135923KB )   ( 1207 ) This article analyzed the current status of Puer tea in Yunnan Province, It showed Yunnan tea production output and tea growing area in the country as a whole compared to the growth rate is relatively large; and stabilized the growth of tea, and explored the factors restraining the development of Yunnan Puer tea and put forward countermeasures for the sustainable development of Yunnan Puer tea provide as a gist

  Preliminary Study on The Changes of Restoring Abilities of Restoring Line of Three Lines Rice by Space Mutation 2010, 26 (4):  75-79.  Abstract + ( 1282 )   PDF ( 1248603KB )   ( 828 ) The dry seeds of rice were carried by recoverable satellite for space mutation,after recovery,the seeds were sowed on the earth and the character heredity and variation of their progenies were observed,the results indicated that the filled grain percent of test cross progenies, which come from 11 mutant lines of three lines restoring rice test with 6 three lines sterile rice of different types of cytoplasmic and genotype, had changed a great deal. The results by two factors variance analysis indicated that there existed significant difference among filled grain percent of test cross progenies of different mutant lines. The restoring abilities of restorer lines to sterile lines had changed to certain extent by space mutation and this change had two trends.At the same time, main economic and agronomic characters of test cross progenies changed to a certain extent,and some of these changes had significant difference with CK.All of these indicated that it is possible to breed new restorer lines by spaceflight breeding.

  Mitigative Effect of Exogenous Abscisic Acid on the Rice Seedling of Wuyunjing 7 and Kanto 194 to Copper Stress 2010, 26 (4):  80-84.  Abstract + ( 1451 )   PDF ( 1426335KB )   ( 956 ) Abstract：Effect of exogenous abscisic acid on the tolerance of copper in four-leaf-stage seedling of Wuyunjing 7 and Kanto 194 was studied. Results showed that with the increasing of the concentration of copper stress, chlorophyll content, the activity of CAT, and the content of soluble protein decreased. At the same time, the activity of SOD first increased and then decreased. However, the activity of POD, and permeability of cell membrane increased. Meanwhile, there were not obviously differences on the compositions of soluble protein. Therefore, using a certain concentration of exogenous abscisic acid to relieve the damage of copper stress can be considered in production practice.

  Application of Orthogonal Design in Experiments on Tissue Culture of Acanthopanax Senticosus 2010, 26 (4):  85-88.  Abstract + ( 1403 )   PDF ( 1117830KB )   ( 1073 ) Quadratic regressive orthogonal revolving design experiment was used to select optimum concentration of 6-BA and NAA in WPM medium for shoot propagation of Acanthopanax senticosus．The result showed that the most of shoots achieved by the 6-BA and NAA concentrations were in a rang of 0.72-1.28 mg?L-1 and 0.05-0.15 mg?L-1 respectively．The probability of the event was 95％．

  Study on Standardized Technology of In Vitro Propagation of Sequoia sempervirens (Larnb.) Endl. With Softwood 2010, 26 (4):  89-92.  Abstract + ( 1411 )   PDF ( 1661763KB )   ( 1126 ) Take two type(watching type and wooding type) of softwood as explant, by studying the plant regeneration and rooting condition , to establish standardized in vitro propagation technology system for Sequoia sempervirens (Larnb.) Endl. The result showed that Sequoia sempervirens (Larnb.) Endl is a kind of woody plant multiplication easily and the inorganic salt concentration is the key factor for its rooting; their optimal multiplication medium is MS + 6-BA 0.1mg/L + NAA 0.1mg/L + KT0.1 mg/L, and the best rooting medium is 1/4MS + NAA 0.4 mg/L, the watching type rooting better than the wooding type.

  Research Progress of Biotechnology on birch 2010, 26 (4):  93-98.  Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 1191308KB )   ( 1188 ) Birch (Betula Linn) is one of the most important industrial wood species. Technology of the tissue culture provides an efficient approach for the vegetative propagation of birch.The research progress in tissue culture of birch were briefly introduced in this paper, including callus and organ culture, and protoplast culture. This paper also reviewed the recent progress in secondary metabolites biosynthesis and gene transformation basic on birch tissue culture. Moreover, the problems existing in the present birch biotechnological research were discussed and the promising aspects for further research were evaluated in this review.

  Development of Water Saving Cropping System on Potato in Northwest Regions in China 2010, 26 (4):  99-103.  Abstract + ( 1466 )   PDF ( 1251097KB )   ( 1114 ) Potato is an important grain crop in northwest regions in China, and drought is one of the uppermost limiting factors in potato production. Based on the development trends of potato production of Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Qinghai and other provinces in northwest regions in the past 10 years, the paper had some analyses of reserves of water resources and the current situation of agricultural water in the area. Applications from the perspective of agricultural production, respectively towards engineering and facilities on water-saving technologies, agronomic water-saving technologies and structure-based water-saving technologies, the paper summarized the development of water saving cropping system on potato in northwest regions in China.

  Effect of different fertilizer treatments on rice yield ,grain quality and protein fraction content 2010, 26 (4):  104-108.  Abstract + ( 1416 )   PDF ( 1243074KB )   ( 1170 ) Effect of different fertilizer treatments on rice yield , quality ,amylogram properties and protein fraction content of rice grain are researched. under the field experiment for rice variety Jinyuan45. The result showed that rice yield applying 4 different fertilizer treatments was 20.42%-56.94% higher than that of control. The highest yield were obtained by applying the treatment Ⅱ；The treatment Ⅳ obtained the lowest yield.； The grain yield of the treatment Ⅲ and Ⅴ was lower than that of the treatment Ⅱ. The amylose content was significantly different and protein content was not significantly between different treatment. The highest breakdown, lowest setback and the best tasted value was obtained by applying the treatment Ⅳ,while the lowest breakdown, highest setback and the worst tasted value was obtained by applying the treatment Ⅱ. All four protein fractions had not significant correlation with the tasted value of rice grain, porlamin was negatively correlated with peak viscosity and final viscosity, glutenin was negatively correlated with peak viscosity, other protein fractions content had not significant correlation with all indexes of RVA profile. The treatment Ⅲ and Ⅴwere good methods of applying fertilizer because they both obtained higher yield and better eating quality.

  Research the mode of irrigation and fertilization about under-mulch-drip Irrigation in High-yield Cotton of North Xinjiang. 2010, 26 (4):  109-112.  Abstract + ( 1659 )   PDF ( 1099379KB )   ( 1185 ) Abstract: Research the influence of irrigation and fertilization on yield Cotton and trait of yield formation in High-yield Cotton of under-mulch-drip Irrigation at North Xinjiang by different years. The results indicated that the yield cotton increased step by step was related to planting measures, which were increasing planting density, deferring irrigation and fertilization, increasing quantity of K after florescence. Increasing the times of irrigation, reducing periods, time and quantity of irrigation in bud period to flowering and boll period; To make sure the times of irrigation and reducing the quantity of irrigation in boll period to spit wadding period. They can increase the moisture utilize efficiency of full procreate obviously, and can save produce cost effectively.

  Research on the Effect of Cell Wall Matter Components on the Tobacco Quality 2010, 26 (4):  113-116.  Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 1212877KB )   ( 1158 ) The cell wall matter components of B2F、C3F、X2F in flue-cured tobacco of high quality tobacco development zone “Jin Panxi”,including Pan Zhihua and Liang Shan were determined.The cell wall matter components and the quality of tobacco in Si Chuan province were evaluated and the partial correlation analysis of the obtained data was carried out. The results showed that: (1)the cell wall matter components of B2F、C3F、X2F in flue-cured tobacco in Si Chuan province didn’t appear remarkable. The contents of cell wall substance, total cellulose, lignin , pectin, hemicellulose and a-cellulose were in the ranges of 24%～35%,10%～16%,0.5%～4%,5%～9%,2%～5% and 5%～9% , respectively. (2)The total cell wall matter components in Si chuan province were negatively correlated with body significantly, tensile strength and the quality of smoke flavor, but positively correlated with equilibrium moisture content significantly. Total cellulose components of tobacco leaves were positively correlated with body significantly and thickness. The hemicellulose components of tobacco leaves were positively correlated with body significantly. The a- cellulose components of tobacco leaves were positively correlated with structure significantly, but positively correlated with body significantly.

  Effects of different Potassium Application on Senescence and Yield in Peanut 2010, 26 (4):  117-122.  Abstract + ( 1599 )   PDF ( 1296317KB )   ( 1078 ) Abstract：The effects of different potassium application on senescence and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogea) were studied to provide a basis for reasonable potassium application, delaying the senescence and increasing the yield of peanut. Field plot experiment was carried out to study the effects of different potassium application on senescence and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogea). The results showed that photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD)、peroxidase (POD)、catalase (CAT) activity and soluble protein content increased at the early growth stage of peanut, but decreased continuously at the late growth stage. In addition, malondiadehyde (MDA) content continually increased during the whole growth period. As potassium application increased from 0 to 150 kg/hm2, MDA content reduced significantly, the activities of SOD, POD, CAT enhanced， soluble protein content, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate promoted, which delayed the senescence and increased the yield of peanut. It can bring a negative effect when applying more than 150 kg/ hm2 potassium. All of these indicated that reasonable potassium application would be benefit to delay the senescence and increase the yield of peanut. It was suggested that about 150 kg/m2 was the more suitable rate of potassium application for the growth of peanut.

  Research progress for Resistance and tolerance mechanism of Castor 2010, 26 (4):  123-125.  Abstract + ( 1363 )   PDF ( 1037677KB )   ( 1318 ) Castor had presented a broad prospect because of its high economical values and ecological values. The stress resistanec and tolerance mechanism of castor under the tress originated from saline-alkaline, drought and flood and heavy metal, etc., were summarized. furthermore, prospects in future were put forward.

  Effect of different water and N supply on the yield, N uptake and water/N use efficiency of rice 2010, 26 (4):  126-131.  Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 1240832KB )   ( 1173 ) A field experiment was carried out with Ningjing 28 in direct irrigation zone by Yellow River in Ningxia from 05 to 06, to study the effects of 3 irrigation rate and 4 N rate on the yield, N uptake and water/N use efficiency of rice. The results indicated that both the grain yield and straw yield of two year rice was increased with N rate increasing under the same irrigation rate. N rate significantly influenced on the yield and N uptake of rice, but irrigation rate didn’t yet. Neither N rate or irrigation rate significantly influence on plant height, ear length, ear number per hectare and weight per 1000 seed of rice. Recovery efficiency of applied N of rice in 05 was ranged from 5.1% to 37.6%, that of in 06 was ranged from 14.1% to 25.0%. Under the same N rate, physiological efficiency of applied N of rice in 05 was increased with irrigation rate increasing, that of in 06 had the opposite tendency. Agronomy efficiency of applied N of two year rice was ranged from 8.3 to 19.3 kg/kg. Partial factor productivity from applied N of rice was decreased with N rate increasing under the same irrigation rate, but the difference among of treatments irrigation rate with the same N rate was not significant. Irrigated water use efficiency of rice was declined with irrigation rate increasing under the same N rate. Combination of the yield, N uptake and water/N use efficiency, the rational irrigation rate should be about 1.2×104 m3/hm2 and N rate about 240 kg/hm2 in the experiment.

  The reseach advance of the effect of humic acid to the soil and tobacco 2010, 26 (4):  132-136.  Abstract + ( 1370 )   PDF ( 1118985KB )   ( 1264 ) This article summary the effect of soil to plant tobacco and aspects of tobacco, it reveals that Humic acid could improve the characters of soil to plant tobacco and the quality of tobacco, at the same time, humic acid can work on the security and resistance of tobacco. On this basis to prospect the direction of future research, in order to provide a theoretical basis at humic acid in the production of tobacco.

  Effects of Different Fertilization Levels on the Quality of Greenhouse Cherry Tomato 2010, 26 (4):  137-141.  Abstract + ( 1442 )   PDF ( 1262522KB )   ( 1243 ) This paper studied the effects of different fertilization treatments on the fruit quality of greenhouse cherry tomato under facility cultivation conditions in south of China. The results were as follows: Under only applying inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers,Vc and nitrate content increased with the applied nitrogen amount,but reducing sugar and organic acid content increased first and decreased afterwards;application in proportion of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers was more beneficial to the Vc, reducing sugar ,organic acid increasing and nitrate decreasing of cherry tomato than only applying inorganic nitrogenous fertilizes; application in proportion of nitrogenous, phosphatic and potassic fertilizers and combining with applying bio-organic fertilizers was the best for Vc content increasing, especially, the effects was best under conditions of 40kg/667m2 applied nitrogen amount，2:1:1 nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium and 50kg/667m2 applied bio-organic fertilizer amount，the Vc content was highest, nitrate content was lowest and reducing sugar ,organic acid content showed a significant improvement.

  Effects of Nitrogen Amounts on yield and quality of Nicotiana tabacum L. CB-1 2010, 26 (4):  142-146.  Abstract + ( 1242 )   PDF ( 1247748KB )   ( 1053 ) Field experiments，chemical analysis and sensory test were carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on the aroma substances of flue-cured tobacco leaves. The results showed that，yield，chemical composition and sensory test results of flue—cured tobacco were influenced remarkably by different amount of nitrogen applied．Value of product，average price，rate of top quality leaves were higher under preferential amount of applied nitrogen．Nicotine content, total nitrogen and petroleum ether extracts content was increased，but total sugar content, reducing sugar content, the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine and total nitrogen to nicotine were reduced，as the increasing of the amount of applied nitrogen．Chemical composition and sensory test results were better with 58.5 kg/hm2 and 78 kg/hm2 of nitrogen applied．

  Application effects of biotype rice specific fertilizer in black soil 2010, 26 (4):  147-151.  Abstract + ( 1325 )   PDF ( 1251840KB )   ( 1154 ) Pot experiments were conducted to preliminary study the effects of biotype rice specific fertilizers in black soil. The results indicated that all biotype rice specific fertilizers could promote potassium absorption and increase plant biomass in all growth stages. Plant dry weights of using biotype rice specific fertilizers treatment are 4.3%-8.1% higher than chemical fertilizer treatments contain equal nutrient contents at heading stage. The content soil available nutrients at the later growth stage is also higher in biotype rice specific fertilizers treatment than that in chemical fertilizer treatments, indicating the better effects of biofertilizers. Compared with common fertilizer treatment, the using efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for biotype fertilizer I treatment increased 11.8%, 18.9% and 26.6%, respectively. The yield of biotype fertilizer I treatment is higher significantly than other treatments. The quality of biotype fertilizer I treatment rice better than other treatments, but didn’t reach notable leave.

  Effect of PAM on evaporation of water in alluvial soil 2010, 26 (4):  152-156.  Abstract + ( 1378 )   PDF ( 1265390KB )   ( 1001 ) One of the major reasons of low-yield crops is dissipation of surface soil water evaporation. PAM is one of the insurance agents, its a super-absorbent and water-retention capacity, which can inhibit the evaporation of soil evaporation, increasing soil evaporation, enhance soil water retention function, it plays an important role on the regulation of sandy soil evaporation. In this study, the alluvial soil collected from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region was chosen to figure out the effect of different doses and dosage forms of PAM on the water preserving capacity, so as to provide theoretical evidence for the spread and exploitation of PAM on the agricultural irrigation. The results showed that PAM could inhibit the evaporation of soil evaporation. Compared with the control, the accumulated evaporation of alluvial soil was decreased by 2.37%~12.45%; The difference between different doses of PAM was significant and 200mg/kg was the most prominent dose. PAM with the same molecular weight but different charge density was treated, the accumulated evaporation of alluvial soil was decreased by 7.34%~17.81%, while 40% was the most prominent dosage of alluvial soil, When PAM with the same charge density but different molecular weight was treated, the accumulated evaporation of alluvial soil was decreased by 12.25%~18.53%, while 10 million was the most prominent dosage.

  Effect of Cu Stress on Lactuca sativa L. Growth and Soil Enzymes Activities 2010, 26 (4):  157-161.  Abstract + ( 1573 )   PDF ( 1271557KB )   ( 1142 ) In order to study the effect of Cu stress on Lactuca sativa L. seedlings growth and four soil enzymes activities (urease, calatase, acid phosphatase and intertase), potential concentration ( 50, 300, 500, 800, 1200, 2000 mg/kg dried soil) effects of Cu stress on Lactuca sativa L. seedlings growth indexes and red soil enzymes activities were investigated under field-simulated condition. The results showed that contrasted with control (native soil); increasing of Cu concentration resulted in higher leaves injury rate. With the increasing of Cu concentration, vitality, fresh weight, plant height and average root length of Lactuca sativa L. seedlings decreased. Soil enzymes activities decreased with increasing degree of soil pollution by heavy metal Cu，especially acid phosphatase and urease activities were decreased significantly with increasing contamination. Correlative analysis indicated that both urease, calatase, acid phosphatase, intertase activities and fresh weight, plant height and average root length of Lactuca sativa L. had significantly or very significantly negative correlation with Cu stress. Four enzymes activities had significantly or very significantly positive correlation with Lactuca sativa L. seedlings’ physiological indexes. The activity of the four species of soil enzymes was closely related to concnetration of Cu, and hence could be used as indicator of the degree of Cu pollution in soil.

  Effect of foliar application of amino acid on yield and quality of flowering chinese cabbage 2010, 26 (4):  162-165.  Abstract + ( 1568 )   PDF ( 1242035KB )   ( 1260 ) A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar application of different content of glycin and alanine on yield and quality of flowering chinese cabbage. Five treatments were applied: no fertilizer (CK), foliar application of 200 mg/kg glycin (Gly2), 500 mg/kg glycin (Gly5), 200 mg/kg alanine (Ala2) and 500 mg/kg alanine (Ala5). Results show that foliar application of 200 mg/kg glycin and alanine can improve yield of flowering chinese cabbage. The content of soluble sugar was increased significantly when amino acid addition with effect of Gly2 was the best. However, no effect was found of amino acid on chlorophyll, VC decreased when foliar application of amino acid. Treatments with glycin could reduce the content of nitrate and oxalic acid significantly, decreased by 85.03% and 70.19%, respectively. While the content of nitrate with alanine treatments was reduced fewer and the content of oxalic acid increased significantly. The NR and GDH were increased significantly by foliar application of amino acid,but the effects of glycin was better than those of alanine. It was suggested that foliar application of amino acid, especially glycin, could improved the yield and quality of flowering chinese cabbage.

  Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Grain Yields and Component Factors 2010, 26 (4):  166-169.  Abstract + ( 1632 )   PDF ( 1243629KB )   ( 1163 ) Zhengzhou 450002 ;Agricultural Technique and Popularization Center in Huangchuan, Henan Xinyang 465150) Abstract:17-year-long-term fertilization experiments with 9 w heat varieties (Yumai 13, Zhengtaiyu1, Linfen 7203, Zhengzhou 941, Yumai 47, Zhengzhou 8998, Zhengmai 9023，Zhengmai 9694,Zheangmai9962) in Fluvo-aquic soil were conducted in research farm in Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The effects of different fertilzatiaon treatments on grain yield and yield components were studied. The results showed follows:（1）N and P were two crucial limited factors to grain yields and growth of wheat, however, K was not. (2)The grain yields,ears and Grains (per ear) of NP and NPK treatments were better than the other treatments significantly. (3)For the stability of grain yield, NPK>PK>NP>CK>N>NK. (4) Grain yields of NPK and NP treatments were positively related to number of ears and 1000-grain weight. Grain yields of NK and N treatments were positively related to all the three component factors. Grain yields of CK and PK treatments were only positively related to grains.

  Effect of Application Amount of Controlled-release Coated Urea by Kingenta on Peanut Yield and Apparent N Recovery Rates 2010, 26 (4):  170-173.  Abstract + ( 1372 )   PDF ( 1216413KB )   ( 1099 ) In 2008, field plot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of controlled-releases coated urea on peanut yield and apparent N recovery rates at peanut foundation seed farm, Feidong. The results showed that the application of CRUs in peanut could improve the yield significantly. In comparison with common urea, especially with the equal content of nitrogen, SPCU100% and PCU100% increased by 15.6%, 13.00% respectively, and the apparent N recovery rates was 51.14% and 54.92% respectively; SPCU70% and PCU70% increased by9.66%, 23.12% respectively, and the apparent N recovery rates was 48.36% and 60.87% respectively. Controlled-release coated urea by Kingenta had features such as efficiency, saving fertilizer, labor-saving. Application of CRUs significantly increased the apparent N recovery rates. In addition, CRUs by Kingenda also showed a beneficial result on the peanut quality. The effect of application was PCU70% in peanut.

  Studies on effect of potassium fertilizer application based organic fertilizer by long-term experimentation 2010, 26 (4):  174-177.  Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 1206319KB )   ( 1056 ) Abstract: A seven-year long-term experiment was conducted to study the effect of potassium fertilizer application on rice growth in yellow sandy land. The results showed that potassium application based on the use of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer plus organic fertilizer had a yield-increasing effect both on the early and the late rice. On the current fertilization rate, K supply capacity in the soil was difficult to improve by the single application of potassium fertilizer or organic fertilizer. Mixed application of organic and inorganic fertilizer is an effective method to maintain and elevate the K level in the soil. During the rice growth period, the K content in the flooded layer increased with K application increasing, so the fertilizer-water management should be strengthened in the early stage to prevent the loss of K.

  Preliminary study on improving soil of old grape garden in plastic greenhouses with tea dregs organic and inorganic fertilizer including activity microbe. 2010, 26 (4):  178-181.  Abstract + ( 1409 )   PDF ( 1244239KB )   ( 1039 ) It was used to improved soil for culture of the old grapes more than 10 years in plastic greenhouses with the tea dregs organic and inorganic fertilizer including activity microbe (simple name Tea dregs Fertilizer, TF, the same below). The results showed that the grape color up as early as 1-2 days than general fertilizer methods (as Check) with TF. There was a trends of reduce in diseases and pests, and improving in the appearance quality of grapes. The soluble solid of greenhouse grape was positively correlated with TF content and pulp hardness, viscosity was almost parabola correlated with TF contents. It can increase weight of grape ear and grains , and thus increase yields and income under the premise of ear number in grapes. It is the best amount of fertilizer using 2250kg/hm2 according to the production traits, quality traits and economic factors of the greenhouse grape.

  Dynamic Content、Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oil from Cinnamomum japonicum Leaves 2010, 26 (4):  182-188.  Abstract + ( 1572 )   PDF ( 1435179KB )   ( 1401 ) The essential oil of Cinnamomum japonicum leaves from different months was extracted by steam distillation，its content was in 0.25～0.6mL/100g and reached the high level until December.And then, the main components of the essential oil in December were identified as Spathulenol(13.522%),Caryophyllene(10.403%),Caryophyllene oxide(8.691%),3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol,.alpha.alpha.4-trimethyl-(8.293%) by GC-MS-DS,the strong antibacterial activities against Proteus vulgaris、Sarcina lutea、 Xanthomonas campestris、Erwinia carotorora were also proved.

  The Indentification of Introduced Tomato Varieties Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary in the Detched Sage Sequent and Varieties Selection 2010, 26 (4):  189-194.  Abstract + ( 1558 )   PDF ( 1413591KB )   ( 1019 ) Different varieties A5、A6、A8、A9、A10、7-1、20of the Russia 、Fugui (china)and naiyun2000 of the Japanese tomato were used as materials for the indentification of Tomato Phytophthora infestans(Mont.) De Bary in detched sage sequent and varieties selection. The results showed that:(1)The optimum spore concentration for inoculation was 1×103spores /mL; (2)The disease index of young seedlings was lower than that of the detached leaves;(3)The disease-resistance of Russia tomato variety naiyun 2000 is the best ,the disease-resistance of A9、20、7-1、A5 and A8 have the medium resistance,Fuigui and A6 have the lowest resistance.Therefor, varieties naiyun 2000 of the Japanese tomato and A9 of the Russia tomato may be used as the varieties of resistant Phytophthora infestans or parents of resistant Phytophthora infestans.

  The protoplast isolation and purification of Allium sativum L. 2010, 26 (4):  195-199.  Abstract + ( 1413 )   PDF ( 1753946KB )   ( 980 ) The conditions of isolation and purification of protoplast from somatic embryogenic cell suspension of Allium sativum L. were studied. The results showed that the optimum condition was obtained when using 2.0% Cellulase Onozuka R-10,0.2% Pectolgase,0.55 mol/L mannitol, 5mM MES for 5h. High yield and viability protoplasts were obtained when purified by centrifugation at 1000r/min for 5min.

  Studies on Browning Control in Tissue Culture of Acer×freemanii ‘Autumn Blaze’ 2010, 26 (4):  200-204.  Abstract + ( 1536 )   PDF ( 1384979KB )   ( 1088 ) The measures including different collecting time, adding antibrowning reagents and culturing in darkness were carried out in terms of severe browning phenomenon in the process of Acer×freemanii ‘Autumn Blaze’ tissue culture. The effects of three browning control measures were studied in the paper. The results were as follows: The browning rate increased with months changed; The antibrowning effects with AC and PVP showed extremely significant difference with contrast to that of Vc and Na2S2O3. The browning control effects of PVP with concentration of 2.0g/L was optimal; The browning rate presented higt-low-high tendency with the darkness time increased. Measures of collecting explants in April and May, inoculating on MS adding 2.0 g/L PVP, culturing under the light directly could control browning effectively.

  Relationship Between the Distribution of Light and Fruit Quality of Weeping Willow Shape of ‘Fuji’ 2010, 26 (4):  205-209.  Abstract + ( 1547 )   PDF ( 1308461KB )   ( 1177 ) Trees trained in weeping willow shape of ‘Fuji’ Apple were used for observing the effects of light distribution on the fruit layer and fruit quality. The method of division in canopy was used to study the distribution of relative light intensity, and shoots and leaves, and fruit quality in different layers and positions of canopy. The results showed that the distribution of relative light intensity in the canopy gradually descended from upper to lower layer, from outer to inner layer. But the differences in horizontal direction were not as obvious as in vertical direction. More 80% and less 30% of the relative light intensity was only 20.56%, which was lower than in other shapes. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, specific leaf weight of leaves, fruit quality and fruit coloration were positively correlated to relative light intensity. Mean fruit mass, water content, soluble solids, soluble sugar, solids-acid ratio, sugar-acid ratio, firmness and titratable acidity in different canopy layers had reached to 81.31%、2.25%、13.79%、36.69%、174.12%、230.04%、22.49% and 140.68%. They were all positively correlated to relative light intensity. The content of soluble solids and soluble sugar were up to 15.61% and 24.18% in weeping willow shape.

  Study on the Use of Function of Urban Parks ——Two Cases of Shijiazhuang ChanganPark And ShuishangPark 2010, 26 (4):  210-214.  Abstract + ( 1131 )   PDF ( 1372455KB )   ( 1046 ) Urban parks are beautiful city open space, with a wide range of function to meet the needs of people of leisure activities. The main concern of this paper is to address the importance of using function of urban parks. Some results of a survey conducted among visitors of urban parks in Shijiazhuang city are presented and discussed. The result shows that, it is necessary to increase the cultural content and content-rich activities of urban parks, to create a city park space for a wide range of activities and emphasize the function of the park district, to perfect and strengthen urban parks environment facilities and security.

  Inherit Analysis of Lycopene Estimated by Color Difference’s a/b of Tomato Fruit Surface 2010, 26 (4):  215-218.  Abstract + ( 1496 )   PDF ( 1254168KB )   ( 734 ) Abstract : Two cultivars significantly different in color difference’s a/b of fruit surface were used for the study of inheritance pattern of lycopene content in tomato fruit. Combination analysis of six generations proved that the most suitable hereditability models of lycopene estimated by color difference’s a/b of fruit surface was B_1_1，namely, the inheritance of this trait was dominated by two pairs of additive-dominance-epistasis major genes and the major genes hereditability in B1, B2 and F2 were 50.31％, 65.15％ and 32.77％.

  Study on Photosynthesis Characteristics of Guzmania 2010, 26 (4):  219-223.  Abstract + ( 1713 )   PDF ( 1648347KB )   ( 1202 ) Diurnal change of net photosynthetic rate and light response, CO2 response of two Guzmania varieties ‘Guzmania ‘Rana’’ and ‘Guzmania Denise’ were studied using LI-6400 Portable Photosynthesis System. The results showed that the diurnal change of net photosynthetic rate presented a double peak curve with Rana higher than Denise. The “midday depression” of Guzmania could be attributed to the high temperature and radiation, which caused the partly closure of stomato and inhibition of photosynthesis. Denise had higher light saturation point and light compensation point than Rana, however its apparent quantum efficiency and dark respiration rate were lower. The CO2 compensation point of Rana was close to that of Denise, while its CO2 saturation point was higher than Denise’s. The net photosynthetic rate of Rana at CO2 saturation point was higher than that of Denise significantly, whereas they had the same carboxylation efficiency. Finally a few of suggestions were put forward for arranging the commercial production based on the results of this research.

  Studies on effects of foliar fertilizer on the ornamental characteristics and Electrolyte leakage of Philodendron andreanum 2010, 26 (4):  224-227.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   PDF ( 1219934KB )   ( 1024 ) In this study, Philodendron andreanum leaves become yellow and green in winter, Ornamental Value reduced as background, Study of foliar fertilizer of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of new leaves and Ornamental leaves changes in leaf chlorophyll content and Electrolyte leakage. Experimental set N1 0.06%, N2 0.12%, N3 0.18%, N4 0.24% four different concentrations treatment, a comparison, three times repeated. The results show that, N2 and N3 treatment on leaf length and width increased significantly, chlorophyll content increased, Ornamental value of the best, N2 conductivity lower than the control treatment, N3 is higher than the comparison. The results showed that 0.12% and 0.18% concentration of foliar fertilizer of nitrogen fertilizer in improving Philodendron andreanum ornamental value and commodity value has a good effect.

  Study on Identification of Sex Determinationg in Asparagus officinalis 2010, 26 (4):  228-230.  Abstract + ( 1443 )   PDF ( 2440097KB )   ( 964 ) The leaves of the mature and immature Asparagus officinalis were treated respectively with chemical reagent. The sex of the mature was identified after 60 minutes. But the immature was not identified and the amount of precipitation was different.

  Advances in research of genetic transformation of apples with Agrobacterium 2010, 26 (4):  231-233.  Abstract + ( 1542 )   PDF ( 1106970KB )   ( 1082 ) Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was widely used in apple. The paper reviewed the factors that affected Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of apple. The current problems was still the low transformation efficiency and new methods should be put forward.

  Prevention And Control Effects Of Two Different Kinds Of Citrus Huanglongbing Integrated Theories about control on Citrus Psyllid And Huanglongbing 2010, 26 (4):  234-238.  Abstract + ( 1935 )   PDF ( 1349531KB )   ( 1081 ) In order to verify the prevention and control effects of two different kinds of citrus huanglongbing integrated control theories guidance on citrus psyllid and huanglongbing. large-scale comparative test was carried out in 2006-2008 in Liangfeng farms of Guilin. The results showed that citrus psylla was never been observed in citrus Huanglongbing integrated preventing areas which focus on controlling psylla. Three-year cumulative incidence rate is 1.71% and the annual average incidence rate is 0.57% in 8-year-old disease-free seedlings planting area, reduced by 19.41% and 6.47% to comparative areas respectively while three-year cumulative incidence rate is 1.35% and the annual average incidence rate is 0.45% in 6-year-old conventional grafting seedling planting area, respectively, reduced by 8.31% and 2.77% to the contrast area respectively. Citrus psyllid was observed in traditional huanglongbing integrated control areas (contrast area) every year. 3-year cumulative huanglongbing strain rate is as high as 21.12% and the average annual 7.04% in 8-year-old disease-free seedlings planting area. Three-year cumulative strain rate reached by 9.66%, with an annual 3.22% in 6-year-old conventional grafting seedling planting area .

  Pathogenecity Differentiation and Biological Character of Curvularia lunata under the host selection pressure 2010, 26 (4):  239-243.  Abstract + ( 1379 )   PDF ( 1447628KB )   ( 850 ) Abstract：Different host pressure of Curvularia lunata on temperature，pH carbon source， nitrogen source and light condition were studied and determined the pathogenicity heterogeneity to the strains of maize Curvularia．The results showed that there were obvious differences of pathogenicity among the different strains，and the different strains could produce different types of disease spots on the same differential host．There were differences of disease spots in their size， shape．That explained why there was distinct phenomenon of pathogenicity heterogeneity among the strains．The colony features optium carbon，nitrogen source and pH of different pathogenic type of Curvularia lunata were difference．

  Control Effects of Chloropicrin Soil Fumigation on Tobacco Soil-borne Diseases 2010, 26 (4):  244-248.  Abstract + ( 1600 )   PDF ( 1342337KB )   ( 1142 ) Abstract：Aiming at the status quo that tobacco fields rotation is difficult on large-scale and the difficulties in soil-borne diseases control, exploring new ways of tobacco field soil treatment, this paper studied the control effects of chloropicrin soil fumigation on weeds and soil-borne diseases. The author used 99.5% chloropicrin to fumigate soil by injection method，the results show that: (1) Different dosage chloropicrin seedbed fumigation have significant control effects on amaranth, purslane, cyperus, but on indica null and void. (2)Under the vaccinated conditions, after planting 98 days, the control effects on black shank range from 68.00％ to 84.29 ％and the control effects on root-knot range from 80.66％ to 92.49％ using different dosage chloropicrin soil fumigation. (3) Under field conditions, the control effects on black shank range from 75.16 ％ to 88.15％ after planting 104 days and the control effects on root-knot range from 53.60 ％ to 65.70 ％ after planting 165 days using different dosage chloropicrin soil fumigation and the performance of the biological characteristics of tobacco can be significantly improved at the same time. Therefore, chloropicrin soil fumigation is an effective solution to control soil-borne diseases of tobacco. Chloropicrin fumigation can not control Eleusine indica (L.) Gaerth is reported firstly.

  Biological characteristics and biological activity of Fusarium sp. obtained from leaf of Pyrethrum cinerariifolium Trev. 2010, 26 (4):  249-253.  Abstract + ( 1357 )   PDF ( 1312778KB )   ( 999 ) Abstract: An endophytic fungus found from the leaves of Pyrethrum cinerariifolium Trev. , was identified as Fusarium sp. based on its morphological and biological characteristics. The bioassay results show that the inhibition rates of 10 time diluted fermentation liquid of this strain against 6 pathogenic fungi including Glomerella cingulata，Botrytis cirerea，Exserohilum turcicum， et al. ranged from 80.4％～93.3％, and that of the 5 time diluted fermentation liquid against B. cirerea、E. turcicum and G. cingulata were more than 65%. The effect of environmental and nutritional factors on its growth and reproduction was remarkable.ⅰ) The temperature from 4 ℃ to 40 ℃ were suitable for mycelial growth, sporulations and germination. The optimum temperature was 30 ℃ for sporulation, the lethal temperature was 60℃ for 10 minutes. ⅱ) pH value ranged from 4.0 to 9.5 was favourable for mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination. The optimum pH was 7.5. ⅲ) As to nitrogen sources, the fungus utilized organic nitrogen very well. ⅳ) Taking D-xylose, sorbitol or mannitol as carbon source, with glycine, ammonium sulfate, beef extract or peptone as nitrogen source, the antifungal activity of the fungal fermenting liquid was comparatively high.

  Inducing Effect of JA on Wheat Powdery Mildew Resistance 2010, 26 (4):  254-257.  Abstract + ( 1271 )   PDF ( 1261499KB )   ( 1245 ) 【Objective】It is unclear that whether jasmonic acid is a signal molecule for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) powdery mildew resistance and how high the resistance can be induced. To address these problems, a study was done here. 【Method】Powdery mildew susceptible cultivars “Chinese Spring” and “Pumai 9” were used to study wheat powdery mildew resistance activated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The reaction types of powdery mildew were evaluated by detached leaf assay. 【Result】The results showed that MeJA application increased the powdery mildew resistances of “Chinese Spring” and “Pumai 9”. The powdery mildew resistance was associated with the concentration of MeJA and the interval between MeJA spraying and inoculation with Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. The activated powdery mildew resistance was undetectable when induced with MeJA of 100 μmol/L or 250 μmol/L, but it could be detected when the concentration reached to 500 μmol/L, and the resistance was significantly induced when above 1.0 mmol/L. The induced powdery mildew resistance could be detected from 12 h to 96 h after MeJA spraying, and the top value was at 24 h. 【Conclusion】This study indicated that phytohormone JA was a signal molecule in wheat powdery mildew resistance reaction.

  Investigations of the Color Variations of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) in Changchun Du Wenmei1, Chen Liling2, Ruan Changchun1, Sun Guangzhi1 2010, 26 (4):  258-266.  Abstract + ( 1830 )   PDF ( 1401761KB )   ( 1128 ) The color variations ofHarmonia axyridis (Pallas) were classified on 2559 individuals collected in October, 2008 in Changchun. In these ladybeetles, a total of 121 phenotypes were found, in which 7 phenotypes were not recorded previously. Succinea accounted for 86.48% in all specimens, in which 19-spot was most easily observed, accounting for 31.00% in the succinea. Melanic accounted for 13.52% in all specimens, in which conspicua was the most common phenotype, accounting for 39.02% in the melanic. Calculated the probabilities of spot in the succinea, the probabilities of No.3 spot is the most highest, the frequency of No 1/2 spot is the lowest. The differences of sexual ratio were remarkable in different phenotypes ofHarmonia axyridis , especially in the succinea

  Antifungal Activity of Ethanol Extract from Magnolia grandiflora 2010, 26 (4):  267-270.  Abstract + ( 1628 )   PDF ( 1331705KB )   ( 1006 ) In order to discover the agricultural activity and fungicidal ingredient in the leaves of Magnolia grandiflora Lima and provide scientific proofs of its exploitation and utilization, antifungal activity of the extracts from leaves of Magnolia grandiflora. Lima with ethanol and different solvents were studied. Using a mycelial growth method, the fungistasis of the extracts with ethanol against eight agricultural fungi were investigated in this study. The results showed that the extracts have strong antifungal activity against the tested pathogenic fungi. The inhibition rate of 81.4% and 52.1% with the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml, against Valsa mali and Alternaria brassicicola, respectively. With the concentration of 5.0 mg/ml, the inhibition rate of more than 50% against Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and Physalospora piricola nose. The EC50 of ethanol extracts against V.mali and Alternaria brassicicola were 0.04 mg/ml and 1.20 mg/ml. The ethanolic extract was fractionated using solvents of increasing polarity, the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction had stronger antifungal activities than that of extracts by solvents n-butanol and water. The EC50 of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction against V. mali was 0.03 mg/ml and 0.11 mg/ml, respectively. These indicated that most of the activity components were distributed in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction, and the n-hexane and ethyl acetate partition would be acted as the emphases in the further study.

  Effects of carbon source for glucomannan and so on for the growth of the soft rot pathogens in Amorphophallus konjac 2010, 26 (4):  271-273.  Abstract + ( 1513 )   PDF ( 1200324KB )   ( 944 ) Soft rot in Amorphophallus konjac was caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (E.c.c.) and Erwinia chrysanthemi (E.ch.). This study through the conventional plate count method knew that the effects for seven kinds of carbon sources (glucose, starch, glycerin, mannitol, sugar, glucomannan and maltose) on the growth of the two subspecies of soft rot bacteria in Amorphophallus konjac. The results showed that the two subspecies can be a very good use of sucrose, and there was no significant difference between growth in water and the growth medium in konjak glucomannan or starch, but the growth medium in glucose has not good water.

  Research on Mixture Inter-Planting of Different Rice Varieties to Control Rice Blast in Cold Region 2010, 26 (4):  274-276.  Abstract + ( 1549 )   PDF ( 1221335KB )   ( 861 ) With three rice varieties of different resistance to rice blast as the materials, study on mixture inter-planting of different rice varieties to control rice blast and effects on yield and quality of rice in cold region. The results showed that leaf blast and panicle-neck blast could be effectively suppressed under the condition of mixture inter-planting of different resistance to rice varieties in cold region. With the increase in the proportion of resistant rice varieties, the incidence of blast has decreased significantly. The inhibitory effect of different treatments on rice blast was -11.5%～-63.2%. Yields were increased by 1.5%～12.0% after mixture inter-planting of different resistance to rice varieties, and the appearance quality and cooking quality were increased slightly.

  Study on Acute Toxicity for Metal aluminum to Earthworms 2010, 26 (4):  277-282.  Abstract + ( 2161 )   PDF ( 1169048KB )   ( 1038 ) Aluminum is a highly cytotoxic metal to plants, but its ecotoxicity to invertebrates in neutral soils is still unknown. This study was to determine the acute toxicity of aluminum for earthworm in neutral soils by the techniques of contact filter paper test and artificial soil test from the international standard of OECD-guideline No.207. The results evidenced that aluminum appeared to be highly toxic, with LC50 values of 20-200 mg/l in contact filter paper test and 518.20 mg/kg in artificial soil test, respectively. The experiments indicated that acute toxicity of aluminum is more than cadmium in the contact filter paper test and artificial soil test, and it is even more than copper in the contact filter test at the same condition. Earthworms were sensitive to contaminated aluminum, especially their epidermis. Therefore， it is concluded that aluminum toxicity must be taken into account cautiously. Further studies will be required to evaluate the accumulation and biodegradation of aluminum for earthworms, nevertheless, more experimental design of chronic test will be adapted from this study.

  Effects on the weed community biodiversity in Tea Plantation with intercropping white clover and straw mulching 2010, 26 (4):  283-286.  Abstract + ( 1335 )   PDF ( 1236214KB )   ( 958 ) Abstract: Plot trial was carried to study the effects of intercropping white clover and straw mulching with different fertilization on weeds density, dominant weed species and weed biodiversity. The results showed that total weed density was low, dominant weed species were less important and the weed biodiversity was high after intercropping white clover and straw mulching. With different fertilization, the species , relative abundance of weeds and the diversity indices are changed,. It is due to the different amounts of available soil nutrients which maybe have different impacts on the growth of different weeds.

  Prospects for Applications of Phosphogypsum in Agriculture 2010, 26 (4):  287-294.  Abstract + ( 1388 )   PDF ( 1482574KB )   ( 1313 ) Phosphogypsum is a solid waste by-product from the processing of phosphate rock by fertilizer production and phosphoric acid production which polluted environment and occupied land. Nowadays, phosphogypsum is principally available in building materials, soil improvement and chemical production etc., however, there is only 30% of total content to be used for recycling. P, Mg, S, Fe, Si and other elements and Ca2 +, SO42-, are necessary for plant growth and soil improvement which are contained in phosphogypsum by previous studies, application of phosphogypsum can increase production of plant and improve level of soil environment, the role of it in agricultural production in many aspects of actual and potential applicable value. This paper expound the most lately research trends, which include agricultural production, soil improvement, biodegradable and security use of phosphogypsum and put forward the future of phosphogypsum application, some of the ideas are reasonable for application of phosphogypsum to support theoretical basis and practical reference.

  Research on the remediation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil by sudan grass 2010, 26 (4):  295-299.  Abstract + ( 1548 )   PDF ( 1249600KB )   ( 1014 ) By pot culture, Study on Removal Efficiency of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil by sudan grass, and the correlation between phenanthrene and pyrene residual quantity and the polyphenol oxidase and urease activity. The results showed that in the Philippines, pyrene removal, plant - micro-organisms joint repair play a major role on the removal of phenanthrene and pyrene, after 50d pot culture experiment, the removal rates respectively reached 68.9% and 71.24%; the correlation analysis on enzyme activity and phenanthrene and pyrene residue residual quantity concludes that when the enzyme activity is high, the Philippines and pyrene removal was also higher; cultivation of plants can increase the activity of microbial enzymes, thus enhance phenanthrene and pyrene removal rate, respectively higher than the non-plant processing 51.7%, and 55.54 %. The result shows that plant - microorganism combined bioremediation can be used as a primary means of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons remediation, and soil urease activity can also be used as a indicator of the soil phenanthrene and pyrene pollution eco-toxicological.

  Study on Comparison of Methods for Pitaya Total DNA Extraction 2010, 26 (4):  300-303.  Abstract + ( 1566 )   PDF ( 1400852KB )   ( 1339 ) Abstract: The tissues of Pitaya richly contain polysaccharide and other subsequent metabolizing substance, so it is difficult to extract DNA effectively. The study compares different methods for Pitaya DNA extraction on tender stem of Pitaya.. Then the purified DNA was detected through Eppendorf Biophotomete. The researches indicated that modified CTAB and micro-CTAB extraction methods were both suitable for extracting DNA of Pitaya, especially the latter. DNA purity gained by those two methods was available to the further molecular biology study.

  The Research of Agricultural Technology Extension Personnel Distance Training Based on Sakai Platform 2010, 26 (4):  304-309.  Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 1470387KB )   ( 853 ) The development of modern agriculture and the increase of agricultural income are largely depended on the technological level of agricultural extension personnel. Facing the needs of the agricultural technology extension personnel and after the analysis of existing training model， this paper brings forward the using of Sakai Platform to carry out distance training. This measure can solve the issues in training models， such as time and space constraints， limited scale， lacking of interaction and so on.

  Analyses of Rice Yield in China Based on the Projection of Yield Potential 2010, 26 (4):  310-313.  Abstract + ( 1468 )   PDF ( 1256551KB )   ( 1025 ) In this paper, maximum increase of rice yield in different times in China was analyzed from the following three aspects: the potential of light use efficiency, the tendency of yield variation in the past and yield potential by Chinese farming systems zoning based on AEZ model. Maximum increase of rice yield in different times in China was by 10% before 1977, by 9% before 1980, by 8% before 1986, by 7% before 1990, by 6% before 1996 and by 5% before 2003. Any rice cultivar whose yield increase by over above rate must be narrowly extended or untruly statistical, so does any cultivation of rice. The result is valuable to rice production in China.

  The Research Progress on Microsatellite Markers Related with important economic traits in aquaculture species 2010, 26 (4):  314-317.  Abstract + ( 1449 )   PDF ( 1228346KB )   ( 1223 ) In recent years , with the rapid development of modern molecular biology and statistic analysis methods, correlation analysis of important economic traits has been become a hot of molecular breeding in aquaculture species. In this paper, recent application of microsatellite marker in aquaculture species are viewed including morphology, resistance ,reproduction tiaits. In addition,problems existing in correlation analysis are discussed and its development is envisaged.

  Research of biodiesel preparation by lipase from different bacterial sources 2010, 26 (4):  318-322.  Abstract + ( 1743 )   PDF ( 1223297KB )   ( 2890 ) Non-renewable energy sources is declining. The technology of lipase catalyzed synthesis biodiesel has been paid extensive attentions. This paper reviews the research status, technologic feature and industrial application progress of lipase from different bacterial sources in the preparation of biodiesel. Meanwhile, it points out the tendency of the research and development of lipase catalyzed synthesis biodiesel.Lipase-catalyzed preparation provide ideas of biodiesel in future.

  Research on Tourism Behavior Characteristic of Tourist of Village Tourism In The Coastal Areas Of Fujian Province——Take the Shuangqin village tourism area in Quanzhou as an example 2010, 26 (4):  328-335.  Abstract + ( 2016 )   PDF ( 1416517KB )   ( 1061 ) The development of village tourism is meaning to be vigorously huge for planning the development of city and countryside in our country, and for building socialism new countryside, and for constructing the harmonious social. The research on the tourism behavior of tourist of village tourism is a key question for the development of village tourism, so we must take seriously. The article take the questionnaire survey as the principal means,and take Shuangqin village tourism area in the Quanzhou of Fujian Province as the case. In the foundation of analyzes about the domestic and foreign research present situation of tourism behavior characteristic of tourist of village tourism, the article researched the tourism decision-making behavior, the tourism by chance behavior, the tourism space behavior, the interaction of guest and master, and the tourism experience appraisal cognition, and Summarized the tourism behavior characteristic of tourist of village tourism in the coastal areas of Fujian Province，and put forward some proposal for the development of village tourism.

  Research on Eco-Tourism of Metropolitan Type in Mountain Areas ——take Wang Ping town, Mentougou district, Beijing as an example 2010, 26 (4):  336-341.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 1992156KB )   ( 999 ) Wang Ping was a small mountain town in Mentougou district, Beijing. Based on the analysis of the developing basis, advantages and main problem in tourism of Wang Ping town, the paper put forward the developing train of thought and layout of eco-tourism in the future. the main point are as following: (1) The developing idea that future Wang Ping Town's eco-tourism should be considered as a pillar industry must be firmly adhered to . (2) Future Wang Ping Town's eco-tourism should establish tight connections with its unique fruit industry, mutually stimulating and developing side by side. (3) Future Wang Ping Town's eco-tourism should develop historical sites touring and natural landscape touring, forming 3 tourism distributing centers and 4 tour routes. Finally this paper has put forward the projects to be emphasized in terms of promoting the eco-tourism of Metropolitan Type in Wang Ping Town which mainly include: the developing of historical sites, sites with humanities legends, eco-agricultural park and natural landscape tourism.

  On dynamics of the development of genetically modified soybean 2010, 26 (4):  342-347.  Abstract + ( 1368 )   PDF ( 1374968KB )   ( 1205 ) The author took “GM soybean” as a case to discuss the internal dynamics and external factors of the development of genetically modified soybean technology. Firstly, the comparatively better predominance of genetically modified soybean than traditional soybean propelled its development. Secondly, enhancing different peoples’ economic benefits and the international market demands were its external dynamics .Thirdly, incessantly perfect patent systems had provided powerful protection . Therefore, the naissance and development of genetically modified soybean technology was an inevitable phenomenon. Though there were many issues about genetically modified soybean and GM foods, it will obtain better development in future.

  New Era of Ideological and Political Education in Agriculture and Forestry Problems and Countermeasures ——Based on the perspective of Marx's Thought 2010, 26 (4):  353-356.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 1109480KB )   ( 925 ) [Abstract]: Thought of Marx's ideological and political education is essential to the development perspective. At present, the ideological and political education, agriculture, forestry, there are some problems, the market economy on agriculture, forestry, college students ideas of violent impact, the Internet of information technology on the challenge of ideological and political education, agriculture, forestry colleges and universities their own problems and so on. Accordingly, in order to Marx's Thought as the guide put forward the following measures: adherence to the "student-oriented"; We should fully respect the dominant position of the students to play their main role; to follow the ideological education of the interaction between the main object of the law to achieve educators and the educated of the main subject of reunification; proceeding from man's practical to enhance the attractiveness of ideological and political education to improve their effectiveness; to teaching content and teaching goals change.

  Thought on the Troops Construction of Special Technical Talents in Agriculture 2010, 26 (4):  357-359.  Abstract + ( 1484 )   PDF ( 1199659KB )   ( 1049 ) The current situation and main problems of the Troops Construction of Special Technical Talents in Agriculture are analyzed and studied by quantitative and qualitative methods. The suggestions and strategies are put forward in order to accelerate the troops construction of Special Technical Talents in Agriculture.

  The farmers’ enterprise features of characteristic agricultural industrialization 2010, 26 (4):  360-362.  Abstract + ( 1324 )   PDF ( 396501KB )   ( 1053 ) In characteristic agricultural industrialization, the key of agricultural growth and the mode to achieve a fundamental change is to coordinate the various stakeholders, the most important of which is the definition of the status of farmers. Based on theoretical analysis, farmers have a limited definition of rationality, uncertainty, asset specificity characteristics; we want to find a solution to resolve prevalent problems in the contract binding vulnerability and difficulties in coordination an effective manner by improving the characteristics of farmers.