Current issue

• 2010 Vol.26 No.6 Published:20 March 2010

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  Effect of Gender on Meat Quality of Qinchuan Cattle 2010, 26 (6):  1-4.  Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 511489KB )   ( 1129 ) Gender is one of the most important factor on growth and meat quality. Nine healthy Qinchuan cattles(three ones separately by gender, about three years old) were slaughtered to study the influence of gender on meat quality. Sampling at longissimus dorsi and the following items were measured, including content of water, crude ash, crude fat, crude protein, meat colour, cooking loss, tenderness, driage and water holding capacity. Results are shown as follows: content of water, crude ash and meat colour are not influenced significantly by gender（p﹥0.05）. Other items are different or significantly different among gender(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The tenderness of cow（2.15N）is the best, bull(3.41N) is better and ox(4.47N) is the worst of all; the cooking loss of cow（29.5％）is the biggest, ox（28.08％）is better and bull（26.13％）is the last; the water holding capacity of bull is the biggest, cow is the next and ox is the worst, which is opposite to driage; the crude protein of ox（25.86％）is the highest, bull（23.02％）is better and cow（21.90％）is the worst, crude fat is the opposite. Comprehensive analysis show that meat quality of bull is the best and ox is the worst of all.

  A comparision study on the adjusting coefficients estimated by regression analysis and the least square method for milk yield 2010, 26 (6):  5-9.  Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 537374KB )   ( 815 ) Abstract: To improve the accuracy of breeding , the effects of calving monthes and lactations must be considered. This study is based on the milk yield records of 815 Chinese Holstein Dairy cattle from HeBei ShuangWa dairy farm . The adjusting coefficients of milk yield with calving monthes and lactations were investigated with the simple statistical polynomial regression analysis methord and the least Square method . Besides,a comparision study on the two different methods was carried out. Results shows that there was no significant difference between the milk yield estimited by the adjusting coefficients and the actual calculated 305d milk yield value. But there was a significant difference between the two methods on milk yield estimited at parity Ⅰ(（P=0.04<0.05）,and milk yield estimited by the adjusting coefficients of the least square method were much closer to the actual values in all the parities fromⅠto Ⅳ .

  Differential Proteomic and Mass Spectrometric Analysis of embryo buds During Seed Germination in Rice(Oryza sativa L.) 2010, 26 (6):  10-16.  Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 1226430KB )   ( 1138 ) IEF- SDS- PAGE two- dimensional gel electrophoresis (2- DE) technology was used to separated proteins from ungerminated seed and embryo buds of germinated seed at specific stages of 1 d、2d、3d、4d in rice(Oryza sativa L.)Jindao 1. The results showed that on the 2-DE gels stained by coomassie brilliant blue，PDQuest image software detected about 215、201、187、162、132 protein spots， of which 22 spots show more than 2.5-fold changes in abundance among ungerminated seed and embryo buds of germinated seed at specific stages of 1 d、2d、3d、4d in rice(Oryza sativa L.)Jindao 1. These 12 of 22 protein spots treated by tryptic in-gel digestion were characterized by matrix-assisted laser -desorption／ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALD I-TOF -MS) and bioinformatics analysis,peptidemass fingerprintings of all were obtained，of which 6 differential proteins were elementarily identified as thioredoxin peroxidase，heat shock protein, ATP synthase, LEA protein 12, nucleoside diphosphate kinaseⅠ(NDK Ⅰ)(NDP kinase Ⅰ)(NDPK Ⅰ)and glyoxalase I respectively. The potential functions of these proteins during seed germination were discussed．

  The elementary study on the effect of Aflatoxin B1 on the mouse liver mitochondrial proteome 2010, 26 (6):  17-21.  Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 1475875KB )   ( 863 ) Abstract: In order to strengthen the detection on the liver mitochondrial proteins which differentially expressed when infected by aflatoxin B1, to prevent the outbreak and spread of poisoning. the toxin production by Aspergillus flavus were optimized and were extraced to infect mice. After 10 weeks, we extraced the mitochondrial protein of the mice and reseached the effect of the Aflatoxin on the mitochondrial proteome of the mice by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results of analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that there were obviously 31 differential protein spots, among which 7 protein spots were new or upregulated and 6 protein spots were disappeared or downregulated. These spots were mostly in the range of 5.2-9.0pH and 8-165 kDa. We speculated that aflatoxin may effect mitochondrial function by the influence on these proteins, which induce the toxicity on mice.

  The Establishment of RAPD Reaction Program of Chinese Kale 2010, 26 (6):  22-25.  Abstract + ( 1408 )   PDF ( 1321342KB )   ( 1059 ) High quality DNA was obtained from Chinese Kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey） leaf by the improved method of CTAB．Based on the common RAPD reaction program and the adjusting experiments，the optimal PCR system（25μl total volumes）contains：5mmol/LMgCl2 2.0μL, 10×PCR Buffer 2.5μL, 2.5mmol/L dNTPs2.0μL, 5U/μLTaq DNA polymerase 0.25μL, 5μmol/ L primer1.2μL、genomic DNA 25ng and ddH2O 12.25μl. The optimal amplification program as follows：94℃ for 5 min；40 cycles at 94℃ for 1 min，36℃ for 1 min and 72℃ for 2 min；72℃ for 10 min at last.

  Advances on Application of Molecular Markers in Longan Researches 2010, 26 (6):  26-30.  Abstract + ( 1378 )   In the recent years，the molecular techniques developed rapidly，and it was used in Longan. diversity．DNA mo1ecular markers have many advantages compared with the traditional methods，so they are efficient techniques in Longan research.This paper summarizes the application and development of molecular markers，including RAPD，AFLP，ISSR ,SRAP in Longan .The current problems and prospects of the application are also discussed．

  Molecular Detection and Analysis of 1Dx5+1Dy10 in Partial Wheat Cultivars(Lines) From Huang-Huai Wheat Region of China 2010, 26 (6):  31-34.  Abstract + ( 952 )   PDF ( 469261KB )   ( 901 ) At present, reported at detection of HMW-GS 1Dx5 molecular markers, the marker,composed of three primers Dx-F, Dx5-F and Dx-R, is a specific co-dominant PCR markers for 1Dx5 subunit,and has no non-specific amplicon.It was strongly recommended to be used in wheat molecular assiatant selection (MAS) breeding for good bread-marking quality. The experimental use of this pair of primers by PCR technology for 221copies of a parental wheat gene 1Dx5 subunit. The results showed that the detection of 35 copies of Materials Materials 1Dx5subunit carried, representing the total number of measured Materials16.3%, much lower than the frequency of foreign genes (about 85%).

  Study on Genetic Transformation of Tomato Expressing Bivalent Anti-fungal Disease Gene Mediated by Ri Plasmid 2010, 26 (6):  35-38.  Abstract + ( 782 )   PDF ( 793143KB )   ( 673 ) New tomato varioties T431, 1911 and 0701 were used as the materials, chitinase gene and β-1,3-glucanase gene were transformed into tomatoes by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A total of 100 regeneration plants were obtained. In these regenerated plants, 27 and 13 plants appeared respectively to be positive in PCR test with chitinase gene and β-1,3-glucanase gene primer. The transferring frequency of foreign gene was 27% and 13% separately. If the two genes were done simultaneously, 10 plants appeared to be positive in PCR test with a transferring frequency of 10%. PCR-Southern analysis of these plants showed that they produced positive hybridization ,indicating that the chitinase gene and β-1,3-glucanase gene have been conveyed and integrated into genome of these plants.9 plants chosen from double-gene transgenic plants were taken RT-PCR analysis,5 and 4 plants appeared respectively to be positive in 9 plants, which proved that the chitinase gene and β-1,3-glucanase gene acquired stable expression in transgenic plants.

  The Screening of Mutants for Plant Progeny of Japonica Rice Callus Induced by γ-rays Irradiation 2010, 26 (6):  39-42.  Abstract + ( 807 )   PDF ( 1263545KB )   ( 746 ) Abstract:Callus induced from mature embryos of japonica rice varieties “xiushui11” and “Nipponbare” were irradiated with 60Coγ-rays at the dosage of 30Gy. Morphological variations including leaf, stalk, seed, panicle at vegetative and reproductive stages and various physiological characters were observed in MR2 generation. These mutants will be helpful for gene identification and gene functional analysis as well as breeding of new rice variety. Some variant plants show high potential in rice production.

  Comparison of titer of anti-sera from CAP-BSA 、CAP-OVA and Preparation of the polyclonal antibody against chloramphenicol 2010, 26 (6):  43-46.  Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 1670712KB )   ( 831 ) Abstract:【OBJECTIVE】Synthesis of CAP-BSA,CAP-OVA, polyclonal antibody against chloramphenicol, and comparison of titer of anti-sera from CAP-BSA,CAP-OVA.【METHOD】Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Ovalbumin (OVA) were used as protein carries respectively to couple with chloramphenicol（CAP）by diazotization method, then compared the immune ability of the two synthetic antigens. The two synthesized antigens CAP-BSA and CAP-OVA were mixed with the same amount of adjuvant and then immunized rabbits. After the fourth immunization, the rabbits were blooded from heart, and then separated blood sera; lastly we issued indirect competitive ELISA analysis using the two antigens as coatingen respectively.【RESULTS】Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) indicates the existence of specific antibodies in the anti-sera. The titer of anti-sera for CAP-BSA and CAP-OVA is 1:8100. The detection limit for CAP was 9ng/mL.【CONCLUSION】After comparison of the results comprehensively, we believed that using CAP-OVA as immunogen and CAP-BSA as coatingen is a good experimental program. This experimental program can be used for preparation of polyclonal antibody against chloramphenicol and production of chloramphenicol ELISA Kit.

  Establishment of regeneration system of cotyledon and hypocotyl in vitro of tomato 2010, 26 (6):  47-50.  Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 491487KB )   ( 757 ) Abstract: The cotyledon and hypocotyl from tomato asepsis seedlings were cultured on the medium with different 6-BA and NAA concentrations to study their effects on the callus induction and shoot differentiation. The result indicated that some light green callus could be induced and adventitious buds could be differentiated in all kinds of medium, but there were obvious different in different medium. The optimum medium for tomato callus formation and bud differentiation respectively were MS+6-BA2 mg/L+IAA0.2 mg/L and MS+6-BA2 mg/L+I AA 0.02mg/L. The best medium for inducing tomato root was MS + IAA 0.2 mg/L.

  One-step shoot Formation and Micropropagation in the thin cell-layer Cultures of Flue-cured Tobacco 2010, 26 (6):  51-53.  Abstract + ( 759 )   PDF ( 407469KB )   ( 866 ) The epidermal and sub- epidermal thin cell-layer of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L) tender stem in additional appropriate hormone combinations of the MS culture medium can take one-step shoot formation. MS+NAA0.1～0.3 mg/l +IBA0.1 mg/l +6-BA1.5～2.5 mg/l+3%Sucrose culture medium is suitable for one-step shoot formation in thin cell layer cultures. BA concentrations below 2.5mg / l is conducive to nurturing strong seedling. 1/2MS+2% Sucrose +NAA0.1～0.2 mg/l culture medium is suitable for root induction.

  Study on the Bread Hardening during Long-term Storage 2010, 26 (6):  54-59.  Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 757624KB )   ( 1104 ) Alteration of bread hardness during long-term preservation was investigated in this study. The results indicated that bread hardness increased insistently in the beginning few weeks during storage, and exhibited slow elevation in the following period. The tests analyses demonstrated that amylopectin crystallization and water mobility in the bread showed the resembling regulation. Appropriate utilization of additive could be used to defer bread hardness.

  Primary Study on Purification Procedure and After-purified Stability of Red Pigments in Camphor Fruit 2010, 26 (6):  60-63.  Abstract + ( 807 )   PDF ( 535086KB )   ( 702 ) Mature camphor fruit (Ｃinnamomun camphora(L.)Presl) contains red-pigments which make it deep-purple in color, these red pigments could be as potential colorants resources for comprehensive industrial and medical purposes. In this paper, red pigments in camphor fruit were purified with macroporous resin and isolated with thin layer chromatography (TLC), the stability of purified red pigments was also studied. Results showed that: in the 4 studied colophonies, D-406 owned best absorption capacity of camphor fruit pigments; under the condtion of temperature=25 ℃ and CMC-Na concentration=0.8%, Butanol-dense hydrochloric acid -water(65:10:45) were the best one in 8 studied developers for TLC isolation of camphor fruit pigments, with which 6 components (4 red pigments, 2 yellow pigments) could be distinguished; one component（Rf＝0.711）in the purified pigments was quite stable to treatment of food additive and metal ion, although Fe3+、Fe2+ and Cu2+ showed destructive effects on it. Thus, it is expected that the stable purified red pigment component could be as candidate for pigmentation of alcoholic liquors and acid food.

  Studied on the relation between malt protein’s hydrolysis degree and properties by principal component analysis 2010, 26 (6):  64-67.  Abstract + ( 683 )   PDF ( 479891KB )   ( 811 ) Abstract: Some properties of malt protein were improved by papain’s hydrolysis and the relation between hydrolysis degree and properties were studied. The correlations between hydrolysis degree and properties were analyzed. Principal component analysis was used in malt protein’s properties, and the original indexes were separated into three principal component factors. The properties synthesize target was F=62.769%×F1+17.807%×F2+11.710%×F3. The model between hydrolysis degree and properties’ synthesize target was constructed, F=-0.0084X2+0.4548X-5.4881.Principal component analysis can be used in discussing the effects of degree hydrolysis on malt protein’s properties. And the results can offer some references for proteins’ modification by enzyme.

  The Classification of Halosols order in Da qing City 2010, 26 (6):  68-72.  Abstract + ( 1007 )   PDF ( 495726KB )   ( 689 ) In the field of soil, regardless of international exchange, or quoting foreign literature, or reference to foreign software, or do research, teaching and production in soil are inseparable from the Soil Taxonomy. This study, based on the accumulated information on disposal of soil in Daqing City, made retrieval by Chinese Soil Taxonomy (third edition), and we set up the Soil Taxonomy classification system of Daqing City. It divided the soil of Daqing into five soil orders, Halosols order is one of them, and we divided it into two sub-classes, and three soil types. This paper mainly describes from habitat conditions, morphological characteristics, traits, production capacity, a typical cross-section, :Parasalic Aqui-Alkalic Halosols; Parasalic Hapli- Alkalic Halosols;:Para-alkalic Aqui- Orthic Halosols,Gleyic Aqui- Orthic Halosols.so as to provide theoretical basis for research, teaching and production.

  Study on Agronomic Characters of two Changed—plants of Chamaecrista rotundifolia cv.MINYIN by Irradiation 2010, 26 (6):  73-76.  Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 588462KB )   ( 680 ) The seeds of Chamaecrista rotundifolia cv.MINYIN pasturages were irradiated by 60Co-γ. Based on the observations of M1, M2, M3 generation in fiel experiment, two plants with bigger variations in agronomic character were elected through M4,M5 observation. The results showed that the ratio of stem and leaf of two changed-plants decreased, The biomasses have increased 39.26％ and 38.04％ at 0.01 level．Crude fattiness of mutant 86134-32-3 increased at 0.01 level. On the basis of analysis by using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers, it was found that there were obvious differences in DNA fingerprinting between the progenies after irradiation by 60Co-γ and their parents.

  The expatiation on mensurating method of field water use efficiency in different scale 2010, 26 (6):  77-80.  Abstract + ( 632 )   PDF ( 460122KB )   ( 1061 ) Abstract: Water use efficiency (WUE) is the index to the relationship between matter production and water ?. There was the different understanding in the different field, and there was the different account way in the different scale. It was expatiated that there was excellence and shortcoming when we mensurated WUE by harvest method, infrared gas analyse method, eddy correlation method or stable-isotope method, and the suitable scale to those methods.

  Study on the Population Dynamics of Quercus variabilis in Takuanhe Nature Reserve 2010, 26 (6):  81-86.  Abstract + ( 607 )   PDF ( 672553KB )   ( 652 ) Quercus variabilis is one of the main vegetation edificators in Takuanhe Nature Reserve. Study on its population dynamics is of great implications for the biodiversity conservation and restoration and ecological system balance maintenance in the area. The research showed the Quercus variabilis population is growing with tree age less than 40 years and in the developing stage from young to middle age by the analysis of diameter level structure and the relationship between tree height and diameter. The increment and decrement processes were indicated from the static life table analysis of the population, clearly showing that the selective cutting as mine poles occurred 20 years ago had a prolonged impact on the population dynamics. The impacts on the diameter levels V and VI were indicated as abnormal increase of survivorship, negative values of mortality and decrease of mean life expectance whereas the impacts on the diameter levels III and IV were opposite to the levels V and VI. The survivorship curve of the Quercus variabilis population was fit with Deevey II. Great influence of human disturbance was also reflected by the abnormal waving of the mortality curve. It is suggested prohibition from human disturbance is necessary to protect and restore the Quercus variabilis population.

  Integrated Index Study on Forest Lightning Fire for Daxinganling Mountains 2010, 26 (6):  87-92.  Abstract + ( 751 )   PDF ( 595004KB )   ( 934 ) The forest lightning fire of Daxinganling mountains was highly happened in frequency in China, the integrated index study on the forest lightning fire is very important to monitor, early warn and administrate the forest lightning fire, and to protect forest resource. Based on lightning observation data from 2005 to 2007, daily meteorological observation data and history record data of the forest lightning fire from 1965 to 2007 in Daxinganling mountains of Heilongjiang Province, the important influence of the factors was analyzed on the forest lightning fire, these factors include lightning firebrand, forest type distribution related to fuel, and initial spread speed of forest fire related to meteorological condition. The integrated index model for the forest lightning fire was established with weighting analysis method. The integrated index model is ITDX=0.3ILDX+0.5ISDX+0.2IFTDX,the ITDX is the integrated index of the forest lightning fire in the model, the ILDX is the lightning firebrand index, the ISDX is the index for the initial spread speed of forest fire related to meteorological condition, the IFTDX is the index for forest type distribution related to fuel, the ITDX is 0 when the daily rainfall is above 8.8 mm. The index calculation method of the ILDX, ISDX and IFTDX were introduced in the paper. The calculated value extent of the integrated index ITDX is between 0 and 1.0. The results showed that, the ITDX calculated value of the integrated index is bigger, the dangerous degree of the forest lightning fire to happen is higher. The forest lightning fire is the extremely dangerous and likeliest happening when ITDX≧0.9, it’s highly dangerous and likelier happening when 0.9>ITDX≧0.7, it’s middle or low dangerous and likely happening when 0.7>ITDX≧0.4, it’s no danger and no happening when 0.4>ITDX. The synthesis influence for the forest lightning fire could be effectively reflected in the integrated model by means of the factors, which include lightning firebrand, forest type distribution related to fuel, and initial spread speed of forest fire related to meteorological condition, the results was in accordance with the dangerous degree of the forest lightning fire environment and the actual happened condition of the forest lightning fire in Daxinganling mountains. The model application could provide a certain clue to the monitoring and early warning for the dangerous degree of the forest lightning fire.

  Progress in the Research of Cryopreservation of Woody Plant Germplasm 2010, 26 (6):  93-96.  Abstract + ( 880 )   PDF ( 438970KB )   ( 871 ) The latest achievements of cryopreserving woody plant germplasm were outlined.The cryopreservation theory, affecting factors and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of cryopreservation were reviewed in two aspects including material selecting and conservation-methods.It showed the prospects of applying cryopreservation techniques in woody plant germplasm.

  Studis on the Cold Resistance of Viburnum awabuki 2010, 26 (6):  97-100.  Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 558652KB )   ( 724 ) Abstract: With the Viburnum awabuki that have grown three years as experimental materials , the paper measured and compared the difference among leaves which was disposed under various low temperatures including the activity of Protective enzyme and the contents of water-soluble sugar and water-soluble protein .The results that with the extend of processing time, the activity of SOD、POD and CAT increased at first then decreased and so it was with the contents of water-soluble sugar and water-soluble protein showed the existence and enhancement of protective enzymes lightened the damage,which aroused by membrane lipid peroxidation;it may be an important reason why Viburnum awabuki enhance their chilling resistance and escape low temperature damage.

  Effects of Several Site Factors on the Growth of Phyllostachys in Mountain Region of South Hunan 2010, 26 (6):  101-103.  Abstract + ( 797 )   PDF ( 479553KB )   ( 691 ) [Objective]The study aimed to study the effects of 5 site factors on the diameter,height and culm number of the Phyllostachys,[Method]Through a survey of 28 sample plots,[Results]The results showed that:(1)The slope position ,soil thickness and slopness had the significant effects on the growth of Phyllostachys,but the slope aspect and soil types had not significant effects on the growth of Phyllostachys.(2)The upper slope was not suitable for the growth of the Phyllostachys,the depression,mid position and foot of the hills were all suitable for the growth of the Phyllostachys.(3)The thin soil was not suitable for the growth of the Phyllostachys,and the planting sites should be the soils with middle to thick layers,especially for the high yield of Phyllostachys forest.(4)The purple soil and limy soil,south and north aspects were all suitable for the growth of the Phyllostachys,but the growth of the Phyllostachys were better on the purple soil and south slope.[Conclusion] The conclusion has great significance in Phyllostachys cultivation in the same areas.

  Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Rice Yield by Treatments of Silicate Fertilizer and Phosphorus Fertilizer 2010, 26 (6):  104-109.  Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 880622KB )   ( 730 ) Pot experiments of rice were performed to study the effects of applying silicate and phosphorus on rice yield in phaeozem. Response surface methodology was used to analysis the various influences on rice panicle per unit area, average number of spikelets per panicle, rates of filled seeds and grain weight of 1000 spikelets by applying silicate fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and the interactions of them. Through study the author found that phosphate could had a significant impact on spikelets panicle and grain weight, application of silicon could significantly affect ears, spikelets panicle and grain weight, the interaction of both silicon and phosphorus can significantly affect spikelets panicle. After studied the silicon and phosphorus on rice production constitutes the basis of factors, the yield of rice was obtained by calculating silicon and phosphorus fertilizer application rate of regression model, according to the model to determine the highest production and output conditions were as follows: monoammonium phosphate 1.68 g, sodium silicate 5.25 g, the theoretical product was 91.74 g, however the true product was 71.74 g which was higher 53.32 percent than the output by control treatment.

  Difference in Chalkiness Degree of the Grains within a Rice Panicle under Defferent Nitrogens and Densities 2010, 26 (6):  110-114.  Abstract + ( 729 )   PDF ( 499233KB )   ( 684 ) Abstract: Difference in chalkiness degree of the grains in a rice panicle under nitrogens and densities were studied using medium japonica rice Wuyujing 3 as materials. The main results were as follows: All primary branches on a panicle were evenly divided into three parts of the upper, middle and basal. the order of chalkiness degree on the grain branch was the upper parts ＜the middle parts ＜ the basal parts. The chalkiness degree on first panicle branch was less than secondary branch. On the primary branch the chalkiness degree of the grain 2、3、4 was higher than the grain 1、6、5. The level of grain chalkiness degree was more complex in grain different position. With the increased level of nitrogen fertilizer, the grain chalkiness degree was increased on the primary branch and the second branch of the upper parts. Among these positiones, the chalkiness degree of first grain was significantly increased. The experment was showed that densities and nitrogens have an interaction effect. Under high nitrogen fertilizer, the grain chalkiness degree was increased with the densities increasing.

  Effect of Different Densities To Yield and Sugar Content of Sweet Sorghum 2010, 26 (6):  115-118.  Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 411671KB )   ( 766 ) Through the study of the effect of different varieties and different densities to yield and sugar content of sweet sorghum, it indicates the following aspects. Firstly, yield and sugar content are significant difference of different varieties. Secondly, yield of same variety is significant difference with different densities, but sugar content is not significant. Thirdly, yield and sugar content are significant difference under the interaction of different varieties and densities, but the effect of interaction to sugar content is lower. Meanwhile, Longtian 6 and Longtian 2 have high yield and sugar content. Their best plant density is 67500 plants/hm2.

  Influences of chromium and lead multiple stresses on Physiological and biochemical Character of wheat 2010, 26 (6):  119-126.  Abstract + ( 840 )   PDF ( 1043993KB )   ( 777 ) Stresses of 0.25 mM Cr or 0.8mM Pb resulted in that wheat chlorophyll content and soluble protein content went down, stomatal resistance up, leaf osmotic potential down, root and leaf solute leakage up。 However, Cr or Pb caused root vigor to go down. chlorophyll content and conductivity were first index which is more sensitive to multiple stresses.

  Progresses on Fruit Active Ingredient and Anti-oxidation 2010, 26 (6):  127-132.  Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 514362KB )   ( 1386 ) Fruit active ingredients have been a major research for a number of experts, due to various physiological effects, especially its well-known anti-oxidation. This paper gives a general account of domestic and overseas research progress of this field in recent years, systematically presents related research, development and utilization and prospects of the fruit active compounds and anti-oxidation, so as to offer a reference for further studies.

  Effects of exogenous calcium chloride on antioxidant enzymes activities and ions uptake of broccoli under salt stress 2010, 26 (6):  133-137.  Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 613533KB )   ( 869 ) Abstract：Broccolis Gefu(salt tolerant) and Shanshui(salt sensitive) were conducted to study the effects of exogenous calcium chloride on fresh weight, dry weight, ions content and different antioxidant enzymes activities under salt stress. The results showed that exogenous calcium could promote the growth of broccoli significantly, alleviate the effect of salt stress and increase the fresh and dry weight of broccoli. Exogenous calcium reduced MDA content and alleviated the level of membrane lipid peroxidation in broccoli under salt stress. The effect of exogenous calcium on the activities of SOD, POD and CAT differed with the varieties of broccolis. Exogenous calcium could increase the K+, Ca+ uptake of shoot and root, but there was a negative effect on Na+. Compared with the salt-tolerance broccoli, the effect of exogenous calcium on salt-sensitive broccoli was better. During experiment, we found that 10mmol/L was the best concentration of exogenous calcium to alleviate salt injury of broccoli.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt-resistance Traits in Four Halophytes 2010, 26 (6):  138-141.  Abstract + ( 962 )   PDF ( 470022KB )   ( 848 ) Abstract: The study was conducterd with four halophytes with different salt-sistance under NaCl conditions. 6 physiological salt resistance characteristics were measured,such as chlorophyll content, MDA content, proline content, SOD activity, CAT activity and POD activity. And a comprehensive evalution on salt resistance of four plants was given based on subordinate function values analysis. The degree of salt tolerance as follows: Tamarix chinensis>Nitraria schoberi >Limonium aureum>Achnatherum splendens.

  Study Nitrogen on Regulation of Potato Under NaCl Stress 2010, 26 (6):  146-149.  Abstract + ( 753 )   PDF ( 574517KB )   ( 714 ) Abstract: Zihuabai was used to do an experiment which researched the effects of nitrogen on physiological and biochemical characteristics of potato under NaCl stress in vitro. The results showed: the content of praline、 chlorophyll、protein and root activity performed increasing at first,then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen level，and reached the top in 4.17（N2）mmol/L NH4NO3 level. The content of chlorophyll、protein and root activity were significantly higher than that of the contrast in N2 level; The activity of SOD and POD increased generally under NaCl stress with the increase of nitrogen level，and reached the top in 6.25（N2）mmol/L NH4NO3 level.

  Effects of Nitrogen Rates on Post-anthesis Accumulation and Transfer of Dry Matter and Nitrogen in Rice with Differential Nitrogen Nutrition Efficiency 2010, 26 (6):  150-156.  Abstract + ( 705 )   PDF ( 574980KB )   ( 805 ) Using three rice genotypes with different nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and three rice genotypes with different nitrogen harvest index (NHI), the effects of nitrogen rates (0 kg N?ha-1, 180 kg N?ha-1 and 360 kg N?ha-1) on accumulation and transfer of dry matter and nitrogen in relation to NUE and NHI were investigated in pot experiments. The results showed that the increasing nitrogen rate reduced NUE and NHI, and the genotypic differences of NUE in low nitrogen and NHI in high nitrogen were highest. The increasing nitrogen increased accumulation and transfer amounts of dry matter and nitrogen over the whole growth period and after anthesis in rice. The ratio of dry matter and nitrogen transfer to grain and contribution ratio of transferred dry matter and nitrogen to grain in rice genotypes with different NHI increased with the increasing nitrogen rate, but those in rice genotypes with different NUE reduced. The differences of pre-anthesis dry matter accumulation and post-anthesis dry matter transfer amount in different rice genotypes with NUE were the largest and the differences of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and post-anthesis dry matter transfer amount in different rice genotypes with NHI were the largest. The difference of post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation in different rice genotypes with NUE was the largest and the differences of post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation and transfer amount in different rice genotypes with NHI were largest. Correlation analysis indicated that the relationships between NUE and total dry matter accumulation, post?-anthesis nitrogen accumulation, ratio of nitrogen transfer to grain and contribution ratio of transferred nitrogen to grain were significant, the relationships between NHI and post-anthesis dry matter transfer amount and contribution ratio of transferred nitrogen to grain were maximum. It is suggested that increasing total dry matter accumulation, decreasing post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation and accelerating post-anthesis nitrogen to grains in rice were the important approaches for increasing NUE, increasing post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and contribution ratio of transferred nitrogen to grain in rice were advantage for increasing NHI.

  Measurement of dynamic changes of inorganic nourishment of greenhouse tomato in soilless culture* 2010, 26 (6):  157-161.  Abstract + ( 953 )   PDF ( 562351KB )   ( 889 ) Abstract: In this paper, computer was used for regulating the nutrition solution supplying system. In order to discover the law of absorbing of inorganic nourishment of greenhouse tomato growth in soilless culture, the N、P、K concentrations in tomato leaf were measured at different growth stages. It can supply support for nutrition solution regulation with soilless culture. The consequence was that there was no significant difference in N, P, K concentrations in different substrates. The result was that the accumulative trend of N was decreased, the highest content of N was 48.13 mg/g after plant out 60 days, and the lowest was 43.42 mg/g after plant out 300 days; The accumulative trend of P was increased firstly, then was decreased. The highest content of P was 6.23 mg/g after plant out 180 days, the lowest was 3.45 mg/g after plant out 300 days; The accumulative trend of K was decreased firstly, and then increased. The highest content of K was 24.96mg/g after plant out 300 days, the lowest was 8.45mg/g after plant out 120 days.

  Studies on Phosphorus Yield-Increasing Effect of Spring Wheat for High Yield in Ningxia Irrigation Area 2010, 26 (6):  162-167.  Abstract + ( 1296 )   PDF ( 611841KB )   ( 1086 ) Applying phosphorus was easily bounded by Ca+2 and Mg+2 and formed as insoluble phosphate in Ningxia Irrigation Area because the soil was classed as irrigation-silting soil and/or light sierozem, consequently the crop yield and P Use Effect were influenced greatly. In this paper, experiments were carried on different fields with high phosphorus level(available P, 42.8mg/kg) and low phosphorus level(available P, 6.55mg/kg) by applying phosphorus from 0 to 330kg/hm2 and divided into twelve treatments with 30 kg/hm2 interval. And the experiments were carried with three replication randomized block design. Results showed that phosphorus had a significant yield-increasing effect at low phosphorus field, and regression between P2O5 applying(X, kg/hm2) and yield(Y, kg/hm2) was set up as Y=4072.1+5.014x+0.1296x2-0.0003133x3, but at high phosphorus, the yield-increasing effect was not significant. So suggestions were put forward that Applying phosphorus from 0 to 240kg/hm2 had positive invest effect at low phosphorus level, within this paper, the P investment and produce effect were from 10 to 24 yuan/yuan(The price of wheat, 2.1yuan/kg, of P2O5, 8.61yuan/kg) and the max P investment and produce effect existed at P2O5 applying amount of 135 kg/hm2 . In addition, suggestions were also given to increase P use effect at middle-and-low-yield field and high-yield field according soil fertility in Ningxia Irrigation, such as combined tillage to increase phosphorus applying depth, applying phosphorus with organic manure, modulate PH with acidic fertilizer and increasing microorganism biological activity in soil.

  Study on the Effect of Biogas Fertilizer on the Chinese cabbage Yield, Quality and Environment 2010, 26 (6):  168-172.  Abstract + ( 609 )   PDF ( 649958KB )   ( 721 ) Abstract: In order to study the effect of biogas fertilizer on the yield, quality of Chinese cabbage and soil environment a field experiment with 6 treatments were conducted in Beijing area. The results showed that the yield and N uptake of Chinese cabbage had a linear relationship with applied N rate when it lower than 1055 kg N ha-1, as well as the yield don’t increase any more when the N rate higher than 1055 kg N ha-1. while the residue soil Nmin increased with applied N as plateau-linear trends, the Soil Nmin after harvesting increased dramatically when the N rate was more than 1019 kg/ha. The nitrate content of crop increased with higher N rate, but all of them were less than 600 mg/kg.

  Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth of Elaeagnus mollis seedling at Different Fertility Levels 2010, 26 (6):  173-177.  Abstract + ( 768 )   PDF ( 483869KB )   ( 739 ) Effect of AM fungi on the growth of Elaeagnus mollis under varied fertilization was studied. The result showed that 2 fungi infected the seedling of Elaeagnus mollis, and significant difference between the seedling infected by two fungi and control of Elaeagnus mollis seedling in the height, ground diameter and Total dry biomass under no fertilization. And the height, ground diameter and dried biomass were related with infected rate of fungi. The AM fungi could enhance the absorbing ability of seedling to hard-dissolved phosphorus with Ca(H2PO4)2?H2O [fertilized concentra-tion equalized effective component (P2O5) 0.04 g/kg]. The combine of AM fungi and dissolved phosphorus K2HPO4 [fertilized concentration equalized effective component (P2O5) 0.02 g/kg] was the best, while the higher concentration of phosphorus leaded a decrease of biomass. The AM fungi could also enhance absorbing ability of seedling to dissolved nitrogen. The growth of seedling increased under infected by AM fungi with KNO3[fertilized concentration equalized effective component (NO3-) 0.06 g/kg]and by AM fungi with (NH4)2SO4 [fertilized concentration equalized effective compo-nent (NH4+) 0.06 g/kg]. The fertilization of root area was crucial for infected rate of fungi.

  Relationship between the best application of potassium fertilizers on sweet potato and yield on red soil hilly dry land in southern Hunan 2010, 26 (6):  178-181.  Abstract + ( 678 )   PDF ( 496317KB )   ( 768 ) We set up the fertilizer effect trial of "single-factors, five level" on red soil hilly region of southern Hunan. In order to find the best application of potassium fertilizers on sweet potato, we measured yield, nutrient content of sweet potato, and soil available nutrients, by combining field trials with laboratory analysis. The results indicated that potassium fertilizers could improve the sweet potato economic output, and fertilizer cost obviously. Meanwhile, the application of potassium fertilizers also improved the total amount absorption of Nitrogen， Phosphorus， and Potassium of potato tubers, cane leaves, and improved soil available potassium content significantly. Under the middle and low application amount of potassium, the soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus content was increased. By comprehensive consideration, in the four application of potassium fertilizers, the best application on sweet potato was 225 kg/hm2, the yield rate were 52.9 percent, the income per ha reached 47.7 percent.

  The effect on long-term fertilization to chlorophyll content of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and summer corn (Zea mays) 2010, 26 (6):  182-184.  Abstract + ( 687 )   PDF ( 521876KB )   ( 822 ) Abstract: Chlorophyll content is the impotent index to photosynthetic activity of corps, and there is a very close relationship with yield. In order to control chlorophyll content by fertilization, in this paper ,the rule that the effect of N-Fertilizer and marure cooperation to chlorophyll content of winter wheat and summer corn was discovered by long-term fertilization. It was showed the chlorophyll content of winter wheat and summer corn would increase with N-Fertilizer and marure increasing, and the functions were expressed by equation:

  Effects of ryegrass manure application on soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in tobacco field 2010, 26 (6):  185-188.  Abstract + ( 751 )   PDF ( 614917KB )   ( 681 ) Abstract: the soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities as indicators for evaluation of soil fertility properties. The effects of ryegrass manure application on soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in tobacco field were studied by field experiments. The experimental results indicate that: ryegrass manure application can improve the soil microbial and soil enzyme activities (soil urease , soil acid phosphatase , invertase , catalase) as the amount of ryegrass manure application increased, but it does not mean that the more the better. The result of this experiment showed that the effect of ryegrass manure application (1500kg/667m2 )on soil fertility properties is the best .

  A study on root differentiation from callus in Ardisia crenata DENG Su-Fang 2010, 26 (6):  189-192.  Abstract + ( 627 )   PDF ( 739544KB )   ( 631 ) 【OBJECTIVE】In order to investigate the root differentiation capability of Ardisia crenata callus, seek a new way of high frequency of root regeneration,【METHOD】different types callus of Ardisia crenata were used in root differentiation test and made into paraffin sections for cytology observation，for root differentiation capability compare of different types callus and the effects of different medium and light conditions on root differentiation.【RESULTS】The results both showed that yellow granular callus and yellowish-green nubbly callus can differentiate root easier than others.【CONCLUSION】In the medium of 1/2MS as the basic medium, of which the concentration of inorganic salts had been reduced, root differentiation rate was the highest. The weak light was beneficial to rooting by comparison.

  The rational research progress of Golf Course plant's selection of Beijing area 2010, 26 (6):  193-197.  Abstract + ( 873 )   PDF ( 592872KB )   ( 708 ) Abstract: To respectively be the plain, the hill, the mountainous region golf course(the Beijing Hong Hua Golf Course, the Beijing rural overlapping Stephen Golf Course, the Beijing Shun Feng Village Golf Course) the plant community to carry on the investigation,to analyze the status of the plant configuration of Beijing Golf Course. Collected suitable for the growth plants in the Beijing area, combined with the application of plant functional requirements in Golf Courses, summarized suitable for cultivation of plants in Golf Course’s different regions, the number of up to 280 or so, the results provided for the relevant persons in golf course design and golf golf course landscape plants a reference configuration.

  Studies on growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in different soil water Studies on growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in different soil water 2010, 26 (6):  198-200.  Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 500097KB )   ( 687 ) Abstract: By measuring water consumption, weight changes of shoot and root, yield, component ingredients in different phase of growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi through pot planting and weighting.The water supply experiment was done at 3 different soil water gradients of 30%,50%,80%,respectively.The results indicitaed that the water consumption was largest at vegetative stage before flowering stage of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The water gradients of 30% and80% could produce unfavorable effects on the growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The yield of root and the contents of effective component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was higher relatively than others,which had significant difference at soil water gradients of 50%. the contents of effective component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was 13.6%。

  Studied on Changing Rules of Chlorophyll Content in ‘Jinguang’ Plum Leaves 2010, 26 (6):  201-203.  Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 494319KB )   ( 1033 ) In order to investigate the changing rules of chlorophyll content in the leaves of ‘Jinguang’ plum, the chlorophyll contents in different stage and different shoots were determined by using direct extraction. The results showed that the chlorophyll a+b contents in different stage had a tendency of high low fluctuation, and the peak appeared in middle of May, middle of July and the first ten days of September respectively. The chlorophyll a+b contents in the leaves on the spurs bearing fruit and the spurs without bearing fruit had three peak values and two valley values, but the chlorophyll a+b contents in the leaves on the vegetative shoots only had two peak values. The trend of the chlorophyll a/b values in the leaves on different stage and different shoots was V-shape, and the valley value appeared in middle of July. So reference basis for determination the suitable irrigation periods and fertilizing season in production was offered.

  Morphological and Physiological Responses of Welsh Onion to Shading 2010, 26 (6):  204-207.  Abstract + ( 844 )   PDF ( 638907KB )   ( 615 ) The morphological and physiological responses of two Welsh onion cultivars, e.g. Dongjingxiahei and Tongguangyibentai, to different degree of shading, were studied. The results showed that the plant height, water content, chlorophyll content and Vc content were increased after the two shading treatment, respectively. However the content of soluble sugar was declined. The stem diameter responded differently to different degree of shading.

  Response of osmotic adjustment of two cucumber rootstock seedling ( Cucurbita spp. ) to NaCl stress 2010, 26 (6):  208-211.  Abstract + ( 704 )   PDF ( 553123KB )   ( 661 ) Abstract: The growth, relative water content, osmotic potential of all organ, contents of osmoregulation substance including proline and soluble sugar in leaves of two cucumber rootstocks, such as Cucurbita moschata hybrid ‘360-3 × 112-2’ and C. ficifolia seedlings were studied in hydroponic adding 80mmol?L-1 NaC1. The results showed that the growth of two tested materials seedling were inhibited significantly after 7 days under NaCl stress, salt tolerance of ‘360-3×112-2’ hybrid seedlings was higher than C. ficifolia, and decrease of relative water content was less, decrease of osmotic potential of all organ was more, increase of osmoregulation substance contents in leaves was more than that of C. ficifolia seedling.Those results can be concluded that the higher salt tolerance of ‘360-3×112-2’ hybrid under NaCl stress than C. ficifolia was closely related to its stronger osmotic adjustment ability.

  Research of Three Kinds of Indoor Foliage Plant to Formaldehyde Purification 2010, 26 (6):  212-215.  Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 482809KB )   ( 991 ) Chlorophytum comosum, Agave americana Linn and Aglaonema modestum were used in this study to investigate the ability of removing formaldehyde. The results showed that three kinds of plants all had certain absorptive capacities on formaldehyde, the ability of absorbing formaldehyde declined as: Chlorophytum comosum > Agave americana Linn> Aglaonema modestum. Formaldehyde reduced chlorophyll content, but enhanced SOD activities and MDA content in three kinds of plants. The responses of chlorophyll and MDA contents to formaldehyde differed among three kinds of plants.

  The Effects of Different Fertilizer Application on Root shoot ratio and Healthy index of Pansy 2010, 26 (6):  216-218.  Abstract + ( 991 )   PDF ( 434942KB )   ( 840 ) Root shoot ratio and healthy index of pumpkin plug seedling in different fertilizer application standard was systemic studied by randomized complete-block design. Root shoot ratio and healthy index of Pansy plug seedling was significantly smaller compared with the control by the application of nitrogen fertilizer.5g/L and 10 g/L of nitrogen fertilizer have no significant difference impact on the root shoot ratio of Pansy plug seedling.5g/L and 10g/L of nitrogen fertilizer produced a coercive effect on the root of Pansy plug seedling ,the inhibition of two levels to the root is approximately equal. Phosphorus and Potassium without a regular and significant effect on the rootshoot ratio of Pansy plug seedling, but to make healthy index of Pansy plug seedling has a certain degree of reduction. Compared with the control ,the root shoot ratio of Pansy plug seedling increased significantly in all seedling age by Microelement fertilizer application, but has no significant effect on healthy index of Pansy plug seedling.

  Effect of Autumn Foliar Application of Fertilizer on Bud Germination and Pollen Activity of Three Varieties of Grape 2010, 26 (6):  219-222.  Abstract + ( 882 )   PDF ( 469738KB )   ( 562 ) Abstract:Through autumn foliar spray of different formula fertilizer on RedGlobe, Thompson Seedless and Crimson Seedless,measuring the size of buds, the germination percentage and pollen activity of different treatments in the next year,access to get the best treatment and provides a theoretical basis for high quality and yield cultivated technology of grape. The result showed that the bud’s longitudinal and traverse diameter and pollen activity of different foliar spray treatments of the three grape varieties were better than CK.The increase amplitude of bud's longitudinal and traverse diameter of treatment 4 was higher , the pollen activity of treatment 4 and treatment 5 was higher ,and showed significant differences with CK.The longitudinal diameter of treatments was significantly related to pollen activity.

  An Analysis of Line Characteristics and Landscape Architecture Design 2010, 26 (6):  223-225.  Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 426659KB )   ( 665 ) Line is the basic elements of formative element and also is the basic language for designer to express their design ideas.Through line characteristics,the use of line and concrete application in landscape architecture design had been researched,made designer more explicit to use line flexibly the landscape architecture design with spiritual connotation and value of the arts,to improve the level of chinese modern landscape.

  The inducing effect of antimicrobial proteins isolation from strain CIII-1 on pepper to anthracnoses—impact on defense enzymes of pepper fruit 2010, 26 (6):  226-230.  Abstract + ( 985 )   PDF ( 835094KB )   ( 802 ) The control effects of the extra cellular antimicrobial proteins (EACP) on the capsicum anthracnoses were 81.82% and 52.00% after 9 d and 13 d respectively. The physiological and biochemical mechanism of the EACP from strain CIII-1 controlling anthracnoses of pepper showed that: compared with the treatment inoculating the sterile water, the treatment inoculating EACP did not remarkably change the contents of the soluble protein and MDA and activities of SOD. The activities of POD, PPO and PAL of capsicum were all improved obviously after being treated with EACP, but the basal trends are not the same. Antimicrobial proteins isolation from strain CIII-1 can enhance anti-disease capability of plants by inducing antidisease enzyme activation.

  Correlation of Rust Occurrence to Leaf Age and Leaf Anatomical Structure in Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. ‘Dongzao’ 2010, 26 (6):  231-235.  Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 571754KB )   ( 622 ) In order to identify the correlation of rust infection and disease level to the leaf age and the leaf anatomic structure in Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. ‘Dongzao’, rust inoculation experiment was conducted with three different-aged leaves, and the anatomic properties of the leaves were observed. The results showed that rust was more easily infected as the leaves were young, i.e., the degree of infection took on the descending order of young leaves, fully-grown leaves, and mature leaves. In other words, mature leaves had the strongest resistance to rust. Anatomical study revealed structure differences with the leaf age, including the thickness of the cutin layer, the thickness of the upper epidermis and lower epidermis, the thickness of the leaf blade, the thickness of the palisade tissue, the thickness of the spongy tissue, the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, the tightness of leaf tissue structure, the porosity of leaf tissue structure, the stoma density, and the stoma size. However, the stoma elongation was not significantly different. The leaf morphological structure was correlated with jujube rust occurrence, and can be used as indicators for the control of jujube rust and for selecting rust-resistant plus trees in jujube ‘Dongzao’.

  The study of solid state fermentation of Trichoderma pseudokoningii spores with wheat bran and corncob 2010, 26 (6):  236-239.  Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 633712KB )   ( 972 ) Using wheat bran and corncob as main material, the solid state fermentate medium of Trichoderma pseudokoningii which produce the most spores was screened. Single factor experiments were studied on the proportion of wheat bran and corncob, water content, and the additives. The optimized medium is composed of: wheat bran: corncob=8:2, water content 55~60%, KNO30.1%, calcium sulfate1%，sucrose1%. Shallow tray fermentation experiment was performed, the results show that under the conditions of 28℃, inoculum size of 10%, and the optimized medium, 470g dried mycelium and spores were obtained from 1000g dried raw material. One gram of dried fermentation products contains 1.34×109 spores. The research provides a theoretical basis for mass production of Trichoderma pseudokoningii mycelium and spores agents.

  The Toxicity Determination of 6 Insecticides Against the Banana Flower Thrips Thrips hamaiiensis (Morgan) 2010, 26 (6):  240-242.  Abstract + ( 923 )   PDF ( 442723KB )   ( 864 ) The banana flower thrips Thrips hamaiiensis (Morgan) occurred commonly in the banana gardens and caused damage to banana production. In order to select more effective insecticides and guide insecticide application in field, Toxicities of 6 kinds of insecticides to adults and nymph of Thrips hamaiiensis were determined by residual film with filter paper method. The results showed that, after the treatment of 24 h, the LC50 of chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, beta-cypermethrin, and Acetamiprid on adults was 0.57 mg/L , 0.86 mg/L, 0.98 mg/L, 1.57 mg/L, 1.66 mg/L, 13.48 mg/L, respectively, while on nymph was 0.57 mg/L, 0.81 mg/L, 1.03 mg/L, 1.79 mg/L, 1.96 mg/L, 33.45 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and abamectin of 6 kinds of insecticides on the Thrips hamaiiensis had a better control effect.

  Acarocidal Activity of methyl linoleate against Tetranychus cinnabarinus 2010, 26 (6):  247-249.  Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 519599KB )   ( 581 ) The methyl linoleate investigated for their biological activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Slide，dip and Leaf，residue methods were used to measure biological activity. The results indicated that the bioactivity(touch kill, oviposit inhibition, repellency)of methyl linoleate was high , the adjusted mortalities of female mite and egg were 82.82% and 78.54%, Oviposit inhibit ion rate and repellency rate were 78.46% and 95.61%,respectively at the concentration of 5 mg/ml. LC50 is 1.4434mg/ml and 2.0283mg/ml.The test provided theoretical basis for mechanism of the future research.

  Antifungal Activities of the Extracts from Stellera chamaejasmeL. Against Three Phytopathogenic Fungi 2010, 26 (6):  250-252.  Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 433120KB )   ( 626 ) To explore the antifungal activity of the Extracts from Stellera chamaejasme. against Three Phytopathogenic Fungi. Four of solvents were used to extracts the S. chamaejasme L.. The fungistasis effects of different extracts were tested wit h 3 fungi ， Fusarium graminearum ， F. oxysporium and Alternaria mail. In three plants， 96 hours later， methanol extracts had strongest fungi stasis effect on all 3 species of fungi， t he inhibition rates were more than 68 %. Methanol is 1.31， 1. 64， 0.54 mg/ml.

  Progress in the Studies of Nitrogen Denitrification and N2O Emission in Agro-ecosystem 2010, 26 (6):  253-259.  Abstract + ( 635 )   PDF ( 533467KB )   ( 1227 ) Nitrification - denitrification are two important processes in soil nitrogen cycle. N2O and N2, generated from their biochemical processes, which not only will cause nitrogen losses and reducing nitrogen use efficiency, but also increase the concentrations of greenhouse gases, and bring about environmental damage. Therefore, nitrification and denitrification has attracted more attention, whether from an agricultural point of view, or from an environmental point of view. Based on the reports at home and abroad in recent years, this paper describes N loss from denitrification and N2O emissions on various agro-ecological system, introduces some measures to reduce N loss from denitrification and N2O emission, and the future research directions to be carried out are also suggested．

  Effects of O3-FACE(ozone-free air control enrichment) on respiration enzymes of rice leaf 2010, 26 (6):  260-264.  Abstract + ( 1035 )   PDF ( 643104KB )   ( 692 ) In this paper, two rice varieties(Wuyunjing21 and Liangyoupeijiu) were used to detect polyphenol oxidase (PPO), ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO), glycolic acid oxidase (GO) activities of leaves for heading date of rice (Oryza sativa I )under the ambient atmosphere O3 concentration (Ambient) and O3 free air concentration enrichment (O3-FACE) conditions. Results showed that: elevated O3 concentration enhance the activities of PPO, AAO and GO after 67 days O3 treatment，Wuyunjing 21 increased these enzymes activity much than those of Liangyoupeijiu; however, after 79 day O3 treatment, elevated O3 concentration decreased GO, PPO and AAO activity, especially these enzymes activity reduction of Liangyoupeijiu were much than those of Wuyunjing 21.The results indicated that, Wuyunjing 21 have strong respiration by enhancing three respiration enzymes activity to dissipate of excess light energy and protect the photosynthetic apparatus for alleviating the damage of ozone on the photosynthetic apparatus of rice leaves. So we concluded that Liangyoupeijiu was more susceptible to ozone than Wuyunjing 21.

  A Comparative Study on Control of Alternan Thera Philoxeroides in Peanut Field 2010, 26 (6):  265-268.  Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 581725KB )   ( 622 ) Abstract: Alternan thera philoxeroides, a external bio-invasion plant, has become a serious and urgent weed problem in peanut production in China, espically in southern regions. In order to find a efficient eco-safety method to control it, a experiment was conducted by compare the effects of four treatments i.e. fumigation weeding with (NH4)2CO3 (FWCN), chemical weeding (CW), manual weeding (MW), no weeding (NW). The result showed that: 1) FWCN had most control effect during early stage of 30d, was relatively secure, environment-protected and (NH4)2CO3, as nitrogen fertilizer, can promote seedlings growth, increased chlorophyll content（SPAD value）, though control effect declined during late stages; 2) CW and MW had stead control effect, whereas CW maybe resulted in some impacts on environment and peanut plant.In addtion, MW was only suitable for regions with less arable land per capita for it exhausted more labor resource .

  Research on Nitrogen Utilization in the neutral purple soil by the external hyphae of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza 2010, 26 (6):  269-274.  Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 576471KB )   ( 757 ) Abstract:To investigate the Nitrogen Utilization in the neutral purple soil by the external hyphae of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza(AM), the modified Hawkins and George (1999) devices was used to simulate a natural growing environment, made the soil as the substance, and as far as possible to eliminate the interference of phosphorus. The results showed that inoculation with Glomus intraradices increased both of the nitrogen and phosphorus status in the maize shoot and root, and played a good role. The external hyphae of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza can expand the scope of ,and the distance should not be less than 5cm. Besides, the main form of nitrogen used by the external hyphae is inorganic nitrogen.

  The Effects of Photosynthetic Bacteria on Arsenic Uptake and Growth of Tobacco in Arsenic-contaminated Soil 2010, 26 (6):  275-280.  Abstract + ( 843 )   PDF ( 632968KB )   ( 765 ) A pot experiment using sterile and unsterile arsenic(As)-contaminated soil was carried out to study effects of different inoculation methods of photosynthetic bacteria (PB) on the growth and As uptake of tobacco. Tobacco planted in unsterile soil was infected by pathogenic fungi and then died. Population of PB declined below the starting density in sterile soil. Inoculation with PB had no significant effects on plant biomass, contents of soluble sugars and chlorophyll and net photosynthetic rate. However, increasing trends of net photosynthetic rate and shoot dry weight were found in all inoculated treatments and those inoculated PB into soil, respectively. Leaf NO3--N concentration was lower in treatments inoculated with PB after transplanting than in other treatments. Inoculation with PB resulted in decreased soil pH, while no difference in concentrations of soil water-extractable and tobacco As were observed among all treatments. In conclusion, PB did not play an important role in tobacco safety in high As-contaminated soil since the development of PB population was suppressed. Nonetheless, PB in tobacco safety prospect is considerable.

  Research on Quality of Rice in Different Temperature Zones in Heilongjiang Province 2010, 26 (6):  281-285.  Abstract + ( 635 )   PDF ( 448305KB )   ( 666 ) Quality of rice was investigated and studied through multi-point sampling in different temperature zones of Heilongjiang province. The result was showed that the brown rice rate was higher in the first temperature zone than the second and the third temperature zone, milled rice rate and head rice rate were higher in the second temperature zone than the third temperature zone, the third′ was higher the second′; the appearance quality of rice, chalkiness rate was least in the first temperature zone, the third′ was the largest, the second′ was intermediate; chalkiness was the least in the second temperature zone, the first was the largest; grain shape aspect ratio was longer in the first temperature zone, the third′ was more shorter; protein content was higher in the second and third temperature zones than the first temperature zone; amylose content in the first temperature zone was the highest, the third temperature zone′ was the second, the second temperature zone′ was the lowest, and the eating quality was better in the second temperature zone than the first and third, the third temperature zone′ was the worst.

  Screening of Primers in Genetic Diversity Analysis of Pyrus Germplasm by AFLP 2010, 26 (6):  286-288.  Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 888388KB )   ( 699 ) In this study, 10 primer combinations selected from 64 ones were identified to be high polymorphic. The amounts of bands were 23-55.A total of 371 DNA bands were amplified, including 306 polymorphic bands. The10 primer combinations were high polymorphic primers, which could be applied widely on Pyrus L.By AFLP technique. AFLP technique was applied on germplasm genetic diversity.It was abundant in Pyrus germplasm resources in China. It might be helpful for studying Pyrus germplasmic resources by screening of primers on AFLP.

  Exogenous sucrose, vitamin C protects Arabidopsis from chromic -induced root growth inhibition which is likely mediated by hydrogen peroxide production 2010, 26 (6):  289-292.  Abstract + ( 748 )   PDF ( 1002435KB )   ( 812 ) The effect of sucrose and Vc on H2O2 accumulation and root growth inhibition of Arabidopsis were investigated in hydroponics. We found that Cr inhibits root elongation with increasing concentrations of Cr. Meristematic regions and the elongation zones were greatly shortened, suggesting cell division and cell elongation are all affected. Plant roots died of Cr overdose. DAB staining analysis showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulated in root tips when the seedlings were treated with Cr. Furthermore, we found that inclusion of sucrose (Su) and vitamin C (Vc) can dramatically increase the tolerance of the seedlings to Cr treatment. Taken together, the results suggest that inhibition of root growth induced by Cr is likely mediated by ROS production.

  Effects of Cu,Zn and Pb Compound Pollution of Heavy Metalson Purple Soil Enzymic Activities 2010, 26 (6):  293-296.  Abstract + ( 665 )   PDF ( 553906KB )   ( 804 ) Enzymatic activities in heavy metal polluted soil had been widely used to indicate the extent of pollution. Indoor cultivation experiment was conducted to study effects of copper, zinc, lead compound pollution on the soil catalase, converting enzyme and urease activity.The results show that copper and zinc can inhibit the three enzymes, enzyme zinc on three significant inhibitory effect, and the concentration of lead in the next three to stimulate role of the enzyme. Copper, zinc, lead pollution on the compound of urease showed synergistic inhibition of the negative effect;Invertase right there has been a certain antagonism, particularly the higher the concentration of lead , the antagonistic effect was obvious, right catalase with the major impact of copper,zinc concentration increased, the effect of zinc significantly. From the angle of the soil enzymes,lead to mild zinc and copper pollution improvement, and the copper pollution repair effect is not significant.

  Effect of PAM on Soil Water Stable Aggregates in Alluvial Soil 2010, 26 (6):  297-299.  Abstract + ( 695 )   PDF ( 551538KB )   ( 664 ) PAM was applied in soil column to study the effects of PAM on water stable aggregates of the alluvial soil. The results showed that PAM improved the structure of the studied soils by promoting the formation and reducing the fractal dimension of the >0.25mm water stable aggregates effectively, and the effects were enhanced as the concentration of PAM increased. The best effect was found at the 1g/kg concentration, compared with the blank control, the >0.25mm water stable aggregates increased 42.69%, while its fractal dimension decreased 10.11%.

  The practice and thinking about Cleaner Production Auditing of plantation 2010, 26 (6):  300-303.  Abstract + ( 549 )   Cleaner Production Auditing of industry is more and more perfect in the country. But the cleaner Production Auditing of plantation has not been pay attention to. In 2007, the comments on the cleaner Production Auditing of plantation and their acceptance check, it symbolizes the beginning of the age of the cleaner Production Auditing of plantation. We set the process of the cleaner Production Auditing of "Beijing Lvdulin" science-technology demonstration park as example, and a thorough analysis of the meaning and its future prospect has been done.

  On the Assessments of Climate Adaptation of the 10th Papaya Introduced from Malaysia 2010, 26 (6):  304-308.  Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 607193KB )   ( 659 )

  Characteristics of nitrogen content between rhizosphere and bulk soil of banana plantation in Hainan province 2010, 26 (6):  309-312.  Abstract + ( 839 )   PDF ( 505327KB )   ( 1016 ) To find out the nutrition characteristics of Brazilian Banana between rhizosphere and bulk soil, we selected three parent materials，determined the nitrogen status of various forms, soil organic carbon content and changes of s oil pH both in the rhizosphere and bulk soil , analyzed their significant difference and relevance. The result is that: Total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate and alkaline in rhizosphere were 50.7 %、35.9%、36.7 % and 19.3 % higher than that the bulk soil . Soil organic in the rhizosphere was 36.8 % higher and s oil pH was lower by 0.06 units than the average. The nutrition of rhizosphere was higher than bulk soil in three parent materials. And there were significant differences in content of soil total nitrogen, nitrate and organic content between rhizosphere and bulk soil among three parent materials, however, the ammonium and alkaline were significant differences in different parent materials. Ammonium in the rhizosphere and bulk soil was not correlated with other nutrients.

  Study on stability of Green Pigment from Schefflera 2010, 26 (6):  313-316.  Abstract + ( 915 )   PDF ( 484458KB )   ( 582 ) The stability of greeen pigment from scheffera were studied in this paper. The results showed that the pigment is stable in acidic conditions. It was also resistant to carvohydrates and preservatives such as potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and citric acid. However the pigment was resisitant to Vitamin C and H2O2. Metallic ions such as Cu2?, Mg2?, Ca 2?, K?, Na? and Zn2? have few effect on it.

  Studies on the Simulation Model of Photosynthesis and Dry Matter Accumulation for Rubber Tree 2010, 26 (6):  317-323.  Abstract + ( 837 )   PDF ( 732279KB )   ( 721 ) Based on single leaf light response model and the canopy light distribution, rubber tree canopy photosynthesis model was constructed by integral form. In this model, factors that would affect rubber canopy photosynthetic rate were considered. These factors included the light flux density, temperature, leaf area index, the largest single-leaf photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic characteristic parameters, extinction coefficient, and group reflectivity. Based on the relationship of the respiration rate of leaves and wood organ interact with the environmental factors, the rubber tree respiration model was developed. Based on the canopy photosynthesis model and the respiration model, the dry material accumulation simulation model of rubber tree was constructed. The validation of model for dry matter accumulation with field experiments indicated good fit between the simulated and observed data. Therefore, this model is strong on both mechanism and practicability.

  Towards an early warning framework of greenhouse vegetable diseases ——a case of cucumber downy mildew 2010, 26 (6):  324-331.  Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 1033961KB )   ( 796 ) 【OBJECTIVE】Early warning for greenhouse vegetable disease is an essential way for protecting eco-environment and vegetable quality safety. The early warning framework can provide guidance for development of models and systems.【METHOD and RESULTS】The concept of early warning for greenhouse vegetable disease was derived from plant disease epidemiology, and then the “disease early warning system” was evolved from “disease warning system”. The logical course of disease early warning included warning factor establishment, warning indicator monitoring, warning source traceability, warnings situation delivery and warning situation obviation. The establishment of warning factor system could provide reference for disease epidemiological problem analysis and disease early warning models. The framework of early warning for greenhouse vegetable diseases was set up with the basis of classical early warning method, the logical course of new early warning method, and the key techniques of modern early warning method. Taking primary infections of cucumber downy mildew for example, the framework was evaluated preliminarily. 【CONCLUSION】The models and systems based on the framework could provide the decision support for early warning of primary infections of cucumber downy mildew.

  Correlation and Path Analysis to Quantitative Traits for a cultured population of Jinjiang Oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis 2010, 26 (6):  332-336.  Abstract + ( 665 )   PDF ( 543185KB )   ( 652 ) To clarify correlation among quantitative traits and compositions influencing production, five quantitative traits including three morphological traits (Shell length, shell height, and shell width) and two weight traits (Live body weight and tissue weight) of Jinjiang oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis were measured and analyzed from 140 randomly chosen individuals by correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, path analysis and determination coefficient analysis. The results showed that there were significant correlations (P < 0.05) among the five measured traits, and correlation coefficient ranged from 0.16710 to 0.81988. Morphological traits made the same effects on two weight traits of live body weight and tissue weight. Shell height gave directly predominant effect on live body weight and tissue weight, and the value was up to 33.84% and 34.20%, respectively; shell length gave indirectly predominant effect on live body weight and tissue weight, and the value was up to 17.84% and 13.23%, respectively. Regression equations between weight of live body weight (Y1) and tissue weight (Y2) and morphological traits of shell length (x1), shell height (x2), and shell width (x3) were also established, and equations were as followed: Y1 = -104.50715 + 1.29795x1 + 0.91435x2 + 1.39589x3 (R2 = 0.7818), Y2 = -10.54062 + 0.14956x1 + 0.14361x2 + 0.12205x3 (R2 = 0.6008). The present results provide a theoretical basis for selective breeding in Jinjiang oyster, that is, shell height should be firstly selected and shell length should be simultaneously selected in order to improve live body weight and tissue weight via morphological traits.

  The Preliminary Study on the Growth of Carp Fish in Lihu Lake 2010, 26 (6):  337-339.  Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 678402KB )   ( 1008 ) Four fishing were operated at Shuishangmingyue,Zhenbaofang,Meihu and Ludingshan to capture silver carp and bighead carp in September 2009. The weight of silver carp was from 6000g to11000g and the age was from 3 to 5. The weight of bighead carp was from 7000g to12000g and the age was from 3 to 5. The growth equation of silver carp was and . The growth equation of bighead carp was and . The rapidest growth period was from age 3 to age 5. This study was mainly about the growth characteristics and community structure which will provide evidence for protection and utilization of fishery resources in Lihu lake.

  Study on Recycling of Plant Ash in Ancient Chinese Medicine 2010, 26 (6):  340-343.  Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 534778KB )   ( 738 ) Plant ash was one of the most important byproducts in ancient life,which had a processing from waste to medical treasure,especially in Ming and Qing dynasty,the plant ash had been used in numerous aspects of medcine.And some reusing methods have been following its first invention.Few systematic studies have been focused on the utilization of plant ash in ancient life. By means of documentary, this article reveals how ancient people used plant ash in Chinese traditional medicine. Another contribution of the research is to reveal the relationship between plant-ash recycling and ancient ecological agriculture, and go further to prove the argument of Chinese ancient recycling economy.

  The Study on Fundamental Patterns of Administrative Divisions Regulation after Disasters in Ancient of China 2010, 26 (6):  344-347.  Abstract + ( 618 )   Abstract: China is always a more adisasters country.In order to reduce the heavy loss which the natural disaster creates，the government always by any means possible carries on the disaster prevention, the disaster reduction, the disaster relief. In our country voluminous historical document are rich about Administrative Divisions Regulation after Disasters. This paper is in the thorough analysis related historical material record of administrative divisions regulation after disasters inquired into the Successive dynasties government in ancient of china after the natural disaster occurred to reduce disaster resists natural calamities the adjustment which did in the dministrative divisions aspect, Summarizes the fundamental patterns of administrative divisions regulation after disastersand make policy-making proposal.for government reconstruction after disasters.

  Research of Regional Food Security Measure ——A Case of Shilin Town of Wansheng District in Chongqing 2010, 26 (6):  348-354.  Abstract + ( 3507 )   PDF ( 672986KB )   ( 1460 ) With the rapid development of economy and propulsion of industrialization and urbanization, agriculture problems are becoming increasingly obvious. It becomes particularly important that we take a research of regional food security measure and then establish a rational model of regional food security measure.This paper established a comprehensive model of regional food security measure based on the agricultural production fluctuation coefficient, minimum per capita arable land area, cropland pressure index. Taking Shilin town at Wansheng District of Chongqing as an example, we carried on dynamic research and forecasting in its development level of regional plant production by the model. The results show that the food safety factor in regional plant production of Shilin Town is taking in downward rend and such phenomenon may become even worse in the next five years. So we put forwards the corresponding adjust and control measures based on the dynamic analysis and forecasting results.

  Characteristics, Problems and Proposals of Rural Collective Construction Land Shifting——Take ZhongXian as an example 2010, 26 (6):  359-363.  Abstract + ( 662 )   PDF ( 556156KB )   ( 779 ) Rural collective construction land shifting is an important way to realize the optimal allocation of land resources, and also significant measure to establish urban and rural land market. Liberalization of rural collective construction land transfer is not only eases the tensions of urban construction land needs, but also protects its legitimate rights and interests by endowing rural construction land with the right that "the same place, the same right and the same price" with urban land. The text analyzes the basic characteristics of China's rural collective land shifting, reveals problems that many conflicts of laws and regulations, difficulty in land shifting market construction in the transfer of rural collective land, and puts forward countermeasures and proposals based on the issues to improve the rural collective construction land transfer.

  Study on the Information Purchasing Power of Farmers Based on Rural Information Poverty 2010, 26 (6):  364-366.  Abstract + ( 635 )   PDF ( 476359KB )   ( 579 ) Information poverty, becoming more prominent and widespread in China's vast rural areas, must be solved because it has hindered seriously agricultural development, rural progress and farmers' income. The lack of farmers' information purchasing power is one of reasons of rural information poverty. In this study, authors analyzed the information purchasing power of farmers by ELES model to discuss the reason of information poverty from information demand and to provide a reference for solving it.

  On Several "pre-problem" of peasants’ subjectivity in Modernity 2010, 26 (6):  367-371.  Abstract + ( 631 )   PDF ( 489358KB )   ( 605 ) The study of peasants’ subjectivity in modernity currently can not be avoided. an object of research, research significance, research of the history and current situation, as well as the inherent association of modernity and peasants’ subjectivity must been seen as a precondition. The selection of the object should be combined with national conditions and highlight key points; Hot topics of peasants’ subjectivity has some historical background and also its own reasons, no doubt the study is of its great theoretical and practical significance; peasants’ subjectivity in Modernity continued a century of history research from the peasants to peasants’ subjectivity, it will open up new areas , the new path; subjectivity and modernity are from the same sources, the establishment of peasants’ subjectivity is an important symbol of modernity, peasants’ subjectivity long-term achieved means that the difficulty of achieving modernity.

  Survey and Research on the House Demolition Compensation in the Process of “Urban Villages” Reconstruction 2010, 26 (6):  372-376.  Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 534946KB )   ( 1207 ) Abstract: The “urban villages” housing demolition and compensation is closely related to urban development and the survival lifeline of the villagers. In this paper, a field survey on the policy and the implementation in the process of village housing demolition and compensation, Yan Zhuang for example, is conducted. The results show that there are some problems in the process of reconstruction，such as the villagers are not satisfied with the compensation standards, the villagers can not understand the Government's policy of compensation and resettlement, compensation cost is not in place, the process is undemocratic, the villagers have the tendency to resist demolition and to refuse compensation, and so on. It is proposed to resort to the laws, policy, social security, humanistic care, and other measures to protect the rights and interests of villagers. The results can provide some help for the“urban villages”reconstruction.

  The Exploration of the “Red” Villages’ Construction Under New Socialist Countryside Construction Situation:Taking Example of the DAWeishan Town of Huna Liuyang QINYong-hui QINYong-hui 2010, 26 (6):  377-380.  Abstract + ( 600 )   PDF ( 461920KB )   ( 621 ) The “Red” villages’ construction is one of the key emphasis in new socialist countryside construction. Taking example of the DAWeishan town of Huna Liuyang, Analyzed the DAWeishan town’s present situation condition, development superiority and restriction condition. Researched the “Red” villages’ constructionand statemented the specific measures.

  Application of the Logical Thinking in the Studies of “Three Fs” Problems 2010, 26 (6):  381-386.  Abstract + ( 801 )   PDF ( 501755KB )   ( 650 ) Logical thinking is a corner stone of academic research, and it is very important for researchers to do a research under the guidance of basic logic methods. This paper tries to make a clear and accurate analysis on the application of logical thinking in the studies of “Three Fs” problems through carding the basic theories of logics.